iissKKvvnnt

t






1


if ibf
(wfqJ zfcfr dhb zfcv vrmfb zft-duhvDb)
zftrfmlc dtf-dr vfdt zf-tfmDb,znnftf-kc znnftf-mc
zftf mcrfmfdl] z zf-dtrD znfrdhr,z hf'l }-
iK W nIsvv ntvi dhdH islw W dbslGwhfBD ndtk
z icdjf Jfdb zflA-iaf ifE jvtfm. nkA kf dbu
dhNqfhtDsk nmx W nclv. kWrDl, bfmfp, nlfyfvB, nydvkf
dw[fq hQ ifi-idtkf W OxBA zfyvB sKsj lCsv Kfjfv hAfifsv
ssj njst ijxk rsh.
icdjfdesj nclv vilfb jvsk sn nm tfmfosBv vybfhtD
nQjdtk rsqsY p]fvf wvDqskv i dv zbcofmD hQ p]fslv
mk W iK ltDt fvf hdt. sk sn njt dhNqfhtD fb
sisqsY pf hkGmfb pcso dbkf uvvD W iasqfubDq. zffr v
nQjtjsj m iadklfb lfb jvb. v fvf njt mcntmfbsj
ijxk jvb. zffr nvt W ndEj isKv dlwfvD. z nfff
znffmf zftf mcrfmfdl] z zf-dtrD z nfrdhrD z nffm.

11/1/1415 dr}
zfcfr dhb zfcv vfrmfb zft duhvDb.
iissKKvvnnt
t






2

H
HdC dC mmj
jff
pfhkDq iawQnf zffrv ubA. zfmvf k]fv iawQnf jdv. k]fv dbje nfrfpA
iafKGbf jdv, k]fv dbjse [mf dH[f jdv hQ zfmfslv zfkfv ml W sbfQvf
zfmt rsk zffrv dbje zfwaq iafKGbf jdv. zffr pfsj iKdbslGw jsvb,
kfsj jvfv sj sb hQ dkdb pfsj jsvb kfsj iKdbslGwjfvD
sj sb. zfdm nf[A dldY sp, zffr hAkDk sjfb nkA ifnA sb. dpdb
hstb,
 ...




kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv isK (mfbcNsj) iaf W nlcislswv nfsK zfrfb
jv. (ncvf bfrXt 125 zfqfk)
zfv zfdm zfsvf nf[A dldY sp mcrfmfl  k]fv lfn W (siadvk) vnCt.
dpdb hstb, skfmvf zfmfv dbje rsk si]ZsY lfW; pdlW jde zfqfk
rq. zffr k]fv iv, k]fv hQwLv W nfrfhfosBv iv hQ djqfmk
zhdL k]fv isK ytmfb hAdhsoGv iv vrmk hQ zdLj zdLj wfd hNGB
jvb.
zft-mfumfzfq zhfbvk iahfnDslvsj lfWqfk W iKdbslGswv ubA
nmhfq jfpGftq ifEsjv dJlmsk icdjfJfdb siw jvsk sisv zfbl
shfL jvsY. sp icdjfq vsqsY, hAd W nmfu uDhsbv h ocvkiCBG dhNsqv
iv jsqj Y Iskfqf hQ iah. pf mrfmfbA tfmf wfqJ zfct zfpDp
dhb zfcfr dhb hfp, wfqJ mcrfml dhb nfstr zft-NfmDb hQ wfqJ
zfcfr dhb zfcv vrmfb zft-duhvDb jkGj x dtdJk W idvshdwk rsqsY.
zffr k]fslv drIfpk jvb.
zfmvf mrfb zffrv dbje iafKGbf jdv sp, dkdb k]fslvsj hxr{ iadklfb
ialfb jvb p]fvf icdjfde iak jvsk, zbchfl jvsk, Yfisk W
mcndtmslv mfsU iayfv jvsk zQw oarB jsvsYb.
zffr kfzftf zfmfslv bhD mcrfmfl, k]fv hQwLv W nfrfhfosBv iv
vrmk W wfd hNGB jvb. znXnftfmc zftfjcm zvfrmfkcfr.
iissKKvvnnt
t






3

iafkAdrj lczf W dpjXv

zffr kfzftf hstb,
     
  

        
            

zKGf{, nckvfQ skfmvf zfmfsj mvB jv, zfdm skfmfslvsj
mvB jhv, zfmfv jxkkf jv hQ zfmfv jxkOkf jsvf bf.
(nCvfr hfjfvfr 152zfqfk)
zfmfv mcndtm Hf!
susb vfJcb sp, --zffr zfmfslvsj W zfibfsj k]fv drlfqfskv
iadk kWIDj dlb.-- dbyq zffr uff wfbcv dpjXv (mvB) swa
zfmt. zfsvf susb vfJcb sp, k]fv mpGflf W mfrfkAW dhvfe. zbKGj
W ijfvrDb jKfq dbdh rWqfv sysq zffrv dpjXsv hAfixk rWqf
r-ivjfstv ubA h h m.
dpjsvv mpGflf W mfrfkA ians h zfqfk vsqsY pfv djYc
zfmvf sJ jvdY; zffr kf'zftf hstb,
.     
 .    
   !" .    
/   #$ .   %  
 0  *

  1 -
    &'( )*+,
zKGf{-sr mfblfvoB! skfmvf zffrsj zdLj zdLj mvB
jv hQ njft-nAfq k]fv idhkf sOfNBf jv. (zfrpfh } 41-42)
dkdb hstb,
       % +
    839   &'( )*+,

     )567
234, 0    % +       )567      1

0   
zKGf{, pfvf mfb sbsY hQ zffrv mvsB pfslv dy
iawf rq, susb vfJ-zffrv mvsB (dpjXsv) dy iawf
rq. (nCvf vf'l 28 zfqfk)
iissKKvvnnt
t






4








dpjXv ians h rflDnW snsY. pfv djYc dbbvi }-
zfhc vfvf  hBGbf jsvb, dkdb hstb sp, zffrv vnCt 
hstsYb, zffr kfzftf hstb, zfdm zfmfv iadk zfmfv hflfv
LfvBfv jfsY Kfdj (zKGf{ sn zfmfv iadk sp LfvBf vfsJ zfdm kfv
ubA kf hfhfqb jsv Kfdj, [mfv LfvBf W zfwf jvst [mf
ifq), zfdm kfv ns r, pJb sn zfmfsj mvB jsv. pdl sn
zfmfsj msb msb mvB jsv, kfrst zfdm kfsj zfmfv msb
mvB jdv. pdl sn zfmfsj sjfb nmfshsw mvB jsv, kfrst
zfdm kfsj kfslv sysq m nmfshsw mvB jdv. pdl sn zfmfv
iadk j dhOk idvmfB dbjehkDG rq, kfrst zfdm kfv iadk j
rfk idvmfB dbjehkDG r. pdl sn zfmfv iadk j rfk idvmfB
dbjehkDG rq, kfrst zfdm kfv iadk Hqr-dhk x idvmfB
dbjehkDG r. sn pdl zfmfv iadk sr]se zfsn, zfdm kfv iadk
slZsV pf. (hcJfvD 7405bQ W mcndtm 2675bQ)
zfhc mCnf zfwzfvD  rsk hdBGk, vnCt  hstb, sp hAd
zffrv dpjXv (mvB) jsv hQ sp hAd k]fv dpjXv (mvB) jsv
bf Hsqv imf uDdhk W mxskv bAfq. (hcJfvD 6407bQ)

dpjsvv djYc zflh

dpjXvjfvDv ubA kfv zvsj dpjXsv idk vfJf zfhwAj.
spsrkc zv pdl lfnDb Kfsj, kfrst sjhtmf mcsJ dpjXv jvf
psK bq. sp hfjA fvf dpjXv jvsY kfv iadk msbfspfo slWqf
hQ kfv zKG rlqm jvfW dyk. spsrkc mrfb zffr hstb,
   <=,     )'   @ .     CD     H EI
:; /     :4,       AB
 >? . 0   EFG  

 1  
iissKKvvnnt
t






5

      )'
J3=,     
 )
 
zKGf{, skfmfv iadkiftjsj msb msb ndhbq W nwjdys
zbcysv iakAc sN W nAfq mvB jv hQ lfnDbslv ipGfqHc
rsqf bf. (nCvf zf'vfI 205 zfqfk)
zfmfv mcndtm Hf! [sB zfibfv nfmsb sn nm dpjXv siw
jvdY, pf iakAr dblaf rsk ufof sKsj icbvfq dblaf pfWqf ipG
ifE jvf m }-

Ocm sKsj ufofv nmq pf htsk rq

.



zftrfmlc dtf-drfpD zfrqAf-bf hf'lf mf zfmf-kfbf z
tfdrb bcwCv.
zKG }- sn zffrv pfhkDq iawQnf dpdb zfmfslvsj mfvfv iv
uDdhk jvstb hQ k]fv dlsj icbvfb. (hcJfvD 6312bQ W
mcndtm 2711bQ)

zfpfsbv nmq W kfv swsN pf

htsk rq
zfpfb wcbst mczfpXdpb pf hst kf htsk rq. (hcJfvD 611bQ W
mcndtm 384bQ) zhwA rfqAf zftfn nftf-r W rfqAf
zftft Iftf-r wcsb }


iissKKvvnnt
t






6








tf rftf ztf jcWqfkf f dhf-r htsk rq. (mcndtm
385bQ)
zfpfb swN rst bhD -v iv lvl ifE jvsk rq. (mcndtm
384bQ)
zk}iv dbsbv lczf ifE jvsk rq,


.


zffmf vff rf-dpdrlX lf'WqfdkkX kf-mfr, znXnftf-dkt
jf-mfr, zf-dk mcrfmflfdbt znDtfkf ztIfpDtfrX, zhXzfnX
mfjf-mfm mfrmClfdbfpD Wqffr.
zKG }- sr zffr! sr idviCBG zfrfb W iadkftfHjfvD bfmfspv
iaHc! kcdm mcrfmfl -sj znDtfr (uffskv j ncy fb) W
mpGflf lfb jv hQ kf]sj kcdm sn iawQdnk fsb si]ZYfW, pfv
iadkwadk kcdm k]fsj lfb jsvY. (hcJfvD 614bQ)

ianafhJfbf W ifqJfbfq iashswv iCshGg W

shv rsq lczf
iashw jvfv iCshG htsh,







dhndmfr. zffmf D zfpc dhjf dmbft JchcdN zt Jfhf-N.
zKG }- zffrv bfm dbsq iashw jvdY. (hsb mfufr
297bQ,dkvdmpD 606 bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.) sr
zffr! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje JhDn dub W duD rsk zfwaq
iafKGbf jvdY. (hcJfvD 142 bQ)
iissKKvvnnt
t






7








shv rWqfv iv htsh, ocIvf-bfj. (zKfG{, skfmfv
[mf yf). (zfrmfl 6/155, zfhc lfl 30bQ, dkvdmpD 7bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)

Wpcv wcv hQ swsN iEbDq lcqf

Wpcv iCshG dhndmfr (zKGf{ zffrv bfm dbsq wcv jvdY)
htsk rq. (zfhc lfl 111bQ,dkvdmpD 25bQ,zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr
hstsYb.)
(iCBGHfsh dhndmf-drv vfrmf-dbv vfrDm htf dhdLnmk bq.)
Wpcv swsN htsk rq,

.
zfwXrflc zft tf-tf-rf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tf z
zfwXrflc zff mcrfmflfb zfhlc zvfnCtrc . zff-mfuXzftbD
dmbfkX kfWqf-hDbf zuXzftbD dmbft mckfkfrXdrvD-b.
zKG }- zfdm nf[A dldY, zffr hAkDk sjfb nkA ifnA sb,
dkdb jj, k]fv sjfb nmj[ sb. zfv zfdm nf[A dldY,
mcrfmfl  k]fv hflf hQ vnCt. (mcndtm 234bQ)
sr zffr! kcdm zfmfsj kWhfjfvD hQ idh zuGbjfvDslv
zHcG jv. (dkvdmpD 55bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)

hfdV sKsj shv rsk W hfdV

iashw jvsk
hfdV sKsj shv rhfv nmq htsk rq,
iissKKvvnnt
t






8

.


yfvB }- dhndmf-dr kfWftkc zftff-r, ztf rfWtf ztf
jcWqfkf f dhf-r. zffmf D zfpcdhjf zfb zfdpf zf
pff zf zfdpf zf pff zf zfpdtmf zf ptfmf zf
zfurftf zf qcAurftf zftfqAf.
zKG }- zfdm zffrv bfm dbsq shv rdY. zfdm zffrv iv
Hvnf jvdY. zffrv kWIDj YfVf ifi sKsj dIvfv hQ n{jfu
jvfv nfLA sb.
sr zffr! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY- zfdm
r hf zfmfsj jvf rq, zfmfv ilJtb rq zKhf zfmfv
ilJtb jvfsbf rq, zfdm zkAfyfv jdv hf zkAfyfdvk r,
zfdm mCJGfdm (mCsJGv bAfq znk zfyvB) jdv hf zfmfv iadk
mCJGfdm jvf rq- nh sKsj. (zfhc lfl 5094 bQ,dkvdmpD 3427 bQ,bfnf 5501
bQ, hsb mfufr 3884 bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb)
iashw jvfv nmq `dhndmfr' htsk rq. (mcndtm)

mndul iashw W dboGm jfst

mndul iashw jvfv nmq bhD -v iv lvl W nftfm ifE
j'sv



dhndmf-r, znXnf tf-kc znXnftf-mc zftf vfnCdtf-r htsh.)
(zfhc lfl 465bQ, bfnf 50bQ, hsb mfufr 771bQ,zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
zk}iv lczf htsh,

zffmfI kfrtD zfhWqf-hf vfrmfdkj.
iissKKvvnnt
t






9








zKG }- sr zffr! kcdm zfmfv ubA skfmfv jvBfv lvuf Jcst
lfW. (mcndtm 713bQ)
shv rhfv nmq htsh,


zffmf D zfnXzftcjf dmb IfpXdtj.
zKG }- sr zffr! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje skfmfv zbcoar
iafKGbf jvdY. (mcndtm 713bQ)

JfWqfv zfso W isv pf htsk rq

JfWqfv wcvsk dhndmfr htsk rq. (hcJfvD 5376bQW mcndtm
2022bQ)
JfWqfv swsN htsk rq, - zftrfmlc dtfr.
(mcndtm 2734bQ)
zKhf dbsbv lczf iVsk rq,


.


zftrfmlc dtf-dr rfmlfb jfnDvfb kfdqhfm mchf-vfjfb
IDdr ofvf mfjdIdqAb ztf mcWqffb ztf mcfoXbfb zfb
vffbf.
zKG }- zffrv ubA zodBk, idh W hjGkiCBG iawQnf. zjc,
dbvhdY iasqfub nfsi[ iawQnf, sr zfmfslv iaHc! (hcJfvD
5458bQ)
iissKKvvnnt
t






10

bkcb jfiV ivsk W jfiV Jctsk

bkcb jfiV ivfv nmq jfisVv bfm dbsq htsh,





.

zffmf tfjft rfmlc zfbkf jfnfkfbDr, zfn zftcjf
Jfvf z Jfvf mf ncdbzf tfr, z zfpc dhjf dmb wfdvGrD z
wfdvG mf ncdbzf tfr.
zKG }- sr zffr! skfmfv dbdms pfhkDq iawQnf. kcdm ef
zfmfsj ivfst. zfdm skfmfv dbje v mt hQ pfv ubA
iak jvf rsqsY kfv mt iafKGbf jvdY. zfv skfmfv dbje v
zmt hQ pfv ubA iak jvf rsqsY kfv zmt rsk
zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY. (zfhc lfl 4020bQ, bfnf 311bQ,dkvdmpD
1767bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
zfv jfiV sJftfv nmq `dhndmfr' htsk rq. (hbcn ncD
zf'mftct qAfdm zt tftf'sk hQ kfhfvfbD `zfWnfsk' rflDndesj
sJ jsvsYb. zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb. nrDt ufsm'
3610bQ, vWqft oftDt 50 bQ)

pfbhfrb yVfv nmq

dhndmfr, zftrfmlc dtfr. (v iv dbsbf zfqfk ifE
jvsh),
     &K &I
!34 /  LM  GM       N,  1& '
1   JG4'   ,+P
  !"

  1  R+,
  &,Q"  1    
zKG }- zffrv bfm dbsq yVdY. nm iawQnf zffrv. idh
iissKKvvnnt
t






11








mrfb dkdb dpdb zfmfslv ubA sj hwDHCk jsv dlsqsYb, zKy
zfmvf sj hwDHCk jvsk n[m dYtfm bf. zfmvf zfmfslv
iadkiftsjv dlsj zhwA iakAfhkGb jvh.
zk}iv iVsh zftrfmlc dtf-r dkbhfv. zff
zfjhfv. dkbhfv hQ v iv iVsh ,
.





nchrf-bfjf D pftfmkc bfInD IfodIvtD, f tf qAfoXdIvpX
pcbChf f zfX.
zKG}- kcdm idh. dbyq zfdm dbsuv iv zkAfyfv jsvdY.
nckvfQ kcdm zfmfsj mfuGbf jsv lfW. spsrkc sofbfrnmCrsj kcdm
YfVf sj [mf jvsk ifsv bf. (zfhc lfl2602, dkvdmpD 3446 W bfnf 506,
zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)

hfufsv iashwjfst



.
tf tf-rf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tf tft mctjc ztf
rfmlc qcArqD z qcAmDkc zqf rfqcAt tf qAfmCkc dh qAfdldrt Jfv
zqf zftf jcd wfdqAb jflDv.
zKG }- zffr YfVf sjfb nkA ifnA sb, dkdb jj, k]fv
sjfb zQwD sb. k]fv ubA nfvf vfuk hQ k]fv dbdms njt
iawQnf. dkdb uDdhk jsvb hQ mxkAc lfb jsvb. dkdb dyvDh,
k]fv mxkcA sb. k]fv rfsk njt mt hQ dkdb nhGhv iv
nhGwdmfb. (dkvdmpD 3428bQ, hsb mfufr 2235bQ)
iissKKvvnnt
t






12

mudtn sKsj Efv nmq

.




nchrf-bfjff-mf zdhrfmdljf, zfwrflc zft tf tf-rf
f zff zffoXdIvjf z zfkChc tfj.
zKG }- skfmfv idhkf hBGbf jdv sr zffr! skfmfv iawQnfv
nfsK. zfdm nf[A dldY sp, kcdm YfVf sj nkA ifnA sb. zfdm
skfmfv dbje [mf dH[f jvdY hQ skfmfv dbje kWhf jvdY.
(zfhc lfl 4859bQ, dkvdmpD 3433bQ)

D nsmv nmq
.




dhndmfr, zffmf ufdhbfw wfkf-bf z ufddhw wfkf-
bf mf vfpfjkfbf.
zKG }- zfdm zffrv bfm dbsq wcv jvdY. sr zffr! kcdm
zfmfslvsj wqkfb sKsj lCsv vfJ hQ kcdm pf (nfb) lfb jsvY
kf sKsj wqkfbsj lCsv vfJ. (hcJfvD 3271bQW mcndtm 1434bQ)

wqbjfst pf iVf rq



dhndmjff-mf zfrqAf z zfmCkc.
zKG}- skfmfv bfsm sr zffr! zfmvf h]fdy W mdv.
wqbjfvD lc jvktsj jdk jsv kfsk rff I]cj slsh hQ
`jct zfpc dhvfdt Iftfj' W `jct zfpc dhvfdfn' ifE
iissKKvvnnt
t






13








jvsh. kfviv pKfnHh nfvf wvDsv jvktlqsj hcdtsq sbsh.
mfKf, mcJmt W slsrv zoaHfo sKsj wcv jvsh. vi dkbhfv
jvsh. (hcJfvD 5748bQW mcndtm 2711bQ)
(dbsbv lczfW iVf rq,)



.

dhndmjf vfD zpf'kc ufmhD zdhjf zfvIf, Ifb
zfmnfjkf bfInD Ifvrfmrf zb zfvnftkfrf IfrIfprf
dhmf kfrIfpc dhrD hflfjfn nf-dtrDb.
zKG }- skfmfv bfsm-sr zfmfv iaHc! zfmfv ifhGsj vfJtfm
hQ skfmfv bfsm kf Efh. kf pdl kcdm zfmfv zfkfsj vsJ
bfW kfrst kfv iadk vrm jv. zfv pdl sYsV lfW kfrst kcdm
kf dlsq kfv drIfpk jv pf dlsq skfmfv sbj hflfslv drIfpk
jsv Kfj. (hcJfvD 6320bQ W mcndtm 2714bQ)
Ffb rfksj ofstv dbsy svsJ dkbhfv iVsh ,
.

zffmf djbD zfpf-hfjf qAfmf kfhzfnc hf-lfj.
zKG}- sr zffr! zfmfsj sndlb skfmfv zfpfh sKsj h]fyfsh-
spdlb kcdm skfmfv hflfslvsj icbvdk jvsh. (zfhc lfl
5045bQ, dkvdmpD 3398bQW zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)

.
tf tf-rf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tf tft mctjc
ztft rfmlc zqf zftf jcd wfdqAb jflDv.
iissKKvvnnt
t






14








sp hAd 10 hfv ifE jvsh sn hAd nmfstv hQswv yfvde
uDhbsj lfnkmc jvfv nmfb nWqfshv zdLjfvD rsh. (hcJfvD
6404bQW mcndtm 2693bQ)
dhndmf-drv vfrmf- dbv vfrDm
iafkAdrj zfpjfsvv pf djYc zfmfslv Hf nqb jsvsYb, kf
zhdrk rtfm hQ kf nQd[ ItianC icdjfvsi sitfm. zffrv
dbje iafKGbf sp, dkdb spb v fvfq njtsj ijxk jsvb hQ
nQjtsjv dbje sKsj kf jhct jsvb.
hstsYb v stJj} mcrfmfl dhb nf-str zft-NfmDb
6/6/1405 dr }

uftnf hf lsnGv iv rfk kcst

ufmfzfkD lczf
iaw }- nvfndv sjfvzfb sktfzskv iv ufmfkhHfsh lczf
jvf pfq dj? spmb j hAd lczf jvsh hQ hfjD stfj kfv
lczfv iv zfmDb htsh hQ Hfsh zdhvfm iaskAj lsnGv
swsN lczf jvf dhsLq dj ?
v }- dpjXv W hflk mCtk} dbslGw-nfsi[. zKfG{
wvDqskv dbslGw dhbf zffrv sjfb hflk jvf pfsh bf hQ
dkdb pf dhdLh jsvsYb kf hAkDk zbA djYc fvf k]fv hflk
jvf pfsh bf. zbcviHfsh hflksj nfLfvBjvB, dbdlG
nmqDHCkjvB, v dbdlG idk hBGb, dbdlG nQJAf dbLGfvB
iaHdx kW dbslGw-nfsi[. nckvfQ sp dpjXv W hflk zffr
kfzftf sjfb nmq, nQJAf, fb zKhf idk fvf dbdlG bf jsv
dhdLh jsvsYb, sn nm dpjXv W hflsk sjfb dbdlG idk,
nmq hf nQJAf kAfdlv zbchkGb zfmfslv ubA ShL bq. hvQ
iissKKvvnnt
t






15








zfmvf vi nfLfvBHfsh k]fv hflk jvh, spHfsh dhsLq jvf
rsqsY. zfv hfydbj hf jmGok ltDtnmCsr sp hflskv nmq,
nQJAf, fb hf idk dbdlG jvf rsqsY, zfmvf sjht wvDqsk
iamfdBk sn nm dbdlG sBv hflk pKf dbqsm iftb jvh.
dj bfmfp, jcvzfb dktfzk zKhf iaskAj lsnGv swsN mfsmv
lczf jvf W mcflDslv `zfmDb-zfmDb' htf zKhf njst
dmdtkHfsh jfjD ufmfzfkD lczf jvf vnCt  rsk; k]fv jKf,
jmG hf smZbnmKGsb iamfdBk bq. zfv jmG k]fv JctfIfsq
vfswlDb W njt nfrfhfhxslv jfsvf dbje rskW dhdlk W
idvdyk bq. nckvfQ sp hAd bfmfpnmCsrv iv, iaskAj jcvzfb
ifsEv swsN zKhf iaskAj lsnGv swsN ufmfzfkD lczf dbqdmk
j'sv Kfsj, sn lDsb dhlXzfk vybf jsv hQ kfsk zdHbh sn
jmG fhb jsv, pf kfv zHGc bq. iv mrfbhD  hstb,
sp hAd zfmfslv (lDbD) dhNsq zdHbh djYc vybf jsv pf
Wv zHcG bq, kf iakAfJAfk. (tfubfr lf-sqmfr, mfuffkct
hrCdnt ntfdmqAfr 21/52)

Wpc
Wpc rt sn Wqfsuh idhkf zuGsbv bfm pf sYfe zidhkf;
spmb ianafh, ifqJfbf, hfkjmG, oHDv dblaf hQ sev mfQn JfWqf
lvb jvsk rq.

W
Wppv
cv
c ddbbqqmm }}--
1. WpcjfvD iaKsm zsv Wpcv dbqk jvsh hQ mcsJ kf yfvB
jvsh bf; jfvB, mrfbhD  k]fv Wpc, k]fv bfmfp hQ k]fv zfsvf
iissKKvvnnt
t






16








zbAfbA njt hflskv dbqk mcsJ yfvB jsvb db. zfv spsrkc
zffr zsvv Jhv ufsbb; nckvfQ sn dhNsq Jhv slWqf
dbiasqfub.
2. zk}iv `dhndmf-r' htsh.
3. zk}iv jd ipG lc rfk sLfsh.
4. zk}iv ifdb lfvf dkbhfv jcd jvsh W bfj UfVsh.
5. zk}iv dkbhfv syrfvf sLfsh; j jfb sKsj ziv jfb
ipG yWVfq hQ jifst yct oufsbfv fb sKsj lfdVv dbsyv
zQw ipG tfq iCBG mcJmt sLZk jvsh.
6. zk}iv zfct sKsj jbc ipG Hq rfksj dkbhfv sLZk
jvsh; iaKsm Ffb rfk W isv hfm rfk sLfsh.
7. zk}iv jhfv mfKf mfnfr jvsh; lc rfk dHdusq mfKfv
nfmsbv zQw sKsj wcv j'sv swN zQw ipG sIvfsh. kfviv
icbvfq rfk lc'desj mfKfv nfmsbv zQswv dlsj dIdvsq zfbsh.
8. zk}iv jhfv jfb mfnfr jvsh; Hq kuGbD zfctsj
Hq jfsbv dHksvv zQsw iashw jdvsq dHksvv dlj hQ
Hq hcsVf zfct lfvf jfsbv hfsvv dlj mfnfr jvsh.
9. zk}iv dkbhfv zfct sKsj o]fe ipG Hq if-sj dkb
hfv sLZk jvsh; iaKsm Ffb if W isv hfm if sLfsh.

so f nt
sofnt sn Wqfsuh idhkf zuGsbv bfm pf hV zidhkf;
spmb nmudbk bfifjD W mdrtfslv mfdnj srkc jvsk rq.
iissKKvvnnt
t






17

ssooffnnsst
tvv ddbbqqmm
1. iaKsm mcsJ yfvB bf jsv sjht zsv sofnstv dbqk
jvsh.
2. zk}iv dhndmf-r htsh.
3. zk}iv iCBG Wpc jvsh.
4. zk}iv dkbhfv mfKfq ifdb Tftsh.
5. zk}iv nfvf slr sLZk jvsh.

kfqfmm
c
kfqfmcm rt sn hAdv Wpc W sofnstv idvhskG mfde lfvf
Wqfsuh idhkf zuGsbv bfm, sp hAd ifdb bf ifq zKhf
hAhrfsv [dkoa rq.

k
kffqqffmmsc sc mmvv ddbbqqmm
1. iaKsm Wpc hf sofnt pfv idvhskG kfqfmcm jvsY kfv dbqk
jvsh.
2. zk}iv mfde zKhf mfde stso Kfjf slWqft kAfdlsk lc
rfk mfvsh. zk}iv kfv fvf syrfvf W jD ipG lc rfk
mfnfr jvsh. (dvnftfr, wfqJ hsb NfmDb)

idhkf zusG b djYc Ht

c zfyvB
1. Wpc sofnt hf kfqfmcsmv wcvsk mcsJ dbqk iVf .
2. Wpc, sofnt hf kfqfmcsmv wcvsk `dhndmf-r' bf htf.
iissKKvvnnt
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18








