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INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE AND MORTALITY
IN VARIOUS DISEASES
ABSTRACT
The majority of studies support an excess of male to female cases. The average ratio of male
to female standardised rates is 1.35 from prevalence studies and 1.31 from incidence studies,
but the range of values is wide. This excess is seen for both multi-source and population-
based studies, but the male excess appears smaller in population-based studies. The
possibility that relative reduction of risk seen in women may be a role biological effect is
supported by data from a large cohort study of women who had their ovaries removed
surgically for gynaecological reasons.
We find disease incidence and prevalence are both higher among Americans in age groups
55-64 and 70-80 indicating that Americans suffer from higher past cumulative
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 19
5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 39
6 ANALYSIS 45
REFERENCES 59
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
More problematic are the errors that arise from the method by which the sample is chosen. A
gastroenterologist who has a special interest in various diseases may be referred patients
whose cases are unusual or difficult, the clinical course and complications of which are
atypical of the disease more generally. Such systematic errors cannot usually be measured,
and assessment therefore becomes a matter for subjective judgement.
References: