Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores

globales de un problema parabolico discretizado via

elementos finitos

Rodiak Nicolai Figueroa Lopez

y German Jesus Lozada Cruz

Departamento de Matematicas
IBILCE/UNESP - Sao Jose do Rio Preto - Brasil

Seminario en el IMCA:
En honor al Profesor Julio Cesar Alcantara Bode
20 de Diciembre del 2013

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Global Attractor for a parabolic problem

We consider the problem

ut = Lu + f (u), t > 0, x

u(t, x) = 0, t > 0, x (1)

u(0, x) = u 0 (x),

where u 0 H01 (), Rn is a bounded domain with smooth

boundary , L is second order elliptic operator given by
n n
X  u  X u
Lu = aij (x) + bj (x) + (c(x) + )u, (2)
xi xj xj
i,j=1 j=1

with coefficients aij , bj , c : R smooth, R and

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

f : R R is a nonlinear function of class C 2 (R) satisfying

|f 0 (s)| C (1 + |s|1 ), s R, (C)

n+2
where 1 < n2 if n 3, and 1 if n = 2, and

f (u)
lim sup 0. (D)
|u| u

We assume that L is uniformly strongly elliptic operator, that is,

there is a constant > 0 such that
n
X n
X 
aij (x)i j k2 ,
i,j=1 k=1

for all x , = (1 , ..., n ) Rn with aij = aji , i, j = 1, ..., n.

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Let X = L2 () be and define the linear operator
A : D(A) X X by Au = Lu and D(A) = H 2 () H01 ().
We assume that is chosen such that Re (A) > 0. Then,
X 1 = D(A), X 0 = L2 () and X 1/2 = H01 ().
With this notation, the problem (1) can be written in the abstract
form (
u + Au = F (u)
(AP0 )
u(0) = u 0 X 1/2 ,

where F : X 1/2 X is given by F (u(t))x = f (u(x, t)).

From condition (C) and (D), we obtain that the problem (AP0 )
has a global solution in the space X 1/2 ( See Arrieta; Carvalho and
Rodrguez-Bernal [1]).

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

This allows us to define the nonlinear semigroup {T (t, ) : t > 0}
associated of the problem (AP0 ) as follows u(t, u 0 ) = T (t, u 0 )
com u 0 X 1/2 where
Z t
tA 0
0
T (t, u ) = e u + e (ts)A F (T (s, u 0 ))ds, t 0. (3)
0

Also, the nonlinear semigroup {T (t, ) : t > 0} has a global

attractor A in X 1/2 and

sup kukL () < , (4)

uA

(See Arrieta; Carvalho and Rodrguez-Bernal [1] and, Cholewa and

Dlotko [1]). The bounded in (4) allows us to cut the nonlinearity
of the f so that f , f 0 and f 00 be bounded without changing the
attractor.

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

The discretization of Rn will be made via the method of finite
elements with subdivision of diameter equal to h > 0 as developed
in Fujita e Mizutani [3]. To be more specific we search a family
{T h }h(0,1] of quasi uniform subdivisions. Thus, it follows that
1/2
there is a finite dimensional space Xh X 1/2 C ().
1/2
Now, we define the projection Ph : X Xh with respect the
scalar product of X . The operator of aproximation
1/2 1/2
Ah : Xh Xh of A is define by
1/2
hAh h , h i = (h , h ), h , h Xh .

