201769 CRAFT&HAWKINSDEPARTMENTOFPETROLEUMENGINEERING

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DownHoleWaterSinkTechnology

TheLouisianaStateUniversityCraft&HawkinsDepartmentofPetroleumEngineeringissolicitingparticipantsforacooperative
affiliation, Downhole Water Sink (DWS) Technology Initiative. The DWS Initiative is dedicated to the emerging
completion/productiontechnologyemployingadownholewatersinkinstallation.Thetechnologyusesahydrodynamicconceptof
downholewaterdrainageinsitutocontrolandabateexcessivevolumesofformationbrineproducedbyoilandgaswells.The
developmentofthistechnologyhasbeenalreadyadvancedtothepointthatsomeDWScompletionsandproductionschemescan
bedesignedandimplementedinfieldoperationswhileotheraspectsneedfurtherresearchanddevelopmentefforts.

MissionofDWSInitiative

The overall goal of the initiative is to advance theoretical principles of the DWS technology, implement the technology in field
operationsbytheindustrialmembersoftheDWSInitiative,andprovidetechnicalsupportfortheimplementation.

ParticipationinDWSInitiative

ParticipationinDWSInitiativeisopentotheoilandgasoperatorsandservicecompaniesinvolvedinimplementationoftheDWS
technology(IndustrialContributor),aswellassponsoringagenciesorotherresearchorganizationsinterestedingettingdatafrom
theDWSInitiativeprojects(OtherContributor).Thefinancialandlegaltermsofparticipationaredefinedintheattacheddocument
titled,CooperativeAgreementforDWSInitiative.

Procedure

TheDWSInitiativedevelopsDWStechnologythroughfieldimplementationsofthetechnologybytheIndustrialContributors,on
onehand, and concurrent research and technical support provided by the LSU team, on the other hand. We believe that this
approach is the most effective and fastest way to make the technology work in various conditions and for different petroleum
operators.Also,theapproachgivesallparticipantsthebenefitofhavingaccesstothebroaderdatabaseofvariousDWSfieldtrials
andresultsofanalytical/experimentalworkperformedatLSUforthesetrials.

ThereisacontinuousinteractionbetweeneachIndustrialContributorandtheLSUteamduringimplementationofaspecificDWS
field project by this participant, from well planning to completion design to production schedule. LSU provides conventional
theoretical analysis of the design and operational variables necessary for advancing the project. In case the project requires
unconventionalapproachtheLSUteamperformsashorttermresearchstudyfortheIndustrialContributortosolvetheproblem.

InadditiontoprovidingtechnicalsupportforindividualIndustrialContributorstheLSUteamconductsresearchprojectsonnew
aspectsoftheDWStechnologythatareofinteresttoallmembersofDWSTI.Alistofsuchprojectsisincludedinthesection,"Other
SuggestedAnnualProjects"ofthisdocument.TheLSUteamreportsonprogressintheseprojectsatthesemiannualmeetingsof
theinitiativeparticipantrepresentatives,DWSInitiativeAdvisoryPanel(IAP).

DWSTechnologyBrief

Downholewatersinkisanewtechniqueforproducingwaterfreehydrocarbonsfromreservoirswithbottomwaterdriveandstrong
tendencytowaterconing.Conventionalwellsinthesereservoirsproduceincreasingvolumesofbrinewithdecreasingamountsof
oil or gas which ultimately leads to early shut downs of these wells without sufficient recovery of hydrocarbons in place.
Furthermore,theproducedwatersarecontaminatedwithhydrocarbonsandrequirecostlytreatmentpriortooffshoredischargesor
subsurfaceinjections.

DWStechnologyeliminateswatercuttingthehydrocarbonproductionbyemployinghydrodynamicmechanismofconingcontrolin
situattheoilwaterorgaswatercontact.Themechanismisbaseduponalocalizeddrainagegeneratedbyacontrolleddownhole
watersinkinstalledintheaquiferbeneaththeoilorgaswatercontact.

