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VARILUX X SERIES LENSES

EXTENDED RANGES OF VISION


W H IT E PA P E R
Online publication, Points de Vue,
International Review of Ophthalmic Optics,
www.pointsdevue.com, April 2017

SBASTIEN FRICKER
DR. MARTHA HERNANDEZ- CASTANEDA
MLANIE HESLOUIS
VALRIE JOLIVET
CHARLES LEBRUN
DR. DAMIEN PAILL
BENJAMIN ROUSSEAU
VARILUX X SERIES
EXTENDED R ANGES OF VISION

S bastien FRICKER C harles LEBRUN


M S c , R&D Study M anager , E ssilor C enter M S c , R&D Study M anager , E ssilor C enter
o f I n n ovat i o n & Tec h n o lo gy E u ro p e o f I n n ovat i o n & Tec h n o lo gy E u ro p e

Sbastien Fricker graduated as a Physics Charles Lebrun joined the Essilor R&D
Engineer from Ecole Polytechnique (Palaiseau, Consumer Experience team based in Crteil
France) in 2000 and obtained a masters in after a masters degree in optometry and
electrical engineering from the University vision sciences. During his graduate program,
of Michigan (Ann Arbor, USA) in 2002. he worked in the fields of clinical research
He worked for 10 years in Research and in French and Indian Hospitals, as well as
Development in the optical metrology a volunteer participant and manager of
industry. Sbastien joined Essilor Research humanitarian missions in West Africa. He
and Development in 2012, where he works has been working within the Consumer
on ophthalmic lens design methods and lens Experience team on wearer tests and ins-
performance modeling. trumentations.

D r . Martha HERNANDEZ- D r . Damien PAILL


CASTANEDA B S c O p tom ; M S c ; P h D, S en i o r V isi o n
S c i en t is t , E ss i lo r C en t er o f I n n ovat i o n
The Varilux S Series lens was the first premium pro- O p tom e t r is t OD, P h D, S en i o r V is i o n
& Tec h n o lo gy E u ro p e
S c i en t is t , E ss i lo r C en t er o f I n n ovat i o n
gressive lens to provide a wide field of view without ha- & Tec h n o lo gy E u ro p e
Dr. Damien Pail is a member of Essilor Inter-
ving to compromise on the edges of the lenses, where Dr. Martha Hernandez-Castaneda is a member
nationals optical research and development
team, based in Paris, France. Damien holds
the so-called swim effect impairs vision. of Essilor Internationals optical research and a degree in optometry and practiced as an
development team, based in Paris, France. optician before completing and defending a
Martha graduated from the University doctoral thesis in 2005 in cognitive sciences
It was based on state-of-the-art optics and advanced Colombia La Salle College of Optometry. at the University of Paris VIII, in collabora-
She holds a degree in optometry OD and tion with the College de France and Renault.
knowledge of wearer physiology, with two sophisticated completed her training with a doctoral He then pursued post-doctoral studies at
thesis in 1992 in binocular vision at Ecole des
technologies at its core: Nanoptix and Synchroneyes. Hautes Etudes of Paris, in collaboration with
the Laboratory for Perception and Motion
Control in Virtual Environments (a joint
The former re-engineers the lens structure to dramati- the Foundation Rothschild. Before joining Renault-CNRS laboratory), before joining
Essilor, she worked in low vision and Essilor Internationals research and develop-
cally reduce the swim effect, and the latter takes into binocular vision, participating in surgeries ment team in 2007. He currently works in the
on strabismus and motility troubles. Her
account the difference between the two eyes to enlarge others specialties are Virtual Simulation
Vision Sciences department.
and practice clinical in refraction. She is
the binocular field of vision. member of Essilor since 1993. She currently
works in the Vision Sciences department.
Despite these significant advances, lifestyle changes She has been a member the Federation of
Colombian optometrists (FEDOPTO) since 2005.
mean that even highly advanced lenses like Varilux S B enjamin ROUSSEAU
M S c ., C o n su m er I n n ovat i o n M a n ag er ,
Series lenses fall short of wearer expectations. Indeed, E ss i lo r C en t er o f I n n ovat i o n
presbyopia presents both those who suffer from it and & Tec h n o lo gy E u ro p e

