High Performance Three phase AC-DC PWM

Converter with Decoupled Controller Using

Matlab/Simulink

Mohammed Hassan Ahmed

School of Electrical Engineering. Chongqing University
Chongqing, China
mohhas1717@hotmail.com

Abstract This paper presents a controlled technology of a

high performance three phase AC-DC boost pulse width
modulation (PWM) converter. Which consist of Three-phase
boost rectifier (universal bridge) and decoupled controller. Due
to their advantages of Bi-directional power transfer capability
and unity power factor operation. To control the DC output
voltage the voltage Oriented Control method with decoupled
controller has been used. Matlab/Simulink software is used to
simulate the mathematical model. The DC output voltage, active
and reactive power are obtained. With comparison result show
that the model is more promising candidate in high performance
converters.
Keywords Pulse Width Modulation (PWM); Boost Rectifer
Unity Power Factor; Voltage Oriented Control (VOC); High
Voltage Direct Current (HVDC).
I. INTRODUCTION
Three-phase controlled rectifiers have a wide range of
applications, from small rectifiers to large high voltage direct
current (HVDC) transmission systems. They are used for
many purpose, kinds of motor drives, traction equipment,
controlled power supplies, and many other applications. From
the point of view of the commutation process, they can be
classified into two important categories: line commutated
controlled rectifiers (thyristor rectifiers), and force-
commutated PWM rectifiers.
II. THREE PHASE RECTIFIER
A. Three phase Rectifier Topologies
As a consequence for problems of diode rectifier many
new switch-mode rectifier topologies that comply with the
new standards have been appeared and developed to limit the
harmonic content of the current drawn from the power line by
rectifier. The Universal bridge topology is one of the best
power electronic circuit which is used to limit the harmonic.
The aim of the paper is to develop High Performance Three
phase AC-DC boost PWM Converter (Universal Bridge) and
Decoupled Controller Using Matlab/Simulink.
B. Operation of Boost PWM Converter
The Boost PWM Converter is the most widely used
because of the duality transfer power (bidirectional). Figure 1
shows the bidirectional PWM converter (Universal Bridge).
The voltage source rectifier operates by keeping the DC- link
voltage at a desired reference value, using a feedback control
loop, the Dc-link voltage is measured and compared with a
reference voltage . The error signal generated from this
comparison is used to switch the six valves of the rectifier ON
and OFF.
The power can come or return to the ac source
according to the Dc-link voltage requirements. Voltage dc
is measured at capacitor C. When the current iD is positive
(rectifier operation), the capacitor C is discharged, and the
error signal ask the Control Block for more power from the ac
supply. The Control Block takes the power from the supply by
generating the appropriate PWM signals for the six valves. In
this way, more current flows from the ac to the dc side, and
the capacitor voltage is recovered.
Inversely, when iD becomes negative (inverter
operation), the capacitor C is overcharged, and the error signal
asks the control to discharge the capacitor and return power to
the ac mains. The PWM control not only can manage the
active power, but also reactive power, allowing this type of
rectifier to correct power factor. In addition, the ac current
waveforms can be maintained as almost sinusoidal, which
reduces harmonic contamination to the mains supply.
 Figure1. Bidirectional PWM converter

C. Description of PWM Rectifier (Universal Bridge):

The circuit diagram of the three-phase voltage source rectifier
is shown in Figure.2. In order to setup mathematical model, its
assume the AC voltage is a balance three phase supply. the
filter reactor is linear, isolated gate bipolar transistor ( IGBT)
is ideal switch and lossless. Where va, vb and vc
are the three phase voltages of three phase, balanced voltage
source, and ia , ib and ic are phase currents, vdc
is the DC output voltage, R and L mean resistance and
Figure 4. General phasor diagrams for both rectification and
inductance of the filter reactor respectively, C is smoothing
regeneration at unity power factor
capacitor across the DC bus, load is the DC side load, and
iload is load current. The line current iL is controlled by the voltage drop across
the inductance L which interconnecting the two voltage
sources (line and converter). If the phase angle and the
amplitude of converter voltage vL is controlled, indirectly the
phase and amplitude of the line current is controlled.

III. CONTROL TECHNIQUES OF PWM RECTIFIER

The control techniques of PWM rectifier can be generally
classified as Direct Power Control and Voltage Oriented
Control.Abbreviations and Acronyms

A. Voltage Oriented Control with decoupled controller:

Figure 2. Three phase rectifier circuit diagram (universal
bridge)
Figure 3. Shows the single line diagram of the rectifier where
vL is the line voltage and vs is the bridge converter voltage.
The Voltage Oriented Control (VOC) with decoupled
controller guarantees high dynamic and static performance via
an internal current control loop. But the quality depends
mainly on the current control strategy.
The Voltage Oriented Control is based on a series of
transformations from a three phase stationary reference system
a, b and c to a synchronous rotating reference system d-q
through a two phase stationary reference system -. With
these transformations, the control voltages remain constant
and become DC values, making all the control process more
simple. A closed-loop current control is used. A scheme of the
Voltage Oriented Control is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 3. Single line diagram of three phase rectifier

The general phasor diagrams for both rectification and
regeneration at unity power factor is shown in Figure 4.
 C. Proportional Integral controller (PI)
The Proportional Integral controller (PI) reduced error.
The integral action removes the error only if the reference
value is constant in steady state. Using Clarke and Park
transformations, the current measurements are transformed to
DC quantities, then, a simple PI controller can give good
results. The PI Controller block generates an output signal
based on the difference between a reference signal and a
measured system output. The block computes difference
signal for each of the proportional.

