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18 JonesA. Body Art / Performing the Subject. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
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25 Krauss R.E. The Optical Unconscious. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1994.
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28 . . no: Krauss R. E. Cindy Sherman: Untitled.., p. 44.
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Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1996.
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36 . no: Battersby . Just Jamming: Irigaray, Painting and Psychoanalysis / /
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39 Levin D.M. Introduction 11 Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision / Levin D. M. (ed.)
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46 . : Adams P. Father, cant you see Im filming? / / Vision in Context:
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4647
6 5 - 6 6 , 1 4 4 -1 5 1 , 1 8 0 -1 8 3 , 1 8 7 -2 1 2 , 2 1 5 -2 3 8 ,
2 4 1 -2 5 1
199, 207
45, 246, 248249
48, 101, 106, 222223, 249

- 89, 9 1 - 9 2 , 99
178183
46, 89, 144
100106, 1 0 9 ,110., 111., 118,150,154155,
158, 1 6 3 -1 6 4 , 177
7 5 ,7 8 - 8 4 , 8 7 -1 0 6 , 108, 1 1 2 -1 1 4 , 1 1 6 -1 3 1 ,1 3 5 -1 4 3 ,
1 4 4 -1 5 1 , 1 5 4 -1 5 8 , 1 6 8 -1 8 4 , 1 9 2 -1 9 3 , 1 9 6 -1 9 7 , 237, 241
82, 101, 1 3 5 -1 3 6 , 1 4 0 -1 4 1 , 148, 176, 1 8 0 -1 8 3
184
1 3 6 -1 3 9 , 1 5 4 -1 5 5 , 176, 1 8 1 -1 8 3
259

7277, 188189
172178, 200, 207, 248
58, 247248
189
44
4546, 122, 203
45
36
46
" " 39, 129, 190, 202, 2 1 1 -2 1 2 , 212 .
3 0 - 4 0 , 79, 117, 138, 228
35
241

7, 30, 3 6 - 3 9 , 59, 7 4 - 8 4 , 108, 118, 1 2 4 -1 2 8 , 1 3 0 -1 3 3 , 140,


1 4 4 -1 5 1 , 179, 182, 190, 1 9 3 -1 9 7 , 207, 2 1 0 -2 1 2 , 2 1 7 -2 2 4 ,
222, 232, 234, 245, 250
182
3 9 ,2 1 9 ,2 3 5
104, 242250
220, 2 2 2 -2 2 3 , 2 5 0 -2 5 1
150, 245246, 250251
250251
50, 188, 191, 196, 245246, 250251

31, 56, 119, 230


15,139

1 8 8 -1 8 9 , 202, 205, 207, 224, 232, 235, 2 4 5 -2 4 6 ,


2 5 0 -2 5 1
13, 2 8 ,4 3 - 4 9 ,6 4 , 7 1 ,9 9 ,1 0 0 - 1 0 6 ,1 1 3 - 1 1 4 , 1 1 9 -1 2 1 ,
145, 1 5 1 -1 5 2 , 1 5 6 -1 5 9 , 161, 1 6 4 -1 6 7 , 1 7 4 -1 7 6 , 1 7 8 -1 7 9 ,
182, 190, 1 9 3 -1 9 7 , 200, 2 0 2 -2 0 3 , 2 0 7 -2 0 8 , 212, 212 .,
2 1 5 -2 3 8 , 2 4 1 -2 5 1
182183
166167
81, 132, 189, 1 9 1 -1 9 2 , 2 0 1 -2 0 2 , 232

(. ) 104105,155156,
168, 174, 1 7 8 -1 8 0 , 178 ., 1 8 3 -1 8 4 , 221
178180

58, 62
260

51, 53, 57, 6 1 - 6 3 , 1 1 8 -1 1 9 , 147, 162, 165, 171, 178,


1 8 7 -1 9 1 , 196, 207, 2 1 0 -2 1 1
189190
12, 61, 78, 8 2 - 8 3 , 8 7 -1 0 6 , 1 0 9 -1 1 0 , 1 1 2 -1 1 4 , 118, 123,
126, 133, 145, 1 7 0 -1 7 1 , 177, 184, 1 8 9 -1 9 1 , 196, 209, 2 1 8 -2 2 0 ,
234, 237, 249

1314

160, 165, 167, 204206, 222, 235236,


2 4 2 -2 4 5
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