eyecare practitioners with special challenges today. This M l anie HESLOUIS Benjamin Rousseau graduated as a Physics
M S c , O p t i c a l en g i n eer , E ss i lo r C en t er Engineer from Ecole Suprieure dOptique
is particularly true for near vision. Finding a lens that al- (IOGS Palaiseau, France) in 2003 and ob-
o f I n n ovat i o n & Tec h n o lo gy E u ro p e
lows the wearer to switch from distance vision to near or tained his masters in optics and photonics.
Benjamin joined Essilor Research and De-
Mlanie Heslouis joined Essilor in 2007 after
even intermediate vision with as seamless as possible a receiving her physics/optics engineering
velopment in 2002, where he worked on
ophthalmic lens design, simulation and per-
transition is not always easy. degree from Centrale Marseille. She went on
sonalization. He is now in charge of global
to join Essilors Optics Department, working
programs dedicated to delivering the next
on new product development. Her work has
generation of progressive lenses and pro-
Essilor s new Varilux X series lens builds on its focused on the conception and design of
ducts, including the Varilux X series program.
progressive lenses since 2011.
Varilux S Series lens to meet the challenges modern
life poses for wearers of progressive lenses and ensure
a level never before reached by a premium progressive
lens offer. Whats more, its Xtend technology delivers
Valrie JOLIVET
additional benefits for todays demands for near vision. M S c , R&D Study M anager , E ssilor C enter
o f I n n ovat i o n & Tec h n o lo gy E u ro p e

Valrie Jolivet is a member of Essilor Inter-


nationals optical research and development
team, based in Paris, France. Valrie holds a
Master of Science degree in statistics. She
KEYWORDS: worked for 5 years in the pharmaceutical
industry as a bio-statistician before joining
arms length vision, near vision, multiple near distances, Essilor International in 1995. After working
seamless transitions, acuity model, volume of acuity, peri- as Quality Engineer, she has worked in
the Consumer Experience department
pheral vision, premium progressive lens, Varilux X series, since 2008.
Xtend technology, Nanoptix, Synchroneyes