3. Wpcv iaskAj z sLfqfv nmq `dhndmf-r' zKhf dbdlG
lczf iVf .
4. Ocm sKsj suso sE Wpc jvfv nmq iaKsm lc rfk bf Lcsq
ifdbv ifs rfk Fchfsbf.
5. ifdb shwD shwD Jvy jvf.
6. iCBGvsi Wpc bf jvf.
7. jbc zhdL icsvf rfk bf sLfqf.
8. olGfb mfnfr jvf. (de dhlzfk)
9. zsbsjv LfvBf sp, zidh bf rstW iaskAj Wpcv iCshG
wvmofr Lcsk rq.
10. djYc stfj dhswN jsv smfef hAd pJb sofnt jsv, kJb
kfv slsrv H]fsuv dHkv zQsw ifdb si]ZsY bf. jfvB, slsrv djYc
mfQn ivisvv iv sysi Kfsj spmb hcj W sisev zhf; ifdb
Tftfv nmq sjht isvv zQsw si]ZsY zKy kfv dbsy wcj sKsj
pfq. Ist sofntW zniCBG rq.
11. djYc stfj kfslv slsrv djYc zQw Wpc zKhf sofnstv
nmq ifdb bf si]ZdYsq sYsV slq. spmb zfcstv I]fj dhswN
jsv lc ifsqv zfctnmCsrv mLAhkDG t wcj sKsj pfq. Wpc
jvfv nmq lc ifsqv iv sjht ifdb sTst Kfsj zKy
zfcstv I]fsj-I]fsj ifdb si]ZsY bf. zbcvi zsbsjv sofVfdtW
wcj sKsj pfq.
12. zsbj stfsjv rfsk OdV zKhf zfcst zfQde Kfsj. Ist
Wpcv nmq kfv dbsyv zQw wcj sKsj pfq.
13. djYc stfsjv rfsk j iajfv sie stso Kfsj pfv fvf
slWqft vMfsbf rq. iajfv vM rfsk stso Kfjst yfmVfq
iissKKvvnnt
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19








ifdb si]ZsY bf. Ist Wpc zniCBG sKsj pfq.
14. zsbj mdrtf kfslv bsJ bJifdtw hAhrfv jsv; pfv msLA
ofPkf zfsY. sk bsJ ifdb si]ZYsk niCBGg hfLf slq, Ist Wpc
rq bf.
15. Wpcv swsN zfjfswv dlsj mfKf kcst lczf zKhf `f
zfbpftbf' iVf.
16. bfmfp bf Kfjf nsW Wpcv iv Wpc jvf.
17. djYc stfj zfsY pfvf D-nm jsv hQ hDpGifk bf rst
dbsu sofnt jsv bf hQ DsjW sofnt jvsk zfslw slq bf. pf
mrfHct.
18. Ivp sofnstv iv jfiV ivfv iCshG djYc stfsjv rfk dbu
tffsb isV; zKy kf djYc msb jsv bf. zfv sn Wpc-
sofnst bfmfp isV Kfsj!
19. djYc stfsjv dhhfn sp, Wpcv iaskAj z dkb dkbhfv bf
Lcst Wpc rq bf.
20. Wpcv njt hf djYc z dksbv zdLjhfv sLZk jvf.
21. pmpsmv ifdb lfvf Wpc bf jvf hQ ifdbsk Wpc jvsk
dLfshfL jvf, zfv v idvhskG kfqfmcm jvf!
22. djYc mdrtf zfsY, pfvf mfdnj sKsj idhf rWqfv iv swN
nmq ipG sofnt didYsq slq. pf mrfHct. mfdnj h rWqfv
nfsK-nfsK sofnt jvf uvvD.
23. djYc stfj zfsY pfslv Wpc sHs sost mcnffv dbsy rfk
smsv kfqfmcm jsv ufmfzfsk bfmfp isV, zKy WpcJfbfq ifdb
mucl Kfsj!
(mcJftfIfk dIfrfvfdk znnftfr sKsj nQoxrDk)
iissKKvvnnt
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20

bfmfp, kfv mpfl

G f W vk
bfmfp }- ntfsmv nmCsrv dlkDq . lc nf[A
(jstmf)v iv de ntfsmv zdLj kfjDliaf .
bfmfp }- lfn W kfv iaHcv mfsU j snkch. mrfbhD 
hstb, skfmfslv sj pJb bfmfp isV, kJb sn kfv iaHcv nfsK
sofisb hfjAftfi jsv. (hcJfvD 531bQ)
rflDsn jclnDsk zffr kfzftf hstb, `zfmfv W zfmfv hflfv
mfsU bfmfpsj lc Hfso Hfo jsvdY. zfmfv hflf kf ifq pf sn
iafKGbf jsv.' nckvfQ hflf pJb hst, `nm iawQnf zffrv ubA
dpdb dhwufrfsbv iadkiftj.' kJb zffr hstb, `zfmfv hflf
zfmfv iawQnf jvt.' hflf pJb hst, `dpdb ivm jvBfmq
lqfhfb.' kJb zffr hstb, `hflf zfmfv cdk hBGbf jvt.' hflf
pJb hst, `dpdb dhyfv dlhsnv zdLidk.' kJb zffr hstb,
`hflf zfmfv mdrmf hBGbf jvt.' hflf pJb hst, `zfmvf skfmfv
ifnbf jdv hQ skfmfv dbjse nfrfpA dH[f jdv.' kJb zffr
hstb, `ef zfmfv W zfmfv hflfv mfsU hQ zfmfv hflfv ubA
kf, pf sn pfybf jsv.' hflf pJb hst, `zfmfslvsj nvt iK
ialwGb jv; kfslv iK pfslvsj kcdm icvxk jsvY, kfslv iK bq
pfvf sfLHfub hQ kfslv iKW bq pfvf iK.' kJb zffr
kfzftf hstb, `ef zfmfv hflfv ubA hQ zfmfv hflfv ubA
kf pf sn iafKGbf jsv.' (mcndtm 395bQ)
bfmfp }- h hflskv hfdoyf. pfsk vsqsY nhGiajfv
bqbfdHvfm ifnbfv icivfdw. pfsk vsqsY kjhDv; pfv lfvf
bfmfp zfv jvf rq. vsqsY djqfm; pfsk bfmfpD zffrv jftfm
iissKKvvnnt
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21








ifE j'sv Kfsj. vjc; pfsk iaHsc j kf'pDm ufbfb rq. jWmfr; pf
zffrv iawQnfq idviCBG. dnulf; pfsk zffrv idhkf W mdrmf
sOfNBf jvf rq hQ zbcbq-dhbsqv nfsK lczf jvf rq. ShEj;
pfsk kfwfrl W lczf jvf rq. zfv nftfsmv nfsK pfv nmfd rq.
bfmfp }- ocvkiCBG dhNsq W dhisl nfrfpA, sbfQvf W zwDt
jsmG iadkhj. zffr kfzftf hstb, (
)
zKGf{, skfmvf SLpG W bfmfspv mfLAsm nfrfpA iafKGbf jv. (nCvf
hfjfvfr 45 zfqfk)
dkdb zfsvf hstb,
1  , 3T,
  1 M
S> & 3T,  1 9     2U,
   )'     VW
 E,M

    ' X
 

  &K
  YZ[  ,  
   )C
zKGf{, kcdm skfmfv iadk iakAfdl oa zfhxd jv hQ
pKfpKHfsh bfmfp iV. dbyq bfmfp zwDt W ml jfu sKsj
dhvk vfsJ. (nCvf zfbjfhck45)
bfmfp }- mcdmbslv rlsqv hQ djqfmskv suAfdk. mrfbhD
 hstb, bfmfp suAfdk. (mcndtm 223bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb,
sp hAd bfmfspv drIfpk jsv kfv ubA kf djqfmskv suAfdk,
ltDt W idvfsBv jfvB rsh. (zfrXml 2/169, hsb drfb 1465bQ
W kfhfvfbD, mcbspvD hstb, rflDndev nbl m. dmwjfk 578bQ)
bfmfp }- mcdmbslv zsvv iaIc kf W y[cv wDktkf.
mrfbhD  hstb, bfmfsp zfmfv y[c-wDktkf jvf rsqsY.
(zfrml 3/128, 199, 285ix}, bfnf 7/61ix}, zfthfbD rflDndesj
nrDr hstsYb.)
bfmfp }- ifi smfyb jsv, sofbfr [ftb jsv. mrfbhD 
hstb, dj msb jv skfmvf? pdl skfmfslv jfsvf lvufv ndjse
iissKKvvnnt
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22








jde blD Kfsj, pfsk sn iakAr i]fyhfv sofnt jsv, kfrst kfv
(slsr) sjfb mqtf zhdw Kfjsh dj? njst htt, `kfv sjfb
mqtf zhdw Kfjsh bf.' dkdb htstb, zbcvi i]fy Wqf
bfmfspv imf. v lfvf zffr ifivfdwsj mcsY sIstb. (hcJfvD
528bQ,mcndtm 667)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, i]fy Wqf bfmfp hQ ucmzfr sKsj
ucmzfr ipG zhGkDG-jftDb Odek ifsiv iafqdy, pk[B
jfhDvf sofbfr (mrfifi) bf jvf rq. (mcndtm 233bQ)
ufmfzfskv bfmfp jfjDv bfmfp zsi[f nfkfw ocB m.
rflDndesj hsb mfv  bhD  rsk hBGbf jsvsYb. (hcJfvD
645bQ, mcndtm 650bQ) hsb mfnl  hstb, sp hAd jft
zffrv nfsK mcndtm rsq nf[f{ jvsk zfblshfL jsv, kfv
dyk, spJfsb zfrhfb jvf rq snJfsb (zKGf{ mndusl)
bfmfpocdtv drIfpk jvf. zhwA zffr kfzftf skfmfslv bhDv
ubA h drlfqfskv iK W zflwG dhdLh jsvsYb hQ
(bfmfp)dt drlfqfskv iK W zflswGv zHGc. pdl skfmvf
skfmfslv nosx r bfmfp isV bfW, spmb iyflXofmD kfv nosx r
bfmfp isV Kfsj, kfrst skfmvf skfmfslv bhDv zflwG W kvDjf
huGb j'sv sItsh. zfv pdl skfmvf skfmfslv bhDv zflwG W
kvDjf huGb j'sv sIt, kfrst skfmvf rsq pfsh. sp hAd
nclvHfsh idhkf zuGb (Wpc) jsv mndulnmCsrv sjfb
mnduslv iadk (spsk) iah x rq, zffr kfv iaskAj ils[siv
idvhskG jde jsv sbjD dtdih jsvb, v lfvfq kfsj j
mpGflfq Dk jsvb W v lfvfq kfv jde ifi [q jsvb.
zfmvf slsJdY sp, dhdlk jiekfv jie (mcbfdIj) YfVf bfmfp
sKsj sj iyfsk Kfjk bf hQ mfbcNsj lcde stfsjv j]fsL
iissKKvvnnt
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23








Hv jsv r]fdesq sb jfkfsv JfVf jvf rk. (mcndtm 654bQ)
bfmfsp dhbdk }- zvsj idk svsJ jfoakfv nfsK
bfmfspv drIfpk W ncpk jvf. pf uffsk iashwfdLjfv ifWqfv
j srkc. zffr kfzf-tf hstb,

)






(
zKGf{, mcdmboB zhwA nItjfm rsqsY; pfvf dbsuslv bfmfsp
dhbq-bm,a pfvf znfv dqfjtfi rsk dhvk Kfsj, pfvf
pfjfklfsb ndq, pfvf dbsuslv spZbf nQpk vfsJ; ksh
dbsuslv ikD zKhf zdLjfvHc lfdnosBv s[s zbAKf jvst
kfvf dkvxk bq. zfv pfvf slv YfVf zbAsj jfmbf jsv kfvf
nDmftQObjfvD. zfv pfvf zfmfbk W iadkwadk v[f jsv, hQ
pfvf dbsuslv bfmfsp npkhfb. --kfvf rsh zdLjfvD;
dIvlfsnv zdLjfvD, pfsk Wvf dyvfqD Kfjsh. (nCvf mc'dmbCb}
1-11 zfqfk)
dhwc W jfoadys jmf zffrv nd-dhLfsbv sswA
bfmfp zflfq jvf hQ kf ncfq (nrDr rflDsn) hdBGk dbqm-
idkv zbchkGD rWqf -- lc'de rt bfmfp jhct rWqfv
smZdtj wkG. mrfbhD  hstb, njt zfmt (jmG) skf dbqk
fvf wc rq hQ mfbcsNv ubA kf iafiA, pfv sn dbqk (swA
iissKKvvnnt
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24








W nQji) j'sv Kfsj. (hcJfvD 1bQW mcndtm 1907bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, skfmvf dEj skmbHfsh bfmfp iV,
spmbHfsh zfmfsj iVsk slsJY. (hcJfvD 631bQ)
dtsJsYb-mcrfmfl dhb nfstr zft-NfmDb 13/4/1406 dr}

mrfbhD 
-v bfmfp iVfv idk
(mfm hbct jfsqsmv `pf-lct mfzf-l' hQ wfqJ hsb hfspv
`dnIfkc nftf-dkb bfhD ' sKsj nQoxrDk)
1. dbqk }-
bfmfspv nmq bfmfpD zffrv hflk jvfv dbqk (nQji)
jvsh hQ zsv bfmfpsj dbdlG jvsh; pdl dbdlG bfmfp rq.
mrfbhD  zKhf sjfb nfrfhD jkxGj jKfv sJ sb sp, k]fvf
sj dbqk mcsJ yfvB jsvsYb djQhf `bfWqfkc zfb
nfdqf||||' hstsYb.
2. kfrvDmfv kfjhDv }-
mrfbhD  pJb bfmfp iVsk lfqmfb rskb kJb sjhtf
(jf'hf wvDI)sj nfmsb jvskb hQ `zff- zfjhfv'
htskb. rfk lcdesj-kfv zfctstfsj iatdk svsJ sjhtfv
nmcJ jsv jfsbv idvHfo zKhf j]fL hvfhv kctskb. zk}iv
Ffb rfkde hfm rfskv iv svsJ hcsjv iv vfJskb (h]fLskb).
3. zk}iv dIkfrv lczf ifE jvskb,




.


iissKKvvnnt
t






25








zf-mf hf-l hfbD z hfbf Jfkf-qAf-qAf jfmf hf-zff
hfbft mfwdvdj zt-mfodvh, zff-mf bfjdjbD dmbft Jfkf-
qAf, jfmf qcAbfjjf N Nfhct zfhqAfpc dmbflX lfbfn. zff-
mfodnt Jfkf-qAf-qAf dht mf- zNX-Nftdu zt-hfvfl.
zKG }- sr zffr! zfmfv W zfmfv sofbfrnmCsrv mfsU kef
kIf{ jsv lfW, spmb kcdm iChG W idysmv mfsU kIf{ jsvY.
zffr sof! zfmfsj sofbfr sKsj Hfsh idvjfv jv, spHfsh
nflf jfiV mqtf sKsj idvjfv jvf rq. sr zffr! zfmfv
sofbfrnmCrsj ifdb, hvI W jvjf lfvf sLZk jsv lfW.
(hcJfvD744bQ, mcndtm 598bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf dbsbv lczf ifE jsv bfmfp wcv jvskb,
.



nchrf-bfjff-mf z dhrfmdljf z kfhf-vfjfnmcjf z
kfzf-tf ufcjf z tf tf-rf ofvj.
zKG }- sr zffr! skfmfv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jvdY, skfmfv
bfm hjGkmq, skfmfv mdrmf zdk y hQ kcdm YfVf sj nkA
ifnA sb. (zfrml 3/50 dkvdmpD 242bQ, zfhclfl 775bQ, hsb
mfufr 804bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
4. zk}iv (dIkfrv iv) htskb,
   1  7[,
],   \ )'   C
 
 \%
zfpc dhf-dr dmbfw wfkf-dbv vfuDm.
zKG }- zfdm zffrv dbje dhkfdVk wqkfb Ksj zfwaq iafKGbf
jvdY.
5. zk}iv nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvskb. kfv iCshG db}ws
iissKKvvnnt
t






26









W,  
  1 % F
 1 )^,
`dhndmf-drv vfrmf-dbv vfrDm' iVskb.
nCvf Ifdkrf dbbvi}-
 1   <!`G
_*M  1  ,)*<,
    _*M   / a*
   E3'  , W,
   1 )^,     2I
  1  ,JK`,    

/  \% <6b
   , >3C    , 4UFK      ,J`UFG
    
     #d
2c=K      e6`G
     )*+,
  1 fg       fh,
  / G<PM

    C
  / 1   >3
 J,c,
yfvB}- zftrfmlc dtf-dr vfdt zf'-tfmDb. zfvvfrmf-dbv
vfrDm. mf-dtdj qAfdmDb. qAf-jf bf'hclc zqAf-jf bffb.
rXdlbfnX dnvf-kft mcfjDm. dnvf-kffpDbf zfbXzf'mkf
zftfdrm. ofdvt mfopCdh zftfdrm ztfp pf-Db.
zKG}- nm iawQnf nfvf ufrfsbv iadkiftj zffrv ubA. dpdb
zb jvBfmq, ivm lqftc. dpdb dhyfv dlsbv mfdtj. zfmvf sjht
skfmfv hflk jdv hQ skfmfv jfsY nfrfpA yf. zfmfslvsj
nvt iK slJfW; kfslv iK -pfslvsj kcdm icvfv lfb jsvY.
kfslv iK bq -pfvf sfLHfub (qflD) hQ pfvf iK (dJafb).
zk}iv nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvf swN jvst `zf-mDb' (jhct jv)
htskb. djvfzfk nws jvst ynsv (zf-mDb) htskb hQ
k]fv iyfsk mcjkflDvfW zbcvi htskb.
k]fv djvfzfk dYt efbf-efbf. iaskAj zfqfk swsN sKsm spskb
hQ kfsk zfWqfu tf jvskb. (hcJfvD 5045bQ)
sm nftfmfr (vf}) rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, vfnCtcfr -v
djvfzfk dYt, dhndmf-drv vfrmf-dbv vfrDm. zftrfmlc dtf-
dr vfdt zf-tfmDb. zfvGfrmf-dbv vfrDm. mf-dtdj qAfdmDb.
(zfrmfl 6/302ix}, zfhc lfl 4/4001ix} W dkvdmpD 2/152ix}
iissKKvvnnt
t






27








,zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
(zKGf{ iaskAj zfqfk swsN Kfmskb).
6. zk}iv nCvf Ifdkrf iVf swN jsv (jec) yci Kfjskb.
(zfrmfl 5/7,15,20,21,23 zfhc lfl 779bQ dkvdmpD 251bQ, zfthfbD
rflDndesj pqDI hstsYb.)
7. nCvf Ifdkrfv iv zbA jde nCvf ifE jvskb. dkDq
nCvfde Iusv tf iVskb, zhwA jJsbf jJsbf nIv kAfdlv
jfvsB rff jsvW iVskb. mfosvsh zdLjfQw sYfe nCvf ifE
jvskb hQ zhdw bfmfsp mfUfmfdU nCvf iVskb.

lwde nCvf hQ kfv yfvB W

zbchfl
dbsm jsqjde sYfe sYfe nCvf yfvB W zKGnr stJf rt. dt
hQ zbAfbA zfsvf hV nCvf jcvzfb mfuDl sKsj zKhf sjfb
jfvDv mcJ sKsj wcsb mcJ jvf sbWqf bfmfpDv jkGhA. iajfw
Kfsj sp, jcvzfbD zfqfskv yfvB zbA HfNfq jvf nHh bq
hQ zsbj tfmfv msk kf ShLW bq.

(1) nCvf bfn


   k
i1   j
i1
    m
i", /  )'  &, N,M
 l
i1  &, E3' /   C
 &, 2     X9

 &, A1 &?
q
i1  )'     H  i"*
 &, I<
 p
i1

     R+,  &n
 1  o
i1 
iissKKvvnnt
t






28








yfvB}- jct zfpc dhvdbX bf-n. mfdtdjbX bf-n. tf-drbX
bf-n. dmbX wfdvGt znWqf-dnt Jff-n. zffpD Wqfndhnc ID
nclCdvbX bf-n. dmbft dufdk zbX bf-n.
zKG}- kcdm ht, zfdm zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY, mfbcsNv iadkiftj,
mfbcsNv zLDwv, mfbcsNv ifsnAv jfsY- kfv jcmBfv zdb
rsk, sp ncspfomk zfsn W (jcmBf dlsq) nsv isV. sp jcmBf
slq mfbcsNv rlsq, dub W mfbcsNv mLA rsk.
(2) nCvf Iftfj

   M
l
s9 t   m )'
  r"d     ' m      2
/   C
    X9

/   k
r3B /  )'
 j
r3,
p
<FW t  m )'
  <"W
   M     H uv1
  1 &, m )' 
 /   o
<4`,  /  
yfvB}- jct zfpc dhvdt Iftfj. dmb wfdvG mf Jftfj.
zdmb wfdvG of-dndjb pf zjfh. zdmb wfdvGbX bfIXIf-nf-dk
dIt jfl. zdmb wfdvG rf-dndlb pf rfnfl.
zKG}- kcdm ht, zfdm zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY Nfv iaHcv dbje.
dkdb pf nxd jsvsYb kfv zdb rsk. hQ vfskv zdb rsk
pJb kf oHDv zjfsv zfY rq. hQ oadsk Ic{jfdvBD
(pflcjvD)slv zdb rsk. hQ drQncsjv zdb rsk pJb sn
drQnf jsv.

(3) nCvf Jtfn


w   
o
<W  1 )*
.   N,      x
  l
<,*
    x     x k
<6T,
  <3* w   % P
  1 % j
<W 
  X9
iissKKvvnnt
t






29








yfvB}- jt
c Wqff- zfrfl. zff-n nfmfl. tfm qAfdtl,
ztfm tfl. ztfm qAfjctX tf jcIcWqfb zfrfl.
zKG}- ht, dkdb zffr jj. zffr Hvnft. dkdb ubj bb
hQ ufkjW bb. zfv k]fv nmj[ sj sb.

(4) nCvf tfrfh


  IG
u .  {T"
    k
sF
   '    N &C S&d
  N,'   ' j
s 1  1 sy    <*
t   z   e!
 1
t )' Xw !W P<]  
p
<F'  1  /     H  o
s7b     A,^       l
sy
  1  N' t 
yfvB}- kff{ qAflf zfhD tfrfdh] zkfX. mf zfoXbf zfb
mf-tc zmf jfnfh. nfqAfntf bf-vfb pf-kf tfrfh. zmvfzfkc
rfmf-tfkft rfkfh. ID uDdlrf rfhtcm dmm mfnfl.
zKG}- LQn srfj zfhC tfrfshv lc rfk hQ LQn srfj sn
dbsuW. kfv Lb-nil W ifduGk h kfv sjfb ijfsv
zfnsh bf. sn iashw jvsh stdtrfb dwJfdhdw zdojsc . zfv
kfv DW -sp jfsEv shfUf hrbjfdvBD. Wv otslsw sJucv syfjfv
vdw rsh.

(5) nCvf bfnXv


k
]    H  3B<*
.    % )*@       i1      j
|U,
 &, e*I      % hG
   Y] 
  M
   |!F
. 1  
l
  1  =U"
  NGM       EI  /  <6
  / 
iissKKvvnnt
t






30








yfvB}- pf uf-zf bfnXvf-dr zt IfkXr. zvfzfkfbX bf-
nf qAflXJctCbf ID lDdbf-dr zfIWqfuf. Ifnfdr dhrfmdl vfdjf
zfodIv; f jf-bf kfWqf-hf.
zKG}- pJb zfnsh zffrv nfrfpA W dhuq. kcdm slJsh
mfbcNsj lst lst zffrv Dsb iashw jvsk. kJb kcdm skfmfv
iadkiftsjv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jv hQ k]fv dbje [mf
iafKGbf jv. dbyq dkdb [mfwDt.

(6) nCvf jf-dIvb


G    l
<!C      UG
    ' <C       k
<!`      ' <!       -
   j
,
  C  0  * X9

  

q
)*@    
  &*@
   p
<!C
 ,
      UG
    ' <C       o
<!C w 
 0    '1 <C
yfvB}- jct qf zfqcrft jf-dIvb. tf- zf'hclc mf-
kf'hclCb. ztf- zfm zf'-dhlCbf mf- zf'hcl. ztf- zfbf zf'-
dhlcm mf zf'hfcm. ztf- zfm zf'-dhlCbf mf- zf'hcl. tfjcm
lDbcjcm zdtqf lDb.
zKG}- ht, sr jfsIvlt! zfdm kfv ifnbf jdv bf, pfv ifnbf
skfmvf jv. skfmvfW k]fv ifnj bW, p]fv ifnbf zfdm jdv. zfdm
kfv ifnj rh bf, pfv ifnbf skfmvf jv. zfv skfmvfW k]fv
ifnj bW, p]fv ifnbf zfdm jdv. skfmfslv LmG skfmfslv hQ
zfmfv LmG zfmfv (jfsY diaq).
iissKKvvnnt
t






31

(7) nCvf jfnfv


    P
l
}~     M
  E5G 1  k
  G  /   XT
  E, /   j
v,     GM1 
 &7C
     _
yfvB}- f- zf'kfbf-jft jfNfv. Ifnfd dtvdjf
zbXrfv. f- wf-dbzfjf Wqft zfhkfv.
zKG}- db}nslsr zfdm skfmfsj jfnfv (rWp) lfb jsvdY.
nckvfQ kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv sswA bfmfp iV hQ jcvhfbD
jv. dbyq skfmfv w rt dbhGQw.

(8) nCvf jcvfw


   / A3WI 
    >*M   
 2I
+P        k
T,
1  <!`3  1  YU[,      j
*9
t    *
t  )' >&'(     
o
B   /    1 t  ] )'       R+,
 >6`  1  l
e!,

yfvB}- dttf-dI jvc fwX. tf-dIdrm dvrXtfkfw dwkf-
znXnfIX. Ift qAf'hclc vf rf-pft hfkX. zffpD zfkXzfmfm
dmb uC'. zzf-mfbfm dmb JfIX.
zKG}- spsrkc jcvfswv ubA wDk W oaDsmv nIvsj kfslv
HfhnctH jvf rsqsY, snsrkc Wvf ifnbf jvj oxsrv
v[sjv. dpdb [cLfq Wslvsj zfrfv dlsqsYb hQ HDdk rsk
dbvfil jsvsYb.
iissKKvvnnt
t






32

(9) nCvf IDt


t     H  P<
k
X3c      X`     2
     x  j
X,    EI
    0  X`       x 
   

      o
X"
>3` t  /  )' t
 / I
    l
X
   >'         . #      X"I
  >3C   
t    T`t
p
:' 1  
yfvB}- zftfm kfvf jfIf Ifzftf vcjf dhzfnXrf-dht
IDt. zftfm qAfuXzftX jflfm ID kfptDt. zzfvnftf
zftfdrm kfvfb zfhf-dht. kfvmDdrm dhdrufvfdkm dmb
dnDt. Ifufzftfm jfzfnXdIm mf'jCt.
zKG}- kcdm dj slJ db, skfmfv iadkiftj rDhfdrbDv ns jD
jsvdYstb? dkdb dj Wslv sjZwtsj hAKG jsv slb db? dkdb
kfslv iv U]fsj U]fsj ifdJ siavB jsvb. pfvf Wslv iv
dbs[i jsv jv. zk}iv dkdb Wslvsj Hd[k kxBnlxw jsv
slb.

(10) nCvf zfnXv


       &'( )*+,      M
ubT,
 1 36C   1 1 M k
B t   V,   FG
 1  j
h`,
   

l
T,   1   /    

     rb   
yfvB}- ztX zfnXv. ft bnf-bf tfID JcnXv. ffpDbf
zf-mfbC zzf'dmtcn nf-dtrf-dk zkfWqfnf dht rfd
zkfWqfnf dhnXnfhXv.
iissKKvvnnt
t






33








zKG}- mrfjfstv wiK! mfbcN zhwA [dkoa. ksh kfvf bq,
pfvf mfb sb n{jmG jsvsY hQ sj zivsj nkA W SLspGv
islw dlsqsY.
8. nCvf ifE swN jsv vjc jvfv iCshG jec yci Kfjskb, pfsk
ndv db}hfn dIsv zfsn. (dkvdmpD 251bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj pqDI
hstsYb.)
zk}iv lc rfk j]fL zKhf jfb hvfhv kcst `zff
zfjhfv' hst vjc jvskb. rfskv mcdE lcdesj lc r]fecv iv
svsJ LfvB jvskb. zfctocdtsj I]fj I]fj jsv vfJskb, rfk
(hf) lcdesj i]fuv sKsj lCsv vfJskb. diEsj nefb W snfuf
dhdYsq dlskb. mfKfsj dEj diE hvfhv snfuf vfJskb, pf diE
sKsj bf ]yc rk bf dbyc. vjcsk ifE jvskb,
nchrf-bf vfdqft zfpDm (dkbhfv)
zKG }- zfdm zfmfv mrfb iadkiftsjv idhkf hBGbf jvdY.
(mcndtm 772bQ)
jJsbf hf v nfsK iVskb ,



nchrf-bfjff-mf vffbf z dhrfmdljff-
mfodIvtD.
zKG }- sr zffr! skfmfv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jvdY sr
zfmfslv iaHc! zffr sof! kcdm zfmfsj mfI j'sv lfW. (hcJfvD
794bQ, mcndtm 484bQ)
9. zk}iv
`nfdmzff- dtmfb rfdmlfr' (zKGf{ sp zffrv iawQnf jsv,
kfv iawQnf dkdb wahB jsvb.) hst lc rfk (iCshGv bAfq) kcst
iissKKvvnnt
t






34








vjc sKsj mfKf kctskb. kfviv pJb niCBGHfsh JfVf rsq
spskb, kJb htskb,

`vffbf z tfjft rfmlX.'(zKGf{ sr zfmfslv
iaHc! nm iawQnf skfmfv dbdms.)
zfv efW wcHfsh iamfdBk sp, dkdb (jJsbf jJsbf) fsb
htskb,




.
nfdm zff- dtmfb rfdmlfr. zffmf vffbf ztfjft
rfmlc dmtzfn nfmf-Wqf-dk zdmtzft zfvdp zdmtzf mf dw'kf
dmb wfdqb hf'l, zfrtfn nfbf- zt-mfuXl, zfrfjXjc mf jf-
tft zfhXlX, z jccbf tfjf zfhXlX. tf mf-dbzf dtmf zf'kfkf
ztf mc'dkqf dtmf mfbf'kf ztf qAfbIf pftufd dmbjft
ufX.
zKG }- sr zfmfslv iaHc! skfmfv dbdms zfjfwmtD W
ixdKhDiCBG hQ v isvW kcdm pf yfW kf iCBG pfhkDq iawQnf. sr
iawQnf W soZvshv zdLjfvD! hflfv nhsysq nkA jKf,-- zfv
zfmvf iaskAsj skfmfv hflf-- `kcdm pf ialfb jv kf svfL jvfv
hQ pf svfL jv kf ialfb jvfv nfLA jfsvf sb. zfv Lbhfsbv
Lb (skfmfv zfpfh sKsj mcd sisk) sjfb ijfsv zfnsh bf.'
(mcndtm 477bQ)
10. zk}iv kjhDv hst dnulfq idkk rskb hQ nmq zfv
iissKKvvnnt
t






35








rfk kctskb bf. (hcJfvD 738bQ) nmq rfklcdev iCshG r]fecqsj
mfdesk vfJskb. (zfhc lfl 838bQ,dkvdmpD 268bQ ,bfnf 2/207ix}
hsb mfufr 882bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj pqDI hstsYb.) (nrDr rflDsn r]fecv
iCshG rfk vfJfv jKf zfsY. -zbchflj)
zk}iv jift W bfj vfJskb. dnulfsk jift W bfjsj
HCdmv nfsK tfdosq dlskb. (hcJfvD 812bQ) rfk (hf) lcdesj
i]fuv sKsj lCsv vfJskb hQ Hsqv mfsU kef I]fj jvskb,
pfsk k]fv hostv wckf slJf spk. iasjf (jbc rsk jd
ipG rfskv zQw, rfskv vtf) lc'desj udmsb dhdYsq vfJskb
bf; hvQ iv dlsj kcst vfJskb. (hcJfvD 807bQ) rfk (sysef)
lcdesj j]fL hvfhv mfdesk vfJskb, (zfhc lfl 721bQ, dkvdmpD
355bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.) jJsbf hf jfb hvfhv
dhdYsq vfJskb. (zfhc lfl 728bQ,bfnf 878bQ,zfthfbD rflDndesj
nrDr hstsYb.) dnulfq snfuf Kfjskb (zKGf{ diE ]yc-dbyc bf
svsJ hvfhv vfJskb.) ifsqv zfctocdtsj sjhtfmcJD jvskb.
(hcJfvD 828bQ) rfskv skstf W zfctocdtsj dhdYsq dlskb hQ
zfctocdtsj bf Jcst vfJskb, bf h jsv. dnulfq dkdb
iVskb,
nchrf-bf vfdqft zf'tf.(3 hfv)
zKG }- zfdm zfmfv ncmrfb iaHvc idhkf sOfNBf jvdY. (mcndtm
772bQ)
jJsbf hf v nfsK htskb,
.


nchrf-bfjff-mf vffbf z dhrfmdljff-mfodIvtD.
zKG }- sr zffr! skfmfv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jdv, sr
iissKKvvnnt
t






36








zfmfslv iadkiftj! kcdm zfmfsj [mf jv sr zffr !
11. zk}iv kjhDv hst hQ rfk bf kcst dnulf sKsj mfKf
kctskb. rfk lcdev iCshG mfKf Efskb. kfviv hfm if-sj dhdYsq
kfv iv hnskb hQ Ffb if-sj JfVf vfJskb. (hcJfvD 228bQW
mcndtm 498bQ) ifsqv zfctocdtsj sjhtfmcJD jsv dbskb.
(bfnf 1157bQ, hsb mv sKsj hBGbf jsvsYb, dkdb hstb, de bfmfspv
jde nck. zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.) rfk lcdesj lc ufsv
iv vfJskb. Ffb rfskv jbcsj Ffb ufsv iv hQ mcdEsj
r]fecv iv vfJskb. zk}iv lcde zfct (hxf W mLAmf)sj
iviv dmdtsq hftfv mk jvskb hQ (kuGbD) zfct dEsq
lczf jvskb zfv drtfskb. Wqft dhb uXv vi k]fv dbje
sKsj hBGbf jsvsYb. (zfhc lfl 957bQ, bfnf 1264bQ, zfthfbD
rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
zk}iv lc dnulfv mfsU htskb,
.
`zffmfodIvtD zvrfmbD, zuhcvbD zrdlbD zvpcjbD.'
zKG}- sr zffr! zfmfsj [mf jv, zfmfv iv vrm jv,
zfmfv iasqfub dmefW, zfmfsj n{iK slJfW hQ uDdhjf lfb
jv. (zfhc lfl 850bQ,dkvdmpD 284bQ hsb mfufr 898bQ, zfthfbD
rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
hdBGk sp,dkdb lc dnulfv mfsU lczfW ifE jvskb,
.


