1

A) Interpretation: Primary and secondary education refers to schooling ranging from

elementary to high school education
U.S. Department of Education 8 (International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education, Feb
2008. Organization of U.S. Education: The School Level,)

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Primary

schools are called elementary schools, intermediate (upper primary
or lower secondary) schools are called middle schools, and secondary schools are called high schools.
Heads of public primary and secondary schools are called principals, while the heads of private schools may be called principals, headmasters,
or heads of school. In addition, schools may have other administrative staff in addition to teachers and teaching assistants. There may also be
teaching assistants, counselors, librarians and computer specialists, school nurses, food service staff, custodial staff and administrative staff.
Public Schools. Primary and secondary public schools are governed by local school districts and their boards.
Policies and regulations tend to be uniform across all schools within a district, but can vary among
districts. Individual schools are administered within the confines of these general requirements, so autonomy is limited. States vary as to the
curricular freedom they give local schools, but most impose a basic statewide curricular framework which local schools may embellish to a
limited degree, and also issue a statewide list of approved textbooks for each grade level from which locals may select or, in some cases,
require the use of a single set of approved texts. Schools
are organized into elementary (primary) schools, middle
schools, and high (secondary) schools. Primary or elementary education ranges from grade 1 to grades
4-7, depending on state and school district policy. Middle schools serve pre-adolescent and young adolescent students
between grades 5 and 9, with most in the grade 6-8 range. Middle schools in the upper grade range (7-9) are sometimes referred to as junior
high schools. Secondary or high schools enroll students in the upper grades, generally 9-12 with variations. In
the United States these tend to be comprehensive schools enrolling students of widely different interests and capabilities who follow different
educational tracks within the same school.

B) Education is prescribed classroom instruction

Websters Webster's 1913 Dictionary - http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/education
Education (noun): The act or process of educating; the result of educating, as determined by the knowledge skill, or discipline of
character, acquired; also, the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course of study or discipline; as, an
education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education.

C) Violation: the plan funds teaching certification programs, which are postsecondary
education --
Putnam 81 (John F. Putnam, National Center for Education Statistics. Postsecondary Student
Terminology: A Handbook of Terms and Definitions for Describing Students in Postsecondary
Education, March 1981.)

A postsecondary education institution is defined as an academic, vocational, technical, home study,

business, professional, or other school, college or university-or other organization or person-offering
educational credentials or offering instruction or educational services (primarily to persons who have
completed or terminated their secondary education or who are beyond the age of compulsory school
attendance) for attainment of educational,' professional, or vocational * objectives.2 Postsecondary, education
institutions may be classified as either publicly or privately controlled; the privately controlled group includes two major categories: private
nonprofit schools, and proprietary schools. Postsecondary education institutions may be grouped in the following manner, regardless of their
source(s) of funding or their method(s) of delivering instruction: * universities, colleges, and other educational institutions offering programs
leading to bachelor's, master's, first-professional, and/or doctor's degrees; * community/junior colleges and other 2-year' educational
institutions offering programs leading to associate degrees, diplomas,. certificates of completion, and/or their equivalents; .2 This is, essentially,
the definition of postsecondary educational institutions endorsed by the Federal Interagency Committee on Education and published in
"Definition of Postsecondary Educational Institution," FICE Report,, vol. 1, no. 3 (June 1974).

D) Prefer our interpretation:

1) Limits allowing affirmatives to fund or regulate postsecondary education
drastically and unfairly expands the negatives research burden
2) Ground postsecondary education skirts the core controversy of federal vs. state
regulation of schools eliminates core generics specific to public education