2 3
VARILUX X SERIES
EXTENDED R ANGES OF VISION

I . V ISUA L NEEDS
& T HE L ENS/ W E A RER MODEL

1. MULTIPLE NEARS 2. THE VISUAL NEEDS 3. VISUAL ACUIT Y 4 . ADDITION PRESCRIPTION


FOR THE MULTIPLE NEARS
For the past two-and-half decades, static situations The eyes ability to perceive and resolve fine Ametropia must be corrected with the maximum
and reading in seated positions have been the references When it comes to near vision, reading is perhaps details of an object or text is known as visual acuity, and it convex for the best acuity. Any undercorrection of hyper-
used by professionals and manufacturers for addressing the most important activity and most demanding in terms depends on the clarity of the image projected on the retina. metropia or overcorrection of myopia must be avoided so
near vision in progressive lenses (Meister, 2006; Cochener, of visual performance. It is a central part of our lives in Sharpness of resolution, or Minimum Angle of Resolution as not to require a higher addition for near vision.
Albou-Ganem & Renard, 2012; Maitenaz & Chauveau, 1999; todays society. Not only does it take place in a wide array (MAR), is commonly used to express it. MAR represents
Miege & Pedrono, 1993; Meslin, 2006). of environments, with many different types of text and the minimum angle of separation that enables the eye to Indeed, the addition prescription is of the utmost importance
dynamic tasks, but it requires precise vision and involves distinguish between two distinct objects. for visual quality in near vision.
Varilux Comfort lenses were optimized according to this, accurate eye movements.
with power corresponding to 85 to 100% of the prescribed A MAR of 1 arcminute (equal to 1/60 of one degree), which As an individual goes about daily life, their eyes must adapt
addition. These values are roughly those needed for reading Among other things, it involves perceptual aspects such corresponds to 0 LogMAR (i.e. Logarithm of the MAR), is to the varying distances separating them from objects in their
an A4 sheet of paper at a distance of 40 cm (FIGURE 1). as letter and word recognition, which are obviously crucial usually considered normal (expressed in feet it equals 20/20 line of sight. This is known as accommodation and allows
for wearers of progressive lenses. and in meters 6/6). With respect to text and reading, this the eyes to keep objects in sharp focus. Crystallin shape
As this conception of near vision is clearly outdated, Essi- means the eye is able to make out a letter of which any detail modification is the reason for this phenomenon (Millodot,
lor R&D has updated it for the digital age by taking into The reader acquires textual information on several levels: subtends 1 arcminute, assuming the entire letter is five times Goumillout & Pouget, 1997).
account the many different near tasks and activities that letters, words and sentences are processed (Perrin, 2015). the size of the detail (FIGURE 3).
can be performed at an arms length today. In addition to Visual acuity, as measured by the eye care practitioner Addition is the amount of power in diopters (D) that is
static tasks, wearers today need to be able to multitask. (Snellen acuity), is the most important measurement for When reading at a distance of 40 cm, visual acuity of 0.1 needed to compensate for a loss of accommodation in near
These different tasks can be considered to correspond to the reader. LogMAR is sufficient, and at a distance between 50 and vision. With respect to the latter, this loss typically happens
multiple nears. 70 cm 0.15 LogMAR is enough. around 40 years of age and results from a hardening of the
Once the reader recognizes the letter, higher processes lens of the eye and its subsequent inability to change shape.
Varilux X series lenses are designed with these multi- involving orthographic and phonological information come
ple nears in mind, covering visual needs within a range of into play (Grainger & Ferrand, 1994; Coltheart, Rastle, Perry,
between 40 and 70 cm from the wearer, roughly equiva- Langdon & Ziegler, 2001). Together, they allow the reader
lent to an arms length (FIGURE 2). By doing this, Essilor to comprehend the elements read.
has optimized global vision. FIGURE 3. MAR FOR VIEWING A LETTER

F I G U R E 1. N E A R D I S TA N C E I N P R E V I O U S F I G U R E 2 . M U LT I P L E N E A R S
G E N E R AT I O N O F P R O G R E S S I V E L E N S E S W I T H VA R I L U X X S E R I E S L E N S E S