vfdodIvtD, vfdodIvtD. zKGf{, sr zffr! zfmfsj
mfuGbf jsv lfW. 2hfv. (zfhc lfl 874bQ,bfnf 1144bQ,hsb
mfufr 897bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
iissKKvvnnt
t






37








lc dnulfv mfsU lDOGnmq hnskb. SlsOAv ubA htf rk
sp, dkdb dbyq Hcst sosYb.' (hcJfvD 824bQ W mcndtm 472bQ)
12. zk}iv iaKm dnulfv mk dlkDq dnulf jvskb. kfviv
dnulf sKsj sE snfuf rsq hsn spskb. (hcJfvD 822bQ)
zk}iv lc ifsqv ifkfv zoa Hfo W lc r]fecv iv yfi svsJ
lc ufsv iv Hv jsv JfVf rskb---pdl vi k]fv ubA nru
rk kfrst; bsy{ j rst (lc rfk) mfdev iv Hv dlsq dlkDq
vfjfskv ubA sE JfVf rskb. (hcJfvD 824bQ)
13. pJb dlkDq vfjfskv ubA sE lfqmfb rskb, kJb
nfsK nfsK djvfzfk wcv jvskb hQ yci Kfjskb bf; (mcndtm
599bQ) spmb bfmfp wcv jvfv nmq yci Kfjskb. vfjzfsk
`zfpc dhfr---' iVskb bf, spsrkc bfmfspv iafvs `zfpc
dhfr----' psK.
dlkDq vfjzfkW iaKm vfjfzfskv zbcvi iVskb. zhwA
sk yfvde dhNsq zbAKf jvskb; yci bf Kfjf, dIkfrv lczf
bf iVf, kfrvDmfv kjhDv bf htf hQ iaKm vfjzfskv mk
vfjzfkdesj tf bf jvf. spsrkc dkdb dlkDq vfjzfksj iaKm
vfjzfskv kctbfq sYfe j'sv iVskb. nckvfQ iaKm vfjzfkde
kctbfmCtjHfsh tf rk.
14. pJb kfwfrXsl hnskb, kJb hfm rfkdesj hfm ufsv
iv hQ Ffb rfkdesj Ffb ufsv iv vfJskb, zfv
rfskv lc zfct zbfdmjf W jdbfsj ocdesq vfJskb, hxf W
mLAmf dlsq hftf hfbfskb hQ kuGbDsj snfuf JfVf bf svsJ-hvQ
jec U]cdjsq svsJ lczf jvskb. y[cldx zfcstv iv dbh
vfJskb hQ hfm jvktsj hfm ufsv iv dhdYsq vfJskb.
iissKKvvnnt
t






38








ShEsj hnfv idk lc dnulfv mfsU ShEsj hnfv zbcvi -
- spmb iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY. hfm ifsqv iv ifYf svsJ
hnskb hQ Ffb if (v ifkf) sj JfVf vfJskb. (hcJfvD 828bQ,
mcndtm 498bQ) ShEsj idk YfVf zbA djYc hdBGk rqdb.
ShEsj dkdb htskb,





.
zfkX kfdrqAf-kc dtf-dr znXnftf-Wqf-kc zkkfdqhf-kc
zfnnftf-mc zftfjf zfqcArfb bfdhqcA zvfrmfkcf-dr
zhfvfjf-kcr. zfnnftf-mc zftfbf zzftf hf-dlf-drn nf-
dtrDb. zfwXrflc zft tf tf-rf ff- z zfwrflc zff
mcrfmflfb zfhlc zvfnCtcr.
zKG}- pfhkDq smZdJj, wfvDdvj W zfdKGj hflk zffrv
dbdms. sr bhD! zfibfv iv njt iajfv wfd, zffrv vrmk
hQ k]fv hvjk hNGB srfj. zfmfslv iv hQ zffrv sbj
hflfosBv iv nhGiajfv wfd hdNGk srfj. zfdm nfd[ dldY sp,
zffr hAkDk sjfb nkA mf'hcl sb hQ zfsvf nfd[ dldY sp,
mcrfmfl () k]fv lfn W siadvk vnCt. (hcJfvD 831bQ,mcndtm
402bQ) dkdb kfwfrlsj Jch rff iVskb. msb rk, spb
dkdb k ifKsv hnskb. (dj rflDnde pqDI. pqDI zfhC lfl
177, pqDI dkvdmpD 57, pqDI bfnf 55bQ, kfmfmct dmfr 224ix})
15. zk}iv kjhDv hst lc ifsqv ifkfv zoaHfo W lc
r]fecv iv ht jsv hQ (lc rfk lfvf) lc ufsv iv Hv
iissKKvvnnt
t






39








jsv JfVf rskb. spmb iCshG htf rsqsY. ( hAfifsv rflDndeW pqDI, spmb iCshG
sJ rsqsY) zfv lc rfksj lc j]fL hvfhv kctskb, spmb bfmfspv
iafvs kctskb. (hcJfvD 739bQ)
16. zk}iv sjhtmf nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvskb. zfv jKf
iamfdBk bq sp, dkdb swN lc vfjzfsk Ifskrfv isv zbA nCvf
iVskb. (spfrv W zfnv hAdkm.)
17. pJb dkdb swN ShEsj hnskb kJb ifYf udmsb tfdosq
dlskb, zKGf{ hfm ifYfv iv Hv jsv hnskb hQ Ffb uOf
(r]fec rsk o]fe ipG ifsqv zQw hf vtf)v dbsy dlsq hfm ifsqv
ifkfv zsLGj Jfdb shv jsv vfJskb. (zfhc lfl 965bQ, bfmfspv zLAfsq hsb
tfrDzfrv nCs hBGbf jsvsYb. p]fv hAfifsv nmfstfybf jvf rsqsY. dj rflDnde zbA nCs zfhc mfl
kAfdl sKsjW snsY. mfm dkvdmpD rflDndesj rfnfb-nrDr hstsYb. zfthfbD desj nrDr hstsYb.)
Ffb rfskv iasjfsj Ffb ufsv iv dhdYsq dlskb hQ ufQ
rsk lCsv vfJskb bf; pfsk jbc v swN iaf ufsv swN iafs
rk. zk}iv rfskv lcde zfct jdbf W zbfdmjfsj ocdesq
vfJskb. hxf W mLAmf lfvf hftfv mk softfjfv hfbfskb hQ
kuGbD drdtsq sn ns lczf jvskb. (zfhc lfl 726bQ, dkvdmpD 293bQ,
bfnf 888bQ, hsb mfufr 912bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.) i[fsv
zfctocdtsj tf svsJ hfm rfksj hfm ufsv iv vfJskb.
(mcndtm 579bQ) kfwfrl, rfk skftf, vjc W dnulf jvfv nmq
k]fv zfctocdtsj sjhtfmcJD jvskb hQ ifsqv zfctocdtsjW
dnulfq sjhtfmcJD jsv vfJskb.
zk}iv kfwfrl iVskb. swN kfwfrsl dkdb htskb,








iissKKvvnnt
t






40

.

zfkX-kfdrqAf-kc dtf-dr znnftf-Wqf-kc zkkfdqhf-kc
zfnnftf-mc zftfjf zfqcArfb bfdhqcA zvfrmfkcf-dr
zhfvfjf-kcr. zfnnftf-mc zftfbf zzftf hf-dlf-drn nf-
dtrDb. zfwrflc zft tf tf-rf ff- zzfwrflc zff
mcrfmflfb zfhlc zvfnCtcr.
(lvl)
zff-mf nfd zftf mcrfmfdl] z zftf zf-dt mcrfmfl,
jfmf nffkf zftf hvf-rDmf z zftf zf-dt hvf-rDm, fjf
rfmDlcm mfuDl.
zff-mf hf-dvj zftf mcrfmfdl] zzftf zf-dt
mcrfmfl, jfmf hf-vfjkf zftf hvf-rDmf z zftf zf-dt hvf-
rDm, fjf rfmDlcm mfuDl.
zKG}- sr zffr! kcdm mcrfmfl W k]fv hQwLsvv iv vrmk
hNGB jv, spmb kcdm hvfrDm W k]fv hQwLsvv iv vrmk hNGB
jsvY. dbyq kcdm iawQdnk soZvhfdhk. sr zffr! kcdm
mcrfmfl W k]fv hQwLsvv iv hvjk hNGB jv, spmb kcdm
hvfrDm W k]fv hQwLsvv iv hjGk hNGB jsvY. dbyq kcdm
iawQdnk soZvhfdhk.
iissKKvvnnt
t






41








19. zk}iv kfwfrl (hQ lvl) ifE swN jvst lczf
jvfv zfso yfvde dudbn sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jvskb W htskb,



.

zffmf D zfpc dhjf dmb zfpf-dh ufrffmf z zfpf-dht
jfhdv zdmb dIkbfdkt mfrXqAf zt mfmf-dk zdmb wfdvG
dIkbfdkt mfnDdrl lff-t.
zKG}- zffr sof! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje ufrffm W jhsvv
zfpfh sKsj, uDhb W mxkAc v dIkbf sKsj hQ lffstv dIkbfv
zdb sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY.
`zfkXkfdrqAfkc' (W lvl) iVfv iv zfwaq iafKGbf jvf djYc
tfmfv dbje Wqfsuh. sjbbf zffrv vnCt  yfvde dhNq
sKsj zfwaq yfsk zfslw dlsqsYb. dkdb hstb, pJb
skfmfslv sj swN kfwfrl sKsj Ifsvo rsh, kJb sn spb
yfvde dhNq sKsj zffrv dbje ifbfr yfq. hQ dhNqdt
sJ jsvb. (mcndtm 588bQ)
20. v iv dkdb bfmfsp ( s[s) dhdH iajfv lczf
jvskb. lczfnmCsrv jde lczf pf dkdb zfhc hjv -sj
htsk dw[f dlsqdYstb,




.
zff-mf D pftfmkc bfInD pctmfb jfnDv]f ztf qAfodIvp
pcbChf f zff IfoXdIvtD mfoXdIvfkfm dmb bdlj, zvrfmbD
fjf zfft ofICvv vfrDm.
iissKKvvnnt
t






42








zKG}- sr zffr! dbyq zfdm dbsuv iv h zkAfyfv jsvdY
hQ kcdm YfVf sj ifinmCr mfuGbf jvsk ifsv bf. zkh kcdm
zfmfsj skfmfv kvI sKsj mfuGbf j'sv lfW. zfv zfmfv iv
lqf jv, dbyq kcdm [mfwDt lqfhfb. (hcJfvD 834bQW mcndtm
2705bQ)
lczf nmCsrv zfsvf jde lczf,
.

zffmf D zfpc dhjf dmbft mf'nfdm zt mfovfm.
zKG}- zffr sof! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje ifi W B sKsj
zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY. (hcJfvD 832bQ, mcndtm 589bQ)
21. zk}iv Ffb dlsj (mcJ dIdvsq) nftfm dIvskb,
.

zfnnftf-mc zftfjcm zvfrmfkcf-r.
zfv sk k]fv Ffb ofstv wckf idvlx rk. zbcvi hfm dlsj
nftfm dIvskb, zfnnftf-mc zftfjcm zvfrmfkcf-r. zfv
sk k]fv hfm ofstv wckf idvlx rk. (zfhc lfl 996bQ,
dkvdmpD 295bQ, bfnf 1315bQ, hsb mfufr 914bQ, zfthfbD
rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
22. nftfm dIvfv iv sjhtf mcsJ hsn dkbhfv htskb,
`zffodIvfr' (zKGf{ zfdm zffrv dbje [mf iafKGbf jvdY)
hQ j hfv htskb,


.


zff-mf zffn nftf-mc zdmbjfn nftf-mc kfhf-vfjkf qf
iissKKvvnnt
t






43








pft uftf-dt zt-jvf-m.
zKG}- sr zffr kcdm nhGdemc (wfd) hQ skfmfv kvI
sKsj wfd, kcdm hjGkmq sr mdrmfmq W mrfbcHh. (mcndtm
591bQ)
kecjc htfv nmqjft ipG sjhtf mcsJ Kfjskb. zk}iv
jJsbf hf Ffb dlsj rsk zfhfv jJsbf hf hfm dlj rsk
mcflDslv iadk Ocsv hnskb.
hsb mfnl  hstb, zfdm zffrv vnCt -sj hhfv hfm
dlj rsk Ocvsk slsJdY. (hcJfvD 852bQW mcndtm 707bQ)
zfbfn  hstb, `zfdm zffrv vnCt -sj zdLjfQw Ffb
dlj rsk Ocsv hnsk slsJdY. (mcndtm708bQ)
dhndmf-drv vfrmf-dbv vfrDm. icdjfv dhNsq zfdm zhdrk rtfm hQ
desj ijfvD vsi sitfm. zffv dbje iafKGbf jdv, dkdb spb v lfvf
(mfbcNsj) ijxk jsvb.
hstsYb v stJj}- mcrfmfl dhb nfstr zft-NfmDb. 28/5/1406dr}

I
Ivvpp bbffmmffssppvv i
ivv i
iEEbbDDqq ddppj
jvXv
X nnmmr
Cr
C
zfct zfpDp dhb zfcfr dhb hfp v kvI sKsj z icdjf
ifEjfvD nm mcndtsmv iadk-
mrfbhD -v zbcjvsB iaskAj Ivp bfmfspv iv dbsbf
dpjvnmCr ifE jvf nck }-
.
.





.
iissKKvvnnt
t






44








`zfnkfodIvf-r.' ( dkbhfv)
zffmf zffn nftf-mc z dmbXjfn nftf-mc kfhf-vfjkf qf
pft uftf-dt zt jvf-m.
tf tf-rf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tf tft mctjc
ztft rfmlc zqf zftf jcd wfdqb jflDv.
zKG}- zffr YfVf sjfb nkA ifnA sb, dkdb jj k]fv sjfb
wvDj sb, k]fv ubA nfvf vfuk, k]fv ubA nm iawQnf hQ
dkdb nhGhv iv nhG wdmfb.





.
.

tf rftf ztf jcWqfkf f dhf-r. tf tf-rf ff-
ztf bf'hclc f qAf- tfb db'mfkc ztft Ifptc ztfn
nfbf-t rfnfb. tf tf-rf ff- mcJdtnDbf tfDb.
ztf jfdvrft jf-dIvCb. zffmf tf mf-dbzf dtmf
zf'kfkf ztf mc'dkqf dtmf mfbf'kf ztf qAfbIf pft ufd
dmbjft ufX.
zKG}- zffrv siavBf YfVf ifi sKsj dIvfv hQ n{jfu jvfv
nfLA jfsvf sb. zffr YfVf sjfb nkA mf'hcl sb. zfmvf dkdb
YfVf zfv jfsvf ifnbf jdv bf. k]fv pfhkDq nil, zbcoar
hQ m iawQnf. zffr YfVf sj nkA ifnA sb. zfmvf
dhwc dys k]fv zfbcokA jdv; pdlW jfsIvlt kf ziYl
jsv. sr zffr! kcdm pf lfb jv, kf svfLjfvD hQ kcdm pf svfL
jv, kf lfbjfvD sj sb. zfv Lbhfsbv Lb skfmfv (zfpfh)
iissKKvvnnt
t






45








sKsj h]fysk sjfb ijfsv zfnsh bf.
viv htsh, `nchrf-bff-r' (zfdm zffrv idhkf sOfNBf jdv)
33 hfv.
`zftrfmlc dtf-r'(nm iawQnf zffrv) 33 hfv.
`zff- zfjhfv'(zffr nhGfsi[f mrfb) 33 hfv.
zk}iv jwk iCvB jvsk dbsbv lczf j hfv htsh,


.
tf tf-rf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tf tft mctjc
ztft rfmlc zqf zftf jcd wfdqb jflDv.
zKGf{ }- zffr hAkDk sj spfoA ifnA sb. dkdb jj,
k]fv sjfb wvDj sb. k]fv ubA nfvf vfuk hQ k]fv dbdms
njt ocBofb zfv dkdb nhdjYcv iv [mkfhfb.
zk}iv zfqfkct jcvnD ifE jvsh.
H '        a4,
  1 H ' N, 1 aG
  uF, w     Aw &" +B
  0   Vb   1 M N,M
0   P     \%
  ' 3`*      1 M < &C [* 
  >3B
     '     J
  -<*        NG      R+,1  )' I~  
       )' Y t   
      I~
@*     uF,  0   "
  1 N"   Y   1 M N63C  /    7
  
   `
` , 0  , P  
   >W
yfvB}- zff tf tfrf f qft rfqct jfqCm. tf
kf'Jcpc dnbfkc] ztf bfm. tf mf dInX nfmfWqfdk zmf dIt
zfvpX. mfb pffpD qAfwIf blf f dhpdbr. qAf'tfmc mf
hfbf zflDdrm zmf JftIfm. ztf qcArDkCbf dhwfdqm dmb
tdmrD f dhmf wf-zf. zdnzf jcvdnqcAn nfmfWqfdk zt
iissKKvvnnt
t






46








zfvpX. ztf qAflc drIpcmf zqft zftDqcAt zfpDm.
zKG }- zffr; dkdb YfVf sjfb (nkA) ifnA sb. dkdb dyvDh,
zdhbwv. k]fsj klaf hQ dblafW iwG jsv bf. zfjfw ixdKhDsk
pf djYc zfsY nh djYc k]fv. sj zfsY sp k]fv zbcmdk YfVf k]fv
jfsY ncifdvw jvsh? kfslv (mfbcsNv) nmcsJ W iyfsk pf djYc
zfsY kf dkdb zhok zfsYb. pf dkdb Yf jsvb kf YfVf k]fv
fsbv djYc kfvf zfq jvsk ifsv bf. k]fv jcnGD zfjfwmtD
W ixdKhDsk idvhAf. zfv Wslv (zfjfw W ixdKhDv) v[Bf-
sh[B k]fv is[ jdEb bq, dkdb zdk y mrfmdrm. (nCvf hfjfvfr
255 zfqfk)
zk}iv spfrv, zfnv, mfodvh, wf W Iuv iaskAj bfmfspv iv
nCvf `jct Wqff- zfrfl', nCvf Iftfj W nCvf bfn ifE jvsh.
mfodvh W Iusvv bfmfspv iv nCvfdtsj dkbhfv jsv iVsh.
zfv ef rt m.
zffr zfmfslv bhD mcrfml dhb zfcfr, k]fv hQwLv, k]fv
nryvhxl hQ djqfmk dlhn ipG dhwcdys k]fv zbcnfvDslv
iv vrmk W wfd hNGB jvb.
hstsYb}-
zfct zfpDp dhb zfcfr dhb hfp
iissKKvvnnt
t






47

bfmfsp bfmfpDslv djYc dev iv

nkjDG jvB
(wfqJ zfcfr dhb zfcv vrmfb zft-duhvDb)
nm iawQnf jmf zffrv dbdms. jvBf W wfd hdNGk
srfj swN bhD mcrfmfl, k]fv hQwLv hQ nryvhxslv iv.
zk}iv bfmfspv ocvk W mfrfskAv iadk lxd svsJ, pf fvf
lfdqk iftb rq hQ hflk zflfsqv iv dbLGfdvk iadklfb
tfH jvf nh rq, kf fvf bfmfpsj niCBG jvsk pkhfb rWqfv
sswA, hQ h nQJAj stfjsj bfmfspv idksk hdBGk
dbslGwfhtDv zbAKfyvB jvsk slJf sost -- djYc zbAKfyvsBv
iv nkjGDjvB zf iasqfub rt; pfv iadk djYc drkfjf[D
mfbcN zhdrk rsqsYb; pdlW nshv zdLjfQw bfmfspv nck
W idviCvj jmGfhtDv ipGfqHc. zbAKfyvBdt dbbvi }-
1. mndul spsk Jch kfVfVf jvf. zKhf mndusl
(ufmfzfsk) bfmfp iVfv ubA djQhf vjc ifWqfv ubA Jch wDO
(hf slZsV) ytf. sk LDvkf W dwkf hQ bfmfspv mpGflf b
rq. zbAfbA bfmfpDslv dFfhG rq. rflDsn hdBGk sp, pJb
bfmfspv jfmk rsq pfq, kJb skfmvf Ycse n bf, hvQ Wv iadk
(nfLfvBHfsh) sr]se n. skfmvf LDvkf W dwkf zhtb jv.
(hcJfvD, mcndtm)
2. pf mfbcsNv bfsj OxdBk lcoG h spmb, dhdV, dnofsve, ]jf
kAfdl --pf j]fyf jcvGfn (vncb ifkfv mk `tDj' bfmj j iajfv
nhdu), vncb W di]qfu, pfsk dIdvf W mfbcsN j ifq -- kfv
iissKKvvnnt
t






48








sKsjW zdLj dbjxkv opc h JfWqf hf hAhrfv jvf.
zkh bfmfpDv jkGhA, nm lcoGmq h sKsj lCsv sKsj
nchfdnk rsq mndusl zfnf.
3. mfmsj vjc zhfq sist zsbj bfmfpD --pfvf ufmfzfk
wcv rWqfv iv zfsn kfvf-- vjcsk U]csj pfWpfv iv kjhDv
hst. zKy smZdtj dbqm rt, kfrvDmfv kjhDv lfqmfb
zhfq htf hQ kfviv vjc jvf. pdl kfVfkfdV j'sv vjcv
kjhDv kAfo jsv slq, ksh kfv bfmfp wc rsq pfsh hQ sjht
kfrvDmfv kjhDv psK rsh.
4. bfmfp iVsk iVsk zfjfswv dlsj lxdifk jvf, nmcsJv
dlj zKhf Ffsb-hfsm kfjfkfdj jvf; pfsk bfmfsp Hct nQOdek
rq hQ msb msb jKf ufso. zKy lxd zhbk jvsk hQ
dnulfv fsb lxd dbh vfJsk bfmfpD zfdl rsqsY.
5. bfmfsp zdLj bVf-nvf jvf. spmb lc rfskv zfctsj J]fuf-
J]fdu jvf, bfj hf bJ idvjfv jvf, jefbf if drtfsbf, ifoVD,
vmft hf jft snfuf jvf, OdV slJf, shfkfm tfofsbf kAfdl; pfv
djYc skf bfmfp b jsv sIst zKhf nWqfh rafn jsv slq.
6. vjc, dnulf hQ Ef-hnf mfsmv zfso zfso jvf, zKhf
nfsK nfsK jvf zKhf mfsmv (h) isv isv jvf. nckvfQ
dhNsq nkjGkf Wqfsuh.
7. ziasqfusb kfvfhDr kAfdl bfmfsp mcnrfI (jcvzfb) slsJ
iVf zKhf mcnrfI dbsq mfsmv zbcnvB jvf. spsrkc kf zbKGj
jsmGv msLA oBA. zhwA pdl kfsk sjfb ijfv Kfsj --spmb
mfsmv Hct nQswfLb jvf kAfdl-- kfrst iasqfub zbcpfqD
(mcnrfI slJsk) sjfb hfLf sb.
iissKKvvnnt
t






49








8. vjcsk jcsuf rWqf hf mfKf dbyc jvf. jcsuf rWqf hf diEsj
Lbcsjv mk jvfv hAfifsv rflDsn dbsNLff snsY. zkh
vjcjfvD kfv ixslwsj nmkt vfJsh. diE sKsj mfKfsj bf ]yc
jvsh, bf dbyc.
9. niCBGHfsh dnulf bf jvf. udmb sKsj djYc z isv kcst
vfJf. spmb sp hAd ifoVDv i]Afsyv iv dnulf jsv --zKGf{ sn
mfKfv zoaHfo fvf dnulf jsv hQ kfv ttfe udmsb iwG jsv
bf, zKhf sp ttfsev iv dnulf jsv, dj bfj kcst vfsJ zKhf
udmb sKsj ifsqv ifkf lc'desj dEsq vfsJ. mb stfsjvf
sjht i]fyde zsv iv dnulf jsv, zKy dnulfv z smfe
nfkde pf rflDsn iadn.
10. h mfsmv bfmfp k rff iVf; pfsk mcjkflDoB kfv
zbcnvB jvsk n[m rq bf hQ Wqfsuh dpjv hf lczf iVskW
nmq ifq bf. mb bfmfp iVf dvdykfv idviD; pf rflDsn
sdJk rsqsY. nckvfQ vjc W dnulfsk kef nmqjft Kfmf
dyk, pfsk mcjkflD LDv-dvHfsh kfVfVf bf j'sv zk}is[
dkbhfv j'sv knhDr iVsk n[m rq.
11. kfwfrsl hsn kuGbD hf zbA sjfb zfctsj mfok
drtfsbf. zKy lc nf[A ialfsbv nmq (zfwrflc zft tf tf-rf
ff- ||||||||||' htfv nmq, lczfv nmq) zKhf zffrv bfm
ssJv nmq kuGbDsj jhfv djQhf lchfv mf drtfsk rq.
12. bfmfp sKsj shv rWqfv nmq W nftfm dIvfv ubA mcJ
Ocvfhfv nmq Ffb dlsj zKhf lc dlsj lc rfk drdtsq wfvf
jvf. nfrfhfoB vi jvskb; pf slsJ bhD  hstdYstb, dj
hAfifv, skfmfslvsj rfk kctsk slJdY, spb kf lcv sOfVfv
iissKKvvnnt
t






50








stu? kJb njst rfk skftf kAfo jvstb hQ sjht mcJ
dIvfsbfsk psK jvstb. (zfhc lfl W bfnf)
13. h stfj zfsY pfvf idviCBG sthfn idvLfb jsv bf. sj
skf ifqufmf (iAfe) isv hQ kfv iv (sie W disEv iv)
sYfe wfeG hf jfdmn isv. kfviv pJb dnulfq pfq kJb wfeG
iv dlsj sE pfq hQ ifqufmf dbsy sbsm pfq Ist diE W
ifYfv djYc zQw mc rsq isV; pf tffsbv ipGfqHc hQ
kf iyfskv stfsjvf slJsk ifq. zKy tffsbv djYc zQw
shv rsq sost bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfq.
14. h stfj mb zfsY, pfvf Ivp bfmfp sKsj nftfm dIvfv
nfsK nfsK ifhGhkDG bfmfpDv nfsK mcnfIfrf jvfv sswA rfk
hfdVsq Kfsj hQ `kfjfftff-r,' zKhf `rfvfmfb' hst lczf
jsv Kfsj, pf dhlXzfk hQ ntI sKsj jKf hdBGk sb.
15. jkj stfsjv zHAfn, Ivp bfmfspv nftfm dIvfv ns
ns rfk kcst lczf jvsk wcv jvf hQ dhdLnmk dpjv
zfpjfv ifE kAfo jvf; pf ncskv idviD. dpjv zfpjfv ifE
jvfv iv lczf jvf dhdLnmk. spsrkc nmsq lczf jhct
rWqfv zfwf jvf pfq. zbcvi bIt bfmfspv iv lczf. zfv
zffr zdLj ufsbb.

Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk ksc t lz

c f
iab }- vnCt  sKsj dhswN jsv Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk kcst
lczf jvfv jKf (rflDsn) sJ rsqsY dj? spsrkc djYc stfj
zfmfsj hstsY sp, dkdb  Ivp bfmfspv iv lczfv ubA rfk
Efskb bf.
iissKKvvnnt
t






51








v }- bhD  rsk jKf wcHfsh iamfdBk bq sp, dkdb
Ivp bfmfspv iv lc rfk kctskb. zbcvi k]fv nfrfhfhxl
rskW --zfmfslv ufbf msk wcHfsh iamfdBk bq. zfv djYc
stfj, pfvf Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk kcst (lczf j'sv) Kfsj kf
dhlXzfk; pfv sjfb dHd sb. spsrkc bhD  hstb, sp sjfb
mb jfu jsv pfv iv zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sb kf
iakAfJAfk. (mcndtm) dkdb zfsvf hstb, sp hAd zfmfslv
(lDb) dhNsq djYc mb jmG fhb jvsh pf Wv ipGfqHc bq, kf
iakAfJAfk. (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
(IfkfWqf djkfdhl lf'Wqfr, wfqJ zfct zfpDp dhb hfp 1/74)

idvubsj bfmfp iVsk zfslw

jvst hQ kfvf bfmfp bf iVst
iab}- sjfb hAd kfv idvubsj bfmfp iVsk zfslw jvf
nsW pdl kfvf kfv jKf bf swfsb, kfrst sn hAd kfslv nfsK
hnhfn jvsh hQ dmtfdmwf jvsh bfdj Ov rsk shv (ixKj) rsq
pfsh?
v }- pdl hAdv idvubhoG zfslZ bfmfp bf isV, ksh
kfvf jfsIv, mcvkfX hQ ntfm sKsj hdrHGCk. zfv hAdv
nfsK js hfn jvf ShL bq. zhwA kfv iv Wqfsuh sp,
kfslvsj lfWqfk slsh, hfvhfv islw slsh hQ bfmfspv ubA
icb}icb} kfjDl jvsh. nhk} zffr kfslvsj drlfqfk
jvshb. spsrkc bfmfp kAfojfvD jfsIv. zffr zfmfslvsj
ifbfr dlb. djkfh, ncfr, nfrfhfhsoGv hfBD hQ ncdydk zdHmk
sKsj dhLfsbv nis[ ltDt hkGmfb.
iissKKvvnnt
t






52








jcvzfb jvDm sKsj ltDt, zffr kf'zftf mcwdvjslv ians
hstb,
  / H GB
)*<,        ,
 1       
  1 '9
  ( T,  
   
zKGf{, zk}iv kfvf pdl kWhf jsv, pKfpK bfmfp isV W
pfjfk slq ksh kfvf skfmfslv lDbD Hf. (nCvf kfWhf 11 zfqfk)
zfqfskv mmGfKG sp, kfvf pdl ddJk jmGfdl bf jsv,
kfrst skfmfslv Hf bq. zfv fkxk-hb sjfb ifsiv jfvsB
dhb rq bf. pdlW sn ifi hV rsq Kfsj; dj ntfm sKsj hdroGk
rWqfv nmq sn hb ecse pfq.
ncfr sKsj ltDt; mrfbhD  hstb, mfbcN hQ jcIv W
dwsjGv mfsU (zvft) bfmfp kAfo. (mcndtm 82bQ) ncbfb
oanmCsr hcvflfr jkxGj hdBGk rflDsn dkdb zfsvf hstb,
zfmfslv mfsU W Wslv mfsU ycd rt bfmfp. sp hAd kf
idvkAfo jsv, sn jfsIv. (dkvdmpD 2621bQ, hsb mfufr
1079bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
nfrfhfhsoGv hfBD sKsj ltDt; mcdmbosBv sbkf mfv  hstb,
sp hAd bfmfp kAfo jsv, kfv ubA ntfsm sjfb zQw sb.
sjfb zQw wde zdbdlGHfsh sbdkhfyj hfjAoEsb hAhrk
rsqsY, pfv zKG rsh hAfij. zKGf{ `bf nfmfbA zQw, bf zdLj.'
zfcfr dhb wfjDj hstb, `bhD  -v nfrfhfhxl bfmfp YfVf
zbA sjfb zfmt kAfo jvfsj jcIvD msb jvskb bf.'
ncdydk zdHmk ians htf pfq sp, ef dj fsb Lvfv jKf sp, sp
hAdv zsv nvsN lfbf hvfhv mfb zfsY, sp bfmfspv mfrfkAsj
ufsb hQ v iadk zffrv slWqf vksj dysb, kfvivW sn kf
kAfo jvfv iv zdhyt Kfsj? mb rWqf znh.
iissKKvvnnt
t






53








p]fvf hstb, bfmfpkAfoD jfsIv bq k]fslv ltDtnmCrsj sHsh-
dys slsJ kf yfvde jKfv msLA nDmfh sisqdY.
1. nm ltDtiDsk mCtk} jKfv sjfb ltDt sb.
(zKGf{ dt zfstfyA dhNsqv oarBspfoA ltDt bq.)
2. zKhf ltDtnmCr mb sB nDmfh, pfv nfsK bfmfp
kAfo jvf znh.
3. zKhf ltDtnmCr mb zhfq nDmfh sp zhfq
bfmfpkAfoDv sjfb Wpv Kfsj.
4. zKhf dt zdbdlG, pf bfmfpkAfoDv jcIsvv rflDnnmCr
fvf dbdlG jvf rsh.
pJb jKf i sp, bfmfp kAfojfvD jfsIv kJb v iv
djYc dhLfb nddh vsqsY;
iaKmk}- mcndtm (bfmfpD) bfvDv nfsK shbfmfpDv dhhfr wc
rsh bf. bfmfp bf iVf zhfq pdl kfv dhhfr hb rsq Kfsj,
ksh dhhfr hfdkt idvodBk rsh hQ D kfv ubA rftft rsh bf.
spsrkc zffr kfzftf mcrfduv mdrtfslv ians hstb,
    y
P  0  )P
  1 XW 1   I, 1       
 1  LM  )P`] t &''
  u   )P6U63C   
 1       
)y  0
1   3
zKGf{, pdl skfmvf ufbsk ifv sp, kfvf dhhfdnbD (mcdmb
mdrtf) ksh kfslvsj jfsIvslv dbje dIdvsq dlW bf. mcdmb
mdrtfoB jfsIv icvNslv ubA ShL bq hQ jfsIv icvNvfW
mcdmb mdrtfslv ubA ShL bq. (nCvf mcmkfdrbf 10 zfqfk)
zfhfv dhhfr hsbv iv pdl bfmfp kAfo jsv, ksh sn hbW
ecse pfsh hQ kfv ubA D ShL rsh bf. v ltDt iCshGf zfqfk.
dlkDqk}- shbfmfpD hAd pdl i pshr jsv, kfrst
kfv pshrjxk iv mfQn JfWqf pfsh bf. sjb? jfvB kf
iissKKvvnnt
t






54








rfvfm. zKy kf pdl sjfb qflD zKhf dJafb pshr jsv, kfrst
kfslv pshrjxk iv mfQn zfmfslv ubA JfWqf rftft. nckvfQ
qflD hf dJafb zsi[f (bfmLfvD mcndtm) shbfmfpDv pshrjxk
iv mfQn dbjxkv. zffr zfmfslvsj ifbfr dlb.
kxkDqk}- shbfmfpDv ubA mf mcjfvGfmfq hf kfv rfvfsmv
nDmfv msLA iashw jvf zShL. spsrkc zffr kfzftf hstb,
  ab <FK 
+P >'C          4*
   <`      
  G
w   K  1   &'( )*+,
      GM  0  *
  1 -
zKGf{-sr mfblfvoB! mcwdvjvf skf zidh, nckvfQ
hYsvv iv kfvf spb mndulct rfvfsmv dbjehkGD bf rq. (nCvf
kfWhfr 28 zfqfk)
ykcKGk}- pdl kfv sjfb (bfmfpD) dbjefkDq mfvf pfq, ksh
kfv mDvfsn (kA nidsk) v sjfb rj hf zdLjfv sb.
nckvfQ sjfb bfmfpD hfi pdl shbfmfpD sYst hQ j lCsvv bfmfpD
yfyfskf Hf svsJ mfvf pfq, kfrst bfmfpD stfjdev Wqfsvn sj
rsh? lCsvv yfyfskf Hf kfv Wqfsvn rsh, kfv dbsuv sYst
bq. spsrkc nfmf -v hdBGk rflDsn mrfbhD  hstb,
mcndtm jfsIsvv hQ jfsIv mcndtsmv Wqfsvn rsh bf.
(hcJfvD 6764bQ , mcndtm 1614bQ)
imk}- shbfmfpD mfvf sost kfsj sofnt slWqf hQ jfIb
ivfsbf rsh bf, kfv iv ufbfpfv bfmfp iVf rsh bf hQ
mcntmfbslv jhvfsb kfsj lfIb jvfW rsh bf.
kfrst zfmvf kfsj jD jvh ?
kfsj mvHCdmsk (mqlfsb) dbsq dosq jde okG J]csV kfv
idvdrk jfisV i]csk sIth. spsrkc kfv sjfb nmfb sb.
jKfv iv dHd j'sv htf pfq sp, pdl jfsvf dbjse sj mfvf
iissKKvvnnt
t






55








pfq hQ sn ufsb sp mxk hAd bfmfp iVk bf, kfrst kfv
ufbfpfv bfmfp iVfv ubA tfwsj mcntmfbslv nfmsb siw jvf
kfv is[ ShL bq.
Nk}- djqfmskv dlb shbfmfpDv rfwv dIvzfb, rfmfb,
jfvb, hf dhb JtI iaHdx k jcIsvv sbkxhsoGv nfsK rsh.
zffr zfmfslvsj ifbfr dlb. sn uffsk iashw jvsh bf. hQ
kfv sjfb zfkDqv is[ kfv ubA vrmk W mfodIvfskv lczf
jvf ShL rsh bf. spsrkc sn jfsIv hQ sn vrmk W mfodIvfskv
rjlfv bq.
zkh sr fkxhxl! nmnAf hV dhibj. dj zfIsnfn!
klXnsW djYc stfj dhNsq zhsrtf jsv hQ shbfmfpDsj
Osv ufqof dlsq Kfsj! zKy kf ShL bq.
zfv zffr zdLj ufsbb. zffr zfmfslv bhD mcrfmfl, k]fv
hQwLv W nm nfrfhfhxslv iv jvBf W wfd hNGB jvb.
(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr, hsb NfmDb 11ix})

shbfmfpDv svfpf
iaw }- mcntmfbslv djYc tfmf sn mcndtsmv dblfhfl jsvb,
sp svfpf vfsJ hQ (zbA mfsn 5 zX) bfmfp isV bf. dj svfpfv
iv bfmfspv iaHfh jD ? zfmfv Yf sp svfpf svsJ (uffskv)
`vfqfb' sose iashwjfvDslv ns iashw jvh. zfv jKfW
dhdlk sp, `j vmpfb sKsj ziv vmpfb mLAhkGD njt
sofbfrsj smfyb jsv slq.' dhNsq zfstfjifk jfmbf jdv.
zffr zfibfsj kWIDj dlb.
iissKKvvnnt
t






56








v }- p]fvf skfmfv dblf jsvsYb sp, kcdm svfpf vfJ zKy
bfmfp iV bf, k]fvf skfmfv dblfhfsl nkAfwaqD. spsrkc bfmfp
ntfsmv J]cde, pf hAdksvsj ntfm iadkdk rsk ifsv bf. iv
shbfmfpD jfsIv W ntfsmv dmk sKsj hdrHGCk. zfv jfsIsvv
dbje sKsj zffr svfpf, nfljf, r hQ zbAfbA sjfbW sbj
zfmt jhct jsvb bf. spsrkc zffr ifj hstb,
     
       N,"
*      %    1  1 M 4G
           >    >`
  &' X!4    &' '
 
     P
PI     &*   LF
   1 M 4    1 M T,
  P  1
zKGf{, Wslv zKG-nfrfpA oxrDk rsk sjfb hfLf dYt bf. ksh
hfLf dYt sp, Wvf zffr W klDq vnCtsj znDjfv (jcIvD)
jsv hQ bfmfsp zftsnAv ns idk rq. zfv
zdbYfjxkHfsh zKGlfb jsv. (nCvf kfWhf 54 zfqfk)
nckvfQ jKfv iv dHd j'sv---pdl kcdm svfpf vfJ hQ
bfmfp bf iV kfrst---skfmfsj zfmvf hdt sp, skfmfv svfpf
hfdkt W zwc. zffrv dbje kf sjfb ijfsv zfnsh bf hQ
kf skfmfsj zffrv nfdLA lfb jvskW ifvsh bf.
zfv skfmfv zmCtj LfvBf sp, `j vmpfb sKsj ziv vmpfb
mLAhkGD njt sofbfrsj smfyb j'sv slq'- skf v uWqfsh hdt
sp, kcdm dhNsq hdBGk rflDnef ufbsk (hf hcUsk) ifvdb. vnCt
 hstb, i]fy Wqf bfmfp, ucmzfr sKsj ucmzfr hQ vmpfb
sKsj vmpfb; v mLAhkGD njt sofbfrsj smfyb j'sv slq --
pk[B ipG jfhDvf sofbfrnmCr sKsj lCsv Kfjf rq. (mcndtm,
dmwjfk 564bQ) nckvfQ vmpfb sKsj vmpfb v mLAhkGD ifinmCr
smfyb rWqfv ubA mrfbhD  wkGfsvfi jsvsYb sp, jfhDvf
sofbfrnmCr sKsj lCsv Kfjsk rsh. dj kcdm skf bfmfp iV bf,
iissKKvvnnt
t






57








zfv svfpf vfJ. pfsk kcdm jfhDvf sofbfr sKsj lCsv Kfj bf.
spsrkc bfmfp kAfo jvfv sysq zdLj hV jfhDvf sofbfrv jfu
zfv jD zfsY? hvQ bfmfp kAfo jvf skf jcIXvD. kfrst jD j'sv
nh sp, svfpf skfmfv ifi smfyb jvsh?
nckvfQ skfmfv iaHvc iadk skfmfsj kWhf (zbcswfybfv nfsK
iakAfhkGb) jvf Wqfsuh. zffr sp skfmfv iv bfmfp Ivp
jsvsYb, kf iftb j'sv kfviv svfpf vfJf dyk. ubA bhD
 mczfp -sj qfmfb siavB jfst hstdYstb, Wslvsj
skfmfv iaKm lfWqfk spb `zffr YfVf sjfb nkA ifnA sb
hQ mcrfmfl k]fv vnCt'- nf[Alfsbv iadk rq. pdl Wvf kf
skfmfv dbje sKsj oarB jsv, ksh kfslvsj ufdbsq lfW sp,
zffr Wslv iv iaskAj dlhf-vfs i]fy Wqf bfmfp Ivp
jsvsYb.
zkh lc nf[Alfsbv iv bfmfp, zk}iv pfjfk dlsq
(lfWqfk) v jsvsYb.
(dtsJsYb- mcrfml dhb nfstr zft-NfmDb.)

ssvvffooDD ddj
jHHffsshh bbffmmffpp i
iVVsshh??
1. Ivp bfmfp svfoDv ubAW l]fdVsq iVf Wqfsuh -- pdlW U]sc j hf
iasqfub msb jvst slWqft djQhf tfdEv iv Hv j'sv rq.
2. pdl JfVf rsk n[m bf rq, kfrst hsn bfmfp iVsh. djqfm
W vjcv zhfq yfvufbc rsq hnf m.
3. pdl hsnW bfmfp bf iVsk ifsv, kfrst ifhGslsw (jsvfe
rsq) wqb j'sv bfmfp iVsh. djhtfv dlsj nmcJ jvsh. Ffb
ifswG wqb j'sv bfmfp iVf m. pdl sjhtf mcJ jvsk n[m
iissKKvvnnt
t






58








bf rq, kfrst spdlsj kfv nmcJ Kfsj, sn dlsj mcJ j'sv bfmfp
iVsh. sk kfv bfmfp wc rsq pfsh hQ icbvfq iVsk rsh bf.
4. pdl ifhGslsw wqb j'svW bfmfp iVsk z[m rq, kfrst
dy{ rsq sq bfmfp iVsh hQ kfv if lc'desj djhtfv dlsj
vfJsh. zhwA djhtf mcJ jvfv ubA mfKfef jec ]yc j'sv sbWqf
m. pdl if lc'desj djhtfv dlsj bf dIvfsk ifsv, kfrst sp
zhfq Kfsj zhfsk bfmfp iVsh hQ zfv icbvfq iVsk
rsh bf.
5. bfmfsp vjc dnulf jvf svfoDv ubAW Wqfsuh. pdl kf jvsk
n[m bf rq, kfrst nmq mfKf drdtsq wfvf jvsh. vjc zsi[f
dnulfv nmq mfKfsj zdLj dbyc jvsh. pdl dnulf YfVf vjc jvsk
n[m rq, kfrst vjcv nmq vjc jvsh hQ dnulfv nmq wfvf
jvsh. i[fsv pdl vjc YfVf dnulf jvsk n[m rq, kfrst
dnulfv nmq dnulf hQ vjcv nmq wfvf jvsh.
6. vjc W dnulfv nmq pdl mfKf drdtsq wfvf jvskW z[m
rq, kfrst lc y[c fvf wfvf jvsh. vjcv nmq zi Jfdbj
y[c dbmDdtk jvsh hQ dnulfv nmq zdLj mvsi y[c mcdlak
jvsh. dj zfct fvf wfvf -pf djYc svfoD jsv Kfsj -kf wc
bq hQ djkfh, ncfr zKhf zfrst tmslv hfBD sKsj jKfv
sjfb dHd zfdm ufdb bf.
7. pdl mfKf drdtsq hQ syfJ fvf wfvf jvskW z[m rq,
kfrst msb msb bfmfp iVsh. kjhDv htsh, nCvf ifE jvsh
hQ zsv vjc, dnulf, djqfm W ShEsjv dbqk (msb msb
jibf) jvsh. zfv iaskAj mfbcsNv kf (iafiA) rq, pfv sn
dbqk j'sv Kfsj.
iissKKvvnnt
t






59








8. iaskAj bfmfp kfv pKf nmsq iVf svfoDv ubAW Wqfsuh.
pkef jvsk n[m bfmfspv kkef Wqfsuh (pKfdbqsm) iftb
jvsh. pdl pKfnmsq iaskAj bfmfp iVsk j rq, kfrst sn
spfrv W zfnvsj hQ mfodvh W wfsj j nmsq umf j'sv
iVsk ifsv. zfnvsj spfrsvv nfsK zfdosq hQ wfsj
mfodvshv nfsK zfdosq umf kfjlDm (zdoam umf) jvsh. bkchf
spfrvsj zfnsvv nfsK didYsq hQ mfodvhsj wfv nfsK didYsq
umf kf'JDv (iyf{ umf) jvsh. spmb kfv ubA ncdhLf W nru
rsh, skmdbHfsh bfmfp umf j'sv zflfq jvsh. zhwA Iusvv
bfmfpsj zoa-iyfskv sjfb bfmfspv nfsK umf jvf pfsh bf.
9. svfoD pdl sjfb lCv wrsv dydj{nf jvfsk mcnfdIv rq,
kfrst (j bf rstW) yfv vfjzfkdhdw bfmfp jnv (nQs[i)
j'sv iVsh. nckvfQ spfrv zfnv W wfv bfmfp lc-lc vfjzfk
j'sv iVsh. vi kkdlb jvsh pkdlb dbsuv wrsv dIsv bf
snsY-- yfsr kfv nIsvv nmqjft lDOG srfj zKhf nQjDBG. (1)
(wfqJ mcrfmfl dhb nfstr zft-NfmDb)

(1) zhwA dhdL kJb iaspfuA, pJb sn wrsv dosq fqD bf rsh. i[fsv pdl sn
snJfsb fqD rsq pfq, wDk-kfi dbqdk oxsr hnhfn v jsv, zbAfbA fqD hfdnlfslv mk
dhtfn-nfmoaD hAhrfv jsv, wrvhfnDv (nosx r hnhfsnv) mk dbsuv hfnfq dvkf tfH jsv,
kfrst sn mcnfdIv bq. (zkh bfmfp jnv bf jsv iCBG jsv iVsh.) dhswN j'sv pdl
kfv zhfb yfv dlsbv zdLj rq. jfvB sn skf nIsv zfvfm W dhtfnivfqB uDhb
isHfo j'sv Kfsj hQ nIsvv sn j sKsjW lCsv Kfsj, pfsj zfpfshv jde ecjvf htf
rsqsY. (wfqJ zfcfr dhb duhvDb)
iissKKvvnnt
t






60

pfjfk kAfojfvDv in
a s dhLfb
iaw }- pfjfk kAfojfvDv dhLfb jD ? znDjfv jsv zKhf
jfiGBA j'sv zKhf zhsrtf j'sv pfjfk kAfojfvDv mfsU dj
sjfb ifKGjA zfsY ?
v }- pfjfk kAfojfvDv dhLfb htsk sost dhwl hBGbfv
lvjfv; nckvfQ pfjfskv njt wkG hkGmfb Kfjf nsW pdl sj
kf Wqfsuh rWqfsj znDjfv jsv, kfrst pfjfk dlstW
nhGhfdlnmdksm sn jfsIv rsq pfsh. pk[B bf sn kf
Wqfsuh rWqfsj nDjfv jsvsY.
i[fsv pdl sj jfiGBA zKhf zhsrtf j'sv pfjfk ialfb bf
jsv, ksh sn mb Ifsnj hst oBA rsh, sp hV jfhDvf sofbfrv
dwjfv rsqsY. mb hAd mfvf sost ([mf W wfdv hAfifsv)
zffrv YfLDb Kfjsh. spsrkc zffr kfzftf hstb,
    @       
  E,
  1 )K
Y[*     N _*
   ' =* 0   =*
    % M
1
zKGf{, dbyq zffr kfv nfsK zQwD jvfv sofbfr [mf jvshb
bf hQ YfVf zbAfbA sofbfrsj pfv ubA Yf [mf jsv slshb.
(nCvf dbnf 48 zfqfk)
idh jcvzfb hQ iadn ncfr rsk jKf ufbf pfq sp, pfjfk
kAfojfvDsj djqfmskv dlb kfv sn njt mft-Lsbv mfLAsm
zfpfh slWqf rsh, pfv pfjfk sn zflfq jsvdb. zk}iv kfsj
uffk zKhf ufrffsmv iK slJfsbf rsh. zfv wfdv Lmj sn
hAdv ubA, sp pfjfksj Wqfsuh hst znDjfv jsv bf. zffr
kfzftf nCvf kfWhfq hstb,
iissKKvvnnt
t






61








     i1
X!,  &, :'     3, 
       !P,     )'
  0  I!W~ .    M
 / #$ 1   &'( )*+,
  1 - 0  *
    H  4   1    sP+,       )*+,
     )C
% X!"     &*   Ac,   1 &*   1  % X!"   0  
  <T*
8
    &]  >P!] 
    8  U     1 &>]   H  >3C
  IG     S6   a* t    2+`
   , , t    P!
   /  
      U
&   +
  & ' 9

     
   FG~   PI>
   & ' +P    
zKGf{, sr dhhfdnoB! idk W nQnfvdhvfoDslv msLA zsbsj
stfsjv Lb zbAfqHfsh sHfo j'sv Kfsj hQ stfjsj zffrv iK
rsk dbhx jsv. pfvf snfbf W vif icDHCk jsv hQ zffrv isK
kf hAq jsv bf, kfslvsj pBfial wfdv nQhfl lfW. spdlb
ufrffsmv zfsb snnh jvf rsh hQ kfv fvf kfslv ttfe,
ifwG W ixslsw lfo slWqf rsh (hQ htf rsh,) skf sn (Lb), pf
skfmvf dbsuslv ubA icDHCk j'sv svsJdYst. nckvfQ pf icDHCk
j'sv vfJsk, kfv zfnflb oarB jv. (34-35 zfqfk)
snfbf-y]fdlv pfjfk pfvf ialfb jsv bf, kfslv ians idh
jcvzfb pf sOfNBf jsvsY, dEj kf htf rsqsY bhD -v nrDr
rflDnnmCsr. spmb sp hAd ykcil uv; ]e, ov, sH]Vf W
Yfostv pfjfk zflfq jsv bf, kfv wfdv jKfW rflDsn Hfsh
hA rsqsY sp, nm u dlsq kfsj zfpfh sHfo jvfsbf rsh.
zfv pfvf efjf-iqnfv pfjfk ialfb jsv bf, kfslv ians
dhLfbW Wslv mk pfvf snfbf-vifv pfjfk zflfq jsv bf; jfvB
efjf-iqnf snfbf-vifv dhji W tfdHdN.
iv pfvf pfjfk Wqfsuh rWqfsj znDjfv jsv, kfslv
hAfifsv dhLfb zbAfbA jfsIvslv hAfifsv sp dhLfb zfsY dEj
kfv zbcvi; Wslv njtsj j ns ufrffsmv dlsj
umfsqk jvf rsh hQ zbA njt jfsIvslv bAfq kfslv
iissKKvvnnt
t






62








zfpfhW ufrffsm dyvjfstv ubA dbvhdY Kfjsh.
zffr kfzftf Wslv hQ Wslv mk zbAfbA jfsIvslv ians
hstb,
% -     1&' Y
   *  E,+   >
  1   
   & 
1  . 1  &, 
  &' U 1  ,  `!
  
  1 :9
   1 )*+, 
I1 &, )'       P ' >3C t
 J]IQ          uW     
   yC
zKGf{, hQ pfvf ( sbkfslv) zbcnvB jsvdYt kfvf htsh,
`rfq! pdl jdehfv (ixdKhDsk) dIsv pfhfv ncspfo zfmfslv Oek,
ksh zfmvfW kfslv ns nijG dY jvkfm, spmb kfvf
zfmfslv nfsK dY jvt!' Hfsh zffr kfslv jfpGfhtDsj
kfslv idvkfivsi slJfshb. zfv kfvf jJbW zfb rsk shv
rsk ifvsh bf. (nCvf hfjfvfr167zfqfk)
nCvf mflfr (37 zfqfsk) dkdb hstb,
   > &' J]IQ
      P 
4' w     y
w  0 2+C   I1 &, )'
  '  ]
   1       
  <**
zKGf{, kfvf ufrffm sKsj shv rsk yfsh dj kfvf shv rsk
ifvsh bf, zfv kfslv ubA vsqsY dyvfqD zfpfh.
djkfh W ncfrsk dhNsq zfsvf zbAfbA h ltDt vsqsY.
(IfkfWqf mcdrmfr kfkfzffjc dhpXpfjfk, wfqJ hsb hfp, 5-7 ix})

zffr zfvswv isv

iaw }- pfvf hst `zffr nh ufqofq zfsYb'-(zffr v
sKsj sLG) kfslv jKf djHfsh Jb jvh ? pfvf jKf hst
kfslv ns wvDqskv dnf jD ?
v }- zfrst ncfr zt ufmfzfskv zfjDlf W dhhfn
sp, zffr kfzftf nnfq zfvswv iv zfsYb. dkdb
iissKKvvnnt
t






63








dhhuoskv dHksv bb, hvQ dhhuoskv sLG, kf rsk dH W
dhdY. zKy dkdb iaskAj dudbsnv zhf ns ndhswN
zhdrk. zfjfwmtD hQ ixdKhDsk sjfbW dudbn k]fv
dbje sofib sb. dkdb hstb,
 1  H I~   1 
    {C
`,   U" t 1  AU"
1  a*
   v      uF,    R+,
  1 r3B  1 % I
  1  M
zKGf{, skfmfslv iadkiftj zffr, dpdb zfjfwmtD W
ixdKhD Yq dlsb nxd jsvb. zk}iv dkdb zfvswv iv zfvP
rb. (nCvf bcn 3 zfqfk)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, (
)
zKGf{, lqfmq zfvsw zfsYb. (nCvf kfrf 5 zfqfk) hQ dkdb hstb,
.    N  :"
#!B     )^,     {C
  1 ,`,   U" 1 
 v
zKGf{, zk}iv dkdb zfvswv iv rb. dkdb lqfmq, k]fv
ns sp zhok zfsY kfsj dufnf j'sv slJ. (nCvf Icvjfb 59
zfqfk)
zfv dkdb sp nfvf nxdv sLG zfsYb, kfv ltDt W sp, k]fv
dbje rsk jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. zfv zhkvB LG sKsj
dbsbv dlsj rq; spmb dkdb hstb,
   &6>'
    , )'   J     &,G
/    2U,
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N3C  N*<*     K/ 9<T'
. /   rb    
   E,M
zKGf{, hQ v iCshG zhkDBG djkfshv nmKGj W nQv[jvsi
zfdm skfmfv iadk nkAnr djkfh zhkDBG jsvdY----. (nCvf mflfr
48 zfqfk )
zfv YfVf zfsvf zbAfbA zfqfk vsqsY, pf jKf iamfB
jsv sp, zffr kfzftf njt nxd uoskv sLG.
mczfdhqf dhb rfjfm nctfmDv rflDsn hdBGk, dkdb hstb, l W
iissKKvvnnt
t






64








ufWqfdbqAfrv mLAhkDG ufqofq zfmfv djYc Yfot dYt, pfv
slJfswfbf jvk zfmfv j DklfnD. jlf sn ift sYsV dlst
zjmf{ j sbjsV sn jde Yfot dbsq yie slq. zfdm
zflm nfsbv zbAkm mfbcN; mbfi W sfsL lfnDsj ysiefOfk
jvtfm. zk}iv bhD -v dbje sn sn jKfv sJ jvst
dkdb kf zfmfv ubA hV vkv msb jvstb. zfdm httfm, `sr
zffrv vnCt! zfdm Wsj mc jsv slh bf dj?' dkdb htstb,
Wsj Ffsjf. zfdm Wsj sFsj zfbst dkdb Wsj iaw jvstb,
zffr sjfKfq? lfnDde htt, `zfjfsw.' dkdb zfhfv iaw
jvstb, zfdm sj? sn htt, `zfidb zffrv vnCt.' dkdb
htstb, Wsj mc jsv lfW; spsrkc W mcdmb bfvD. (mcndtm,
zfhc lfl, bfnf iaHdx k)
hcJfvD W mcndtm wvDsI zfhc nfl JclvD  rsk hdBGk, zffrv
vnCt  hstsYb, skfmvf dj zfmfsj dhhfn jvsk ifvY bf, zKy
zfdm k]fv dbje dhw, dpdb zfjfsw zfsYb. njft-nAfq zfmfv
dbje zfjfswv Jhv zfsn.
i[fsv sp hAd dhwfn vfsJ sp, zffr nh ufqofq
zfsYb, sn nshGwvhflDslv zbAkm. zffr njt nxdv sLG
zfsYb, dkdb k]fv njt nxd rsk ixKj sKsj zfvsw zfsYb. --
nskAv iadk dbslGwjfvD ltDtfdl fvf kfv jKf Jb jvf
rsh. zkh pdl sn djkfh, ncfr W umf' (nhGhfdlnmk
dnf)v zbcnfvD rq, kfrst sn mcndtm. bsy{ sn jfsIv hQ
ntfsmv od rsk hdrHGCk.
nQs[dik (tfubfr lf-sqmfr,mfuffkct hdnt ntf-dmqAfr
20/168ix})
iissKKvvnnt
t