Figure1depictstheprinciplesoftwobasicvariantsoftheDWSsystems,drainageinjection(variantA)anddrainageproduction
(variantB).Inthesystemawellisduallycompletedintheoilandwaterzonesandthetwocompletionsareseparatedbyapacker
setinsidethewellatdepthoftheoilwatercontact.Thewaterzonecompletionincludesasubmersiblepumpandwaterdrainage
perforations.Thesubmersiblepumpdrainstheformationwateraroundthewellandpreventswaterconingfrombreakingthrough
theoilcolumnintooilproducingperforations.Sincetheproducedstreamofoiliswaterfreeflowperformanceofthewellcanbe
fullyutilizedtomaximizeoilproduction.

FateandqualityofthedrainedformationwaterdependuponconfigurationoftheDWSsystem.Inthedrainageinjectionsystems
(VariantA)thedrainedwater,freefromoilcontamination,iseitherreinjecteddownholeintothesameaquifer(downholewater
loop)orintoadeepinjectionzone(splitdrainageinjection).

TheDWSdrainageproductionsystems(VariantB)canbeoperatedinthe"cleanwater"rangesuchthatthedrainedwaterisfreeof
oilandreadilydischargedoverboard.Thesystemscanalsobedesignedformaximumoilproduction(intensiveproduction)with
theuppercompletionproducingwaterfreeoilandthewatersinkcompletionproducingwaterwithsomeoilcut.Inthelattercase
thedesigninvolvesinversingthewaterconetocreateoilbreakthroughintothewatersink.

DWSTechnologyDevelopmenttoDate

DWStechnologyhasbeentheoreticallydevelopedattheLSUDepartmentofPetroleum Engineering since 1991. Also, a DWS

drainageproductionsystemsuccessfullyfieldtestedbyHuntPetroleumCorporationin1994andhasbeeninoperationeversince.
Recently,LSUand Hunt Petroleum were jointly awarded a 1996 Special Meritorious Award for Engineering Innovation by the
Petroleum Engineer International. Another DWS well installation has been just completed by Texaco in the Kern River field,
California.

ThefieldtrialoftheDWSwaterdrainageproductionsystemwasperformedbyHuntPetroleuminaWilcoxsandoftheNebo
HemphillfieldinLaSalleParish,Louisiana,aformationknownforhighwatercutproduction.Mostofthesandsinthisformation
haveverystrongnaturalwaterdrivesandareclean,with14darcypermeabilityandhighverticaltohorizontalpermeabilityratios.
Thisleadstorapidbottomwaterconing.Atypicalwellinthisfieldwoulddevelopawaterproblemin6090daysafteroilproduction
began,andtheexcessivewatercut(97%)wouldcauseproductiontodropfromtheinitialrateof35BOPDto12BOPD.

Thenewwellwasdrilledthroughtheoilandwatercolumnsanddualcompletedinbothzones.Thewaterdrainagecompletionis
gravelpackedandisolatedfromtheoilcompletionwithapackerand31/2in.tubing.Adownholeprogressivecavitypumpliftsthe
watertothetubing,whiletheformationpressuredrivesthewaterfreeoiluptheannulusbetweenthetubingand7in.casing.After
twoyearsofproduction,thewellisaveraging55BOPD(higherthantheinitialrate)withonly0.2percentwatercut.Theproduced
waterispumpeddirectlytothesaltwaterdisposalsystemwithnoadditionaltreatment.

The NeboHemphill field test showed that the DWS technology was able to: 1 prevent water breakthrough and, 2 reverse
developmentofwaterconingafterthebreakthroughoccurred.Inthefirstapplicationtheoilandgrease(O&G)concentrationinthe
producedbrinewasbelowthedetectionleveloftheEPAapprovedtest.Thusformationwatersproducedwiththisnewmethod
couldqualifyforpermitteddischarges with no treatment. In the second application a developing water cut was reduced from 7
percentto0.2percent.

PresentStatusandRationaleforDWSInitiative

Inthepast,technicalsupportforDWStechnologywasofferedbytheLSUteamtothepetroleumindustryonanindividualbasis
throughconsultingservicesortheDOEsponsoredtechnologytransferprogram.Severalmajoroilcompaniesandindependent
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operators had used the LSU expertise at various stages of implementation of the DWS technology: from economic feasibility
studies,tocompletiondesigns,toactualrecompletionsandproductiontrials.