DISTANCE
SINCE THE 90S 2017 VARILUX X SERIES LENS
A SINGLE NEAR MULTIPLE NEARS

X-HEIGHT
FV +4
85% 100% add
0
IV Angle subtended by
a detail of the letter
NV -8

-14

(add 2.00) -20

mm

1 NEAR DISTANCE MULTIPLE NEAR DISTANCES


1 static plane at 40 cm Sphere at arms length

4 5
II . X T END T ECHNOL O GY

5. ACUIT Y MODEL The acuity a wearer attains from the use of both eyes is in 1. NEW ALV ZONE ON THE LENS 2. THE XTEND TECHNOLOGY
most cases higher than the best acuity of each eye. This is
Essilor has developed a new calculator that is able known as binocular summation and represents a roughly For an individual with a 2.5D addition and no For a wearer of progressive lenses, visual acuity in the
to manage higher complexity in lenses. It takes into account 10% improvement at high contrast. residual accommodation, a distance of 70 cm represents multiple nears is clearly paramount. Simply put, the pro-
an acuity model to predict the loss measured in LogMAR a proximity of 1/0.7, which equals 1.43D. This means about per acuity for the different distances will allow the wearer
in sharpness of vision when the wearer is looking at a given 6. SYNCHRONEYES & NANOPTIX 60% of the total prescribed addition is used for what is to seamlessly transition from one near to another.
object through a particular lens. Essilor has perfected its generally considered to be in the intermediate vision.
new calculator to take into account the model to generate Not only does the acuity model allow Essilor to To achieve this, Essilor has developed its Xtend technology
acuity targets and evaluate the performance of lenses. optimize lenses, it also enhances its Synchroneyes and The zone of the lens that corresponds to between 60 and to greatly enhance the Varilux X series lens performance
Nanoptix technologies. The former uses the prescription 85% of the addition and is often included in what is re- with the multiple nears and in particular with arms length
The loss in acuity when a wearer looks through a lens at a for both eyes to calculate the addition for the lenses as ferred to as arms length vision is neither intermediate vision. It generates uniquely optimized acuity buffers that
given point depends on the following parameters: a pair, ensuring they take into account the eyes working nor near. This new arms length vision (ALV) zone com- temper each addition variation to boost depth of field and
together as a whole visual system. This improves retinal plements the typical near vision zone (FIGURE 5). As enhance the local surface shape to widen the acuity volume.
The power of the lens image matching, which means the wearer has better spatial such, it is more and more important in todays digital wor-
The astigmatism of the lens perception and more expansive vision across the entire ld, with devices often held at arms length. The buffers, which are on a scale of the Nanoptix elements,
lens. represent an improvement of the Nanoptix structure.
The proximity of the object Thanks to Xtend technology, the surface of the lens is
The accommodation of the wearer The latter technology literally re-engineers the lens sur- optimized like never before.
face to allow light to pass through each optical element,
In addition to this, the sphere and cylinder of the lens have preventing the unwanted deviation of light that results in By targeting the wearers acuity value, Xtend technology
a direct impact on the visual acuity performance obtained the so-called swim effect at the edges of the lenses. This maintains the highest level of sharpness for each distance
with the lens (FIGURE 4). translates into better peripheral vision for the wearer. and as a result maximizes the overall visual acuity volume.

F I G U R E 4 . F R O M P O W E R A N D A S T I G M AT I S M M A P S T O A C U I T Y M A P F I G U R E 5 . M U LT I P L E N E A R S O N A N A C U I T Y FIGURE 6. THE ACUIT Y BUFFERS ON


FIELD MAP FOR A -3.00 ADDITION 2.00 LENS T H E S U R FA C E O F A VA R I L U X X S E R I E S L E N S

NB: The figure shows a schematic il-


lustration from power and astigmatism
maps to acuity maps, with a comparison
between Standard Varilux lenses and
the Varilux X series lenses.

Power Ast

NB: FV (Far Vision) represents less than a 15% addition, IV


(Intermediate Vision) is between 15 and 60%, ALV (Arms
Length Vision) 60 and 85% and NV (Near Vision) represents
an addition from 85 to 100%.

6 7
VARILUX X SERIES
EXTENDED R ANGES OF VISION

III . T HE PERF ORM A NCE


OF T HE VA RIL UX X SERIES L ENS

1. OPTICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE LENS 2. LENS PERFORMANCE & WEARER TESTS

One way of testing the Varilux X series lens FIGURES 7 & 8 clearly illustrate the improvement Essilor carried out two studies on the Varilux X With respect to distance, intermediate and near vision
performance is to calculate the volume of acuity a wearer in volume both in depth and in breadth for the wearer series lens, one international and one French. The former wearers gave a rating using the same scale, plus a 10-point
needs in relation to the acuity threshold to be able to when it comes to arms length vision.
looked at the overall performance of the lens. As can be seen scale ranging from very narrow to very wide; for each
perform a visual task with a sufficient level of acuity.
Specifically, Xtend technology maintains the loss in near from FIGURE 10, an overwhelming percentage of wearers distance, the average of the ratings from both scales was
As can be seen in the figures below, the Xtend technology vision visual acuity above the 0.15 LogMAR threshold, re- enjoyed high-quality vision, whatever the distance, interme- calculated to obtain a global visual quality criterion. In both
improves the Varilux X series lens performance markedly sulting in a longer range of vision and a larger area of diate or near. For overall and dynamic vision wearers gave a cases 7 to 10 on the scales represented good visual quality.
when the wearer is looking at a particular object. sharp sight (FIGURE 9). rating on a 10-point scale from not clear at all to very clear.

