PART E

SURFACE COURSES
SURFACE COURSES E

PART E SURFACE COURSES

ITEM 302 BITUMINOUS TACK COAT

(Refer to Department of Public Works and Highways Standard

Specifications 2004 Volume II Highways, Bridges and Airports)

Unit of
Item No. Description/Particulars
Measurement
Bituminous Tack Coat, Emulsified Asphalt
302(2) sq.m.
SS-1

ITEM 310 BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE COURSE, HOT LAID

310.1 Description

This Item shall consist of constructing a bituminous concrete surface

course composed of aggregates, mineral filler, and bituminous material
mixed in a central plant, constructed and laid hot on the prepared base in
accordance with this Specification and in conformity with lines, grades,
thickness and typical cross-section shown on the Plans.

310.2 Material Requirements

310.2.1 Composition and Quality of Bituminous Mixture

(Job-Mix Formula). The bituminous mixture shall be composed of

aggregate, mineral filler, hydrated lime, and bituminous material.

At least three weeks prior to production, the Contractor shall submit in

writing a job-mix formula for each mixture supported by laboratory test
data along with samples and sources of the components and viscosity-
temperature relationships information to the Engineer for testing and
approval.

Each job-mix formula submitted shall propose definite single values for:

1. The percentage of aggregate passing each specified sieve size.

2. The percentage of bituminous material to be added.
3. The temperature of the mixture delivered on the road.
4. The kind and percentage of additive to be used.
5. The kind and percentage of mineral filler to be used.

After the job-mix is established, all mixture furnished for the project shall
conform thereto within the following ranges of tolerances:

Passing No. 4 and larger sieves 7 percent

Passing No. 8 to No. 100 sieves (inclusive) 4 percent
Passing No. 200 sieve 2 percent
Bituminous Material 0.4 percent
Temperature of Mixture 10 C
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Should a change in source of material be proposed or should a job-mix

formula prove unsatisfactory, a new job-mix formula shall be submitted by
the Contractor in writing and be approved by the Engineer prior to
production.

Approval of a new job mix formula may require laboratory testing and
verification.

The mixture shall have a minimum compressive strength of 1.4 MPa

(200psi).
The mixture shall have a mass percent air voids with the range of 3 to 5.

The mixture shall also have an index of retained strength of not less
than70 when tested by AASHTO T 165. For aggregates having maximum
sizes over 25 mm (1 inch), AASHTO T 165 will be modified to use 150
mm x 150 mm (6 x 6 inches) cylindrical specimens. The 150 mm (6
inches cylinders will be compacted by the procedures outlined in
AASHTO T 167 modified to employ 10 repetitions of a molding load of 9.6
MPa (1400 psi), with no appreciable holding time after each application of
the full load.

310.2.2 Bituminous Material

The kind of bituminous material to be used shall be Asphalt Cement

Penetration Grade 60-70 and shall conform to the requirements of Item
702, Bituminous Materials of the DPWH Standards Specifications 2004
Volume II Highways, Bridges and Airports.

310.2.3 Aggregates

Coarse and fine aggregates shall be clean, hard, tough, sound particles
free from decomposed material, vegetable matter and other deleterious
substances.

Coarse aggregates shall consist of crushed rock or crushed river gravel.

At least 50 percent by weight of the coarse aggregate retained on the
4.75 m (No.4) sieve shall have at least one fractured face.

Fine aggregate, which is material passing a 4.75 (No. 4) sieve, shall

consist of sand or stone screenings or a mixture thereof. At least 50
percent by weight of the fine aggregates shall be angular or fractured
particles.

The combined aggregate shall conform to Grading Class A as shown in

Table 310.1. When the combined grading of the coarse and fine
aggregate is deficient in material passing the No. 200 sieve, additional
filler materials shall be added. However, the grading shall be adjusted to
take account of the results of the trials to allow the asphalt concrete mix
to conform in all respect to the requirements for the specified job-mix.

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Table 310.1 Aggregate Grading for Asphalt Concrete

Mix Class Class A Class B Class C

Mix Use Wearing Wearing, Wearing
Binder Binder
Min. Compacted Thickness 50 mm 35 mm 25 mm
U.S. Standard Sieve Percent Passing by Weight
mm alternative
25 (1 in) 100
19 (3/4 in) 80-100 100
12.5 ( in) - 80-100 100
9.5 (3/8 in) 60-80 70-90 80-100
4.75 (No. 4) 48-65 50-70 55-75
2.36 (No. 8) 35-50 35-50 35-50
0.600 (No. 30) 19-30 18-29 18-29
0.300 (No. 50) 13-23 13-23 13-23
0.150 (No. 100) 7-15 8-16 8-16
0.075 (No. 200) 1-8 4-10 4-10

Table 310.2 Filler Grading for Asphalt Concrete

U. S. Standard Sieve Percent Passing by

mm Alternative Weight
0.600 (No. 30) 100
0.300 (No. 50) 95-100
0.075 (No. 100) 70-100

The coarse and fine aggregates shall meet the following requirements:

a) The percentage of wear by Los Angeles Abrasion Test (AASHTO

T96) shall not be more than 40.

b) The loss when subjected to five cycles of the Sodium Sulphate

Soundness Test (AASHTO T104) shall be less than 12%.

c) The Sand Equivalent (AASHTO T176) determined after all processing

except for addition of asphalt cement shall not be less than 45.

d) All aggregates shall be non-plastic.

e) The flakiness index of the aggregates retained on the 9.5 mm (3/8 in)
sieve when tested in accordance with BS812 shall not exceed 35%.
(The flakiness index of an aggregate if the percentage by weight of
particles in it whose least dimension (thickness) is less than three-
fifths of their mean dimension. The test is not applicable to material
passing a 6.3 mm (1/4 in) sieve.

310.2.4 Mineral Filler

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Fill material shall consist of finely divided rock dust, hydrated lime,
Portland cement or other suitable mineral and shall conform to the
grading shown in Table 310.2.

310.2.5 Hydrated Lime

Material to be used shall conform to Item 701, Construction Lime

(Hydrated) of the DPWH Standard Specification 2004 Volume II
Highways, Bridges and Airports.

310.2.6 Proportioning of Mixtures

The asphalt concrete mixture shall conform to requirements of Table

310.3. However, the exact composition of the mixture shall be adjusted to
take account of the results of the mix trials to allow the asphalt concrete
mix to conform in all respects to the requirements for asphalt concrete.

Table 310.3 Asphalt Cement Content of Asphalt Concrete Mix

% Asphalt Cement Content of Asphalt Concrete Mix

Binder Course Wearing Course
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
4.0 5.5 5.0 7.0

Marshall specimens are to be obtained from the wearing course materials

supplied for trial laying purposes. The Marshall specimens shall be
formed and compacted in proper molds, in accordance with the procedure
describe in ASTM D1599.

The Contractor shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Engineer, by

testing, carried out in the presence of the Engineer, in accordance with
the procedures set out in the Marshall Method of Mix Design in the
Asphalt Institute Manual, Mix Design Methods for Asphalt Concrete and
Other Hot Mix Types, Manual Series No. 2 (MS-2), that the requirements
given in Table 310.4 are achieved. The loss in Marshall stability by
submerging specimens in water 60 C for 24 hours shall not be more than
25 percent of the stability of the job-mix. In addition, the Contractor shall
demonstrate by approved tests, to the satisfaction of the Engineer that
the proposed mix is not subject to stripping of the asphalt cement from
the aggregates.

Table 310.4 Marshall Test Requirement for Asphalt Concrete

Binder Course Wearing Course

Min. Max. Min. Max.
Stability (lbf) 1200 - 1200 -
Flow (0.01 in) 8 16 8 16
Air Voids (1%) 3 8 3 8
Aggregate Voids Filled with 60 75 70 80
Asphalt Cement (%)
Field Compacted Density 97 - 97 -
Marshall Specimen Density
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(%)

To determine the Marshall Specimen Density, for each set of six Marshall
specimens, the highest and lowest densities shall be ignored and the
Marshall Specimen Density shall then be the mean of the densities of the
remaining four specimens

As compacted densities shall be determined of samples taken from the

materials laid and compacted for the mix trials as specified, at least four
samples shall be taken on the wearing course materials, under the
direction of the Engineers Representative, and the required percentage
of the Marshall Specimen Density shall be achieved in each case. Testing
shall be in accordance with ASTM D1188 or ASTM D2726.

When the Engineers Representative is satisfied that the materials and

methods demonstrated by the Contractor during the trial laying comply
with the requirements of the Contract, the Engineer shall determine the
job-mix and shall inform the Contractor in writing of its composition. On
receipt of such information, the Contractor may proceed with the work.

310.3 Construction Requirements

The construction requirements shall be in accordance whenever

applicable, with Section 307.3 of the DPWH Standard Specification 2004
Volume II Highways, Bridges and Airports.

310.4 Method of Measurement

The area to be paid for under this item shall be the number of square
meters (m2) of asphalt pavement placed, compacted and accepted based
on the thickness and density of the cores taken in accordance with
subsection 307.3.10(Acceptance, Sampling and Testing).

310.5 Basis of Payment

The accepted quantity, measured as prescribed in Section 310.4, shall be

paid for at the contract unit price for Bituminous Concrete Surface Course,
Hot-Laid, which price and payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing all materials, handling, mixing, hauling, placing, rolling,
compacting, labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to
complete this Item.

Payment will be made under:

Unit of
Item No. Description/Particulars
Measurement
Bituminous Concrete Wearing Course, Hot-
310(1) square meter
Laid (50mm thick)

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