Our past experience showed that when employing DWS systems operators were challenged with reservoir problems and well
conditionssodifferentthateachdesignrequiredadditionalresearch.Intheresult,newDWStechniqueswerecreated.However,
therewaslackofaconcertedefforttoadvancedesignstudiesthatwouldbeofinteresttomanyoperatorsatthesametime.The
DWSInitiativewascreatedtoprovideafinancialbasisforsuchstudiesandenabletechnologytransfertoallindustrialmembers.
OnSeptember10,1997,attheDWSITKickOffmeetingatLSUtheDWSITconceptwasdiscussedwithpetroleumindustry.Itwas
concludedthattheDWSInitiativewouldwellservemembercompaniesandfulfilltheindustryresearchneedsandouracademic
objectivesatLSU.

Presently (February, 1998), DWSTI has nine industrial members (Shell, Mobil, Chevron, PanCandian, Texaco, Baker Hughes,
Sonat,Unocal,andPennzoil).The1998annualproject,PrinciplesandDesignMethodforDWSWellCompletionswithSegregated
InflowsofOilandWater,isunderwaywithcompletiondate,December,1998.Also,severalindustrialmembersareintheprocessof
designingorcompletingwellswithDWSinstallations.

DWSInitiativeDeliverables

TheinitiativedeliverableswillincludetwotypesofactivitiesperformedbytheLSUteam:technicalsupport,andresearchprojects.
TechnicalsupportwillinvolvetheoreticalcomputeraideddesignofDWSsystemsforaspecificreservoir/wellconditionsprovided
bytheIndustrialContributors.BasedonthisdesigntheoperatorwillbeabletoassessDWSprojecteconomicsandpreparewell
completionprogram.Specifically,deliverablesheremaybeoneofthefollowingstudies:

1.EstimationofDWSinputdatafromwatercuthistorymatching
2.ComputationofDWSperformancewindowsforagivencompletionprogram
3.OptimizationofcompletionparametersformaximumDWSperformanceand,
4.Customizedstudiessuchastheeffectsofleakingcementbehindcasing,verticalpermeabilitybarriers,orreinjectiontothe
sameaquiferuponDWSsystemperformance

EachIndustrialContributorisentitledtoreceivingonetechnicalsupportstudyperyear.Theextentofsuchstudywillbenegotiated
betweentheLSUteamandtheContributor.Thestudywillbeprovidedasawrittenreportwithalladditionaldatanecessaryforwell
completion design and production schemes. Deadlines for these studies will be negotiated between the LSU team and the
IndustrialContributoraccordingtotheContributor'sactivitytimetable.

ResearchprojectswillbeconductedbytheLSUteamreportingtoallContributorsthroughtheirvotingrepresentativestotheIAP.
SemiannualreviewmeetingsoftheIAPwillgiveDWSmembershipanopportunitytomakecommentsregardingboththepriorityof
proposed future projects and the direction of research in the pending project. Specific deliverables for the research projects
include:

1.Quarterlywrittenprogressbriefs
2.Semiannualprogressreportspresentedattheinitiativemembermeetings
3.Completeannualorfinalreports.

Morespecificlistingofdeliverableswillbepreparedforeachannualprojectinrelationtotheproject'sobjectives.

1999Project

Tittle:PrinciplesandDesignMethodforDWSWellCompletionswithCommingledInflowsofOilandWater

Objective:

ToperformastudyanddeveloptechnicalcriteriaforsustainablemaximizedoilproductionusingtheDWSwellsystemsoperating
inthecommingledinflowmodewhenwater(oroil)breakthroughisallowedandcontrolledbyadjustedproductionrates.

Tasks:

1.Developamathematicalmodelofcommingledinflowofoilandwaterintothewell'swaterdrainagecompletion(reversed
coning)
2.Writesoftwareforcomputationofthedynamicoilwaterinterfaceduringreversedconing
3.DemonstratebehaviorofDWSsystemswithreversedconingusingaphysicalmodel
4.Determinecriticalparametersforsustainableandunstableoperationofthephysicalmodel
5.Mathematicallymodelthephysicalmodel'sbehavior
6.Develop a computeraided design procedure for designing inflow performance window for DWS well completions with
reversedconing
7.Determinefeasibilitycriteriaandamethodtocalculatemaximumoilproductionrateforreversedconing.