F I G U R E 7. A N A C U I T Y V O L U M E C O M PA R I S O N O F
F I G U R E 9 . A C U I T Y L O S S A S A F U N C T I O N O F H O R I Z O N TA L F I E L D O F V I E W F O R T H R E E D I S TA N C E S
T H E VA R I L U X S S E R I E S L E N S & T H E VA R I L U X X S E R I E S L E N S

NV=35 NV=35

Va r i l u x X
UP TO
100% Va r i l u x S

VARILUX S SERIES VARILUX X SERIES


NB: The Varilux S Series lens is compared to the Varilux X series lens over three distances for a - 3.00D Addition 2.00 lens.

NB: The performance of the Varilux S Series lens (left) is compared to that of the Varilux X series lens (right) for a wearer with a - 3.00
Add 2.00 lens. The purple zone represents near vision up to 50cm, with an addition above 85%. The blue zone represents intermediate F I G U R E 10 . P E R C E N TA G E O F W E A R E R S W I T H G O O D V I S U A L Q U A L I T Y
vision. The beige zone for the Varilux X series lens represents an addition from 60 to 85%. W I T H T H E VA R I L U X X D E S I G N L E N S

F I G U R E 8 . T H E A C U I T Y V O L U M E C O M PA R I S O N S E E N F R O M A B O V E
88%
Overall Vision
100%

Dynamic Vision
(wearer moving) Distance Vision
89% 50% 91%

0%

UP TO
100% Dynamic Vision Intermediate Vision
(surroundings moving) 83%
88%

VARILUX S SERIES VARILUX X SERIES

Near Vision
79% International multicenter study (n=66)
NB: Figure 7 and 8 do not give intrinsic characteristics of the Varilux X series lens. Both illustrate the differences in performance for
the same average wearer, characterized by an accommodation model.

8 9
Wearers also rated their ease of adapting to the Both studies then compared the Varilux X series lens to The Varilux X series lens clearly delivers on its promise
lens on a 10-point scale from very difficult to very easy, the Varilux S Series lens. The international study found to provide clearer and crisper vision. Not only has Essi-
with 7 to 10 considered the easy range. A full 82% of 65% of wearers had an overall preference for the Varilux
lor enhanced its Synchroneyes technology to boost the
wearers experienced an easy adaptation. X series lens over the Varilux S Series lens. In terms
of visual quality, using the same scales and criteria, the wearers binocular vision across the entire lens and im-
The French study (FIGURE 11) looked at the Varilux X former had markedly better performance (FIGURE 12). prove spatial perception, it has improved its Nanoptix
series lens key benefits, measuring how satisfied wea- The ease of adapting to the lens was also higher for the technology, which translates into improved peripheral
rers were when carrying out activities at an arms length. Varilux X series lens (82% vs. 76%).
Again, they gave a score on a 10-point scale ranging from vision for wearers.
not satisfied at all to very satisfied, with once again the As for their preference for the Varilux X series lens when
7 to 10 range being the overly positive one. The excep- it came to multitasking at an arms length distance, the Perhaps more importantly though, Essilor has engineered
tion was multitasking, where wearers rated satisfaction French study found no less than 86% of wearers preferred the Varilux X series lens with the increasing amounts
with focus. the Varilux X series lens over the Varilux S Series lens.
A similar preference was found when wearers were asked of time people are spending carrying out different tasks
Wearers were also asked to rate their head movements about which lens they preferred with respect to head mo- at an arms length distance in mind. It has developed
needed to see clearly activities carried out at arms length, vements needed for tasks performed at an arms length its Xtend technology to ensure a smooth progression
choosing from not at all, a little, just right, too much distance: 74% chose the Varilux X series lens over the
and far too much. The percentage of wearers who nee- between the different distances, in particular the multi-
Varilux S Series lens.
ded minimal or no head movements to see clearly was 97% ple nears. The result is a high level of clarity for all dis-
for horizontal vision and 93% for vertical vision. tances, whether it is near vision when reading a book,
arms length vision when browsing a screen or distance
vision when driving a vehicle.
F I G U R E 11. S AT I S FA C T I O N W I T H A R M S L E N G T H A C T I V I T I E S
W I T H VA R I L U X X S E R I E S L E N S
When calculated, compared with the Varilux S series
95%
or evaluated by wearers, the Varilux X series lens at-
Multitasking
Group Taking care
tains an extremely high level of performance, delivering
discussion 100%
of yourself satisfaction to the wearer.
98% 97%

