ECUACIONES PARA DETERMINAR x E Icr DE SECCIONES

RECTANGULARES

CLCULO DE x E Icr
Las secciones achuradas se encuentran en traccin

VIGA DOBLEMENTE ARMADA

d d
As x (n-1)As x

d d

As nAs

b b

Clculo de x
()
+ ( 1)()( ) = ()( )
2
2
+ ( 1)() ( 1)() = ()() ()
2

+ [ + ( )] [() + ( )()] =

Clculo de Icr

= + ( )()( ) + ( ) =

ECUACIONES PARA DETERMINAR x E Icr DE SECCIONES T

CLCULO DE x E Icr
Las secciones achuradas se encuentran en traccin

PRIMER CASO

b b

hf x hf x

d d

As nAs

bw bw

Para este caso se resolver como una viga rectangular utilizando las siguientes ecuaciones:
Clculo de x Clculo de Icr

+ () () = = + ()( )

SEGUNDO CASO

b b

hf hf
x x
d d

As nAs

bw bw

Clculo de x

( ) + ( ) ( ) = ()( )
2 2
( 2 2() + 2 )
( ) + = () ()
2 2
( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 )
() + () + = () ()
2 2 2
 2 ( 2 ) ( 2 )
+ [() () + ()] [ + ()] = 0
2 2 2

( )( )
+ [( ) + ()] [ + ()] =

Clculo de Icr

( 3 ) 2 ( )3
= [ + () ( ) ] + [ ] + ()( )2
12 2 3

( 3 ) 2
2 ( )3
= + () ( () + )+ + ()( )2
12 4 3

( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( )3
= + () 2 ( 2 ) + + + ()( )2
12 4 3
( 3 ) 2 2 )
( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( )3
= + () ( + + + ()( )2
3 3 3 3
( 3 ) ( )3
= [ 3 + 3( 2 ) 3() 2 + 3 ] + + + ()( )2
3 3 3
3
( 3 ) ( )3
= ( ) + + + ()( )2
3 3 3
( ) ( )( )
= + ()( )

TERCER CASO

b b

hf hf
As nAs

d d
x x

bw bw

Clculo de x
()
= ()( )
2

+ () () =

Clculo de Icr

( )
= + ()( )

CUARTO CASO

b b
(n-1)As
As x x
hf hf d

d d

As nAs

bw bw

Clculo de x
()
+ ( 1)()( ) = ()( )
2
2
+ ( 1)() ( 1)() = () ()
2

+ [() + ( )()] [() + ( )()] =

Clculo de Icr

= + ( )()( ) + ()( )

QUINTO CASO

b b
(n-1)As
As d
hf hf
x
d

As nAs

bw bw
Clculo de x

( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( 1)()( ) = ()( )
2 2
( 2 2() + 2 )
( ) + + ( 1)() ( 1)()
2 2
= () ()
( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 )
() + () + + ( 1)() ( 1)()
2 2 2
= () ()
2
+ [() () + ( 1)() + ()]
2
( 2 ) ( 2 )
[ + ( 1)() + ()] = 0
2 2

+ [( ) + () + ( )()]

( )( )
[ + () + ( )()] =

Clculo de Icr

( 3 ) 2 ( )3
=[ + () ( ) ] + [ ] + ( 1)( )2
12 2 3
+ ()( )2
( 3 ) 2 ( )3
= + () ( 2 () + )+ + ( 1)( )2
12 4 3
+ ()( )2
( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( )3
= + () 2 ( 2 ) + + + ( 1)( )2
12 4 3
+ ()( )2
( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( )3
= + () 2 ( 2 ) + +
3 3 3 3
2 2
+ ( 1)( ) + ()( )
3 2 2 3
( 3 ) ( )3
= [ + 3( ) 3() + ] + +
3 3 3
+ ( 1)( )2 + ()( )2
( 3 ) ( )3
= ( )3 + + + ( 1)( )2 + ()( )2
3 3 3
( ) ( )( )
= + ( )( ) + ()( )

SEXTO CASO

b b

hf hf
As nAs

d
As (n-1)As
x
d

bw bw

Clculo de x
()()
+ ( 1)()( ) = ()( )
2
( 2 )
+ ( 1)() ( 1)() = () ()
2
( )
+ [( )() + ()] [( )() + ()] =

Clculo de Icr

( )
= + ( )()( ) + ()( )

Para barras hiperestticas el valor de I debe ser sustituido por el valor de Ieprom que es el
momento de inercia efectivo promedio.
- Para barras empotrada empotrada

IeIZQ IeDER

IeCL

= . + . ( + )

- Para barras empotradas articuladas

IeEMP

IeCL
IeEMP

IeCL

= . + .
Ejercicio 1
Calcular la deflexin total TOTAL de la siguiente viga que se muestra a continuacin:

Datos generales:
- Resistencia a la compresin simple del hormign: fc=210 kg/cm2
- Esfuerzo a la fluencia del acero en barras: Fy=4200 kg/cm2
- Recubrimiento libre = 4,00 cm
- Acero de refuerzo longitudinal a traccin: As = 420mm
- Acero de refuerzo transversal (Estribos): Ast = E10mm
 1. Clculo de la altura efectiva d
=

= . + +
2
2
= 4 + 1 + = 6,00
2
= = 60,00 6,00 = 54,00
2. Clculo del momento de agrietamiento Mcr

=


=


= 2 = 2 210 = 28,983
2
3 30 603
= = = 540000,00 2
12 12

= 15100 = 15100 210 = 218819,789
2

2000000,000 2
= = = 9,140

218819,789
2
=
60
= = = 30
2 2
2
28,983 2 540000,00
= = = 521689,956
30
= ,
 3. Clculo de x e Icr

Clculo de x:
2
+ () () = 0
2
30 2
+ 9(12,566) 9(12,566)54 = 0
2
15 2 + 113,097 6107,256 = 0
= ,
Clculo de Icr:
3
= + ()( )2
3
30(16,757)3
= + 9(12,566)(54 16,757)2
3
= ,
4. Clculo de la deflexin inmediata por Carga Muerta i(CM)
- Clculo de Ma(CM)

()
() =


5,35 (6,00 )2
() = = 24,075
8
()

() = , > = 5,217

- Clculo de la inercia efectiva debido a carga muerta Ie(CM)

= {( ) + [ ( ) ] }

3 3

() = {( ) + [1 ( ) ] }
() ()

5,217 3 5,217 3
() =( ) 540000 + [1 ( ) ] 203920,931
24,075 24,075

() = ,

- Deflexin inmediata por Carga Muerta i(CM)

Ecuacin elstica de la deflexin:
5 4
= () =
384

5 () 4 5 5,35 10 (600 )4
() = =
384 ()
384 218819,789 207340,766 4
2
() = ,

5. Clculo de la deflexin inmediata por Carga Viva i(CV)

- Clculo de Ma(CM+CV)

(+)
(+) =


(5,35 + 3,25) (6,00 )2
(+) = = 38,700
8
(+)

(+) = , > = 5,217

 - Clculo de la inercia efectiva Ie(CM+CV)

= {( ) + [ ( ) ] }

3 3

(+) = {( ) + [1 ( ) ] }
(+) (+)

5,217 3 5,217 3
(+) =( ) 540000 + [1 ( ) ] 203920,931
38,700 38,700

(+) = ,

- Deflexin inmediata por Carga Muerta y Carga Viva i(CM+CV)

Ecuacin elstica de la deflexin:

5 4
= () =
384

5 (+) 4 5 8,60 10 (600 )4
(+) = =
384 (+)
384 218819,789 204744,256 4
2
(+) = ,

(+) = ,

() = (+) ()

() = 3,239 1,990

() = ,
 6. Deflexin adicional a largo plazo (LP)
() = ()

= + %

=
1 + 50
TIEMPO
5 Aos o ms 2,00
12 meses 1,40
6 meses 1,20
3 meses 1,00

= Porcentaje de refuerzo comprimido

Para residencias: = + 20%

= 5,35 + 0,20 3,25 = 6,00

- Clculo de Ma(CS)

()
() =


(6,00) (6,00 )2
() = = 27,000
8
()

() = , > = 5,217
 - Clculo de la inercia efectiva Ie(CS)

= {( ) + [ ( ) ] }

3 3

() = {( ) + [1 ( ) ] }
() ()

5,217 3 5,217 3
() =( ) 540000 + [1 ( ) ] 203920,931
27,000 27,000

() = ,

- Deflexin inmediata por Carga Sostenida i(CS)

Ecuacin elstica de la deflexin:

5 4
= () =
384

5 () 4 5 6,00 10 (600 )4
() = =
384 ()
384 218819,789 206345,3784
2
() = ,

Ms de 5 aos:
= 2,00
2,00
=
= = 2,00
1 + 50 1 + 50 0,00
() = ()

() = 2,00 2,242

() = ,
 7. Deflexin total (TOTAL)
- Caso 1:
No se dio contraflecha
() = (+) + ()

() = 3,239 + 4,484

() = ,

- Caso 2:
Si se dio contraflecha
() = () + ()

() = 1,249 + 4,484

() = ,

8. Diagnstico

Si: ()

Si: () > ,

Segn el ACI 318-14, se especifica que:

=

600
= = 1,250
480
- Caso 1:
() = , = ,

- Caso 2:
() = , = ,

Para los dos casos, la SECCIN ES INSUFICIENTE, se debe redimensionar la viga, es

decir se debe AUMENTAR LA SECCIN, COLOCAR As.