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

With this in mind, we can establish the discretization of the
problem (1) and write it in the form
(
uh + Ah uh = Fh (uh )
1/2 (APh )
uh (0) = uh0 Xh ,

1/2 1/2
where Fh := Ph F : Xh Xh for all h (0, 1]. We denote by
t 7 Th (t, uh0 ) the solution t 7 uh (t, uh0 ) of the problem (APh ). In
Arrieta; Carvalho and Rodrguez-Bernal [1] it can be seen that the
nonlinear discretization semigroup {Th (t, ) : t 0} has a
1/2
attractor Ah in Xh for all h (0, 1]. Also, Th (t, ) is given by the
formula of constants variation
Z t
tAh 0
0
Th (t, uh ) = e uh + e (ts)Ah Fh (Th (s, uh0 ))ds, t 0. (5)
0

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

The main objective of this work is to show the continuity of the
family of attractors {Ah }h(0,1] when h 0 (where A0 = A) in
the sense of Pconvergence given in Vainikko [2] and present
rates of this continuity in the spaces X and X 1/2 .
P h0
uh u kuh Ph ukX s 0.
More specifically,

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Theorem
Let {Th (t) : t 0} be the nonlinear gradient semigroup associated
to the problem (APh ) with global attractor Ah , h [0, 1]. We
suppose that there are (0, 1/2), h0 > 0, L > 0, > 0 and
C > 0 such that

kTh (t)uh0Ph T (t)u 0 kX s Ce Lt t 2(1s)s (kuh0 Ph u 0 kX +h4(1s) ),

for all t > 0, s = 0, 1/2. Moreover, the points E = {u1 , , up} are
hyperbolics. Then, for all h (0, h0),
, , u }
(i) The semigroup {Th (t) : t 0} has a set Eh = {u1,h p,h
P u k s ch22s ,
and them are all hyperbolic, kui,h h i X
1 i p and
[p

Ah = W u (ui,h );
i=1

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Theorem
(ii) There is > 0 such that given B X 1/2 bounded, there is
c = c(B) > 0 such that
s
dHX (Th (t)B, Ah ) ce t for all t 1;

(iii) There is C > 0 such that

s s 4(1s)
dHX (Ah , Ph A0 ) + dHX (Ph A0 , Ah ) Ch +L ,
s
where dHX (A, B) = sup inf ka bkX s with A, B X is the
aA bB
Hausdorff semi-distance in the space X s .

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Discretization of parabolic problems via FEM

Definition
Let Rn be a given domain and let {T h }h(0,1] be a family of
subdivisions such that

max{diam(T ) : T T h } h diam(). (6)

The family {T h }h(0,1] is said to be quasi-uniform if there exists

> 0 such that

min{diam(BT ) : T T h } h diam(), h (0, 1], (7)

where BT is the largest ball contained in T such that T is

star-shaped with respect to BT .

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Figura : Example of a T T h star-shaped with respect to ball BT in R2 .

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Theorem
Let {T h }h(0,1] be a quasi-uniform family of subdivisions of a
polyhedral domain Rn and (K , P, N ) the reference element,
satisfying
(i) K is star-shaped with respect a some ball,
(ii) Pm1 P W m, (K ) and

0
(iii) N C l (K ) .
Suposse 1 p and or m l n/p > 0 when p > 1 or
m l n 0 when p = 1. For all T T h , h (0, 1], let
(T , PT , NT ) be the afin-equivalence element. Then, there exist a
positive constant C depending of the reference element, n, m, p
and in (7) such that for 0 ` m,

k I h kW `,p () Chm` ||W m,p () , W m,p (). (8)

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

We generalize the following results for n 2 that were studied in
Fujita and Mizutani [3], for R2 following the ideas of Brenner
and Scott [1].
Theorem
There is a constant C > 0 and an acute angle 1 such that for any
a X and z S0,1 = {z C : 6 | arg(z)| 6 }, we have

k(z A)1 a (z Ah )1 Ph akX 1/2 6 ChkakX ,

k(z A)1 a (z Ah )1 Ph akX 6 Ch2 kakX ,
k(z A)1 a (z Ah )1 Ph akX 6 Ch|z|1/2 kakX .

Lemma

kPh v v kX s Ch22s |v |H 2 () , v X and s = 0, 1/2. (9)

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Lemma
1/2 1/2
The family of operators A1
h : Xh Xh with h (0, 1]
compactly converges for the operator A1 : X X with

kA1 1
h Ph v Ph A v kX Ch
s
2(1s)
kv kX , v X e s = 0, 1/2.
(10)

Consider the family of linear operators {Ah : D(Ah ) Xh

Xh , h [0, 1]} and we suppose that, for all h [0, 1],

CC
Ah close,compact resolvent, 0 (Ah ), and A1 1
h A0 . (Hh )

Corollary
1/2
The operator Ah L (Xh ) satisfies the condition (Hh ) for all
h [0, 1].

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Proposition

If (A + V0 ) : D(A) X X has bounded inverse for some

bounded operator V0 , then there is a h0 > 0 such that

k(Ah + Ph V0 )1 Ph Ph (A + V0 )1 kL (X ,X s ) Ch22s , s = 0, 1/2,

(11)
for all h (0, h0 ] and where a constant C > 0 does not depended
of h.
Proof.

(Ah + Ph V0 )1 Ph Ph (A + V0 )1
= [I (Ah + Ph V0 )1 Ph V0 ](A1 1 1
h Ph Ph A )[I V0 (A + V0 ) ].

Lemma
The set Eh is bounded uniformly in X 1/2 , for all h [0, 1].
Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales
Proposition

If uh Pconverges for u , then

kuh Ph u kX s Ch22s , s = 0, 1/2, (12)

for all h (0, h0 ] and where C > 0 does not depended of h.

1/2
We define the operators Vh = Ph F 0 (uh ) L (Xh ) and
V0 = F 0 (u ) L (X 1/2 , X ). Also, we denote by Wh = Vh + b
and W0 = V0 + b with b R such that Wh and W0 are positive
operators.
Corollary

In the conditions of the Proposition 0.11, follows

kVh Ph V0 kX s Ch22s , s = 0, 1/2. (13)

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

With this, we written h = Ah + Wh , the operator h is sectorial in
1/2
Xh since the operator Ah is sectorial and the linear operator Wh
is bounded, and
M
k(z h )1 kL (X ,X s ) , z S0,1 , h [0, 1] e s [0, 1].
|z|1s
(14)
Corollary

There are C = C (1 ) > 0 e h0 > 0, such that

k(z h )1 Ph Ph (z 0 )1 kL (X ,X s ) Ch4(1s) |z|(1s)(21) ,

(15)
for all z S0,1 , s = 0, 1/2, (0, 1/2) e h (0, h0 ].

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Remark
CC
From (10) and (13), follows A1 1
h Vh A V0 . Since
wh (uh , v ) = Ah Fh (uh + v ) Ah Fh (uh ) A1
1 1 0
h Fh (uh )v . It has,

kwh (uh , v )kX s C kv k2X 1/2 , s = 0, 1/2.

Theorem
We assume (Hh ) and the Remark 0.14 holds.
If u E is a equilibria point such that 0 / (A F 0 (u )), then
there exist a 0 > 0 so that there is a unique uh Eh B(Ph u , 0 ).
Moreover, if u E satisfies that 0 / (A F 0 (u )), then there is
a odd number finite r of elements in E = {u1 , . . . , ur }. In this
case, there exists a h0 > 0 such that Eh has exactly r elements
, . . . , u , for all h h and u P
uh,1 h,r 0 h,i ui .
Moreover, if u is hyperbolic then uh and also is.

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

We consider the semigroup generated by h , given by
Z
h t 1
e := e zt (z h )1 dz, h [0, 1]. (16)
2i 1

Proposition
There are constants C = C (1 ), b R, h0 > 0 and (0, 1/2)
such that

ke (Ah +Vh )t Ph Ph e (A+V0 )t kL (X ,X s ) Ce bt t 2(s1)s h4(1s) ,

(17)
for all t > 0, s = 0, 1/2 and h (0, h0 ].

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

We can decompose the space X 1/2 for the projection operator
Q0+ (0+ ) determinated by 0+ , that is,
Z
1
+ + +
Q0 := Q0 (0 ) = [z (A + V0 )]1 dz.
2i +

1/2
Now, we decompose the space Xh for the projection operator
1/2 1/2
Qh+ (h+ ) : Xh Xh given by
Z
1
Qh+ := Qh+ (h+ ) = [z (Ah + Vh )]1 dz, (18)
2i +

for all h sufficiently small.

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

 +

h-
d
h+ g
1
+

Figura : Curvas +
e .

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Proposition
There are constants C > 0, h0 > 0 and (0, 1/2) such that

ke (Ah +Vh )t Ph (I Qh+ ) Ph e (A+V0 )t (I Q0+ )kL (X ,X s )

Ce t t 2(s1)s h4(1s) ,

for all h (0, h0 ], t > 0, s = 0, 1/2, and

ke (Ah +Vh )t Ph (I Qh+ )kL (X ,X s ) Ce t t s , (19)

for all h [0, h0 ], t > 0 e s = 0, 1/2.

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

 Theorem
Let T (t, u 0 ) and Th (t, uh0 ) be the solutions of the integral
equations (3) and (5), respectively. Moreover, given R > 0,
(0, 1/2) and 0 < t0 < := min{ (u 0 ), (uh0 )} with
kT (t, u 0 )kX 1/2 R and kTh (t, uh0 )kX 1/2 R, for all t [0, t0 ].
Then, there are constants C > 0 and L > 0 such that

kTh (t, uh0 )Ph T (t, u 0 )kX s Ce Lt t 2(1s)s (kuh0 Ph u 0 kX +h4(1s)),

t > 0 e s = 0, 1/2.

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Theorem
Let u be a hyperbolic equilibria of (AP0 ). Then, we know that
there exists a unique uh Eh sufficiently close of Ph u for all
h [0, h0 ]. For D > 0, M > 0, > 0 and 0 < < 1 given, let
0 > 0 be such that for all 0 < 0 ,

M s1 (1 s) D, M 2 (1 + ) s1 (1 s)

M(1 + ) ,
2  
s1 M(1 + )
M(1 s) 1+ <1
M(1 + )
1
M s1 (1s)+2 M 2 (1+) 1 [2 M(1+)]s1 (1s) .
2

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Theorem
Then, there are Sh : Wh+ Wh such that

|||Sh |||X s := sup kSh (v )kX s D,

v Wh+

kSh (v )Sh (v )kX s kv v kW +

h

for s = 0, 1/2 and, the unstable manifold of uh is given as the

graph of the map Sh , for

Whu := Whu (uh ) = {(vh , zh ) X 1/2 : zh = Sh (vh ), vh Wh+ }.

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Theorem
Moreover, there are 1 > 0 and M 1 independent of h such that

kzh (t)Sh (vh (t))kX s Me 1 (tt0 ) kzh (t0 )Sh (vh (t0 ))kX s ,

for all t t0 and s = 0, 1/2, during the period of the orbit

(vh (t), zh (t)) remains the neighborhood of uh .
Consequently, there is C0 > 0 such that

|||Sh Ph Ph S0 |||X s C0 h4(1s) ,

for all h (0, h0 ].

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Theorem
Suppose {T (t) : t 0} the family of semigroup has global
attractos A for all [0, 1]. We assume, there are 0 > 0, > 0,
a bounded set B0 [0,0 ] A , such that for each bounded set
B X , there exist a constant c = c(B) > 0 such that

dH (T (t)B0 , A ) c e t , for all [0, 0 ] e t 1. (20)

Also, suppose there are c and L > 0 such that

d(T (t)u, T0 (t)v ) ce Lt (d(u, v ) + ), (21)

para todo u, v B0 , [0, 0 ] e t 1.

Then,
dH (A , A0 ) + dH (A0 , A ) c +L . (22)

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

Gracias !!!!!!!!!!!!!

Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales

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Rodiak Figueroa Lopez Tasas de la Pcontinuidad de los atractores globales