Deliverables:

1.A summary report providing a basic understanding of the reservoirwell system behavior during DWS operation with
reversedconing
2.Videotapesandphotographssupportingourfindingsfromthephysicalmodelstudies
3.Theoreticalrecommendationsregardingfeasibility,technicalrequirementsandlimitationsoftheintensiveDWStechnology
4.Softwareforcalculatinginflowperformancewindowandoilproductionratelimit.

2000Project

DWSWellSelectionandProductionOptimizationMethodforMaximumPerformance

Objective:

ThereisaneedforsystematicapproachtoimplementationofDWStechnologyinaspecificoilfield.OperatorsshouldknowifDWS
isasuitablesolution,howtoselectwellsforrecompletion,howtooperateandevaluateDWSwells.Objectiveofthisprojectisto
perform study and develop technical criteria and analytical tools for deployment and operation of DWS wells to maximize
advantageofDWSoverconventionaltechnologyinreservoirswithwaterconingproblems.

Tasks:

1.Criteria and Method for DWS Well Selection: Perform sensitivity analysis of reservoir properties and well parameters to
identify controlling factors Formulate screening criteria for selection of the best well candidates for DWS installations
DevelopsoftwareforcomputationPerformanceParameterrepresentingadvantageofDWSoverconventionalcompletion
FormulateselectionprocedureforareservoircandidatesFormulateselectionmethodforwellcandidates.
2.DWSWell Evaluation Method: Develop a transient pressure testing method and software for evaluation well hydraulic
integrity Modify the pressure transient method to evaluate formation permeability damage Formulate a mathematical
modelofmultiratetestingofDWSwellsIntroduceproductivityindexandwellboreflowingpressuretoinflowperformance
mapping Solve problem of well stabilization prediction Develop testing procedure and analysis method for DWS well
productivitytestingDemonstratethemethodwithsimulatedexamples.
3.DWSWellProductionOptimizationSchedules:IntroducewellperformancelimitstoInflowPerformanceChart Formulate
mathematical optimization model for daily performance of DWS well in terms of maximum production/return rates
FormulatemathematicaloptimizationmodelfortimerelatedwellproductionscheduleandmaximumNPVWriteasoftware
for designing the optimized production program for DWS wells to maximize recovery of oil or NPV Solve example
applications.
4. Feasibility of Water Control in Horizontal Wells Using DWS Completions: Review the methods for water cresting and
pressuredrawdowndistributioninhorizontalwellsliteraturestudyDevelopwatercrestingstudytoolusingcommercial
numericalsimulatorDetermineadesignmethodformaximumlengthofthereachsectionforhorizontalwellswithwater
cresting problems Modify the simulation tool for modeling horizontal wells with dual completions Study productivity
increaseforhorizontalwellswithtailpipewatersinkStudyproductivityincreaseforbilateralhorizontalwellswithwater
sinkcompletions.
5. Physical Demonstration of DWS Technology: Install data collection/monitoring system on the radial model Develop
proceduresformodelprepacking, operating and cleaning Test the model upscaling procedure using a homogeneous
sand pack Conduct a videotaped experiment 1: Prediction of DWS Well Performance from Physical Model Conduct a
videotapedexperiment2:RecoveryPerformanceofWellswithWaterConingandpermeabilityStratification

Deliverables:

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1.Asummaryreportprovidingthetheory,criteriaandmethodforDWSWellSelectionandevaluation.
2.A summary report providing the theory, experimental results, data from analytical studies and methodologies for well
evaluation,testing,andproductionoptimization.
3.SoftwareforoptimizedproductionprogramforaDWSwell
4.Datafromcomputersimulationstudiesandanumericalmethodforestimationofthefeasibilityofwatercontrolinhorizontal
wellsusingDWScompletions
5.Twovideotapesandwrittentrainingmaterialssummarizingthevisualdemonstrationexperiments