50%
Watching movies
and sending texts Reading a book
90%
100%
0%

Orientating Reading in
in the street lying position
90% 95%

KEY TAKEAWAYS:
Looking Doing precise Essilor has optimized global vision by designing the
dashboard tasks Varilux X series lenses with multiple near distances
Doing DIY
97% 93% 98% in mind, covering distances equivalent to an arms length
Single-center study - France (n=42)
(between 40 and 70 cm from the wearer).

By developing a new calculator, Essilor is now able to


F I G U R E 12 . P E R C E N TA G E O F VA R I L U X X S E R I E S L E N S & VA R I L U X S S E R I E S manage higher complexity in lenses and generate acuity
LENS W E A RERS W IT H GOOD V ISUA L QUA LIT Y targets to optimize the performance of lenses.

Drawing on its Synchroneyes and Nanoptix technologies,


Overall Vision Essilor has developed new Xtend technology to greatly
100% enhance the Varilux X series lenses performance with
88% the multiple nears.
Dynamic Visison The Xtend technology increases acuity volume both in
(wearer moving) Distance Vision
depth and in breadth for the wearer when it comes to
89% 76%
91% arms length vision (vs. the Varilux S series lens).
83% 82%
Essilor studies evaluating the overall performance of
50%
the Varilux X series lens revealed that an overwhelming
77% percentage of wearers enjoyed high-quality vision,
85% 83%
74% whatever the distance.
Dynamic Visison 88% Intermediate
(surroundings moving) Vision In addition, studies revealed that 95% of wearers were
79% n Va r i l u x X
satisfied with the lens when multitasking at an arms length.
n Va r i l u x S Wearers also found that they did not need to move their
Near Vision head horizontally (97%) or vertically (93%) to see clearly
International multicenter study (n=66) with the Varilux X series lens.

10 11
REFERENCES
Cochener, B., Albou -Ganem , C., & Renard, G. (2012),
Presbytie: Rapport SFO 2012, Elsevier Masson.

Coltheart, M., R astle , K., Perry, C., L angdon ,


R., & Z iegler , J. (2001), DRC: a dual route cascaded
model of visual word recognition
and reading aloud, Psychological Review, 108, 204.

G rainger, J. & Ferrand, L. (1994), Phonology


and orthography in visual word recognition: Effects
of masked homophone primes,
Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 218-233.

Maitenaz, B. & Chauveau, J.-P. (1999),


Points de Vue, Points de Vue 41.

M eister, D. (2006), Fundamentals of progressive lens design,


VisionCare Product News, 6, 5-9.

M eslin , D. (2006), Progressive Lenses,


Essilor Academy Europe.

Miege , C. & Pedrono, C. (1993), Varilux Comfort:


the physiological concepts on which this new design
is based, Points de Vue, 29.

Millodot, M., G oumillout, A. I., & Pouget, H. (1997),


Le nouveau dictionnaire de la vision, Mediacom vision Editeur.

Tinker, M. A. (1963), Legibility of print, (1 ed.)


Iowa State University Press Ames.

Essilor International April 2017

Essilor, Varilux, Varilux X series, Varilux S Series, Varilux Comfort, Xtend,


Nanoptix and Synchroneyes are trademarks of Essilor International.

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