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log x
1
(1 sin x)n
(i) for 0 < sin x < 1, f(x) = nlim =1
2
1
(1 sin x)n
1 log x
(ii) for sin x = 0, f(x) =
3
log x
(iii) for 1 sinx < 0, f(x) =
2
log x
2 , 1 sin x 0
1 log x
, sin x 0
f(x) = 3 f(x) is discontinuous at integral multiples of
1 , 0 sin x 1
x
lim 1 a x . a na
x
a x na na(a x xa x na ) a x ( na)2 ( na)2
= xlim
lim
2. 2 x x = x x
x 0
x 2a x 0 x a na 2x. a x 0 ( xa na 2a ) 2
lim (2a) x xn 2a 1 x
lim ( 2a) n2a n2a lim ( 2a )x ( n2a)2 ( n2a)2
x 0
2 = x 0 = x 0
x 2x 2 2
for g(x) to be continuous (na)2 = (n2a)2 (na + n2a) = 0
1 1
a= g(0) = (n 2)2
2 8
x m sin 1 ; x 0
3. f (x) = x
0 ; x0
1
for continitity f(0) = 0 = RHL (x = 0) lim hm sin 0
h 0 n
f (h) f (0) 1
for derivability lim = finite lim h (m 1) sin it is finite and unique
h 0 h h 0 h
and equal to zero if m > 1
when m >1 continuous and derivable
if 0 < m 1 continuous but not derivable
x 2 2x , 2 x 1
1 , 1 x 0
g(x) = 0 , 0x2
x 2 2x , 2x3
2x 2 , 2 x 1
0 , 1 x 0
g(x) = 0 , 0x2
2x 2 , 2x3
clearly g(x) is discontinuous at x = 0 and not differentiable at x = 0, 2
1 ( x 1)2 , 1 x 0
x2 , 0 x 1
5. f(x) =
1 ( x 1)2 , 1 x 2
2 ( x 2)2 , 2x3
x
1 x , x 1
x
, 1 x 0
f(x) = 1 x x
6.
, 0 x 1
1 x
x
1 x , x 1
7. limit lim cos2n (m! x ) is 1 or 0 according to x is a rational number or an irrational number. As m!x will
n
m
become integral multiple of when x is rational, then cos (m!x) = 1. And when m!x is not an integral
multiple of i.e. when x is irrational then 1 < cos (m!x) < 1
0 , x Q
f(x) = f(x) is discontinuous and non-differentiable at every real number.
1 , x Q
x y (1 xy) ( y)(x y) x y 1 y2
f (x) = f f (x) = f 2
1 xy (1 xy)2 1 xy (1 xy)
put x = 0
f '(0)
f (0) = f (y) (1+y2) 1 y 2 = f (y)
Integrating both sides f (0) tan1y = f(y) + c ..... (1)
xy
Now put x = 0 & y = 0 in f(x) + f(y) = f
1 xy
f(x)
we get 2f(0) = f(0) f(0) = 0 ............. (2) and lim =2
x 0
x
f ( x ) f (0 )
lim =2 f(x) = 2 f(0) = 2 ........... (3)
x0 x
from (2) & (3) & (1)
2tan-1y = f(y) + c
now put y = 1, we get
2tan-11 = f(1) + c = +c c=0 f(x) = 2tan-1x
2 2
cos1(1 2 sin2 ) 2
= (sin1 1) lim lim
0 = 0 =
2 sin 2 2 sin 2
1 2 1
lim lim cos (1 {h} ) sin (1 {h})
L.H.L = f(0 h) =
h 0 h 0 {h} {h}3
1 1
lim cos (h(2 h))sin h lim cos1(h(2 h))
cos1 0 1
lim sin h
= = = =
h 0 (1 h)(2 h)h h 0 h 0
h (1 h) (2 h)
2 4
since R.H.L. L.H.L, therefore no value of f(0) can make f continuous at x = 0
1 (sin e n ) e n 1
2
Thus f(0) = limit f = limit =0+1=1
n
4n n 1
1 2
n
2 2
11. f(1) = 0 R.H.L. = hlim f(1 + h) = hlim cos 1 sgn 3 3h 1 = hlim cos 1 sgn = 0
0 0 0 2 3h
0
L.H.L. = lim f(1 h) = lim cos1 sgn = cos 1 (0) = f(1) = 0
h 0 h 0 3 3 h 2
4 cos 2 x
13. Let f(x) = f() = 2
2 cos x
1 4 cos 2 x f ( x ) f ()
lim 2 = lim = f()
x x 2 cos x x x
14. we have
lim f(x) = hlim (sin(h) + cos(h))cosec(-h)
x 0 0
1 (cosh sinh 1)
. cosh sinh 1
= hlim
0
(cosh sinh)cosech = hlim
0 (1 (cosh sinh 1)
(cosh sinh 1) ( sinh) = hlim
0 e
sinh =e
Now we have
1 2 1
2/h 3/h
lim f(x) = lim e e e
h
lim e h e h 1 e
x 0 2 1/ h 1 3 / h
= h0 (ae 2 )e 2 / h (be 1 )
=
h0 ae
be
b
e
If f is continuous at x = 0 , then e = a = gives a = e and b = 1
b
15. Let F(x) = f(x) x, F(a) = f(a) a = b a, F(b) = f (b) b = a b
F(x) is continous and F (a) & F (b) are of opposite signs.
F(x) = 0 has atleast one root in (a, b)
f (x) x = 0 f (x) = x for atleast one c (a, b)
16. f(x.y) = f(x). f(y), Put x = y = 1 f(1) = f 2(1) f(1) = 1 since f(1) 0
also hlim
0
f ( x h) = lim f ( x )f (1 h / x ) = f(x).f(1) = f(x)
h0 f(x) is continous for all x except at x = 0
1 1
17. y = f(x) = xsin 1/x. sin when x 0, , r = 1,2,3
x sin 1/ x r
1
y = 0, x = 0, where r = 1,2,3,...............
r
1
Let t = x sin1/x as x 0 , t 0 and as x , t 0 y = t sin1/t
r
1
lim y lim t sin t 0 = f(0) also lim y lim t sin t 0 = f r
x 0 t 0 1 t 0
x
1 r
f(x) is continous at x = 0 and f(x) is continous x [0, 1]
r
We know that t = xsin1/x is not differentiable at x = 0
1
therefore y = tsin1/t = xsin1/x. sin is not differentiable at x = 0
1
x sin
x
RESONANCE CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY - 4
18. y = |sinx|
y = sin|x|
sin[(1 h)2 ]
a (1 h)3 b (a b )
f(1 ) = Lim
(1 h)2 3 (1 h) 8
h0
h