2001Project

PrinciplesandDesignMethodforDWSCompletionofGasandHorizontalWellswithWaterConingProblems

Objective:

ThereisaneedformethodologytodesignDWSwellcompletionforgasreservoirswithwaterconingandhorizontalwellswith
watercrestingproblems.Thesetwowellreservoirsystemsarefundamentallydifferentthanverticaloilwellsbecauseofthenature
andmobilityofreservoirfluids(water/gas)orwellgeometryandinflowperformancecapacity(horizontalwells).Forgaswells,the
objectiveofthisprojectisformulationoftechnicalcriteriaforsustainableproductionofgaswithnowaterbreakthroughtothewell.
Forhorizontalwells,thestudyshoulddeterminewellconfigurationsandcompletioncriteriaforhorizontalwellswithreversedwater
coning.ThewellperformancerelationshipsresultingfromthisdesignshoulddefinetechnicalfeasibilityofusingDWSingaswells
andhorizontaloilwells.

Tasks:

1.FeasibilityofWaterConingControlinGasWellsthroughCompletionModifications:Describespecificmechanismofwater
coningingaswellsIdentifyinflowperformance procedure for gas wells in presence/absence of bottom water Develop
analyticalmodelofgaswellwithleakingcementAnalyzetheeffectofperforationsonwaterflowbehindcasingDevelopa
methodforcompletiondesignwithmaximumgaswelldeliverability.
2.ComputeraidedDesignofHorizontalWellCompletionforWaterCrestingControl:Formulatemodelofwatercrestingin
horizontalwellwith2phaseflowDefineproductivityandinflowperformanceofhorizontalwellwithwatercrestingBuild
simulationmodelofhorizontalwellwithtailpipe/bilateralcompletionPerformparametricstudyofDWSsysteminthewell
DevelopamethodforDWScompletiondesigninhorizontalwell.
3.GasLiftDesignforDWSWells:AnalyzedualgasliftinstallationsandmethodsfordesignDevelopprocedureforoptimized
design of single gas lift in DWS wells Formulate methodology for designing dual gas lift in DWS wells: define IPC
limitationsbuildmathematicalmodelperformsensitivityanalysisDemonstratethemethodwithsolvedexamples.
4.DWS Well Deliverability with Oilfree Water Drainage: Perform literature studies of capillary pressure zone data and
procedures for oil and gas reservoir systems Develop a method for inclusion capillary pressure effects in DWS well
deliverabilitypredictionFormulateprocedurefordesigningDWSwellswithnooilindrainagewater.
5.PhysicalDemonstrationofWaterConingControlinOilandgasWells:FabricateaphysicalmodelFormulatetheoryand
improvetheupscalingproceduresforpieshapesandpackswithDWSinstallationsPerformvideotapedexperimentson
oilwaterandgaswatersystemsVerifytheexperimentswithnumericalsimulatorEditvisualrecordsfromtheexperiments.

Deliverables:

1.AsummaryreportdescribinganalyticalandnumericalcomparisonofgaswellswithbottomwaterdrivetoDWSgaswells.
2.AreportandEclipsesimulatordatadeckusedtomodelandstudyhorizontalwellsandhorizontalDWSwellstogetherwith
ananalysisofthestudyresults.
3.AprocedureandsolvedexampleofdesigningoptimizeddualgasliftformaximumoilproductioninDWSwells
4.A summary report describing the use of numerical reservoir simulator (Eclipse) to determine operational parameters of
DWSwellproducing
5.A report and videoCD with videotaped results of physicalsimulation experiments showing effect of stratification
permeabilitybarriersonwaterconinganditscontrolwithDWScompletions.

2002Project

PrinciplesandDesignMethodforIntegrationofDualCompletionDesignwithReservoirandWellPerformance

Objective:WithfastdevelopingtechnologiesofdownholeO/WandG/Wseparationandchemicalwatershutoffthereisa
needtoqualifythereservoirengineeringadvantageofDWS.DWStechnologyinterrelatesthe reservoir and the well. To date,
theoreticaldevelopmentofDWStechnologyfocusedondesigningdualcompletionproductionconfigurationforasimplifiedmodel
of the well reservoir system: strong water drive, complete well integrity, threedimensional coning and unlimited well lifting
performance. It is necessary, however to qualify the use of DWS technology for specific wellreservoir systems. (For example,
designing DWS for an old completely wateredout well is completely different than for a new well in the same reservoir). The
projectwilladdressdesignaspectsofDWSforafewtypicalwellreservoirsystems:gaswellswithwaterproblemandpressure
depletion,andwateredoutoilwellswithsignificantbypassedoilreserves.Also,weintendtodevelopanalyticaltools,modelsand
methodsforpredictingDWSperformanceinthesesystems.

Tasks:

1.AlternativedesignofDWSforgaswellswithdownholeseparationcapability.Thetaskisacontinuation of Task 1 of the

2001Projectregardingwaterconingingaswells.ItwillcomparecriticallytheadvantageofDWS(reservoircontrol)with
DGWS(inwellseparation).Also,effectivenessofDWStocontrolwatermechanismsuniqueforgaswellswillbeevaluated.
We will develop a method for identifying these mechanisms. Also, we will formulate conditions for DWS operation to
maximize pressure depletion rate while keeping the well above the waterloading threshold. Compare critically the
advantageofDWS(reservoircontrol)withDGWS(inwellseparation)Developamethodforidentifyingwatermechanisms
uniqueforgaswells,suchasNDarcy,perforations,skin,leakingcementEvaluateperformanceofDWStocontrolthese
mechanismsandamethodforscreeningwell/reservoircandidatesDefinebestconditionsforDWSoperationformaximum
ratew/owaterloading.
2.Valuation of inactive wells in water drive reservoirs. Present methods for valuation of inactive wells are based on
oversimplifying assumptions of stripper productivity and advantageous oil prices. Correct valuation should be based on
incrementalrecoverywithanewtechnology.DWSissuchatechnology.ThisisafeasibilitystudyintousingDWSdesign
theoryandfielddatafrommaturedoilreservoirswithabandonedwellstodetermineincrementalrecoverablereserveswith
DWS.Analyzecurrentvaluationmethods(stripperrateoroilpriceforecasting)Developprocedure for incremental well
productivitywithDWSExaminetimerelatedwaterdrainageprocesstoopenDWSwelltoproductionAdoptacommercial
simulator tool to modeling the drainagerecovery process Create a procedure for computing net present value of
incrementalrecoveryCollectreservoirdataanddemonstratethevaluationprocedure.
3.Simulatorassistedtoolforadvancedanalysisofwaterinflowmechanismatandaroundpetroleumwells.Waterinflowto
wellsiscontrolledbycombinationofphenomenaoccurringlocallyaroundandinsidewells.Smartcompletions(andDWS
isoneofthem)shouldcontrolthephenomena.Unfortunately,mostcommercialsimulatorshavenotbeenmadetomodel
theseeffects.Hence,thereisaneedtobuildananalyticaltoolthatwouldcouplesimpleExcelbasedinterfaceprograms
withacommercialsimulator.Theinterface,developedbytheLSUteam,wouldmodelwellinflowmechanisms(DWS)not
supportedbycommercialsimulator.Thesimulatorwouldpasstwophaseflowratesandpressurestotheinterface,which
wouldcomputetheinflowconditions.Then,itwouldmodifytheconstraintsandpassitbacktothesimulator.Weintendto
developthistoolincrementally,byaddingmoreprogramsintime.Also,wewillsolicitavendorofnumericalsimulatorto
participateinthisprojectthroughlicensingthesimulatortothemembers.Buildananalyticaltoolthatwouldcouplesimple
Excelbased interface programs with a commercial simulator Create input module for 2D singlewell water control
simulationsAddtothemodulebasicpropertiesplusskin,perforation,nonDarcyskin,rates,andcompletionsIntegrate
themodulewithcommercialsimulatorAddthereport(output)modulespresentingbasicprediction,sensitivity,andInflow
PerformanceDomain.