D. DC-link voltage controller:

The ultimate goal of the PI controller is to obtain a desired
voltage in the DC-link. By measuring the instantaneous
voltage and comparing its value with the value of the
reference voltage as shown in Figure7.

The error that is fed to the controller is obtained as

follow.

(1)

By implementing a PI control, a reference current for the

system, i*d is calculated as follow

Figure 5. The voltage oriented control with decoupled (2)

controller scheme.

B. Decoupled Controller
The decoupled controller block consist of current
controller, Proportional Integral controller (PI) and Vdc
link, and the output of decoupled controller is Vd and
Vq . Figure 6. Shows the Decoupled controller
(current and dclink voltage controller).

Figure 7. DC-link voltage controller

E. Current Controller
Once a DC-link voltage control is established, the
reference current i*d , which is used to control the DC
voltage, is obtained. In addition, due to the unit power factor
operation of the system, the q-axis reference current i*q is
set to zero.
To obtain these reference currents in the system, a current
control is performed, and the resulting of current controller in
a reference voltage is calculated in the dq -axis system.
The simulation of the controller is done in two PI control
loops, one for each component of the current i*d and
Figure 6. Decoupled controller (current and dc-link voltage
controller)
i*q . The outputs of the two PI controls are V*d and
V*q respectively as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8. Current controller block diagram

The components of this reference voltage are obtained using
equations

(3)

Where
Figure 9. System block diagram
(4)
B. Result and discussion
The complete system block diagram is simulated using
(5) Matlab/Simulink and results are obtained for several DC
reference voltage 400V, 500V and 600V.
C. Simulation result with Vdc-ref 400V
IV. COMPLETE SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

A. Model of Three phase AC-DC PWM Converter with

Decoupled Controller
Figure 9. Shown the complete block diagram of three phase
AC-DC PWM converter with decoupled controller, firstly, the
line voltage vabc need to feed the Phase Locked Loop
(PLL), and the voltage angle is obtained to use for three phase
stationary to dq coordinate transformation of line current
and voltage. Secondly, the dq coordinate values and the
DC link voltage value are used in a controller, the controller
compare these values used PI controller.
Finally, the reference voltages created by the controller are
sent to the PWM block to create the switching patterns
Sabc (S = 1 means switch ON, S=0 means switch OFF),
to pulse the converter
Figure 10.DC output voltage with 400 Vdc ref
 E. Simulation result with Vdc-ref 600V

Figure 11.active and reactive power with 400 Vdc ref

D. Simulation result with Vdc-ref 500V

Figure 14.DC output voltage with 600 Vdc ref

Figure 12.DC output voltage with 500 Vdc ref

Figure 15.active and reactive power with 500 Vdc ref

TABLE I. TABLE 1. COMPARISON BETWEEN RESULTS

Setting Output
Vdc ref Vdc(V) P(KW) Q(KVAR)
400V 400 165 0

500V 500 195 0

600V 600 260 0

From the figures and table 1. Observed results of that the DC

output voltage, active and reactive power, The DC output
voltage has initial overshoot at the first 0.1S, then the DC
output voltage is settled when applied the system control of
this circuit (PWM converter and decoupled controller system)
and continue at this value,the active power has initial
overshoot and then also settled at 0.1s with a constant value .
Figure 13.active and reactive power with 500 Vdc ref
The reactive power as shown it is equal to zero due to use
of PWM converter topology and VOC scheme which is
achieve to unity power factor for this system.
 V. CONCLUSION
In this paper a method to supply active power and
associated controller for power flow controller, able to control
active and reactive power flow through transmission lines, The
modeling and simulation of High Performance Three phase
AC-DC PWM Converter with Decoupled Controller is
presented Using Matlab/Simulink
. This model can be used in many different application of
HVDC.
Firstly, the mathematical model is developed and
Matlab/Simulink model was used in order to carry out the
modeling of the system, to achieve power requirement.
Smooth DC output voltage was obtained.
The complete model includes models for the PWM signal
generator, converter, controller and dq transformations.
The simulation results showed an accurate response to DC
voltage requirements.
The results show that the system is effectively working as
a boost rectifier and meets the desired DC voltage output
specified as reference for the control. Furthermore, when a
step in the reference DC voltage is applied, the system has a
good response and meets the new reference value. Regarding
power quality, the system satisfies the requirements and
accomplishes a power factor correction. The unity power
factor is achieved by using PWM rectifier topology, and
voltage oriented control with decoupled controller scheme.
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