65

zffr YfVf zsbAv bfsm jnm jvf

iaw}- zffr kfzftf YfVf zsbAv bfsm jnm hf rtI jvf ShL
dj? iv bhD  sKsj hdBGk sp, dkdb j hAdv hAfifsv
hstsYb, pdl W nkA hstsY, kfrst Wv hfsiv jnm W idvfB
sisq pfsh.
v}- zffr YfVf zsbAv bfsm jnm hf wiK jvf; spmb
`skfmfv rfqfskv hf zfmfv rfqfskv jnm, zKhf mrfmfbA sbkf hf
ufdkv jnm' kAfdl nh rfvfm. hvQ mb jnm jvf dwsjGv
ipGfqHc. jfvB jnm jvfq vsqsY kf'pDm. zfv mb iajfv
kf'pDm zffr uff wfbc YfVf zfv jfsvf ubA ipc bq. zfv
sp kf'pDm sjht zffrv ubA nk, sn kf'pDm lfvf ziv
jfsvf kf'pDm ialwGb jvf dwjG. dj wiKjfvD pJb dhhfn
vfsJ bf sp, `pfv bfsm sn wiK jvsY, kfv mr zffrv mrsv
mk', kJb kfv jnm dwsGj zfjhv rsh bf. hvQ kf dwsjG
zfnov rsh. nckvfQ sp hAd zffr YfVf zsbAv bfsm jnm hf
wiK jsv, sn sYfe dwjG jsv.
mrfbhD  hstb, skfmvf skfmfslv hfi-lflfslv bfsm jnm
sJsqf bf. sp hAdv jnm JfWqfv lvjfv rsh, sn spb zffrv
bfsm Jfq, bsy{ yci Kfsj. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 3407bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, sp hAd zffr YfVf zsbAv bfsm wiK
jsv, sn dwjG jsv. (dkvdmpD, dmwjfk 3419bQ) nckvfQ Jhvlfv!
zfidb zffr YfVf zsbAv bfsm jnm jvshb bf. pdlW zfidb
pfv bfsm jnm jvsYb, dkdb bhD  rb, zKhf duhvDt hf
zbAfbA sjfb vnCt, dIdvf djQhf mfbcN rb. pfhf srfj, zfidb
iissKKvvnnt
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66








zffr YfVf zfv sjfb djYcv bfsm jnm jvshb bf.
hfjD Kfjt bhD -v d -- skf `hfsiv jnm' wdev hAfifsv
rflDsnv rfsIpoB mksHl jsvsYb. zsbsj wdesj znDjfv
j'sv hstb, ` wde bhD  sKsj wcHfsh iamfdBk bq.' zkh
pdl kf rq, kfrst hAfifsv zfv sjfb udetkf zhdw Kfsj bf.
spsrkc iviv-dhsvfLD ziv dv nfsK iaKm dv dhsvfL Kfjst
uvvD sp, ziv d wc W iamfdBk rsk rsh. i[fsv dhsvfLD
d pdl wc iamfdBk bf rq, kfrst kf iaKm dv mcjfshtfv
spfoA rq bf hQ kfv iadk s[iW jvf rq bf. zhwA p]fvf hstb,
` d (hfsiv jnm) wc iamfdBk' k]fslv jKf zbcnfsv
udetkfv uWqfh sp, rflDn udet W lcshGfLA. i[fsv
zffr YfVf zsbAv bfsm wiK jvf dbdN rWqfv hAfifsv rflDnde
i W shfLomA. nckvfQ zfmfslv dbje lc'de d vsqsY; jde
nci W shfLomA. zivde zi W udetkf-iCBG. zfv ncdh
hAdslv bDdk sp, k]fvf zi W udetkfiCBG d huGb jsv
nci W shfLomA dsj oarB jsvb. zffr kfzftf hstb,
,u8[U'      B     a0  )P
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zKGf{, dkdb skfmfv iadk djkfh zhkDBG jsvsYb, pfv djYc
zfqfk nci lAKGrDb, dt djkfshv mCt zQw; zfv zbAocdt
zi zshfL-omA. pfslv msb jcdetkf zfsY kfvf dIkbf nxd W
Hct hAfJAfv sswA pf zshfLomA kfv zbcnvB jsv. hk}
zffr hAkDk zbA sj v hAfJAf ufsb bf. zfv pfvf ncdh kfvf
iissKKvvnnt
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67








hst, zfmvf dhhfn jdv. nm zfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje
sKsj zfok. (nCvf zfst mvfb 7 zfqfk)
rflDsn d (hfsiv jnm) udetkfiCBG zi ubA
htdY sp, spsrkc kfsk vsqsY jfdLj hAfJAfv nHfhbf. rsk ifsv
d dkdb jsvsYb zffrv bfm YfVf zsbAv bfsm wiK dbdN
rWqfv iCshG. rsk ifsv vjm htfv ShLkf vnCt -v ubA Jfn.
(zKGf{ vi dkdb htsk ifsvb, zfv zbA sj ifsv bf.) jfvB
k]fv hAfifsv dwsjGv jibf znHh. zfhfv rsk ifsv d sn
nh jKfv ipGfqHc pf zdbYfjxkHfsh jKfv mff drnfsh mcJ sKsj
shv rsq isV. zkh dv hAfifsv pJb k hAfJAfv zhjfw
vsqsY, kJb vnCt  rsk kf nrDrHfsh iamfdBk rstW zfmfslv
ubA zfhwAj sp, zfmvf nci W udetkfrDb dv iv
zfmt jvh. zfv kf rt sp, zffr YfVf zsbAv bfsm jnm
JfWqf dbdN.
zhwA zsbsj jKfW htsk ifsv sp, `zffr YfVf zsbAv
bfsm jnm zHAfnokHfsh zfmfv mcJ sKsj shv rsq Kfsj pf
huGb jvf lcjv.' ksh kfv v dj?
v sv zfmvf hdt sp, ef sjfb ltDt bq. hvQ zfidb vi
jnm kAfo jvfv hQ zHAfn sKsj dIsv zfnfv ts[A zfibfv
zfkfv dhvs durfl jvb. zfmfv msb isV, zfmfv nfsK sjfb
hAfifsv jKf htsk htsk j hAdsj bhDv bfsm jnm sJsk wcbst
zfdm k]fsj dbsNL jvtfm. sn kJb yeX jsv hst Et, `bhDv jnm!
zfv dlkDqhfv vi jnm Jfh bf!' zKy sn jKf vi jnm icb}
bf JfWqfv iv dbyqkflfsbv dHdsk hstdYt. dj zHAfn
mb dudbn sp, kfv mcJ sKsj sn jnm icbvfq shv rt.
iissKKvvnnt
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68








kf hdt sp, vi jnsmv w zfibfv duH sKsj mcsY
sItfv ubA zfidb pKfnfLA syf jvb. jfvB kf dwjG! zfv
dwsjGv dhid hV Hqfbj --pdlW kf sYfe rq. mb dj wfqJct
ntfm hsb kAfdmqfr vfdrmffr hstb, dwsjGv zivfL
zffr [mf jvshb bf, pdlW kf sYfe dwjG rq.
hsb mfnl  hstb, `zffr YfVf zsbAv bfsm nkA jnm
JfWqfv sysq zffrv bfsm dmKAf jnm JfWqf zfmfv dbje zdLj
iYlbDq.'
wfJct ntfm hstb, `kf jfvsB sp (zsbAv bfsm nkA
jnm JfWqf rstW, kf dwjG hQ zffrv bfsm dmKAf jnm JfWqf
jfhDvfr (sofbfr). zfv jfhDvfr sofbfrv sysq dwsjGv sofbfr
zdLj hV.' (Iskfqf wfqJ hsb NfmDb 1/174)

z
zffffr
r YYffV
Vff z
zssbbAAvv
ss
ssw
wAA ppsshhr
r ddw
wjjG G
iaw}- zfWdtqf W nfstrDbslv jhsvv dbje JfnD pshr jsv
k]fslv SbjeAtfsHv zfwf jvf zfmfslv hQsw zfuW iaydtk. zfdm
kfslvsj hhfv dbsNL jsvdY; dj kfvf iaskAjhfsv zfmfv jKf
skAv nfsK iakAfJAfb jsvsY. zfdm kfslvsj hstdY, `mb
jvst, zffrv nfsK dwjG jvf rq.' dj hstsY, zfmvf skf zffrv
pKfpK hflk j'sv Kfdj. ksh k]fv zfWdtqfv jhv dpqfvk jvst,
zfmfslv Idvqfsl `skfmfv zmcj WtDv slfrf (znDtfq)
zfmfslvsj svfo mc jv, zKhf zmcj dhil lCv jv' httfm skf
kfsk slfN dj? zfdm hstdY, `zfmfslv lDb sjfb mfLAm hf znDtfv
lDb bq.' kfvf uhfsh hstsY, `zfmfslvsj zfmfslv dbsuv zhfq
sYsV lfW.'
iissKKvvnnt
t






69








Jb zfmfv iaw rt, Wslvsj n{isK dIdvsq zfbfv ts[A jD
ifq zfsY hst zfidb msb jsvb? zfdm Wslv ubA jD jvsk
ifdv ? zfdm djvsi dhlzfskv dhvs tVsk ifdv? v
slshb. LbAhfl.
v}- djkfh W ncfr sKsj ltDstv dHdsk jKf dhdlk
sp, zffr YfVf zbA sjfb zfWdtqf, dub, mCdkG, iaHdx k nxdv
sswA pshr jvf dwsjGv zHGc hQ kf ufsrdtqfk W
mcwdvjslv jmG. zffr kfzftf hstb,
    E,+
u'      N,       2I
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/  % 

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zKGf{, ht, dbyq zfmfv bfmfp, zfmfv jcvhfbD (pshr) zfmfv
uDhb W zfmfv mckAc jmf sn zffr dhhufrfsbv
iadkiftsjv ubA. k]fv sjfb zQwD sb. zfv zfdm hAfifsv
zfdl rsqdY hQ zfdm iaKm zfknmiGBjfvD (mcndtm). (nCvf
zfbzfm 162-163 zfqfk)
zfqfsk `bcnj c ' wsv zKG rt `pshr'. zffr nchrfbf
Jfsb nciHfsh sOfNBf jsvb sp, zffr YfVf zsbAv sswA
pshr jvf dwjG, spmb dkdb YfVf zsbAv sswA bfmfp iVf dwjG.
dkdb zfsvf hstb,
  G  /   XT
  E, /   , v,
     _     GM1 
 &7C
zKGf{, dbyq zfdm skfmfsj jWnv (rWp) lfb jsvdY. nckvfQ
kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv sswA bfmfp iV hQ jcvhfbD jv. (nCvf
jfnfv 1-2 zfqfk)
nCvf wvDsI zffr nchrfbf k]fv bhDsj zfslw jsvb sp,
dkdb spb k]fv sswA bfmfp isVb hQ k]fv sswA jcvhfbD
iissKKvvnnt
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70








W pshr jsvb. zfv sk dkdb sn mcwdvjslv dhivDk W
dhsvfL jsvb pfvf zffr YfVf zsbAv sswA dnulf W pshr
jvk.
dkdb zbA hstb, (
)
zKGf{, zfv skfmfv iadkiftj Ifqnftf W zfslw jsvsYb
sp, skfmvf sjht k]fv hflk jv---. (nCvf hfbD nvft 23 zfqfk)
  &W )*<,
dkdb zfsvf hstb, (Y   / N,       % <!`,
  JT3      1 M '
   '
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zKGf{, kfvf skf sjht zffrv zfbcoskA dhwcdys rsq
jdbHfsh k]fv hflk jvsk zfdl rsqdYt. (hfdqbfr } 5)
zfv zsKGgzfsvf h zfqfk vsqsY. iv `pshr jvf' jde
hflk. pf dhwcdys jmf zffrv sswA dbshdlk rsh.
nrDr mcndtsm zfmDvt mcdmbDb zftD dhb zfhD kfsth  rsk
hdBGk, zffrv vnCt  hstsYb, zffr sn hAdsj zdHwfi
jsvb, sp hAd zffr YfVf zsbAv sswA pshr jsv. (iajfw
sp, smrmfbsj JfWqfsbfv ubA djYc pshr jvf v ipGfqHc bq.)
i[fsv hfv `zfdm zffrv dbje k]fv zfWdtqfv znDtfq
hf k]fv zfWdtqfv mpGflfv znDtfq zKhf bhDv znDtfq hf bhDv
mpGflfv znDtfq iafKGbf jvdY' htf dwjG bq. hvQ zdLjfQw
tfmfosBv dbje kf dhlzfk hQ dwsjGv znDtf. sjbbf, lczf
hf zffrv dbje iafKGbf rt j iajfv hflk; pfv idk ltDt-
nfsi[. zKy zfmfslv bhD  rsk mb sjfb ltDt iamfdBk
sb, pf zffrv nxdv msLA jfsvf hAdk hf mpGflfv znDtfq lczf
jvfv ShLkfv iadk dk jsv. nckvfQ zffr pf dhdLh jsvbdb
sn znDtf bhvsi fhb jsv (kfv mfLAsm) lczf jvf
mcndtsmv ubA ufsqp bq. dkdb hstb,
iissKKvvnnt
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71

% N  *
     x ' )*<,
  / )'  Cm
 y      Ym    a 
    y
zKGf{, kfslv dj mb jkjocstf zQwDlfv (ifnA zfsY pfvf
kfslvsj mb lDsbv dhLfb dlsqsY, pfv zbcmdk zffr slbdb!
(nCvf wCvf 21 zfqfk)
zfv bhD  hstb, sp hAd zfmfslv (lDb) dhNsq bkcb
djYc fhb jsv -- pf kfv zHG
c bq, kf iakAfJAfk. (hcJfvDW
mcndtm)
mcndtsmv j hBGbfq zfsY pf hcJfvD dhbf nbsl iakAsqv nfsK
kfv nrDr oas hBGbf jsvsYb, sp hAd mb sjfb jmG jsv pfv
iadk zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sb kf iakAfJAfk. zfv `iakAfJAfk'
mfsb kf hAdv dbje sKsj oarB jvf W smsb sbWqf rsh bf.
zkh iaskAj mcndtsmv ubA Wqfsuh rt, zffr pf dhdLh
jsvsYb dbqmdb rsq sjht kfv zbcnvB jvf hQ stfsjslv
bh fdhk dhlzfknmCr rsk nfhLfb W lCsv Kfjf. iv dhsLq
znDtfW vsqsY wvDqsk (pfv znDtfq lczf jvf pfq). zfv kf
rt zffrv bfm W ocBfhtDv znDtf, k]fv jkhfslv znDtf,
sbj zfmstv znDtf, zffr W k]fv vnCstv iadk mfsbv znDtf,
zffr W klDq vnCstv iadk mrskv znDtf hQ zbcvi zfsvf
zbAfbA sbj W n{jsmGv znDtf. idvswsN zfmvf zffrv dbje
kWIDj yf, dkdb kWIDjlfkf. (djkfhcf'Wqfr 16)

lofG q {noDj
G k
x -iv mfQn
iaw }- sjfb loGfq hf mfpfsv vn kAfdlsk {noDGjk x ;
ofqvfrv bfsm hf kfv kcddhLfsbv sswA pshrjxk iwcv mfQn
sp Jfq, sn mcwdvj dj? bfdj sn rfvfm H[BjfvD ifiD ?
iissKKvvnnt
t






72








v }- zffr dH zsbAv bfsm {noDGjk x iwc hQ zffr
dH zsbAv bfm dbsq zKhf zffrv bfm bf dbsq pshrjxk iwcv
mfQn JfWqf rfvfm. spmb sn nm pshrjxk i, pfv fvf mfpfv
W loGfiCufvDvf jhvhfnDv SbjeA W ncd tfsHv zfwf j'sv
Kfsj, kfv mfQnW H[B jvf zShL. spsrkc kf mxk iwcv mfQsnv
zbcvi. ksh sp hAd wvDqskv dbslGw bf susb hf zhsrtfq kf
H[B jsv hQ JfWqf rftft msb bf jsv, ksh sn jfsIv rsq
pfsh bf. (tfubfr lf-sqmfr,mfuffkct hdnt ntfdmqAfr,26/109)

jhvp
c mndusl bfmfp
iaw }- sjfb mnduslv dHkv jhv Kfjst kfsk bfmfp iVf
ShL dj ?
v }- mnduslv dHkv rsk jhv J]csV mxkhAdv zd
kAfdl shv j'sv mcndtmslv nfLfvB jhvfsb lfIb jvf
Wqfsuh. sp mndusl jhv zfsY sn mndusl bfmfp iVf ShL bq.
(tfubfr lf-sqmfr,mfuffkct hrCdnt ntfdmqAfr 20/175)

j
jhhvv llf f vvff k
kffhhffvvG G j
j oor
ar
a BB jjvvff,, kkff ssj
jlla a
j
jssvv k
kWWqqffI Ij jvvff hhQQ ooffqqvvffr
rvv bbffssmm
wwi iKK j jvvff ddj
j??
iaw } mrfmfbA wfqJ mcrfmfl dhb nfstr zft-NfmDb
(rfdIpffr)!
zfnnftfmc zftfjcm zvfrmfkcf-dr zhfvfjf-kcr.
jhv fvf kfhfvGj oarB jvf, sjfb iasqfub dmefsbf hf nfdLA
iissKKvvnnt
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73








tfsHv sswA jhsvv ykcifGswG kWqfI jvf dj? klbcvi
ofqvfrv bfsm wiK jvf dj? spmb, bhDv jnm, skfmfv
uDhsbv jnm, zfmfv zfdHufskAv wiK, nislv wiK
kAfdl? zfhfv Lvsbv wiKjfvDsj dbsNL jvst hst, ef
zfmfslv zbfqfndn zHAfn. kf zfmvf dhNsq zfstfjifk
jfmbf jdv. zffr zfmfslv W mcndtmslv kvI sKsj zfibfsj
sbj hltf lfb jvb. znnftf-mc zftfjcm z vfrmfkcf-dr z
hfvfjf-kcr.
v } z zftfjcmnc nftf-mc z vfrmfkcf-dr z hfvfjf-kcr.
jhv lfvf kfhfvGj oarB rfvfm hQ j iajfv dwjG. spsrkc
sk mb hv iaHfh nfhA jvf rq, sp nisjG zffr sjfb
ltDt zhkDBG jsvbdb. ntsI nfstrDsbvW Lvsbv kfhfvGj
sbWqfv zfyvB dYt bf. zkh dlj dlsq kf dhlzfk hst
oBA rsh. i[fsv pdl kfhfvGj oarBjfvD dhwfn vfsJ sp,
jhvhfnDv sjfb iaHfh-[mkf zfsY, zKhf zdb dbhfvsBv djQhf
lfsbv sjfb wd zfsY hQ kfsj sswA zfrfb jsv,
kfrst kf dwsjG zfjhv hf hxrm dwjG rsh. klbcvi jhvhfnDv
kf'pDm W nfmDiA tfsHv sswA vjc dnulf zKhf pshr lfvf
kfv ubA hflk jvstW dwsjG zfjhv rq . zffr kfzf-tf
hstb,
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zKGf{-sp hAd zffrv ns zbA ifnAsj zfrfb jsv pfv
dbjse dhNsq sjfb nbl sb ; kfv drnfh kfv iadkiftsjv
dbje zfsY dbyq jfsIvlt nItjfm rsh bf. (nCvf mcsmbCb
iissKKvvnnt
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74








117zfqfk) dkdb zfsvf hstb,
.   N I
<W    _*
\  @!` .   6C
       b .   X6`3  Y4,  ]* 
      NI
/       )6
  
zKGf{, sp kfv iadkiftsjv nf[f{ jfmbf jsv, sn spb n{jmG
jsv hQ kfv iadkiftsjv hflsk jfsjW wvDj bf jsv .
(nCvf jfrXI 110 zfqfk) zfv dwsjG zfjhsvv mcwdvj jfsIv. sn
dyvfqD ufrffmhfnD rsh hQ uffk kfv ubA rfvfm rsh.
spsrkc zffr kfzftf hstb,
     , '
JK3   I1 &, '
   % aW <4
     , A1 &? N3C
     )'
 1     % _[*  \
  NGM

ITG   )'

zKGf{, zhwA sp sj zffrv zQwD jvsh, dbyq zffr kfv
ubA shsrX rfvfm jvshb W kfv hfnfb rsh slfpJ. zfv
zkAfyfvDslv ubA sjfb nfrfpAjfvD sb. (nCvf mf-sqlfr 72zfqfk)
ofqvfrv bfsm wiK; pdl wiKjfvD pfv bfsm wiK jsv, kfv
ubA dhhfn vfsJ sp, zffr kfzftfv mpGflfv mk kfvW
mpGflf zfsY, kfrst sn dwjG zfjhsvv mcwdvj. pdl sn dhhfn
bf Kfsj; hvQ kfv zsv pfv bfsm wiK jvsY kfv iadk kf'pDm
Kfsj pfv jfvsB sn kfv bfsm wiK jvsk c rq hQ zffrv
mpfGlfv bAfq kfvW mpfGlf zfsY -- jKf dhhfn bf vfsJ, kfrst
sn sYfe dwsjGv mcwdvj. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb, sp ofqvfrv
bfsm wiK jsv, sn jcIvD jsv zKhf dwjG jsv.
sp sj jhv lfvf kfhfvGj oarB jsv, jhvhfnDsj zfisl-dhisl
zfrhfb jsv zKhf zffr YfVf zbA jfsvf bfsm jnm Jfq, kfsj hfLf
slWqf Wqfsuh hQ i jsv hcUfsbf dyk sp, nh kfsj zffrv
wfd sKsj dbfv slsh bf.
iissKKvvnnt
t






75








i[fsv wiKjfvDv jKf sp, `ef zfmfslv zbfqfndn
zHAfn.' skf ltDt rt mcwdvjslv ltDt pfvf vnCtoBsj dmKAf
msb jsvsY. kfvf hstsY ,
 t  {C
   U4'
<    {C
   PIv( 1   A'
  GM 1   GYZ(     GM\ 
  ZG<]
zKGf{, `zfmvf skf zfmfslv iChGivc Nslvsj j mkflswGv
zbcnfvD sisqdY hQ zfmvf kfslv ilffbcnfvD.' (nCvf
pcJvcI23zfqfk) pJb vnCt kfslvsj hstdYstb,
     N
   U3  "I

   GM1  ,9
     , YZ(
    <]
  N3C
     U5]
     1 <P 
    ,    :9
 
zKGf{, skfmvf skfmfslv iChGivc NoBsj pfv zbcnfvD sisqY
zfdm pdl skfmfslv ubA klsi[f {jx iK-dbslGw zfbqb
jdv; khcW dj skfmvf kfslv ilffbcnvB jvsh? iakAc sv kfvf
htk, skfmvf pf dbsq siadvk rsqY zfmvf kf iakAfJAfb jdv.
(nCvf pcJvI24 zfqfk) zffr hstb,
J+K     
   /   A!9C        , >
   G   
  &' &64UG

zKGf{, zk}iv Wslv dbje sKsj zfdm iadkswfL oarB jvtfm.
slJ, dmKAfyfvDslv idvBfm sjmb dYt? (nCvf pcJvcI 25 zfqfk)
jfsvf ubA kfv hfdkstv iv hst ltDt Lvf ShL bq sp,
sn kfv iChGivc Nslv vi jvsk slsJsY, zKhf ef kfv zHAfn
kAfdl. pdl Lvsbv sjfb ltDt sj smsbW Kfsj, ksh zffr
kfzftfv dbje kf znfv W hAKG. kf sjfb tfHW slsh bf hQ
sjfb ijfsvW zfnsh bf. kf pfvf zbcvi hAfdLoa kfslv
dyk, zffrv iadk kWhf (iakAfhkGb) jvf hQ nskAv zbcnvB
jvf -- kfsk kf spJfsb srfj, pfv dbje sKsj srfj hQ
pJb srfj. nkA oarB jvsk spb dbu nialfsqv zfyvB W
iissKKvvnnt
t






76








zHAfn zKhf ubnfLfvsBv H{Gnbf kfsj iadkrk bf jsv. jfvB,
iajk
x mc'dmb sn, sp zffrv Wqfs sjfb dkvfvjfvDv
dkvfvsj oafrA jsv bf hQ zffrv lDb sKsj sjfb iadkhj
kfsj hfLf dlsk ifsv bf.
zffr pf iYl jsvb, kf jvsk dkdb njtsj siavBf lfb
jvb hQ pfsk k]fv sfL W wfd zfsY kf sKsj v[f jvb.
(zfmDb)
dtsJsYb mcrfml dhb nfstr zft-NfmDb. 13/10/ 1412dr}

jhsvv iv stJf dj?

iaw }- jhsvv iv stJf zKhf dhdH vQ lfvf dydrk jvf dj?
v }- vQ jvf ycbjfm jvfv zHGc. zfv mrfbhD 
jhv ycbjfm jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb. klbcvi (vQ jvf)
mfbcsNv iviv ohGshfL jvfv znDtfW hse; pfsk jhvnmCr
ohGiajfw jvfv fsb idvBk rsh. nckvfQ kfv sKsj lCsv Kfjf
dyk.
zfv jhsvv iv djYc dtJfv jKf ; skf mrfbhD  dtJsk
dbsNL jsvsYb. zhwA djYc tfmf hAfifsv nru jsvsYb, pdl
dtJf sjht dyr vfJfv ubA rq. pfsk mxkhAdv sjfb iawQnfdl
bf rq. zfv dbsNsLv rflDnsj sn zhfv iv dbdlG jsvsYb,
sp zhfq jhvhfnDv kf'pDsmv sswA dtJf rq. zfv v
ltDst hstsYb sp, jhsvv iv dtJf dbdN rWqfv hAfifvef
jhsvv ycbjfm W kfv iv mfvk hfbfsbf dbdN rWqfv
iissKKvvnnt
t






77








(2)
hAfifsvv zbcvi. (nfhbf ncqftfb ID zfrjf-dmt ufbf-p,
mcrfmfl zft-NfmDb)

bhDdlhn iftb jvf pfsh dj?

iaw }- 12 vhDt zfWqft bhD -v idh umdlb
its[A slv mk dlsb Ycde bf mfdbsq vfsk mndusl nmshk
rsq k]fv idh uDhb-ydvk zfstfybf jvf mcndtmslv ubA ShL
dj? zfmvf sk mksHsl isVdY. sj hst dhlXzfsk rfnfbfr,
zfhfv sj hst, ofqv rfnfbfr (nfdqzfr)?
v }- 12 vhDt zfWqft hf zbA sjfb vfsk bhD -v
umdlb its[ nmshk rsq bhDdlhn iftb jvf mcndtmslv
ubA ShL bq. spmb dkdb YfVf zbA jfsvf umdlb iftb jvfW
kfslv ubA ShL bq. spsrkc umdlb iftb lDsb zdHbh
dhlXzfknmCsrv zHG c . sjbbf bhD  k]fv uDhsb dbsuv
umdlb iftb jsvbdb, zKy dkdb lDsbv mchfdo W iayfvj hQ
mrfb iadkiftsjv dbje sKsj zbcwfnb iadkfkf. hAfifsv
dkdb sjfb dbslGwW slbdb. k]fv iv k]fv sJftfIfsq vfswlDb, k]fv
nm nfrfhfhoG hQ nBGpsc ov dbfhfb kfshqDbhxlW kf iftb
jsv pfbdb. pfsk iakDqmfb rq sp, kf dhlzfk. vnCt  hstb,
sp hAd zfmfslv (Dsbv) hAfifsv sjfb djYc zdHbh vybf
jvt -- pf v zHGc bq, kf vdrk (hfdkt). (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
`mcndtm'v j hBGbfq zfsY pf mfm hcJfvD dhbf nbsl iakAsqv

(2) ncbfb zfhc lfsl hdBGk rsqsY sp,bhD  hsb mfpb v jhsvv iv jde ifKv
vfJstb hQ htstb,zfdm v fvf zfmfv Hfsqv jhv dybsk ifvh hQ zfmfv idvhfsvv
mxkslrsj kfv ifsw lfIb jvh. --hsb duhvDb
iissKKvvnnt
t






78








nfsK hBGbf jsvsYb, dkdb  hstb, sp hAd mb sjfb jmG
jsv, pfsk zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sb kf iakAfJAfk.
umdlhn iftb jvfv hAfifsv mrfbhD  -v sjfb dbslGw sb
hvQ kf ivhkDG pcsov stfsjvf LsmG bkcbHfsh iad[ jsvsY; pf
hfdkt hst oBA rsh. mrfbhD  ucmzfv dlb Jckhfq
htskb,zk}iv dbyq m hfBD zffrv oa hQ m iK-
dbslGw mcrfmfl -v iK-dbslGw. nh sysq ml jmG Wv zdHbh
vdyk jmGnmCr. hQ iaskAj bh jmG dhlzfk, zfv iaskAj
dhlzfkX kf. rflDndesj mfm mcndtm k]fv nrDr oas hBGbf
jsvsYb. mfm bfnfW rflDndesj m nbl lfvf hBGbf jsvsYb.
pfsk jKfdesjW zdkdv jvf rsqsY, hQ iaskAj kfv fb
slfpsJ. i[fsv mndul W mflafnf kAfdlsk vnCt -v uDhb-
ydvk hQ ufsrdtqfk W ntfsm k]fv uDhsbdkrfn nix
ifEfhtDv nfsK k]fv um-nQf rflDn kAfdl iadw[B k]fv um
dlhn iftsbv zHfh iCvB jvsh. pfsk bkcbHfsh sjfb mb
zbcfb iftsbv iasqfub Kfjsh bf, pf zffr hf k]fv vnCt dhdLh
jsvbdb hQ pfv iamfsB sjfb wvqD ltDtW hkGmfb sb.
zfv zffr nfrfpAt. zffrv dbje zfmvf njt
mcntmfsbv ubA ncfrXv iv psK jvfv hQ dhlzfk sKsj
h]fyfv drlfqfk W kWIDj iafKGbf jdv. (IfkfWqf djkfdhl lf'Wqfr,
hsb hfp 1/240)

ufsqp W bfufsqp UfV-Ij

c]
iaw}- zfmfslv slsw djYc stfj zfsYb p]fvf (iDv, ucv,
smZtfbf hf WfuD) bfsm idvdyk k]fvf sjfb hAd svfo-iDdVk hf
uflcoa zKhf dub-zff kAfdl rst kfhDp zfdl dtsJ
iissKKvvnnt
t






79








dydj{nf jsv Kfsjb. nckvfQ Lvsbv mfbcNslv jfsY sp dydj{nf
jvfq hQ k]fslv dydj{nf ns wvDqskv dbslGw jD ?
v}- pflc-oa zKhf zbAiajfv svfoDsj UfV-Icj ] jvf
sjfb lCNBDq jfu bq; pdl UfV-I]sc jv m jcvzfb hf dhsLq lczf
sKsj rq. sjbbf, rflDn wvDsI iamfdBk sp, bhD  nfrfhfoBsj
UfV-I]cj jvskb. dkdb sp nh lczf kAfdl lfvf UfV-I]j c
jvskb kfv jde lczf dbbvi}-


.
(zfrmfl, zfhC lfl 3892bQ, zfthfbD rflDndesj pqDI hst dydrk
jsvsYb)
dhsLq UfV-I]sc jv lczfnmCsrv jde dbbvi}-




.



yfvB}- dhndmf-dr zfvjDj, dmb jcd wfdqb 'pDj,
zdmb wfdvG jcd bfIdnb zf zfdb rf-dnl, zff- qAfwIDj,
dhndmf-dr zfvjDj.
zKG- zfdm skfmfsj zffrv bfm dbsq iaskAj jlfqj h sKsj
hQ iaskAj zfkf zKhf hlbusvv zdb sKsj mcd sisk UfVdY.
zffr skfmfsj zfsvfoA lfb jvb. zffrv bfm dbsq skfmfsj
UfVdY. (mcndtm, dkvdmpD)
dhsLq UfV-I]sc jv zfsvf jde sp, shlbfrk hAd kfv
shlbf st rfk svsJ (3 hfv `dhndmfr' hst 7hfv) dbsmv lczf
ifE jvsh}-
iissKKvvnnt
t






80

.

yfvB}- zfpc dhpXpfdkf-dr zjclvfdkrD dmb wfdvG mf zfdulc
zrf-dpv.
zKG- zfdm zffrv mpGflf W jclvskv znDtfq sn dudbsnv
zdb rsk zfwaq yfdY pf zfdm ifdY W Hq jvdY. (mcndtm 2202
bQ, zfhc lfl 4/11)
YfVf zfsvf zbAfbA lczf zfsY, pf tfmfoB vnCt  rsk
hdBGk rflDnnmCr sKsj sJ jsvsYb.
i[fsv zfqfk W lczf dtsJ (rfsk, sjfmsv hf otfq)
tejfsbfv ShLkf W zShLkfv hAfifsv tfmfosBv mfsU mksHl
zfsY. sj sj hstb, ShL. zfhfv zsbsj hstb, kf zShL.
ksh ndEj W hdt msk kf zShL W bf ufsqp. jfvB, vi
dydj{nf-idk bhD  rsk hdBGk rqdb. sjht hdBGk rsqsY
UfV-I]cj jvfv jKf. i[fsv zfqfk hf lczf dtsJ svfoDv otfq
hf rfsk tejfsbf zKhf hfdtswv dbsy vfJf kAfdlv jKf ndEj
vfq msk dbdN. sjbbf, mb dydj{nf-iaBftD rflDsn sJ
rqdb. zfv sp hAd wvDqskv zbcsmflb YfVf sjfbW dhNqsj
zbA j dhNsqv srkc hfbfq, sn hAdv jfu j iajfv dwjG
drnfsh idvodBk rq. jfvB, sk sn hsj (kfhDp W jhysj
svfo-hftf lCv jvfv) srkc hfbfsbf rq, pfsj zffr srkc vsi
zbcsmflb jsvbdb.
zhwA nh djYc nm iDv, smZtfbf hf WfpDslv jKf
lxdycAk j'sv htf rt. iv ufdb bf, W]vf rqskf IjDvD hf
Slhdydj{njslv swaBDHc pfvf zShL W rfvfm (hfjA hf w;
spmb dIdvf, wqkfb, bjXsw nctfmfbD, zshfLomA w iaHdx k)
iissKKvvnnt
t






81








dtsJ kfhDp hfdbsq Kfsj. vi kfhDp dtJf W hAhrfv jvf rfvfm
rWqfsk skf sjfb nslr sb. ubA djYc tfmf hstsYb,
`UfV-I]csj slfN sb. ksh wkG rt, kf spb zKGshfLj W dwjGrDb
rq.' (Iskfqf wfqJ hsb NfmDb 1/139)

lh-dydj{nsjv dbje dydj{nf

iaw }- j swaBDv mfbcN pfvf -- kfslv jKfbcpfqD -- slwDq
dydj{nf lfvf dydj{nf jsv. zfdm pJb kfslv jusbv dbje
sotfm kJb sn zfmfsj htt, `skfmfv bfm W skfmfv mfsqv bfm
dtJ hQ zfofmDjft dIsv n.' zk}iv hAd pJb kfslv
dbje icbvfq dIsv zfsn, kJb kfvf kfsj hst, `skfmfv zmcj
svfo rsqsY hf slfN rsqsY hQ skfmfv dydj{nf hf .'
Wslv jub htsY, W bfdj dydj{nfq zffrv jftfm hAhrfv
jsv. nckvfQ Wslv mk dydj{nj ians zfibfv zdHmk dj?
hQ dydj{nfv ubA Wslv dbje pfWqf ShL rsh dj ?
v }- sp dydj{nj kfv dydj{nfq vi j'sv Kfsj, kf
jKfv iamfB sp, sn dub hAhrfv jsv hQ ofqhD Jhv vfJfv lfhD
jsv. nckvfQ kfv dbje dydj{nf jvfsbf ShL bq. spmb kfv
dbje pfWqf, kfsj sjfb dhNsq iaw jvfW zShL. spsrkc
swaBDv mfbcsNv ubA mrfbhD  hstb, sp hAd sjfb oBsjv
dbje sn sjfb dhNsq dufnfhfl jsv, kfv ydw vfk bfmfp
jhct jvf rq bf. (mcndtm )
oBj, Slh W pflcjsvv dbje spsk, kfslvsj sjfb dhNsq
dufnfhfl jvsk hQ kfslv jKfsj nkAfqb hf dhhfn jvsk
dbdN rWqfv hAfifsv mrfbhD  sKsj jfdLj rflDn Hfsh
iissKKvvnnt
t






82








iamfdBk zfsY. dkdb hstb, sp hAd oBsjv jfsY zfsn hQ sn
pf hst kf nkA hst mfsb, ksh sn mcrfmfl -v iadk zhkDBG
dhNq (jcvzfsbv) nfsK jcIvD jsv (zDjfv jsv).
nckvfQ sp hAd ifKv smsv, jdV sJst, mfdesk lfo sesb zKhf
svfoDsj kfv W kfv mfsqv bfm zKhf sjfb zfkDqv bfm dufnf
j'sv ofqhD (zlxwA) fsbv lfhD jsv, ksh nh jKfv
ltDt sp, sn oBj W Slhslv zHGc. pfslvsj djYc dufnf
jvsk hQ kfslv jKf nkAfqb jvsk mrfbhD  dbsNL
jsvsYb. zkh Wslv sKsj hQ sjfb ofqhD Jhv ufbsk
Wslvsj dufnfhfl jvf sKsj; hvQ Wslv dbje dydj{nf jvfsbf
sKsj nfhLfb rWqf Wqfduh. pdlW kfvf msb jsv sp, Wvf
jcvzfb lfvf dydj{nf jsv. spsrkc iajk x k sofib jvf W
iakfvBf jvf hfdktiDslv zfyvB, kf Wvf pf hst, kfsk
Wslvsj nkAhflD ufbf ShL bq. zfv sp hAd Lvsbv sjfb
mfbcsNv Jhv ufbsk ifvsh kfv ubA Wqfsuh, sn spb Wv Jhv
jkGxis[v dbje siw jsv. jfpD, zfmDv hQ iaskAj wrsv
n{jfspG zfslw W zn{jfspG hfLf lfsbv sjsla zdHspfo jsv.
pfsk kfslv iv zffrv Ifqnftf jfpGjvD jvf rq hQ
mcntmfbvf Wslv zdb, dhO W Wslv znlcifsq isvv mft H[B
jvfv rfk sKsj dbvfif tfH jvsk ifsv. zfv zffr
nfrfpAt. zffrv nfrfpA YfVf ifi sKsj iakAfhkGb hQ
n{jfspG msbfdbshw jvfv [mkf jfsvf sb.
( Ifkf-Wqf djkf-dhl lf'Wqfr, hsb hfp --1/ 22ix} )
iissKKvvnnt
t






83

L mH
G Dvslv ida k dhla i rfbf
iaw }- zffr W k]fv vnCstv zffhr LfdmGjslv iadk dhlai
rfbf dj?
v }- zffr W klDq vnCstv zffhr LmGHDv mcndtmsj
LsmGv pKfKG zbcok rWqfv jfvsB dhlai jvf rfvfm hQ kf
mfbcsNv ubA hV dhibj zfyvB. jfvB jKfv zfwf Kfsj
sp, LmGHDvslvsj kfv zhf kfslv zffrv lDsbv iv
nciadkdk Kfjfsj zhf jvfv It rsk ifsv. kJb kfslvsj
Eff-hA jvfv zKG rsh, kfslv sn iK W kvDjfsj Efef-
hA jvf, pfv iv kfvf iadkdk. pfsk kfvf stfsjslv
zbcvi rsh, pfslv nisjG zffr hstb,
    %  X9 
  & N,"I
U     N*(    ,s`3G
     QG  1  ),4,
    1& GM      )5,
1      >U,"  
 t    )C `G   G*M   
 /   
2+`G   &' AZ     M      <`
       <9  I+U`       
      ,>UF
      G
J' . 
  1   AZ
 
hQ kcdm Wslvsj iab jvst Wvf dbyq htsh, zfmvf skf
zftfi zfstfybf W DVf-sjZkcj jvdYtfm. ht, `skfmvf dj
zffr, k]fv dblwGb W vnCtsj dbsq dhlai jvdYst?' slfN
Jftsbv syf jsvf bf, skfmvf skfmfslv mfb zfbfv iv jfsIv
rsq soY. (nCvf kfWhfr 65-66 zfqfk)
zfqfkde mcbfdIjslv jde sofDsj t[A j'sv zhkDBG
rq. pfvf vnCt  hQ k]fv nfrfhfhxlsj swA j'sv hstdYt,
`zfmvf zfmfslv jfvDlstv mk zfv jfsj zdLj siecj,
dmKcAj hQ vBHDv sldJdb.' kJb zffr kfzftf kfslv
iissKKvvnnt
t






84








uWqfsh zfqfk jqde zhkDBG jsvdYstb.
nckvfQ kfslvsj nfhLfb rWqf dyk, pfvf rjiDslvsj dbsq
--kfvf LmGHDv hst--hA-dhi j'sv Kfsj. spsrkc zffr
kfzftf hstb,
   ,     '] )*+,  1
,'=U*    '
       8  0  M     c*   1 )'
   &'( )*+,  G        1 M
  M
  0   Y;P
,,Zc, 1  (,9      M
   PI      !34G
   ,J> 
    LM
     >3P   !34G 
     M
 1   )'        >3C 
{C
  ,    c*   I,   &'( )*+,   1 a,      ,JW      3"I
    '  
      G  
3`*  1   2v
   ' I,  /  XP  ,
    &* _YI~ 
lcjxkjfvDvf mcdmbslv irfn jvk hQ pJb kfslv dbje
dlsq spk, kJb hlxdsk wfvf jvk. Wvf pJb Wslv
zfibusbv dbje dIsv zfnk kJb {Ic rsq dIvk hQ pJb
Wslv slJk, kJb htk, `dbyq Wvf iK.' Wslvsj skf
kfslv kfhLfqj jsv ifEfsbf rqdb. zfu dhhfnD (mcdmb)oB
irfn jvsY nkA iakAfJAfbjfvD (jfsIv) ltsj, ncndk
zfnb rsk Wslvsj zhstfjb j'sv. jfsIvvf kfslv jxkjfspGv
iadkIt sit skf? (nCvf mckfIdIIDb/29-36zfqfk)
(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr, hsb NfmDb 8ix})

z mn
c dtmsj nftfm
iab }- zmcndtmslvsj nftfm slWqf pfq dj?
v }- zmcndtmslvsj iaKsm nftfm slWqf rfvfm, ShL bq.
spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb, qfl W bfnfslvsj iaKsm nftfm
dlW bf. Wslv nfsK isK nf[f{ rst nQjDBGkfv iadk hfLA jv.
iissKKvvnnt
t






85








dj Wvf pdl zfmfslvsj iaKsm nftfm slq, kfrst kfv v
slWqf zfmfslv ubA Wqfsuh rsh. spsrkc nfLfvBHfsh zffr
hstb,
  0    > &' )FW t  
ZP@I       0   A1 U  UW
   /  M
zKGf{, zfv pJb skfmfslvsj zdHhflb jvf rq, kJb skfmvfW
kf zsi[f m zdHhflb jvsh zKhf Wv zbcvi v
slsh. (nCvf dbnf 86)
qflDvf mrfbhD -sj nftfm dlk, htk, `zfnXnf-mc
zftfjf qf mcrfmfl! (skfmfv iv mxkAc hNGB srfj, sr
mcrfmfl!)' `zfnXnf-m' v zKG mxkAc . kfvf vnCt -sj mxkAc v
hczf dlk. kf bhD  htstb, qflDvf hst, `zfnXnf-mc
zftfjcm.' nckvfQ Wvf pJb skfmfslvsj nftfm slsh, kJb
skfmvf kfv sv ht, `z zftfjcm.
zkh sjfb zmcndtm pJb mcndtmsj nftfm dlsq hst,
`zfnXnf-mc zftfjcm,' kJb zfmvf kfv sv hth, `z
zftfjcm.' iv k]fv d `z zftfjcm' jKfv ltDt
sp, pdl Wvf `skfmfslv iv nftfm' hst, kfrst kfslv isvW
nftfm. nckvfQ Wvf spmb htsh, zfmvfW Wslvsj skmdb hth.
ubA jkj tfmf hstsYb sp, qflD, dJafb hf zbA sjfb
zmcndtm pJb i ws `zfnXnftfmc zftfjcm' htsh, kJb
zfmfslv ubA `z zftfjcmnc nftfm' hst v slWqf ShL rsh.
zbcviHfsh zmcndtmslvsj iaKsm fok ufbfsbf, spmb
`zfrtfb z nfrtfb (fokm, sJfw zfmsll, Wsqt jfm iaHdx k)
htfW ShL bq. spsrkc sk kfslv nmfb W kf'pDm zdHhA
rq. dj Wvf pJb iaKsm zfmfslvsj hst nfok ufbfsh, kJb
iissKKvvnnt
t






86








zfmvfW kfslvsj zbcvi hst v slh. spsrkc ntfm
bAfqivfqBkf sbsY hQ iaskAj zdLjfvDsj kfv zdLjfv dlsk
c jsvsY. zfv jKf dhdlk sp, zffr zfppf z uffv
dbjse mcndtmvf nmfb W mpGflfv dlj dlsq nhfGsi[f hV. kf
iaKsm zmcndtmslvsj nftfm dlsq dbsuslvsj zil jvf dyk
bq. zkh svv nfvmsmG hdt sp, zmcndtmsj iaKsm nftfm
slWqf ShL bq. spsrkc bhD  sKsj dbsNL jsvsYb hQ
spsrkc sk mcndtsmv tfbf zfsY. jfvB sn sk zmcndtmsj
iaKsm kf'pDm W nmfb ialwGb jsv. zKy zffrv dbje
mcndtm nmfsbv dlj dlsq zdLj y. kf sk dbsusj
zimfdbk jvf dyk bq. i[fsv pJb Wvf zfmfslvsj nftfm
slsh, kJb zfmvf kfslv zbcvi nftfsmv v slh. klbcvi
Wslvsj iaKsm nfok ufbfsbfW ShL bq. spmb, `zfrtfb z
nfrtfb, mfvrfhf' kAfdl htf. sjbbf skW Wslvsj kf'pDm
ialwGb jvf rq. pf Wslvsj iaKsm nftfm slWqfv zbcvi.
(IfkfWqf wfqJ hsb NfmDb,nqsb } zfwvI zfct mfjncl 210-211)

j
jffssI
Ivvssllvvssjj nnffllvv nnffNNBB W
W
mmh
ch
c ffvvj
jhhffll
mrfmfbA wfqJ mcrfmfl dhb nfstr zft-NfmDb rfsIpffr--
zfnnftfmc zftfjcm zvfrmfkcf-dr zhfvfjfkcr.
zk}iv (ufbsk yf sp),
iaw }- dnmfn sF' W bhhsNGv zfomsb jfsIvslvsj
mchfvjhfl slWqf pfq dj? spsrkc Wvf zfmfslv nfsK jfu jsv.
Wvf pdl zfmfslvsj nfNB ufbfq, kfrst Wslvsj zfmvf
iissKKvvnnt
t






87








djHfsh v slh? its[A Wslv zfsqfduk sjfb zbcfsb
spfolfb jvf ShL dj? dhNqnmCsrv sjfb jef j'sv sItst
mfbcN sofbfrofv rsh dj? pdl nAhrfv, y[ctf hf nsfy
kAfdlv Jfdksv jvf rq? zfv nsh Wslv zbcvi jvf ytsh
dj? dhNsq zfmfslvsj Iskfqf dlb. zffr zfibfsj sbj
hltf slshb.
v }- z zftfjcmnc nftf-mc z vfrmfkcf-dr z
hfvfjfkcr.
dnmfn sF' zKhf zbA sjfb Wslv LmGDq ihG W Jcdwsk
jfsIvslvsj mchfvjhfl slWqf nhGhfdlnmdksm zShL. spmb
hbct jfsqm vfdrmffr k]fv oa `zfrjf-mc zfrdtp dpmfr'
sk bjt jsvsYb. dkdb hstb, `dhdw jcIsvv iakDj W
dblwGsbv s[s mchfvjhfl siw jvf nhGnmdksm rfvfm. spmb
Wslv l zKhf hak its[ mchfvjhfl dlsq htf, `skfmfv ubA
l mchfvj srfj', zKhf ` Jcdwsk wcHfwDN oarB jv'
kAfdl. jfsu pdlW nfNBlfkf jcIv sKsj sh]sy pfq, khcW
kf rfvfsmv zHG c . zfv ef Wslv cwsj dnulf jvfv
its[A mchfvjhfl slWqfv zbcvi. hvQ ef zffrv dbje
sofbfr hQ opshv dlj sKsj mlAifb Jcb, hAdHyfv kAfdlv
iv mchfvjhfl slWqfv sysq zdLj hV W shwD. h mfbcN
pfslv dbje lDsbv sjfb jlv sb, kfvf ifsi idkk rsq
Kfsj. jxkjsmGv jcItsj ufbsk ifsv bf. iv sjfb mfbcNsj
ifi, dhlzfk zKhf jcIsvv iv mchfvjhfl ufdbsq Kfsj, pJb
sn dbdykHfsh zffrv sfL W zndv dwjfv rsq pfq. (hbct
jfsqsmv d nmf)
jfsIvslv LmGDq l-ishG kfslvsj mchfvjhfl slWqf ts[A
iissKKvvnnt
t






88








rfvfm, pf hbct jfsqm sJ jsvsYb. spsrkc kfsk jcIvD
iakDsjv iv jfsIvslv iadkdk Kfjfsj nDjfv W nmKGb jvf rq
hQ kfslv ubA kfsk nmdk iajfw jvf rq. pdlW sn jcIvD
dbsuv ubA iYl jsv bf; dj khcW mcndtsmv ubA jcIvDv iakDsj
nmdk iajfw zKhf kfv iv jfsj mchfvjhfl ufbfsbf ShL bq.
jfvB zffr kfzftf Wsk nmk bb. spmb dkdb hstb,
   ,     * 
   N
,     M
  *  [    @!`,
       1  
 % 
  &C V&d     M

zKGf{, skfmvf jfsIv rst susb vfJ, zffr skfmfslv
mcJfsi[D bb. dkdb k]fv lfnslv ubA jcIvD iYl jsvb bf. pdl
skfmvf kfv iadk jxk rW, kfrst dkdb skfmfslv ubA kf
iYl jsvb. (nCvf pcmfv 7zfqfk)
dkdb zfsvf hstb,
.   a"
&*@     ,
   eI
     e6
     VU6`G         
   3C
   e36
  &*@
 ,
      a,
   
zKGf{, zfu skfmfslv ubA skfmfslv lDbsj iCBGf jvtfm W
skfmfslv iadk zfmfv zbcoar niCBG jvtfm hQ ntfmsj
skfmfslv lDbvsi msbfbDk jvtfm. (nCvf mflfr 3 zfqfk)
nckvfQ jcIvDv iv Wslvsj HfwDN W nflv nfNB fib
rfvfm -- yfsr kfvf hAdv jmGs[s nrjmGD hf nD srfj, yfsr
bf srfj.
pJb Wvf Wslv l its[A zfmfslvsj mchfvjhfl ufbfq,
kJbW zfmvf kfslvsj iakcAsv zdHhflb ufbfsk ifdv bf.
spsrkc kf zfmfslv l bq. zffr kfzftf mb lsj iYl
jsvb bf. jfvB, kf Wslv LsmG zdHbh vdyk jmG. zKhf
dhdLnmk dj kf lDb ntfm lfvf vdrk rsq sosY, sp lDb nr
mcrfmfl -sj zffr kfzftf nmoa nxdv iadk siavB jsvsYb.
iissKKvvnnt
t






89








sp lDb nisjG mrfb zffr hstb,
)*    )'
  n
   H P
 B;

   )3
   N &' X!4* .   a"
     &*@     #d
   U!*
    )'
  
zKGf{, sp sj ntfm YfVf zbA LmG yfst kf jJbW kfv
dbje sKsj oarB jvf rsh bf hQ sn ivstfsj [dkoaslv
ltHc rsh.(zf-st mvfb 85)
its[A mcndtmslv ubA kfslv dbmB oarB jvfW rfvfm.
spsrkc lfWqfk oarB mchfvjhfl fib zsi[f dbjxkv. jfvB
sk Wslv sl zQwoarB jvf rq.
klbcvi mcntmfbslv ubA its[A zbcfbfdlv zfsqfub
j'sv, ivivsj isTZjb ialfb j'sv, dmf dhkvB j'sv,
dhdH iajfv JflA heb j'sv zKhf jmGs[s Ycde sOfNBf j'sv
jfsIvslv nflxwA zhtb jvf ShL bq. jfvB bhD  hstb, sp
hAfd sp nialfsqv zfbcviA zhtb jsv, sn kfslv
ltHc.
wfqJct ntfm hsb kfdmqAfr k]fv oa `jdkpf-n
dnvfdkt mcf jDm, mcJf-tfIfkc zfnrf-dht ufrDm' hstb,
`kfslv djYc l-ishG kfslv nflxwA zhtb, kfvf sp hfdkst
zdhydtk, kfsk kfslv zv JcwDsk Hsv WEfv jfvB rsh hQ
nhk} zfbcviA kfslv ncspfsov nAhrfv jvsk W
lchGtslvsj zLDb jvsk nrfqkf jvsh.'
sp hAd ipcG djYc j'sv sIstsY sn sofbfrofv rsh. yfsr sn
kf dwfyfdvkf, hck, y[ctf hf zbA djYcv Jfdksv jvj bf
sjb. spsrkc mb jvf zffrv lDsb skfNfsmfl jvf, jfsIvslv
zfkf-mbsj nht j'sv skftf hQ kfslv LmG dbsq ohG jvfv
ijvsBv zHG c .
iissKKvvnnt
t






90








zffr iafKGbft. dkdb mcndtmslvsj kfslv LmG nr nmfdbk
W wdwftD jvb. lDsbv iv kfslvsj lxPdvkf lfb jvb
hQ kfslv wslv dhvs kfslvsj nfrfpA jvb. dbyq dkdb
mrfwdmfb ivfmwftD. nm iawQnf dhhuoskv iadkiftj
zffrv dbdms.

zsA ddqf W ufbfpfv bfmfp

(wfqJ zfct zfpDp dhb zfcfr dhb hfp)
1. mfbcNsj dbdykHfsh mxk hcUf sost kfv syfJ lc'desj h
j'sv dlsk rq hQ Kckdb (mfKfv nfsK jfiV fvf) sh]sL dlsk
rq. (pfsk mcJ r]f rsq bf Kfsj).
2. mxk hAdsj sofnt slWqfv nmq }-
kfv tffb zfhxk j'sv, tfwsj nfmfbA dEsq sise rff
yfi dlsq dbQVfsk rsh (sk mtmC djYc Kfjst shv rsq pfsh).
sofnt lfkf dbsuv rfsk hJ hf zbcvi djYc udVsq sbsh hQ
kfv fvf mxkhAdv mtmC kAfdl idvjfv jvsh. zk}iv
bfmfspv mk WpC jvfsh. zk}iv kfv mfKf W lfdV jctifkf
dmdwak ifdb zKhf zbcvi djYc dlsq sLZk jvsh. zk}iv kfv
Ffb ifwG iaKsm sLZk jvsh, kfviv hfm ifwG. zbcvi lc W
dkbhfv sLZk jvsh. iaskAj hfsv kfv sise rfk dIvfsh. kfsk
pdl djYc shv rq ksh kf sLZk j'sv fb (ifqciK) kcstf fvf
h jsv slsh. pdl kfsk h bf rq kfrst s]et jflf fvf hf
zdHbh dydj{nf dhfsbv sjfb lahA --spmb zfEft ide kAfdl
fvf h jvsh hQ icbvfq kfsj pc jvfsh. pdl dkbhfv sLZk
jsvW idvjfv bf rq, kfrst i]fyhfv zKhf nfkhfv ipG sLfWqf
iissKKvvnnt
t






91








pfq. zk}iv jfiV fvf mxskv slr mcsY wcj jvsh. zk}iv
kfv hot, vmCt hQ dnulfv ufqof nmCsr ncod tfofsh. pdl
nfvf slref ncodk jsv, skf snef m. kfv jfIbsj (nco
jfsEv Lcqf] fvf) ncodk jvsh. kfv so]fI W bJ tf Kfjst
sjse sItsh. mfKfv yct zf]yVfsh bf. mdrtfv sjwlfmsj dkbde
shBD jsv kfv iyfsk sYsV vfJsh.
3. mxk hAdsj jfIb ivfsbf }-
mxkhAdsj dkbde nflf jfiV fvf jfIbfsbf rsh. pfsk jfmDn
W ifoVD Kfjsh bf. nfLfvBHfsh jfiVdtsj ipGcidv dhdYsq
kfsk tfw svsJ udVsq slsh. pdl jfmDn, pfv (tcd) W dtIfIf
(yflv) jfIbfq skf kfskW slfN sb. mdrtfsj i]fy jfiV ;
jfmDn, WVbf, pfv W lcde yflv fvf jfIbfsh. dwwcsj j sKsj
dkbde jfisV jfIbfsbf rsh hQ dwjbAfsj jfmDn W lc'de
yflsv jfIbfsbf rsh.
4. mxkhAdsj sofnt lfb, kfv iv ufbfpf iVf hQ kfsj
lfIb jvfv zdLj rjlfv sj ?
mxkhAd uDdhkjfst pfsj zdnqk j'sv pfsh sn nshv
zdLj rjlfv. zk}iv kfv dikf, zk}iv dikfmr, zk}iv
v nisjGv nhGfsi[f dbjekm zfkDq icvN, zk}iv kfv
sysq jm dbjsev zfkDq icvN. mxk mdrtfsj sofnt slWqfv
zdLj rjlfv sn mdrtf, pfsj sn uDdhkfhfq zdnqk jsv
sosY. zk}iv kfv mfkfmrD W dikfmrD, zk}iv nhGfsi[f
dbjekm zfkDqf mdrtf. zfv nfmD-D j zivsj sofnt dlsk
ifsv.
iissKKvvnnt
t






92








5. ufbfpfv bfmfp iVfv idk }-
kjhDv dlsq bfmfpD nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvsh. v ns pdl sYfe
nCvf zKhf lc'de zfqfk ifE jsv skf m. spsrkc ns
rflDn hdBGk zfsY. zk}iv kjhDv dlsq bhD -v iv lvl
ifE jvsh.
viv kjhDv dlsq htsh,

( . )
.




.

zffmfoXdIvX dtrfdqbf z mfdqdkbf z wf-drdlbf zof-
dhbf z nfoD-dvbf z jfhD-dvbf z pfjfdvbf z bNf-bf. (fjf
kf'tfmc mcbjftfhfbf z mfNXWqf-bf, z zff zftf jcd wfdqb
jflDv).(3) zffmf mfb zfrqAfkf dmf IfzfrdqrD zftft
ntf-m. zmfb kfWqfIXIfkf dmf IfkfWqfIXIf zftft mfb.
zffmfoXdIv tf zvrfmX z zf-dIrD z'Ic zfb z
zfjdvm bcpctf z WqfnXdn' mflXJftf zoXdnt dht mf-
znXnftdu zt hfvfl. zbfjdjrD dmbft Jfkf-qf jfmf
bfjXjfkfnX nfhft zfhXqAfpf dmbflX lfbfn. z zfhdlt lf-vfb
(3) hbDv mfsU wdt rflDsn sb.
iissKKvvnnt
t






93








Jfvfm dmb lf-dvr, z zfrtfb Jfvfm dmb zfrdtr. z
zflXdJtt uffkf z zfpX dmb zfpf-dht jfhdv z zfpf-dhb
bf-v. zIXnfr tf ID jfhdvrD z bfdhv tf ID-r.
zKG, sr zffr! kcdm zfmfslv uDdhk, mxk, idk, zbcidk,
sYfe, hV, icvN W bfvDsj [mf jsv lfW. (dbyq kcdm zfmfslv
iakAfhkGbt W hfnfb ufb hQ kcdm nhGhv iv
nhGwdmfb.) sr zffr! kcdm zfmfslv msLA pfsj uDdhk vfJsh,
kfsj ntfsmv iv uDdhk vfJ hQ pfsj mxkAc slsh kfsj
mfsbv iv mxkAc lfW.
zffr sof! kcdm Wsj mfI j'sv lfW, Wv iadk lqf jv, Wsj
dbvfif lfW, Wsj mfuGbf j'sv lfW, Wv smsrmfbDsj nmfbubj
jv, Wv iashwtsj iaw jv, Wsj ifdb, hvI W jvjf fvf sLZk
jsv lfW. Wsj sofbfrnmCr sKsj mb idh jv spmb kcdm nflf
jfiVsj mqtf sKsj idvjfv jsvY. Wv Osvv idvhskG m Ov
hQ Wv idvhfsvv idvhskG m idvhfv lfb jv. Wsj uffk
iashw jvfW hQ slfpJ W jhsvv zfpfh sKsj zfwaq lfW. Wv
jhvsj iaw jv hQ Wv ubA kf zfstfdjk jsv lfW.
zk}iv kjhDv dlsq Ffb dlsj jhfv nftfm dIvsh.
iaskAj kjhDsvv nfsK rfk kctsh. mxk mdrtf rst
`zffmfoXdIv tfrf--' (zKGf{ `'v st `rf') htsh. mxk
sYfe dwwc rst mfodIvfskv lczfv idvhskG dbsbv lczf iEbDq;




.


zffmfuzft Ifvfkf] z pcJvft dt Wqf-dtlfdr z
iissKKvvnnt
t






94








wfIDzfm mcuf-hf. zffmf nfjdjt dhrD mfWqf-pDbfmf z
zf'dpm dhrD uCvfmf z zftdrj dhnf-dtdrt mc'dmbDb.
zuXzft ID jfIf-tfdk hvf-rDm, zdjrD dhvfrmfdkjf zfpf-
hft ufrDm.
zKG, sr zffr! kcdm Wsj Wv dikf-mfkfv ubA zoahkGD,
nWqfshv ic hQ oarBspfoA ncifdvwjfvD hfbfW. zffr sof!
kcdm Wv fvf Wv mf-hfsiv sbjDv iff HfvD jsvf, Wslv
nWqfhsj hxr{ jv, Wsj sbj mcdmbslv lst dmdtk jv,
hvfrDsmv umfbsk vfJ hQ skfmfv vrmsk ufrffsmv wfd
sKsj h]fyfW.
zffr k]fv lfn W vnCt mcrfmfl, k]fv hQwLv W nryvhxslv
iv vrmk W wfd hNGB jvb.

mmk
xk
x hhAAddvv z
zffk
kDDqqssllvvssj
j yyc c bb
iaw }- kf'dpqfv (sj mfvf sost kfv zfkDq-nubsj slJf
jvfv) nmq mxk hAdv zfkDqslvsj ycb slWqf ShL dj ?
v }- kf'dpqfv nmq mxk hAdv zfkDq-ubsj ycb
slWqfv hAfifsv sjfb ncfr (rflDn) ufdb bf. kf mcndtsmv ubA
dyk bq, efsj ncfr hst LfvB jvf. spsrkc sp jmG zffrv
bhD  hQ k]fv nfrfhf sKsjW sdJk rqdb, sn jmG sKsj
lCsv Kfjf njt mcndtsmv jkGhA.
(IfkfWqfk kf'dpqfr, wfqJ mcrfmfl dhb NfmDb,43 ix })
iissKKvvnnt
t






95

j
jhhssvvvv i
ivv yyt
tff
iaw }- jhsvv iv ytf ShL dj ?
v }- jhsvv iv ytf ShL bq. spsrkc kfsk mxkhAdv
zimfb rq. bhD  jhvsj ycbjfm jvsk, kfv iv mfvk
hfbfsk hQ kfv iv dtJsk dbsNL jsvsYb. jhsvv iv hnf
ians hstsYb, skfmfslv jfsvf zffsvv iv hnf W jfiV
icsV yfmVf icsV pfWqfef jhsvv iv hnfv sysq m. (nrDt
ufsm'5042bQ)
(IfkfWqfk kf'dpqfr, mcrfmfl dhb NfmDb,27ix})

k
kff''ddppqqffvv u
ubbAA nnI
Ivv j
jvvff
iaw }- kf'dpqfv ubA nIv jvf ShL dj? spmb zsbsj dbsuv
hfnfb sKsj kf'dpqfv (lCvhkGD) fsb nIv jsv pfq?
v }- kf'dpqfv ubA nIv jvf ShL msb jdv bf. ksh rA]f,
pdl hAd dbjefkDq jf zfib sj rq hQ kf'dpqfv
ubA nIv bf jvf fdk-hb dY jvfq oBA rq, kfrst
zhfq rqskf hth sp, sn kf'dpqfv ubA nIv jvsh. pfsk
nIv kAfo jvf fdk-hb dY jvfsk bf si]ZsY slq. (IfkfWqfk
kf'dpqfr, wfqJ mcrfmfl dhb NfmDb 8/ix })

k
kff''ddppqqffvv ffbb W
W nnmmqq
iaw }- kf'dpqf dj dbLGfdvk fb W nmsq nDmfh ?
v }- kf'dpqfv sjfb fb fvf dbdlG bq. hvQ spJfsb
dhiloasj slJsk ifsh, mndusl, isK hf sp sjfb fsb kfv
iissKKvvnnt
t






96








kf'dpqf (nf[f{ jsv dhisl nfbf lfb W nmshlbf iajfw)
jvsh. zbcvi kf'dpqf sjfb nmsqv msLAW nDmfh bq. hvQ
pk[B hf jft ipG kfv zsv mcnDhskv iaHfh zhdw Kfsj,
kk[B hf jft ipG kfv kf'dpqf jvf rsh. dj kf'dpqfv
idksk bq, pf djYc stfj zHAfn hfdbsq dbsqsY; pfvf jde
ufqofq hsn, nm lvuf Jcst vfsJ, (zdkdv) tfe W hfdk
ufdtsq Kfsj, nfdv nfdv syqfv nfdusq vfsJ kAfdl. spsrkc nh
djYc dhlzfskv msLA oBA, pf mcndtsmv jvf dyk bq. jfvB
nh ntsI nfstrDbslv pcso idvdyk dYt bf. hvQ ufvDv dhb
zfcfr zft hfuftD  hstb, lfIsbv iv mxkhAdv
idvhfsvv dbje nmshk rWqf hQ Jfbf iack jvfsj zfmvf
(dbdN) mfkm-ufdvv msLA oBA jvkfm.
(IfkfWqfk kf'dpqfr,wfqJ mcrfmfl dhb NfmDb 6/ix })

i
i--i
idd
jjffvv mmffLLAAssmm k
kff''ddppqqff j
jvvff
iaw }- i-idjfv mfLAsm kf'dpqf jvf ShL dj ? pfsk jJsbf
jJsbf djYc zfqfkW dtsJ Kfsj. spmb, zffr kfzf'tfv hfBD,
. 1   1 AI  LM  V`]I
.    EI      1 &, >U*
A' /   ,A1 &567K
    1  *
sr iawf dy! kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje n W
nsfNHfub rsq dIsv n---.
v }- vi jvf sn `mxkcA-nQhfl sOfNBf' jvfv msLA oBA,
pf sKsj bhD  dbsNL jsvsYb. spsrkc sk swA rq kfv
mxkcAnQhfl iadn W iayfv jvf. zfv ef sn `mxkcA-nQhfl
sOfNBf'v msLA idvodBk, pf sKsj bhD  dbsNL jsvsYb.
(IfkfWqfk kf'dpqAfr, mcrfml dhb NfmDb,6 ix})
iissKKvvnnt
t






97

nnl
cl
c DD hhAAffssj
jzzQQw
woor
ar
a BB W
W yyffj
jvcv
c DD j
jvvff
mrfmfbA wfqJ mcrfml dhb nf-str zft NfmDb,
rfdIpffr!
zfnnftfmc zftfjcm zvfrmfkcf-dr zhfvfjf-kcr.
zk}iv, mrfmfsbAv dbje dbsbf iabfhtDv v jfmbf
jdv ;
iaw }- hkGmfsb dvqfp hAfsj zQw dbsk bfm kfdtjfHc
jvfv ubA iayfv mfLAmstfsk iayfv jvf rsY. kfrst Wsk
zQwoarB ShL dj? hAfifsv tfmf W JkDhslv HCdmjf dj?
dvqfp hf zbAfbA hAfsj pfsk nClD jfvhfv zfsY, kfsk yfjcvD
jvfv hAfifsv mrfmfsbAv zdHmk dj?
v }-z zftfjcmnc nftf-mc zvfrmfkcf-dr zhfvfjf-kcr.
jKf dhdlk sp, mCtk} hAfjnmCr nCslv iv iadkdk. zKGf{
spmb, zfidb j rfufv umf slshb hQ kctshb j rfufv lc
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zfidb nClsJfv W nCllfkf Hq rshb. pdlW nm hAfsj
nCldhrDb zbAfbA jfvhfvW rsq Kfsj khcW (sk stbslb jvf ShL
bq); spsrkc v iadkf nCslv iv. ef nhGub dhdlk.
nckvfQ jKfv iv dHd j'sv nm hAfsj zQw oarB
jvf ShL bq. spsrkc zffr kfzftf hstb,
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98

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wqkfb iwG lfvf ifot jsv dlsqsY. kf ubA sp kfvf hst,
`q-dhq skf nCslv mk.' zKy zffr q-dhqsj ShL W
nClsj zShL jsvsYb. pfv jfsY kfv iadkiftsjv islw snsY
kfviv sn dhvk rsqsY, ksh zkDsk pf rsqsY kf kfv hQ
kfv hAfifv zffrv zdLjfvHc. zfv pfvf icbvfq (nCl) dbsk
zfv jvsh kfvf slfpJhfnD, snJfsb kfvf dyvjft Kfjsh.
zffr nClsj dbdyr jsvb hQ lfbsj hxd jsvb. zffr
iaskAj jxkO ifiDsj Hfthfsnb bf. (hfjfvfr } 275-276 zfqfk)
nckvfQ zfqfsk i hA rsqsY sp, nCl rfvfm. sn
zffr kf rfvfm jsvsYb, p]fv ubA njt vfuk, jj k]fv
nfhGsHZm wfnb jkxGk. njt dhyfv-mDmfQnfv vuc k]fv
zbcwfnsbv iadk. i[fsv zffr kfzftf zfqfskv ivhkDG
zfqfsk hBGbf jsvb sp, nCl oarB jvf, zffr W k]fv vnCstv
dhvs pc sOfNBf jvfv nmfb. dkdb hstb,
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hsjqf zfsY kf huGb jv; pdl skfmvf mc'dmb rW. zfv pdl
skfmvf (huGb) bf jv, kfrst susb vfJ sp, zffr W k]fv
vnCstv dhvs pc (jvfv wfdmt). dj pdl skfmvf kWhf jv,
ksh skfmfslv mCtLb skfmfslv. skfmvf zkAfyfvD rsh bf hQ
iissKKvvnnt
t






99








zkAfyfdvkW rsh bf. (nCvf hfjfvfr 278-279 zfqfk)
nrDr mcndtsm ufshv dhb zfcfr rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb,
`zffrv vnCt  nClsJfv, nCllfkf, nCslv stJj W nCslv
nf[Dslvsj zdHw jsvsYb hQ hstsYb, Wvf njst nmfb.'
tfbk (zdHwfi) jvf zffrv vrmk sKsj lCv W dhkfVB
jvfsj hst. tfmfoB v vi hAfJAf jsvsYb.
isvf lc zfqfk W rflDn iHfsh dbslGw jsv sp, nCl JfWqf
jfhDvf sofbfrv ipGfqHc. rflDsn dbslGw vsqsY sp, nCslv (Jfkf-i,
stb-slb W drnfh-hfjD kAfdl) dtsJW nCl oarsBv iv nfd[
kAfdl dlsq nClD jfvhfsv nfrfpA W nrfqkfjfvDW zffrv tf'bsk
wfdmt hQ sk sn nClsJfv W nCllfkfv nmfb. Jfb rsk nfd[ hf
dtJf fvf---spJfsb kfv fvf nCl nfhA W iamfB jsv -- mb s[s
yfjcvD hf jmG jvfv ShLkf-zShLkf i rsq pfq.
dhNsq hQ zfsvf zbAfbA njt dhNsq---pf mcndtmslv dbje
zi Kfsj zKhf pf hBGbf jvf hQ pf rsk nfhLfb W nkjG jvfv
iasqfub isV, kfsk tfmf W hfslv HCdmjf dhvfe Wqfsuh HCdmjf
hQ j mrfb lfdqk. spsrkc zffr k]fslvsj tXm lfb jsvsYb,
pfsk k]fvf mfbcsNv ubA dhhxk jsvb.
zffrv dbje iafKGbf jdv, spb dkdb zfmfslvsj hQ zfmfslv
njt fkxhoGsj pfsk r-ivjfst mfbcsNv jtAfB zfsY kfsk
nfrfpA jvb.
dtsJsYb }-mcrfml dhb nf-str zft-NfmDb. 9/7/1412 dr }
iissKKvvnnt
t






100

nnl
Cl
C DD hhAAffssj
j yyffj
jvcv
c DD
iaw }- nClD hAfsj yfjcvD jvf hQ v nfsK zflfb-ialfb jvf
ShL dj?
v }- sk yfjcvD jvf rfvfm. spsrkc sk yfjcvD jvfv
zKG rt-nCslv iv nrfqkf jvf. zkh pdl nClD jfvhfsvv
iv nrfqkf rq, kfrst sn (yfjcsv) nrfqj drnfsh zdHwfsi
wfdmt rsh. bhD  rsk wcHfsh hdBGk sp, dkdb nClsJfv,
nCllfkf, kfv nfd[lfkf W kfv stJjsj zdHnifk jsvsYb
hQ hstsYb, Wvf nhf nmfb.
i[fsv jfu pdl nClD jfvhfsvv iv nrfqj bf rq,
kfrstW jfvhfsv kfv nmdk W smZb nmKGb iajfw ifq.
kf nClD hAfsj yfjcvD sbWqf ShL bq.
zhwA iasqfusb hAfsj efjf umf vfJfq [dk sb---pdl
nm hAfj YfVf efjf umf vfJfv ubA zfmvf zbA sjfb dH
dbvfil fb bf if. ksh wskG sp, kf sKsj spb sj nCl
oarB bf jsv. spsrkc nCl oarB zhwA rfvfm. (zfntfkcm
mcdrmfr, wfqJ mcrfml dhb zft NfmDb, 29ix})

hhAAffqqffmm--yyyyfG fG
iaw }- rfI iAfeX isv hAfqfm-yyGf jvf hf sJtf ShL dj ? mb
yyGfjfvDsj lwGb jvf hf jD ?
v }- hAfqfm-yyGf jvf ShL; pdl kf sjfb Wqfsuh dudbn hf
jmG sKsj lfnDb W iah x jsv bf sIst. jfvB kf pdl sjfb
iissKKvvnnt
t






101








Wqfsuh jmG sKsj iah x jsv kfrst rfvfm rsh. zfhfv pdl
hAfqfm jvf jfsvf dyvfydvk zHAfn rq pfsk kfv zdLjfQw nmq
kfsk hAq rq, kfrst kf nmq bjfvD zHAfn. pfv nhGdbb
mfb rsh mjvr (OxdBk zfyvB).
i[fsv pdl hAfqfm yyGfjfvDv slsr sjht rfI iAfeX Kfsj,
pfsk kfv ufQ zKhf ufsv shwDv Hfo zQw slJf pfq kfrst kf
zShL. spsrkc wc zdHmk sp, pchsjv ubA kfv v zfhxk
jvf Wqfsuh. kf pdl sJstfqfVvf v sJftf vfJf zhfq
Kfsj kfrst kfslvsj (W kfslv sJtf) lwGb jvf ShL bq. (4)
(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr, wfqJ mcrfml dhb NfmDb, 28ix })

nnmmddt
tDD hhAAddH
Hyyffvv
iaw }- Dsb nmSmKcb ians dhLfb dj? jfsuv Ist zffrv
zfvw sj]si WsE -- jKf dj nkA? mrfmfsbAv dbje dhNsq
mb v jfmbf jdv, pf idviCGB ltDt fvf hdt. zfv kf
zfmfv ubA W zsbAv ubAW ( jcjmG rsk) dhvkjfvD rq.
zffr zfibfsj sbj hltf dlb.
v }- nmSmKcb; icvN-nm hf icvsN-icvsN ifqcisK jcjmG
jvfsj hst. zfv v zbcvi Dv mtfsv nm jvfW. ef
sn jcjmG, pf tCk
-v nialfq jsvdYt. spmb zffr
kfzftf hstb,
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bfvD rq, kfrst kfv zShLkfv ofPkf jk kf zbcsmq! (zbchflj)
iissKKvvnnt
t






102








zKGf{, mfbcsNv msLA skfmvf skf sjht icvNslv nfsK iok
rW. (nCvf wczfvf165 zfqfk)
dkdb zfsvf hstb,
  )' >
     0 a9
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zKGf{, skfmvf skf jfm-kxdv ubA bfvD kAfo jsv icvNslv
dbje omb jv! (nCvf zf'vfI 81 zfqfk)
zffr kfslvsj jcjfsuv wfd vi kfslv Ov-hfdV se
dlsqdYstb hQ zfjfw sKsj kfslv iv hNGB jsvdYstb ifKv.
dkdb hstb,
t  /  )'
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zKGf{, (zk}iv pJb zfmfv zfslw t) kJb zfdm (kfslv
bovstfv) LGHfosj dbbHfso idvBk jsvdYtfm hQ zfdm
kfslv iv mfok jv hNGB jsvdYtfm. (nCvf druXv 74 zfqfk)
nckvfQ nialfsqv mk jcjsmG sp dt rsh snW ipcG
wfdv ipc. kf mb lcvfyfv ians djYc nfrfhf v
Iskfqf rt, kfsj ufdtsq mfvf rsh. sj sj hstb, ]yc ufqof
rsk Lff dlsq dbsy sIst kfsj ifKv Y]csV smsv sItf rsh.
dhNsq jfdLj rflDnW bhD  rsk hdBGk rsqsY; j rflDsn
dkdb hstsYb, pfsj tCk nialfsqv mk jcjsmG dt ifsh, kfsj
hQ pfv nfsK jfu jvf rsY, kfsjW skfmvf rkAf jsv sIt.
zfmvf ifEjsj mfm hbct jfsqsmv oa `zft ufWqfhct
jf-ID' ifE jvsk zbcsvfL jvdY. jfvB stJj oas
jcjsmGv jlpGkfv iamfsB h ltDtfdl nQjtb jsvsYb. zfv
zffr zdLj ufsbb.
(IfkfWqf ntfdmqAfr,wfqJ zfcfr dhb duhvDb 3/373 ix})
iissKKvvnnt
t






103

r
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cb
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jDD??
iaw }- zHAfn hAhrfv jvf ShL dj ?
v }- zHAfn (rfk hf zbA djYcv mfLAsm hDpGifk hf
rSmKcb) jvf djkfh, ncfr W nc dhshsjv dbslGw msk rfvfm.
djkfh hf jcvzfsbv ltDt; zffr kfzftf hstb,
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zKGf{, pfvf dbsuslv spZbfsj nQpk vfsJ. ksh dbsuslv ikD
zKhf zdLjfvHc lfnDslv s[s zbAKf jvst kfvf dblbDq
rsh bf. zfv pfvf slv YfVf zbAsj jfmbf jsv kfvf
nDmftQObjfvD.(nCvf mc'dmbCb 5-7)
nckvfQ sp hAd kfv D W zdLjfvHc lfnD(5) YfVf zbA djYc
fvf jfmtftnf ydvkfKG jvsk yfq, sn hAd slv YfVf zbAsj
jfmbf jsv. htf hftA, zfqfskv idvsiad[sk sn
nDmftQObjfvD hst dhshdyk rsh.
ncfr sKsj ltDt, zffrv bhD  hstb, sr pchsjv lt!
skfmfslv msLA sp sj D-nm W dhhfr-Jvsy nmKG, sn spb
dhhfr jsv. jfvB kf zdLj lxd-nQpkjfvD hQ zdLj spZbf-
v[fjfvD. zfv sp hAd sk znmKG, sn spb svfpf zhtb jsv,
spsrkc kf v ubA (JfnD jvfv mk) jfmlmbjfvDv nmfb.
(hcJfvD, mcndtm)

(5) zdLjfvHc lfnD hst DklfnD W jfsIv pchdlbDsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. Jfsb jfsuv
smsq, lfnD, Jfslmf hf yfjvfbD swA bq.
iissKKvvnnt
t






104








nckvfQ bhD  dhhfsr znmKG hAdsj svfpf vfJsk zfslw
jvstb, zKy pdl rSmKcb ShL rk, ksh dbyq dkdb kf jvsk
dbslGw dlskb. zkh kf nru rWqf nsW pJb dkdb kf jvsk
dbslGw dlstb bf, kJb ufbf sot sp kf ShL bq.
zfv ncdydk mk sp, spsrkc jfsu hmcJD [dk W
zdbsv zfwf vsqsY, pf dydj{nfdhlXoB sJ jsv Kfsjb; sk
mb [dk vsqsY pf fsAv is[ hV dhibj; jfu
spZbwdsj lchGt j'sv sIst, dyfwd W lCvldwGkfv [dk nfLb
jsv hQ jJsbf hf v zHAfnD hAdsj iajk x lfikAncJ sKsj
hdk jsv. jfvB sp sj Lvsbv zHAfsn dbu jfm-tftnfsj
ydvkfKG j'sv Kfsj, sn rqskf hf dhhfsrv iadk s[i jvsh bf.
(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr,wfqJ mcrfml dhb NfmDb 9 ix})

YYddhh ssk
kfft
tff
wfqJ zfct zfpDp dhb zfcfr dhb hfp
iaw }- Ydh skftfv hAfifsv zfibfv hhA jD? pfsk dhid
hV hAfij zfjfsv slJf dlsqsY hQ stfj kfsk zfdt rsq
isVsY.
v }- nm iawQnf zffrv ubA. jvBf W wfd hdNGk srfj
k]fv iv, p]fv iv zfv sjfb bhD sb. zk}iv dnrfr, mfnfbDl W
ncbfb oanmCsr bhD  rsk h nQJAj rflDn hdBGk rsqsY, pf mfbcN
zKhf sjfb iafBDv Ydh kctsk (W zf]jsk) rfvfm hst dbslGw jsv,
Ydhpc ilGf dY]sV sItsk c jsv, Ydh mcsY sItsk zfslw jsv,
Ydh pfvf skfst hf zf]sj kfslvsj zdHwfi jsv hQ dhhxdk slq sp,
kfvf djqfmskv dlb zdLj zfpfh sHfo jvsh.
iissKKvvnnt
t






105








zfdm zfibfv ubA dhNsq hdBGk djYc nrDr rflDn hQ tfmfslv
djYc hhA sJ jvh. zfv mfnzftfq pf ndEj mk, kf hA
jvh bwfzffr.
nrDrfqb (hcJfvD W mcndtm) zfhc vfvf  jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb
hstb, zffrv vnCt  hstsYb, zffr kfzftf hstb, kfv sysq
zdLj nDmftQObjfvD zfv sj, sp zfmfv nxdv zbcvi djYc nxd
jvsk pfq? zkh kfvf jdemf wnAlfbf nxd jvj zKhf jde
mf ph nxd jvj skf.
lc oas zfhc nfl  iamcJf{ hdBGk, dkdb hstb,
zffrv vnCt  hstsYb, djqfmskv dlb nhsysq jdEbkm
zfpfh sHfojfvD stfj rsh Ydh iak jfvDvf.
oas hsb mfv  jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zffrv vnCt
 hstsYb, dbyq pfvf Ydh (hf mCdkGnmCr) dbmGfB jsv,
kfslvsj djqfmskv dlb zfpfh slWqf rsh; htf rsh, `skfmvf pf nxd
jsvY, kf uDdhk jv.
mfm hcJfvD k]fv nrDr oas zfhc ucrfIf  sKsj hdBGk
jsvsYb sp, bhD  v W jcjsc vv mCtA hQ shwAfv ifuGb oarB
jvf sKsj dbsNL jsvsYb. zfv nclsJfv, ncllfkf, syrfvf (bjwf
jvfv ubA) lfso hf lfofq mb bfvD hQ mCdkG (hf Ydh) dbmGfkfsj
zdHnifk jsvsYb.
hsb zffn  jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm vnCt -sj
htsk wcsbdY sp, sp hAd lcdbqfq sjfb Ydh hf mCdkG dbmGfB jvsh,
(djqfmsk) kfsj Wv msLA vr I]j c sk (iafB dlsk) zfslw jvf rsh.
zKy sn I]cjsk ifvsh bf. (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
mfm mcndtm nfl dhb zfhct rfnfb sKsj hBGbf jsvsYb, dkdb
hstb, j hAd hsb zffsnv dbje sn htt, zfdm Ydh (hf
iissKKvvnnt
t






106








mCdkG) dbmGfB jdv. zkh dhNsq zfmfsj Iskfqf dlb. dkdb
htstb, zfmfv jfsY n. stfjde k]fv jfsY sot. zk}iv dkdb
htstb, zfsvf jfsY n. stfjde zfsvf jfsY sot. zk}iv kfv
mfKfq rfk svsJ dkdb htstb, zfdm zffrv vnCt -v dbje
sKsj pf wcsbdY kf skfmfsj ufbfh; zfdm zffrv vnCt -sj
htsk wcsbdY sp, iaskAj mCdkG hf Ydh dbmGfkf slfpsJ pfsh. sn sp
nh mCdkG hf Ydh hfdbsqsY kfv iaskAjdev idvhskG mb uDh SkvD
jvf rsh, pf kfsj ufrffsm zfpfh dlsk Kfjsh. hsb zffn
hstb, zfv pdl kcdm jf jvsk yfW, ksh ofY W vrdhrDb
hv Ydh hfbfW.
mfm mcndtsmv mk mfm hcJfvD hsb zffsnv d (pdl kcdm
jf jvsk yfW---)sj v iCshGfsdJk rflDsnv swNfQsw hBGbf
jsvsYb.
(jmct ntf-dm dIk kfnhDv, wfqJ zfct zfpDp dhb hfp W zbAfbA tfmf,37-
38 ix})

sedtdHwb
iaw }- sedtdHwb hAhrfv ShL dj?
v }- de,dH j dhibj p, pfv zijfdvkf dnsbmfv
mk zKhf kfv sysqW zdLj. v iv dtdJk idjf-icdjfv
mfLAsm hQ zfvh W zbAfbA slswv zdHslv dbje sKsj mb
nh jKf ufbsk sisvdY, pf zfjDlf (dhhfn) ydv hQ nmfsuv
idvshswv iv v mfvfkj dhid hQ zdkwq zijfdvkfv
iadk dbslGw jsv. spsrkc v mfLAsm sbfQvf ydvsv zdHbq rq,
dIkbf (spZb subf) nxdjfvD lxwA hQ boiafq zwDt Ydh
ialdwGk rq. nhGbfwD hxkf W jcIvD jKb iayfdvk rq.
iissKKvvnnt
t






107








jfsIvslv zfyvB W idvYslv nflxwAfhtb jvsk, Wslv
mfbAhv W sbkfslv nmfb jvsk, mcndtmslv nlfyvB W
idvYlsj OxBf jvsk, mcndtmslv tfmf nialfq hQ ntfsmv
hDv-hfrflcvslvsj zwaf jvsk c jvf rq. k]fslv ydvsv
hDkwa zdHbq jvf rq, pfsk k]fslvsj OxBA hcUf rq hQ kfslv
ydvkflwG sKsj njst ShmcJ rsq pfq. iakfvBf, Ytbf, jce-
sjZwt, dYf, tcekvfu, ycdv-Ffjfdk hQ mfbcsNv dhvs
NVp, jcyf W zkAfyfsvv uft shfbfv dhdH iK W idk
ialdwGk rq. zfv sk sjfb nslr sb sp, sp p k idvmfsBv
zijfvD, pfv mfsU k djYc dhO-dhid dhbA, sn psj iadkrk
jvf, kf sKsj nfhLfb W lCsv Kfjf hQ kfv iadk isKv njt
lvuf h jvf Wqfsuh. kf kfsk pdl n{jfsu zfslw W
mljfsu hfLf lfbjfvD sYfsnhjvf hfLf lfb jsv Kfsjb hQ
p sKsj ]dwqfv jsv Kfsjb, ksh kfslv iadk sjfb H{Gnbf
sb. spsrkc kf zffr W k]fv hflfslv ubA drkfjfQJf W
ivdrSkNBf.
i[fsv sp LfvBf jsv sp, kfhLfb jvst p nm
zdb sKsj mc rsk ifvsh hQ sjhtmf nfhGubDb jtAfB
iayfv jvsh --kfv LfvBf pKfpK bq; hvQ kfv mrfHct. spsrkc
kfhLfqj lfnDb rsk ifsv. zfv spsrkc mfbcsNv zdLjfQw
zfyvB hdrslGswv zbcjvB jvf hQ kfvf pf jsv kfsk kfslv
zbcnvB jvf. kfYfVf mb kfhLfqj Jch jm zfsY, sp
lfdqkwDtkfv nfsK dbsuv jkGhA iftb jsv Kfsj. dhswN jsv
hkGmfb pcso pfsk zdLjfQw mfbcN DVf-sjZkcj W hfdkstv
dlsj U]csj isVsY, zfv sp h drlfqfskv isK hfLf nvi kfv
iissKKvvnnt
t






108








iadk zfjx rsq sosY; hfh kfv nfd[ hrb jsv. spmb sjfb
sjfb slswv svdFW, de,dHW v nkAkf iamfB jsv; pfv Hsqv
ubA zdb dbhfvBjfvD psK kfhLfb jvf rqdb.
zffrv dbje iafKGbf jdv, dkdb spb zfmfslv slwsj sn jsmGv
kWIDj lfb jsvb, pfsk mfrv r-ivjfst jtAfB W idvfB
dbdrk zfsY. kfv ubA zv nrfqjsj nQswfLb jsvb hQ k]fsj
iayfv mfLAmdtv pKfKG kfhLfb jvsk nfrfpA jsvb; pfsk kfv
mfLAsm mfbcsNv Db W lcdbqfq pf drkjv W ijfvD sjht kf
iayfdvk rq. dbyq dkdb lfbwDt, mrfbcHh. zfv zffr zfmfslv
bhD mcrfmfslv iv lvl W nftfm hNGB jvb .
(mfumczfkc IfkfWqf,wfqJ zfct zfpDp dhb hfp 3/227)

dmduj wh
a B W de,dH-dndvu lwb
G
iaw }- ofb-hfubf swfbf ShL dj? sn nm de,dH-dndvu slJf
ShL dj? pfsk zLGbof bfvDslr ialdwGk rq ?
v }- ofb-hfubf swfbf rfvfm. zfv kf rfvfm rWqfv
hAfifsv stwmf nslr sb. ntsI nfstrDb; nfrfhf W kfshb
jkxGj hdBGk rsqsY sp, ofb zsv mcbfdIjD (jiekf) lXok
jsv. iv ofb swfbf -- znfv hfjA swfbf hQ kfv iadk zfjx
rWqfv ipGfqHc. zfv zffr kfzftf hstb,
   1  1 3C
P+QU* t   #=
    % X!"
    )C 1    *<b
  Xc,
   y R}[*
        1 )'

 &, )'
  i1  
J>'w   0 2+C
w   y     ,P
   E5, . 
zKGf{, mfbcsNv msLA sj sj mbW vsqsY pfvf zkfq
stfjslvsj zffrv iK rsk dhycAk jvfv ubA znfv hfjA shsY
iissKKvvnnt
t






109








sbq hQ zffrv ialdwGk iK dbsq Eff-dhlai jsv. Wslv ubA
vsqsY zhmfbbfjv wfd. (nCvf tcjmfb 6 zfqfk)
hsb mfnl  zfqfskv hAfJAfq hstb, `sn zffrv
jnm dpdb YfVf sj nkA ifnA sb! dbyq kf (znfv hfjA)
rsY ofb.' nfrfhfosBv hAfJAf (kInDv) j iajfv ltDt.
kInDsvv kxkDq ipGfsq v mfb vsqsY. spsrkc kInDsvv dkbde
ipGfq; jcvzfsbv kInDv jcvzfb fvf, jcvzfsbv kInDv ncfr
fvf hQ jcvzfsbv kInDv nfrfhfosBv d fvf. mbdj djYc
tfmfv dnf sp, nfrfhDv kInDv vnCt -v kInDsvv
ipGfqHc. dj wc zdHmk sp, kf vnCt -v kInDsvv
ipGfqHc bq. zhwA kf dhdH dnmCsrv msLA ndEjkfv
zdLjkv dbjehkDG.
i[fsv ofb-hfubf wahB jvfv zKG rt, sn jsmG zfidkk
rWqf, pf sKsj bhD  nfhLfb jsvsYb. dkdb hstb, dbyq
zfmfv mskv msLA mb jkj nialfq rsh pfvf hAdHyfv,
svwm h, mlA hQ hflA-psj rftft msb jvsh. (hcJfvD iaHdx k)
zKGf{, kfvf bfvD-icvsNv zShL spZb-nijG, mlifb hQ
svwsmv jfiV ivfsj rftft W ShL msb jvsh zKy kfvf icvN,
kfslv ubA svwm h idvLfb ShL bq. zbcvi dmduj hf hfubf
swfbfsjW ShL Hfhsh. zfv hflA-p, pfv ws mb lfn rq,
mb znfv psj hst. rflDndesj mfm hcJfvD zfhc mfstj zft
zfwzfvD zKhf zfhc zfsmv zft zfwzfvD sKsj hBGbf jsvsYb.
nckvfQ jKfv iv dHd j'sv zfdm zfmfv mcndtm
fkxhsx lv iadk ofb-hflA wahB jvf sKsj nfhLfb rWqfv ubA
islwhfBD siavB jvdY. kfvf spb mb zfstmslv jKfq sL]fjf
iissKKvvnnt
t






110








bf Jfq, p]fvf hflA-psj ShL hst mk iajfw jsvsYb. spsrkc v
zShLkfv nis[ nm ltDt hA W nci.
zfv de,dH-dndvu pfsk mdrtf ialdwGk rq kf slJfW rfvfm.
spsrkc kf dIkbf (dhO) hQ (zShL) bfvDv iadk zfjx rWqfv
dlsj Lfdhk jsv. iv nm dndvsuv zdLjfQw [dkjfvj.
pdlW kfsk icvN bfvDsj hQ bfvD icvNsj lwGb bf jsv. spsrkc
nshv iyfsk nfLfvBk} swA Kfsj nmfusj kfv zfyvB W
ydvs [dkoa jvf. zffrv dbje iafKGbf jdv sp, dkdb spb
mcntmfbslvsj v zdb sKsj h]fyfb. zfv zffr zdLj
ufsbb.(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr,wfqJ mcrfml dhb NfmDb,22 ix})

mdrtfv mfsje
G jvf
iaw }- sjfb mfrvfm YfVf mdrtfv hfufsv shv rWqf ShL dj
bf? kf jJb ShL hQ jJb zShL?
v }- mCtk} mdrtfv hfufsv shv rWqf ShL. zfv kfv ubA
mfrvfm KfjfW sjfb wkG bq. r]Af, ksh pdl dIkbfv (LNGB, deibD
iaHdx kv) Hq Kfsj, kfrst mdrtfv iv Wqfsuh sp, sjfb mb
mfrvfm hAkDk Ov sKsj shv bf rWqf, sp kfsj dIkbf sKsj h]fyfsh
W v[f jvsh. zhwA mfsjGse shv rWqf ShLkfv ubA mdrtfv iv
wkG sp, sn shilGfq W ncod hAhrfv j'sv shv rsh bf.
zbAKf sn pdl shilGfq W sne hAhrfv jsv shv rsk yfq,
kfrst kf kfv ubA ShL bq. spsrkc bhD  hstb, zffrv
hflDslvsj zffrv mndul spsk hfLf dlW bf. ksh kfvf spb
snZlpG W ncodv nfsK shv bf rq. (zfrml 2/438, zfhc lfl
565bQ, zfv zfthfbD rflDndesj nrDr hstsYb.)
iissKKvvnnt
t






111








spsrkc mdrtfslv shilGfq W nchfn hAhrfv j'sv shv rWqfsk
kfslv iv hQ kfslv kvI sKsj dIkbf nxd rsk ifsv.
nckvfQ mdrtf pdl dIkbf Oef sKsj idvshwsj dbvfil msb jsv
hQ zHD dbqsm-ilGfv nfsK W snZvHrDbf rsq shv rq, kfrst
shv rWqfsk sjfb slfN sb. spsrkc bhD -v pcso mdrtfvf
mfrvfm YfVf mfsjGse shv rk.
zfntfkcm mcdrmfr, hsb NfmDb,15 ix}

dhdLnmk ilfG
iaw }- dhdL nmk (wvqD) ilGf jD ?
v }- wvqD ilGf hst, bfvDv ubA pf iajfw jvf rfvfm kf
zfhxk jvfsj. zbA jKfq, bfvDv ubA pf jvf Wqfsuh kf
jvf dhdLnmk ilGf. nshv msLA zdLj W iaKm zfhvBspfoA z
mcJmt. spsrkc mcJmt dIkbfv t hQ zfjfQJfv fb. kf
bfvDv iv Wqfsuh, pfvf kfv mfrvfm (zomA icvN) bq, kfslv
syfsJ kfv syrfvfsj zfhxk jvf. dj pfvf mfKf, olGfb, hcj, if,
ilbftD hQ hf Tfjfsj wvqD ilGf msb jsv, zfv bfvDv ubA kfv
syrfvf W jvktqsj shv j'sv vfJfsj ShL Hfsh, kfslv zdHmk
sbrfk zfypGubj. spsrkc dhdlk sp, jfmbf W dhidv t
syrfvf. kfrst djvsi htf nh sp, wvDqk bfvDsj kfv if mc
jvsk dbsNL jsv hQ syrfvf Jcst vfJsk ShL jsv! iviv-
dhsvfdLkf sKsj idh iafiCBG pcdpc mr{ wvDqsk ef hfh
rWqf nh bq. i[fsv iaskAj mfbcN ufsb sp, if Jcst vfJfv
Ist OdekhA dIkbfv sysq syrfvf Jcst vfJfv Ist OdekhA dIkbf
h ocsB hV. iaskAj mfbcN ufsb sp, bfvDslv slsr icvNslv jfmbf
iissKKvvnnt
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112