OtherSuggestedAnnualProjects

DevelopmentofscreeningcriteriaforreactivationofinactivewellsusingDWSinstallations.
DesignofDWScompletionsandproductionschemesforgas/waterandgas/oil/waterwellswithconingproblems.
PressuretransienttestingandmonitoringofDWSsystemsperformanceandexternalintegrity.
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PredictionofalongtermproductiondeclineandrecoveryfactorsforreservoirsproducedwiththeDWStechnology.
DesignofDWSwellsformultilayeredreservoirsunderconditionsofselectivewaterencroachment.
System(nodal)analysismethodforDWSwellswithvarioustypesofartificialliftforoilandwaterproduction/injection.
FeasibilitystudyofaninnovativeDWSsystemwithdualcompletionintheoilcolumn.
StudyintotheoreticalbasisanddevelopmentoftestingproceduresrequiredtojustifyhigherallowablesforwellswithDWS
installations.
DesignandperformanceofbilateralcompletionswithDWSinstallations.
DevelopmentofanalyticalmathematicalmodelsforcalibrationofDWSnumericalsimulators.
Dynamicremovalofexcessivewatersaturationaroundoil/gaswellcompletionsusingDWStechnologyexperimentaland
theoreticalstudy.
FormulationofaquantitativemethodforpredictionoftheDWSfieldsystemperformanceusingabenchtopphysicalmodel.
FeasibilitystudyofusingDWStechnologyforcontrolleddownholeinjectionoftreatmentchemicals.
ExperimentaldevelopmentofamonitoringtechniqueandtoolsfordownholequalitycontrolofbrineinDWSsystemswith
continuousinjectioninsitu.
Fullscaleexperimentalstudyofintegrity,reliabilityandefficiencyofinnovativedownholepumpingsystemsforconcurrent
production/drainage/reinjectionofformationfluids.
Feasibility,performance,anddesignofDWScompletionsinfracturedreservboirswithwaterchannelingproblem.
WaterControlinOilWellsWithDownholeOilFreeWaterDrainageandDisposal

CostofParticipation

Theamountofannualcontributionforanewmemberis$15,000.TobecomeaContributorduringthefirstyearofDWSInitiativea
newmembermustsigntheCooperativeAgreementforDownholeWaterSinkTechnologyInitiativeandpaytheannualcontribution
toLSU.Anewmemberwillhavetopaythefullannualcontributionfortheyearinprogressdisregardingthetimeoftheyear.
Throughsuchpayment,thenewmemberwillacquireaccesstoall(publishedandunpublished)dataonresearchperformedand
technologiesdevelopedinthecourseoftheDWSInitiative.

A Contributor may make contribution "in kind" by fabricating experimental setup, doing measurements, or hiring out graduate
studentstoworkonacurrentDWSproject.Thedollarvalueofsuchinkindcontributioncannotexceed$7,500peryear.This
dollarvaluewillbethenusedtoreducetheamountoftheannualcashcontributionoftheContributorforthefollowingyear.

ContributorwhojoinsDWSTIafterthefirstyearofoperationwillpayUniversityatotalcashcontributionof$15,000asitssharefor
oneyearparticipationinDWSInitiativeandaonetimelatejoiningfeeof$7,500.ThelatejoiningfeewillgiveContributorrightto
acquirepastdeliverablesfromDWSTI.

LSUContact

Dr.AndrewK.Wojtanowicz,PE
DepartmentofPetroleumEngineering
LouisianaStateUniversity
BatonRouge,Louisiana70803
Phone:(225)5786049
Fax:(225)5786039
Email:awojtan@lsu.edu

DWSBibliography

1.Wojtanowicz,A.K.,andShirman,E.I.,2002,"InflowPerformanceandPressureInterferenceinDualCompletedWellswith
WaterConingControl,J.EnergyResourcesTechnologyTransactionsASME,Vol.124,December.NewConceptsofDual
CompletionforWaterCrestingControlandImprovedOilRecoveryinHorizontalWells,S.O.Inikori,andA.K.Wojtanowicz,
SPE77416,SPEAnnualTechnicalConferenceandExhibition,SanAntonio,Texas,Sep.29Oct.2,2002.
2.WaterControlinOilWellsWithDownholeOilFreeWaterDrainageandDisposal,S.O.Inikori,,A.K.Wojtanowicz, and
S.S.Siddiqi,SPE77559,SPEAnnualTechnicalConferenceandExhibition,SanAntonio,Texas,Sep.29Oct.2,2002.
3.A Study of Water Coning Control in Oil Wells by Injected or Natural Flow Barriers Using Scaled Model and Numerical
Simulator,S.S.Siddiqi,andA.K.Wojtanowicz,SPE77415,SPEAnnualTechnicalConferenceandExhibition,SanAntonio,
Texas,Sep.29Oct.2,2002.
4.DualGasLiftinWellswithDownholeWaterSinkCompletion,L. Marcano, and A.K. Wojtanowicz, Petroleumj Societys
CanadianInternationalPetroleumConference2002,Calgary,Alberta,Canada,June1113,2002.
5.SeverityofWaterConinginGasWells,M.Armenta,andA.K.Wojtanowicz,SPE75720,SPEGasTechnologySymposium,
Calgary,Alberta,Canada,Apr.30May2,2002.
6.PredictionofCapillary Fluid Interfaces During Gas or Water Coning in Vertical Wells, R.T. Johns, L.W. Lake, and A.M.
Delliste,SPE77772,SPEAnnualTechnicalConferenceandExhibition,SanAntonio,Texas,Sep.29Oct.2,2002.
7.AnalyticalSolutionforFreeHydrocarbonRecoveryUsingSkimmerandDualPumpWells,A.B.Obigbesan,R.T.Johns,
L.W.Lake,L.Bermudez,M.R.Hassan,andR.J.Charbeneau,SPE66756,SPE66536,SPE/EPA/DOEE&PEnvironmental
Conference,SanAntonio,TX,Feb.2628,2001.
8.Contaminated Water Production in Old Oilfields with Downhole Water Separation: Effects of Capillary Pressure and
Relative Permeability Histeresis, S.O. Inikori, and A.K. Wojtanowicz, SPE 66536, SPE/EPA/DOE E&P Environmental
Conference,SanAntonio,TX,Feb.2628,2001.
9.AssessmentandInclusionofCapillaryPressure/RelativePermeabilityHisteresisEffectsinDownholeWaterSink(DWS)
WellTechnologyforWaterconingControl,S.O.Inikori,andA.K.Wojtanowicz,ETCE200117100,EngineeringTechnology
ConferenceonEnergy,Houston,TX,Feb.57,2001.
10.VerticalInterferenceTestingMethodUsingDualCompletionswithDownholeWaterSink,L.R.Ramos,E.Shirman,andA.
K.Wojtanowicz,SPE62921,2000AnnualTechnicalConferenceandExhibitionofSPE,Dallas,TX,Oct.14,2000.
11.DiagnosisofExcessiveWaterProduction,L.Ramos,A.K.Wojtanowicz,andE.Shirman,11thInternationalScientificand
Technical Conference: New Methods and Technologies in Petroleum Geology, Drilling, and Reservoir Engineering,
Krakow,Poland,June2930,2000,7992.
12."More Oil Using Downhole Water Sink Technology: A Feasibility Study," A.K. Wojtanowicz, and Ephim I. Shirman, SPE
ProductionandFacilities,15(4),November2000.
13."MaximumDeliverabilityofDualCompletedWellswithDownholeWaterSink(DWS)AnalyticalandExperimentalStudy,"
E.I.Shirman,andA.K.Wojtanowicz,ETCE/OMAE2000Conference,NewOrleans,LA,Feb.1417,2000.
14."ControllingWaterProduction/ConingACaseHistory,"M.Swisher,andA.K.Wojtanowicz,Proc.ETECConferenceand
69th AnnualmeetingofIPAA,NewOrleans,LANov.1114,1998.
15."Downhole Water Sink (DWS) Completion Enhance Oil Recovery in Reservoirs with Water Coning Problem," A.K.
Wojtanowicz, E.I. Shirman, and H. Kurban, SPE 56721, Proc. 1999 SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition,
Houston,TX,Oct.36,1999,333340.
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201769 CRAFT&HAWKINSDEPARTMENTOFPETROLEUMENGINEERING
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