DISEO DE ESCALERAS EN U

ING. LUIS ALFONSO VILLANUEVA TORRES

DATOS :
long. 1er. Tramo (a) 2.00 m
long. 2do. Tramo (b) 2.00 m
b c m
largo descanso (c) 1.00 m
ancho de la escalera 1.35 m
ancho descanso (d) 2.55 m
descanso en el 2do piso 1.00
muro (m) 0.15 m

d
Paso (p) 0.25 m
Sobrepaso (sp) 0.175 m
f'c = 210 Kg/cm2
fy = 4200 Kg/cm2 a c m
Ancho cimiento base de la escalera 0.5 m
Ancho viga de llegada escalera 0.25 m
Espesor (t) = L mayor / 25 0.16 m
Espesor a usar : 0.20 m
f = 34.99
cos 0.82

PRIMER TRAMO

TRAMO INCLINADO: TRAMO HORIZONTAL

METRADO DE CARGAS METRADO DE CARGAS
Peso de la losa inclinada 0.59 T/m2 Peso de la losa 0.48 T/m2
Peso de las gradas 0.21 T/m2
Peso del acabado 0.11 T/m2 Peso del acabado 0.05 T/m2
Peso del revoque interior 0.10 T/m2 Peso del revoque interior 0.06 T/m2
WD = 1.01 T/m2 WD = 0.59 T/m2

Sobrecarga 1.00 T/m2 Sobrecarga 1.00 T/m2

S/C = WL = 1.00 T/m2 S/C = WL = 1.00 T/m2

AMPLIFICACION DE CARGAS (Wu) AMPLIFICACION DE CARGAS (Wu)

RNC (1,50*WD+1,80*WL) 3.31 T/m2 RNC (1,50*WD+1,80*WL) 2.69 T/m2

MODELO ESTRUCTURAL :
Reacciones : 3.31
RA = 5.40 T 2.69
Mx = 5.4 x - 3.31 x^2 /2
Vx = dMx/dx 5.4 - 3.31 x = 0
Para 0 < x < 2.25 ; x = 1.631 m 0.50 2.00 1.00 0.15
RB = 4.94 T 2.25 1.075
M max + = 4.40 T 3.325
X
ARMADURA REQUERIDA (+)
RAA RBB
w = 0.8475-(raiz(.7182-(1.695*M*10^5/(0.9*f'c*b*d^2)) 0.06204 MODELO ESTRUCTURAL
p = f'c*w/fy 0.00310
As = p*b*d 7.12 cm2

VERIFICACION DE LA CUANTIA MAXIMA Y MINIMA

Pmax = 0.01594 OK !!!!
As min = 0.0018*b*d 4.13 cm2 OK !!!!!

Usar : 1/2
n= 6 varillas
s= 0.21 m
Usar: 6 1/2 @ 0.21 m

ARMADURA REQUERIDA (-)

As (-) = As (+)/2 > As temp. As ( - ) 3.56 cm2 Usar As Temp 3/8" @ 0.18

As minimo :
As min = 0.0018*b*d 4.13 cm2
Usar : 3/8
n= 6 varillas
s= 0.22 m
Usar: 6 3/8 @ 0.22 m

MODELO ESTRUCTURAL :
SEGUNDO TRAMO
Con los valores obtenidos para el primer tramo podemos : -1.66 x ^2 3.31
6.86 X 2.69 2.69
Rc = 6.24 Tn 0.310
Mx = 6.24 x - 2.69 x^2 / 2 - 0.62 ( x - 1 ) ^2 /2
Mx = 0.31 + 6.86 x -1.66 x ^2
Para 0 < x < 3.125 0.25 1.00 2.00 1.00 0.15
X= 2.83 m
M max = 6.43 T - m 1.125 2.00 1.075
4.2
ARMADURA REQUERIDA (+) Rc
w = 0.8475-(raiz(.7182-(1.695*M*10^5/(0.9*f'c*b*d^2)) 0.09222 X
p = f'c*w/fy 0.00461
As = p*b*d 10.58 cm2

VERIFICACION DE LA CUANTIA MAXIMA Y MINIMA Diametro

Pmax = 0.01594 OK !!!! pulg.
As min = 0.0018*b*d 4.13 cm2 OK !!!!! 6
0.25
Usar : 1/2 8
n= 9 varillas 0.375
s= 0.14 m 12
Usar: 9 1/2 @ 0.14 m 0.5
0.625
ARMADURA REQUERIDA (-) 0.75
As (-) = As (+)/2 > As temp. As ( - ) 5.29 cm2 Usar As Temp 3/8" @ 0.18 0.875
1
As minimo : 1.125
As min = 0.0018*b*d 4.13 cm2 1.25
Usar : 3/8 1.375
n= 8 varillas
s= 0.16 m
Usar: 8 3/8 @ 0.16 m
ESQUEMA DE ARMADO ESCALERA :

Usar: 8 3/8 @ 0.16 m

Usar As Temp 3/8" @ 0.18

SEGUNDO TRAMO
Usar: 9 1/2
@ 0.14 m
Usar: 8 3/8 @ 0.16 m

. 0.30

Usar: 6 3/8 @ 0.22 m

Usar As Temp 3/8" @ 0.18

Usar: 6 3/8
@ 0.22 m
PRIMER TRAMO

0.70 Usar: 6 1/2

@ 0.21 m

Usar: 6 3/8 @ 0.22 m

 DISEO DE ZAPATA EXCENTRICA
Ing. Angel Choque Contreras

Datos de Diseo:

f'c = 210 kg/cm2

fy = 4200 kg/cm2 0.60
st = 1.7 kg/cm2
gm = 1.63 T/m3
PD = 33.7 Ton 3.20
PL = 6.2 Ton 5.00
S/C = 250 kg/m2 S/C = 250 Kg/cm2
hf = 1.50 m
h libre 1er p. = 3.20 m 1.50 0.90
hviga = 0.60 m
kc = 12.0 kg/cm2 0.60

Diseo Metodo ACI :

sn = st + hf * gm - s/c 14.31 T/m2

Az = P/ sn 2.79 m2
Az = (2b)b

se usa: b= 1.18 m
T=Az/b 2.36 m

Altura de la zapata para considerarla rigida:

hz = 0.51 m
hz = 0.60 m
lc = 4.25 m

Dimensiones de la columna del 1er. Nivel:

bd = 949 cm2 30.8

n= 0.25
seccion de columna = ? 25 x 35
n= 0.27 OK !!!
Datos del Abaco del ACI :
p= 0.12 f= 0.60
s= 0.141 f= 0.17 0.25 2.36
D= 10.27 <10 No Cumple
e= 0.415 0.35

Diseo por Flexion:

a) Direccin de la excentricidad:
d= 50.60 cm
Wnu = 48.85 T/m 1.18
Mumax = 16.84 Tn-m
w = Mu/(f*f'c*b*d^2) 0.01475
p = w*f'c/fy 0.00074
As = p*b*d 8.81 cm2

Verificacion de As min :
As min = 0.0018*b*d
As min = 21.50 cm2

Usar : 1/ 2
n= 17 varillas
s= 0.14 m 1.18
Usar: 17 1/ 2 @ 0.14 m
1/ 2 @ 0.13 m

b) Direccion Transversal :
d= 51.87 cm
Wnu = 24.43 T/m
Mmax = 13.60 T-m 0.25 2.36
lv = 1.055
w = Mu/(f*f'c*b*d^2) 0.02267 0.35
p = w*f'c/fy 0.00113
9

As = p*b*d 6.94 cm2

Verificacion de As min :
As min = 0.0018* 11.02 cm2 17 1/ 2 @ 0.14 m

Usar : 1/ 2
n= 9 varillas
s= 0.13 m
Usar: 9 1/ 2 @ 0.13 m

VIGA:
TU = 5.29 Tn
As = 1.40 cm2 Refuerzo adicion

COLUMNA: Condicion de Diseo Adicional

Pu = 57.663 Tn
Mu = 20.98 T-m
k= 0.31
e/t = 1.19
g= 0.64
pt < 1 %
As = 8.75 cm2
Usar : 1/ 2
n= 7 varillas

Usar: 7 1/ 2
s < 16*db longitudinal 0.20 m
s < 48*db estribos 0.46 m
s < menor dimension tranversal de la columna 0.25 m
Estribos :  3/8 @ 0.2 m
 DISEO DE ZAPATA AISLADA
Ing. Angel Choque Contreras

DATOS NECESARIOS PARA EL DISEO: N.P.T. 0.15 m

PD = 35.88 Tn N.T.N. 0m
PL = 13.9 Tn
S/C piso = 400 Kg/cm2
f'c = 210 Kg/cm2
fy = 4200 Kg/cm2
gm= 1.63 Tn/m3 hf = 1.5m Df =1.35 m
st= 1.70 Kg/cm2
hf = 1.50 m
N.P.T. = 0.15 m
N.T.N. = 0.00 m
Df = 1.35 m

DIMENSIONES DE LA COLUMNA :
n= 0.45
Ps = 1.25*(PD + PL) 62.23 Tn
f'c = 210 Kg/cm2
b*D = Ps/(n*f'c) 658.47 cm2 25.66 x 25.66 cm

Usar : Area
t= 0.35 m 875 cm2 OK !!!
s= 0.25 m

ESFUERZO NETO DEL TERRENO :

s n = s t- gprom*hf - S/C
sn= 14.16 Tn/m2
Azap = P/sn
Azap = 3.52 m2 1.88 x 1.88 m2

Para Cumplir lv1 = lv2 1.93

T= 1.93 m
S= 1.83 m

lv1 = lv2 0.79

0.79 CONFORME !!! 0.35

REACCION NETA DEL TERRENO: 0.25 1.83

WNU = Pu/AZAP
Pu = 1.4*PD+1.7*PL 73.862 Tn
WNU = 21.02 Tn/m2

DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA ALTURA hz DE LA ZAPATA :

POR PUNZONAMIENTO:
Condicion de Diseo : Vu/f = Vc

Vu/f = 1/f*(Pu-Wu(t+d)(s+d)) .. (1)

Bc = Dmayor/Dmenor
Bc = 1.40 < 2 vc = 1.06*raiz(f'c)

Vc = 1.06*raiz(f'c)*bo*d .. (2)
donde:
bo = 2(t+d)+2(s+d)

(1) = (2)
Ecuacion: 574.02*d^2+178.51*d-72.02=0 276.50

a= 574.02
b= 178.51
c= -72.02

d= 0.23 m X1 = 0.23
X2 = -0.54
Usar h = 0.60 m
d= 0.51 m OK !!!

VERIFICACION POR CORTANTE :

Vdu = (Wu*S)(lv-d) N.P.T. 0.15 m
Vdu = 10.81 Tn N.T.N. 0m
Vn = Vdu/f 12.01 Tn
Vc = 0,53*RAIZ(f'c)*b*d
Vc = 70.92 Tn > Vn OK !!!
0.75
DISEO POR FLEXION :
Mu =(Wu*S)*lv ^2 /2 1.50
Mu = 11.90 Tn-m
w = Mu/(f*f'c*b*d^2) 0.0135
p = w*f'c/fy 0.0007 Usar: 9 1/ 2 @ 0.22 m
0.60
As = p*b*d 6.22 cm2
Verificacion de As min : N.F.Z. -1.35 m
As min = 0.0018*b*d
As min = 16.62 cm2 Usar: 13 1/ 2 @ 0.14 m

Usar : 1/ 2
n= 13 varillas
s= 0.14 m 1.93
Usar: 13 1/ 2 @ 0.14 m

@ 0.22 m
EN DIRECCION TRANSVERSAL :
Ast = As*t/s
Ast = 17.53 cm2

1/ 2
Usar 5/ 8
Usar : n= 9 varillas 2 0.0159 1.83
s= 0.22 m 2 0.0159

Usar: 9
Usar: 9 1/ 2 @ 0.22 m 2 0.0159
2 0.0159
LONGITUD DE DESARROLLO DEL REFUERZO : 2 0.0159
Longitud disponible para cada barra : 2 0.0159
Ld = lv-r 2 0.0159 Usar: 13 1/ 2 @ 0.14 m
Ld = 0.713 m 0 0.0000
0 0.0000
Para barras en traccion : 0 0.0000
N11 0 0.0000
ld = 0.06*Ab*fy/raiz(f'c) 0.0057*db*fy 0 0.0000
30 cm 0 0.0000
ld = 49.56 45.61 OK!!!
30.00 OK!!!
Como el espaciamiento es de 22 cm > 15 cm
lde = ld*ld = 0.80* ld
lde = 39.65 cm < Ld = 71.26 cm Ok!!!

TRANSFERENCIA DE FUERZA EN LA INTERFASE DE COLUMNA Y CIMENTACION

a. Resistencia al aplastamiento sobre la columna :
Pn = Pu/
Pn = 105.52 Tn

Resistencia al aplastamiento en la columna :

Pnb = 0.85*f'c*Ac
Pnb = 156.19 Tn
Pn < Pnb Ok !!!

b. Resistencia al aplastamiento en el concreto de la cimentacion :

Pn = 105.52 Tn
Pnb = 0.85*f'c*Ao
Ao = raiz(A2/A1)*Acol 2*Acol
Xo = 1.38 m
A2 = 2.65 m2
Ao = 5.50 > 2
Usar Ao = 2*Ac
Pnb = 312.375 Tn > Pn Ok !!!

DOWELLS ENTRE COLUMNA Y CIMENTACION:

Si : Pn Pnb
entonces : As min = 0,005 Ac ; con 4f como minimo
As min = 4.38 cm2