W zfjfQJfv t mcJmt. ubA sjfb dhhfr iafhj hvsj
(sjfb bfvDv ifdBiafKGD icvNsj) pdl htf rq sp, skfmfv iafdKGk jsb
syrfvfq jcwaD, dj ilpcost hV ncwaD, kfrst sn hAd W jsbsj
dhhfr jvsk zfv zoanv rsh bf. i[fsv pdl kfsj htf rq sp, sn
syrfvfq nclvD; dj kfv rfk, jvkt, ifsqv ifkf hf vtf slJsk
nclv bq, kfrst dbyq sn kfsj dhhfr jvsk diYif rsh bf. nckvfQ
ssjW ufbf sot sp, syrfvf zdLj zfYflbspfoA z.
klbcvi zffrv djkfh, bhD -v ncfr, nfrfhfhsoGv hfBD
hQ ntfsmv mfm W tfmfosBv d sKsj h mb ltDt
vsqsY, pf bfvDv ubA kfv ofqv mfrvfm (pfslv nfsK kfv dhhfr
sjfb jfst W iajfsv ShL mb omA icvN) sKsj nfvf slr zfhxk
jsv ilGf jvf Wqfsuh rWqfv iadk dbslGw jsv. zfv jKfvW
dbslGw jsv sp, ofqv mfrvfm (omA icvN) sKsj kfv syrfvfsj
sofib jvfW mdrtfv is[ Wqfsuh. sn nm ltDtsj sJ
jvfv fb ef bq. zfv zffr zdLj ufsbb.
(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr, wfqJ mcrfml dhb NfmDb, 28 ix})

r
rffk
kkkffddt
t ssllW
Wqqff W
W ddw
wnnX X j
jffeeff
iaw }- dhdH mrdIt W nHfsk mc stfsjvf sp rfkkfdt mfsv
W dwnX jfse kf ShL dj ?
v }- dhNsq zdHmk sp, hfrAk} pf msb rq kf
zfyvB zmcndtmslv dbje rsk oxrDk. ubA kf mcndtmslv
iasqfo jvf ShL bq. rAf], pdl sjfb dhNq sjfb mcndtmsj mc W
dhdmk jsv, ksh kfv idvsiad[sk sn kjhDv zKhf knhDr
(zff zfjhfv hf nchrfbffr) iVsh. ksh r]Af,
iissKKvvnnt
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113








ufmfzfkhHfsh nmsv iVsh bf -- spmb zsbsj kf j'sv
Kfsj. hvQ iaskAsj db}ws hf jfjD ifE jvsh. spsrkc
dhmsqv nmq ufmfzfkhHfsh nmsv (bf'vfsq) kjhDv hf
knhDr ifsEv (ShLkfv iv) sjfb dHd (hf ltDt) zfmfv ufbf
sb.
(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr,wfqJ mcrfml dhb NfmDb,29 ix})

of] sev dbsy jfiV Ut

c fsbf
iaw }- dhbf zrQjfsv idvdrk h o]fsev dbsy Uctfsbf rfvfm
dj bf ?
v }- icvNslv ubA idvdrk h ifsqv o]fsev dbsy Uctfb
rfvfm, kfsk zrQjfsvv swA srfj zKhf zrQjfsvv swA
bf srfj. ksh pdl kf zrQjfv iajfswv sswA rq, kfrst kfv
wfd zdLjkv jdEb W hV. spsrkc nrDr mcndtsmv zfhc pfvG 
jkxGj hdBGk rflDsn bhD  hstb, dkb hAdv nfsK djqfmskv
dlb zffr jKf htshb bf, kfslv iadk kfjfshb bf, kfslvsj
idh jvshb bf hQ kfslv ubA pBflfqj wfd rsh. zfhc
pfvG  hstb, `kfvf jfvf ? sr zffrv vnCt! kfvf hAKG W
[dkoa srfj.' dkdb htstb, o]fsev dbsy sp jfiV Uctfq, djYc
lfb jsv `dlsqdY' hst zbcora iajfwjfvD hQ dmKAf jnm sJsq
iBAlahA dhskf. (mcndtm 106bQ W zfnrfhcn ncbfb)
rflDnde zdbdlG. dj kf hsb mfv vfdpqff zfbmfv
rflDn fvf dbdlG, pfsk bhD  hstb, sp hAd zrQjfsv kfv
jfiV (mfdesk) sY]yVfq kfv dlsj zffr kfdjsq slJshb bf.
iissKKvvnnt
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114








(hcJfvD 5784bQ, mcndtm 2085bQ) nckvfQ zfhc pfsvGv rflDsn
zdbdlG d hsb mfsvv rflDn fvf dbdlG rsh. pdl zrQjfv
nr jfiV tejfq, kfrst zffr kfv iadk slJshb bf, kfsj
idh jvshb bf hQ kfv ubA rsh jlfqj zfpfh. zfv
wfd sn wfd zsi[fW hxrv, sp wfd dbvrQjfsvv nfsK o]fsev
dbsy tcd bfdmsq Kfsj mb hAdv rsh; sp hAd ians bhD 
hstb, o]fsev dbsyv tcd ufrffsm. (hcJfvD 5787bQ W zfrml
2/410) zkh wfd pJb ixKj ixKj rt, kJb zdbdlGsj
dbdlGsv iv zfsvfi jvf znk rsh. jfvB zdbdlGsj
dbdlGsv iv zfsvfi jvfv dbqsm wkG sp, Hq ltDstv
dbslGw zdH rsh. dj pdl dbslGw dH rq, ksh jsj zisvv
nfsK dbdlG jvf pfsh bf. ubA kfqfmcsmv zfqfksj pfsk
zffr hstb, kf skfmfslv mcsJ W rfsk hctfsh. Wpcv zfqfk
fvf dbdlG jdv bf, pfsk zffr hstb, skfmfslv mcJmt W
rfk jbc ipG sLZk jvsh. (nCvf mfsqlfr 6 zfqfk) nckvfQ
kfqfmcm (mfnfr jvf) rfskv jbc ipG rsh bf. (pdlW Wpcsk
rfskv jbc ipG Lcsk rq.)
mfm mfstj iaHdx koB pf zfhc nfl JclvD  sKsj hBGbf
jsvsYb, kf jKfv iadk dbslGw jsv. pfsk bhD  hstb,
mcdmbslv tcd kfv zLG ilbftD (r]fec rsk sofVfdt ipG ifsqv
zQw hf EAfQ) ipG. zfv of]sev dbsy pf rsh kf slfpsJ rsh. zfv
sp hAd zrQjfsvv nfsK kfv idvdrk sthfn (tcd, iAfe,
ifqufmf, Lcdk, jfmDn kAfdl) mfdev iv sY]ysV dbsq shVfq
kfv iadk zffr (kfdjsqW) slJshb bf. zkh bhD  j
rflDsn lc'de lfrvB siw jsvb hQ Hsqv wfd ixKj rWqfv
iissKKvvnnt
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115








jfvsB Hsqv dbslGswv dHkfW dhhxk jsvb. nckvfQ
lcub jsmG dH, dbslGsw dH hQ wfdskW ixKj. sKsj
kfslv Hct i rq, pfvf k]fv d (of]sev dbsy pf kf slfpsJ)sj
(sp hAd zrQjfsvv nfsK kfv jfiV sY]ysV shVfq kfv iadk
zffr kfjfshb bf) d fvf dbdlG jsv.
zfhfv jkj mfbcN zfsY pfslvsj o]fsev dbsy tcd hf iAfe Uctfsk
dbsNL jvst hst, `zfdm zrQjfsvv sswA Uctfdb skf.'
dj zfmvf kfslvsj hdt sp, o]fsev dbsy jfiV Uctfsbf lc
iajfv; iaKm iajfv -- pfv wfd, mfbcNsj sjht sn fsb zfpfh
slWqf rsh, sp fsb sn (wvDqskv) zbAKfyvB W zhfLAkf jsv
hQ kf rsY o]fsev dbsyv zQw, pfv iv dbvrQjfsv jfiV
Uctfq. zkh hAdsj sjht zhfLAkfv zs wfd slWqf
rsh. zKGf{ pfsk zhfLAkf hf zbAKfyvB jvsY, sjht kfv
hltfq kfsj ufrffsm zfpfh slWqf rsh, zfv kf rsY pf o]fsev
dbsy bfsm. dj zhfLAfyfvDv wfd rsh bf sp, kfv iadk
zffr kfjfshb bf hQ kfsj idh jvshb bf. (jfvB, kfv
zrQjfv sb.) zfv dlkDq iajfv wfd; djqfmskv dlb zffr
kfv nfsK jKf htshb bf, kfv iadk kfjfshb bf, kfsj idh
jvshb bf hQ kfv ubA pbflfqj wfd rsh. zfv ef kfv
ubA rsh, sp kfv idvdrk hsj ifsqv o]fsev dbsy zrQjfsvv
nfsK mfdesk sY]ysV dbsq shVfq. vi kfsj hdt. zffr
zfmfslv bhD mcrfmfl, k]fv hQwLv W nfrfhfhsoGv iv jvBf W
wfd hNGB jvb.
(zfntfr mcdrmfr, wfqJ mcrfml dhb zft NfmDb,29 ix})
iissKKvvnnt
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116

kfn W lfhf sJtf

iaw }- kfn W lfhf sJtf ShL dj ?
v }- tfmfoB iHfsh sOfNBf jsvsYb sp, Hq iajfv
sJtf rfvfm. zffr k]fslv iadk jvBf jvb. spmb zfmfslv wfqJ
W WfloBW kf sJ jsvsYb. dnfsv jfvB sp, Hq
sJtfsk mfbcsNv msLA h lfnA hQ zffr nchrfbf kfzftfv
dpjXv W mvsB hfLf nxd rq. zfhfv jJsbf jJsbf Hq sJtf
sJstfqfVslv msLA wkf W ssNv jfvB rq. iv zsbj s[s
nh sJtfsk zsKGv hfduW vfJf rq. zfv jKf dhdlk sp,
iadkspfoDslv msLA iadkspfdokfv iv sjfb iB hf hfdu vfJf ShL
bq. ksh sp iadkspfdokfq hfdu vfJfq wvDqk zbcmdk dlsqsY kfsk
vfJf yst hQ kf mf dkbde iadkspfdokf ; kDv, ]e W sOfVf
iadkspfdokf. i[fsv sp hAd kfn W lfhf sJtfv sJstfqfVslv
zhf dyf jsv sn hcUsk ifsv sp, kfvf kfsk jk shwD nmq b
jsv; pfv nm zffrv zfbcoskAv hfsv hQ kfslv dbu sjfb
ifdKGh ijfv tfH YfVf kf zdkhfdrk j'sv sIst.
zfhfv djYc stfj hst Kfsj sp, kfn W lfhf sJtfq bfdj shb Jcst
hQ hcd hfsV. dj hfh kfslv lfhDv hfsv. hvQ nh sJtf
shabsj sHf]kf jsv hQ iajfv hcdsk shabsj nDmfh j'sv
vfsJ. nckvfQ pdl sj kfv dyfwdsj idk YfVf zbAHfsh
(dH dhNsq) hAhrfv jsv, ksh sn djYc It tfH jvsk n[m rq bf.
zkh jKfv iv dHd jsv htf pfq sp, sp sJtf shabsj
sH]fkf jsv hQ kfsj iajfv hcdsk nDdmk jsv vfsJ sn
sJtf sKsj fbD mfbcNsj lCsv Kfjf zfhwAj .
(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr,wfqJ mcrfml dhb NfmDb,18 ix})
iissKKvvnnt
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117

Lm
C ifb jvf W kf dhq jvf
iaw }- LCmifb jvf W kf dhq jvf ShL dj ?
v }- Lcmifb(6) jvf rfvfm. zbcvi kf q jvf W dhq
jvf hQ sp kf dhq jsv, kfsj slfjfb HfVf slWqfW rfvfm.(7)
spsrkc sk ifi W nDmftQOsb nrfqkf jvf rq.
LCmifb rfvfm rWqfv ltDt sp, zffr kfzftf hstb,
(...
)
zKGf{, zfv dbshGfLslvsj skfmfslv nil ziGB jsvf bf -pf
zffr skfmfslv ubA iuDdhjf jsvsYb. (nCvf dbnf 5 zfqfk)
zfqfk rsk LCmifb rfvfm Hfsh iamfdBk rq sp,
dbshGfLslv rfsk mft hf zKG dlsk zffr zfmfslvsj dbsNL
jsvsYb. jfvB dbshGfL kf zbKGj W zpKfHfsh hAq j'sv Kfsj.
zfv zffr nchrfbf kfzftf hstb sp, nm zKG W nil
mfbcsNv rjft W ivjfstv nfsKGv ubA kfv iuDdhjf. dj sn
zKG LCmifsb hAq jvf DbD nfsKGv hQ ifdKGh nfsKGv msLAW
idvodBk bq. nckvfQ kf isK hAq jvf, zffr k]fv
hflfslvsj nil spHfsh Jvy jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb kfv
idviD.
klbcvi v zShLkfv ltDt sp, zffr kfzftf hstb,
(
) zKGf{, skfmvf zfkrkAf jsvf bf. (nCvf dbnf
29zfqfk)
zfqfk sKsj zShLkf vsi iamfdBk rq sp, dydj{nf

(6) ycve, dhdV, dnofsve, ]jf, o]fuf iaHdx k kfmfsjv sL]fqf snhb. -zbchflj
(7)klbcvi LCmifb nfmoaD iak jvf W kfv mfLAsm zsKGfifuGb jvfW zShL.-zbchflj
iissKKvvnnt
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118








dhfb msk LCmifb jdEb svfsov -- spmb jAfbnfsvv jfvB; pf
LCmifqDsj mxkcAv dlsj zoanv jsv -- sn jKf iamfdBk. zkh
LCmifqD LCmifb j'sv dbsusj LQsnv dbjehkGD jsv. (zKy
zffr dbsusj LQn jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb.)
rfvfm rWqfv zfsvf ltDt sp, zffr kfzftf hstb,
      s
JK 
0   N GM1  
       m  
     3
zKGf{, zfv skfmvf JfW W ifb jv hQ zihAq jsvf bf.
dbyq dkdb zihAqDslv iYl jsvb bf. (nCvf zf'vfI 31 zfqfk)
zfqfk fvf zShLkf Hfsh iamfdBk rq sp, zffr
kfzftf pJb zfmfslvsj ShL ifbfrfsv zihAq jvsk dbsNL
jsvsYb (zKGf{, kfsk nDmf zdkm jvsk mfbf jsvsYb), kJb
sp dhNsq sjfb tfH W ijfv sb (hvQ [dk W zijfv zfsY),
kfsk zKG hAq jvf zdLj dbsNLspfoA rsh.
LCmifb zShLkfv zfsvf ltDt vnCt -v sn rflDn, pfsk
dkdb mft b jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb. zfv sk sjfb nslr sb
sp, LCmifsbv nfmoaD q jvsk zKG hAq jvf mft b jvfv
ipGfqHc. spsrkc pfsk sjfb tfH sb, kfsk zKG hAq jvf --
db}nslsr kf dhb jvfv ziv bfm.
kAkDk zfsvf zbAfbA ltDt vsqsY. dj fbDv ubA zffrv
djkfh zKhf k]fv bhD mcrfmfl -v ncfr sKsj jde mf
ltDt psK.
i[fsv sn mkflwG pf LCmifsbv zShLkfv iadk dbslGw jsv
kf sp, sjfb fbD fvf mb h H[B jvf znHh, pf kfv
[dk hf hAfdLv jfvB rq hQ kfsk zKG hAq j'sv kfv nislv LQn
zhLfpG rq. spsrkc fbDv ubA kfv nfA W nislv pk W drIfpk
jvf zfhwAj. kf pfv fb W dhshj zniCBG sn hAd YfVf iajk x
iissKKvvnnt
t






119








W iCBG fbD hAd lc'sq zpk W zhsrtf jsv bf.
fbksKA W zlGdx sjfsB LCmifb zShL rWqfv ltDt efW sp,
LCmifqD pJb LCmifsbv sjfb nfmoaD bf ifq, kJb kfv msb
nQjDBGkf zbcHh jsv, kfv zsv hAfjctkf W lcdyfv zfdLjA
sn HDV umfq, zfv icbvfq kf ifb bf jvf ipG kfv msb ICdkG
W nd dIsv zfsn bf.
dhshj W pcdv jdifKsv ltDt W sp, LCmifb jvfv jfvsB
LCmifqDv dbje hflk HfvD msb rq; dhswN jsv svfpf. spsrkc
LCmifqD svfpfsj Jch HfvD msb j'sv Kfsj. jfvB svfpf vfJfsk
Nfv lqjfstv ivmcrCkG sKsj icbvfq nCpGf ipG sn LCmifb
sKsj hdk Kfsj. zfhfv jJsbf svfpf oaDsmv lDOG dlbnmCsr rst
kf kfv dbje zfsvf zdLj ziYlbDq rq.
kf idvddksk zfdm zfmfv mcndtm fkxhoGsj
nfLfvBHfsh hQ LCmifsb zHA hAdhoGsj dhswNHfsh LCmifb
rsk lCsv Kfjsk, Lcmifb nfmoaD q-dhq, kf q-dhsqv ubA
slfjfb HfVf slWqf hQ kfsk sjfb iajfsvv nfrfpA nrfqkf jvf
sKsj nfhLfb rsk islw dldY.
(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr,hsb NfmDb,14 ix})

zShL jsmG slfjfb HfVf slWqf

iaw }- LCmifb W ofb-hfubfv nfmoaD, ztDt W sbfQvf dHdFW
jAfsne dhskfsj slfjfb HfVf slWqf hQ nClD hAfsjv ubA
mfvk HfVf slWqf ShL dj ?
v }- nh jfsu mfvk hf slfjfb HfVf slWqfv ShLkf
hf zShLkf zffr kfzftfv dbsbf hfBD rsk ufbf pfq; dkdb
hstb,
iissKKvvnnt
t






120








   v
      {C
<`,        4U,
  G` /   {C
  1  ,   G`
 
zKGf{, n{jfu W kfjWqfq (zffrHDvkf W zfknQpsm)
skfmvf sj zivsj nfrfpA jv hQ zn{jfu W nDmftQOsb
sj zsbAv nfrfpA jsvf bf. (nCvf mflfr 2 zfqfk)
jKfv dHdsk iasw sdJk sswA mfvk hf slfjfbfdl
HfVf slWqf rfvfm. spsrkc nh (zShL) jfsu dbsuv Ov HfVf
dlst ifi W zbAfq jfsu zivsj nrfqkf jvf rq (pf dbdN).
( zfntfkcm mcdrmfr,hsb NfmDb,14 ix})

kji
G B
iaw }- djYc stfj ksjGv iv hfdu vfsJ hQ kf ShL msb
j'sv Kfsj; dj zfnst kf ShL dj ?
v }- ksjGv iv iB vfJf h stfsjv dbje dhdlk. kf
vsi rq sp, lc hAd sjfb dhNsq mksHl j'sv ksjGv nfsK
hst, `zfdm pf htdY kf pdl nkA hf ndEj rq, kfrst skfmfsj
tfosh.' hQ pf tfosh kfv bfm sbq. (zKGf{ k dmd
JfWqfsk rsh hf k iqnf dlsk rsh kAfdl hst). `zfv kcdm pf
htY kf pdl nkA hf ndEj rq, kfrst zfdm slh.' hQ
pf slsh kfv bfm sbq. vi hfdu vfJf rfvfm. jfvB jfu ucqfv
ipGfqHc, pfsj zffr kfzftf mslv ifwfifdw sJ jsv
hstsYb,
  6n 
 6C
X   ) '/
w ]I   a ~
     2T   
  G~  K        GM1   &'( )*+  0  *
  ,1 -
   7[    3     1 ,
<   
   `,   &  
 9* 0      GM1  ,
   1 , < **  1   !&U]
 3`,       7[ 
iissKKvvnnt
t






121








    )C
   %       6n
    H Yc=!,
>U     X>
    &'0 UG    T,
1 )C   1    K
  <T*    
zKGf{, sr mfblfvoB! ml, ucqf, mCdkGiCufv shlD W HfoA-
dbBGfqj wv OxBA h, wqkfsbv jfu. nckvfQ skfmvf kf huGb
jv. sk skfmvf nItjfm rsk ifvsh. wqkfb skf ml W ucqf
fvf skfmfslv msLA wkf W dhsN Oefsk yfq hQ skfmfslvsj
zffrv mvsB W bfmfsp hfLf dlsk yfq. zkh skfmvf dj dbhx
rsh? (nCvf mflfr 90-91 zfqfk)
dHdsk iajfv ucqfhfdu zShL. djYc stfsjv kfsj
`ShL' htf kfv dbjxkfsj zdLj hxd jsv. spsrkc sn zbAfqsj
bAfq nfhA jsv hQ kfv zfnt bfm huGb j'sv dH bfmjvB
jsv. zfv kfv iv ShLkfv vQ ydVsq slq, Ist sn pf lfhD
jsv kfsk dmKcAj iamfdBk rq, pf hA jsv kfsk sn iakfvj
iakDqmfb rq.
zffrv dbje zfmvf dbdhGOk f W dbvfif iafKGbf jdv.
(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr,hsb NfmDb,14 ix})

lfdV yfY
] f W Yf] ef
iaw }- lfdV y]fYf W Y]fef ShL dj ? v nDmf jkecjc ?
v }- lfdV y]fYf rfvfm. spsrkc kfsk mcwdvj W zdoiCuj
(mfucn)slv nflxwA zhtb jvf rq. zKy bhD  hstb, sp
hAd sjfb niala fsqv nflxwA zhtb jsv sn kfslv
ltHc. (zfrml 2/50, zfhc lfl 4031bQ, rflDndesj zfthfbD
nrDr hstsYb.) zfv spsrkc kfsk zffrv nxd idvhkGb jvf rq,
pf wqkfsbv zfslw (iftb). zffr kfzftf (wqkfsbv iadkf
xk jsv) hstb,
iissKKvvnnt
t






122

   #=3
% r3B 1  /     ';
1  
zKGf{, zfv zfdm kfslvsj dbyq dbslGw slh, pfsk kfvf
zffrv nxd dhjxk jvsh. (nCvf dbnf 119 zfqfk)
zfv spsrkc kfsk sn iajdx k dhbfw jvf rq, sp iajdx kv iv
zffr nxdsj nxub jsvsYb. jfvB lfdVsj (dbsuv zhfq)
huGb jvf iajdx kok dbqsmv ipGfqHc. spsrkc (lfdV y]fYf)
zffrv sbj hflf bhD, vnCt hQ k]fv zbchkDGosBv zflwG W
drlfqfskv idviD. spmb bhD -v yWVf W Ob (yfi) lfdV
dYt. zffr kfzftf rfvb
ians hBGbf jsvb sp, dkdb k]fv
Hf mCnf
-sj htstb,
        a &!* :9
      VU
    3 +B 1   
zKGf{, sr zfmfv nsrflv! zfmfv wwa W sjw Lsv zfjNGB
jsvf bf. (nCvf kfrf 94 zfqfk)
nckvfQ kf sy]sY sItf zffrv sbj hflf, bhD, vnCt W
zbAfbAslv zflwG sKsj dhycAk rWqf.
lfdV y]fYf bhD -v zfslswv zhfLA zfyvB. spsrkc dkdb
hstb, lfdV sYsV lfW. (hcJfvD 5893bQ, mcndtm259bQ) lfdV
hfVfW. lfdV (dbsuv zhfq) huGb jv. nckvfQ nh d
jKf iamfB jsv sp, sp hAd lfdVv djYc idvmfBW Y]fesh, sn
bhD -v zhfLAkfq zfidkk rsh. zfv sp hAd bhD -v
zfslswv zhfLA rq, sn zffrv zhfLA. spsrkc zffr kfzftf
hstb, ( )
zKGf{, sp vnCstv zbcnvB jsv, sn skf zfnst zffrv
zfbcokA jsv. (nCvf dbnf 80 zfqfk)
iissKKvvnnt
t






123








dkdb zfsvf hstb,
.   0 . 
&!' 1  <4
  X    N,"I   1 )'
      % `*   
zKGf{, hQ sp zffr W kfv vnCtsj zmfbA jsv, sn i
iK rq. (nCvf zfrXpfh 36 zfqfk)
zfidb j nialfq mcndtsmv hAfifsv zfypGfdhk rshb, pfvf
lfdV y]fYfsj rftft msb jsv. zKy kfvf ufsb sp, kf mcndtmslv
j iakDj hQ vnCtosBv zbAkm zflwG. zfv jKfW ufsb
sp, bhD  kf dbsuv zhfq sYsV dlsk zfslw jsvsYb.(8) dj
klXnsW mcdmbslv mk W isKv dhvfyvB j'sv kf sy]sY
sItfsj kfvf rftft msb jsv.
lfdVv nDmf ; lc o W kfv ifwGq hQ dyhcsjv stfmsj lfdV
htf rq; spmb zfdHLfdbjslv jKf ef iamfB jsv. zfv bhD 
hstsYb, skfmvf lfdV hxd jv. dj lfdVsj sjfb wvqD nDmfq
nDmfh jsvbdb. zfv pJb ltDt hf d zfsn, zKy kfv sjfb
wvqD nDmf Kfsj bf, kJb kfsj zfdHLfdbj nDmfq zfsvfi jvf
rq. spsrkc bhD  zfvhD HfNfq jKf htskb hQ jcvzfbW
zfvhD.(zfntfkcm mcdrmfr,wfqJ mcrfml dhb NfmDb 19ix})

zd H
G nifk
iaw }- j mdrtfv zHAfn sp, sn kfv nfbslvsj zdHwfi W
ofdtml j'sv Kfsj. jJsbf hf kfslvsj iaskAj sYfe hV slfsN jKf
fvf, jJsbf hf iarfv j'sv j slq. zHAfn sKsj dIsv zfnsk
zfdm kfsj jfdLjhfv islw dlsqdY. dj sn sv hstsY,

(8) kf lfdV vfJf hf YfVf nck bq; hvQ Wqfsuh. -zbchflj

iissKKvvnnt
t






124








`kcdm Wslv iLGf hfVfst zKy Wvf jk lc.' swsN It l]fVft
sp, sYstvf kfsj zhf j'sv kfv jKf sbrfk zoafrA jvsk
tfot. kfvf hcsU dbt sp, swN idvBfm skf ofdt W iarfv.
Dv hAfifsv zfmfv HCdmjf jD rsk ifsv? dhNsq
dhfdvkHfsh lDsbv dbslGw dj? pfsk sn islw oarB jvsk
ifsv. zfdm dj kfsj kftfj dlsq lCsv nsv pfh hQ nfbvf kfv
ns Kfjsh? zKhf zfdm jD jvh? dhNsq iK-dbslGw j'sv
zfmfsj ijxk jvb. zffr zfibfsj kWIDj dlb.
v }- sYst-smsqslvsj zdHnifk jvf zbAkm jfhDvfr
sofbfr; zbcvi zbAfbAslvsjW zdHwfi jvf, pfvf v ipc bq.
bhD  rsk wcHfsh iamfdBk sp, dkdb hstb, mc'dmbsj zdHwfi
jvf kfsj rkAf jvfv nmfb.
dkdb zfsvf hstb, zdHnifkjfvDvf djqfmskv dlb nf[D W
ncifdvwjfvD rsk ifvsh bf.
nckvfQ mdrtfv kWhf jvf Wqfsuh hQ sYst-smsqslvsj
ofdt-ml jvf sKsj kfv duHsj drIfpk jvf zfhdwAj. kfslv
ubA n{iK-iafd W nQswfLsbv sswA zdLj zdLj lczf jvf
kfv is[ dhsLq.
zfv sr oxrnfmD! skfmfv ubA dhsLq, Dsj nhGlf bnDrk jvf W
nfbslvsj zdHwfi jvf sKsj kfsj nfhLfb jvf. pdl bnDrk
tfHlfqj bf rq, ksh dhdYkf (jKf bf htf, wpAfkAfo jvf kAfdl)
zhtb jvsh -- sn dhdYkf hV SLspGv nfsK W nWqfshv zfwf
svsJ zhtb jvsh; pf kfsk Itlfqj hst dhhfn jvsh. zfv
kftfj slWqfsk zhwA utdlhfdu jvsh bf.
zfmvf zffrv dbje skfmfv W zfmfv ubA nciK iafKGbf jdv.
iissKKvvnnt
t






125








zfv v nfsK spb nfb-ndksj zflh lfb hQ jtAfsBv iadk
dloXlwGb jdv, pfsk kfslv zfyvB nclv rsq WsE.
(IfkfWqf djkf-dhl lf'Wqfr,wfqJ zfct zfpDp dhb hfp, 1/195)

odHB
G D sida mjfsj dhhfr
iaw }- j hAd j jcmfvDv nfsK (siam j'sv) hAdHyfv
jsvsY, Jb sn kfsj dhhfr jvsk yfq. ef dj kfv ubA ShL ?
v }- pdl hfsh kf rsq Kfsj, kfrst Wslv iaskAsjv
iv zffrv dbje kWhf jvf Wqfsuh; dbjxkm zivfL
rsk dhvk rsh, ztDtkfq iVfv Ist pf Ose sosY kfv iv
Jch tdk rsh, mb sbfQvfmDv isK icbvfq if bf hfVfsk
lxPnQji rsh hQ zdLj zdLj n{jfu jvsh. nhk} zffr
Hqsj [mf jsv slshb hQ kfslv ifinmCrsj icsBA idvBk
jvshb. spmb dkdb hstb,
/    1 M % aW          B( .   % '       )*+,
rb  1 1
 1  VU,   &, 3U4*   yM   C<*   1 
  <3    a* 2+`, .   r3*    X`*       
N     A'4,
         N,  Cc*     ,'v    E,    1 )'
   G*
t &FW 5"       b
.   6C     )'(
u      /  % :<!*  /   E5, .   X6C    2   1 M ,G>'
  )' . 
.   % LM  2U*
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   ,WI .    % 
  1
zKGf{, hQ pfvf zffrv ns zbA ifnAsj zfrhfb jsv bf,
zffr pfsj pKfKG jfvB hAdksvsj rkAf dbsNL jsvsYb, kfsj rkAf
jsv bf hQ hAdHyfv jsv bf. pfvf dt jsv kfvf wfd sHfo
jvsh. djqfmskv dlb Wslv wfdsj dB jvf rsh hQ snJfsb
kfvf rDb zhfq fqD rsh. ksh kfvf bq, pfvf kWhf jsv, (iCBG)
iissKKvvnnt
t






126








mfb sb n{jfu jsv, zffr Wslv ifivfwDsj icsBA idvhdkGk
j'sv slshb. zffr [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. sp hAd kWhf jsv W
n{jfu jsv, sn niCBvG si zffrv zdHmcJD rq. (nCvf Icvjfb 68-71
zfqfk)
zfv hAd pdl jcmfvDsj dhhfr jvsk yfq, kfrst dhhfr
hsbv iCshG j mfdnj slsJ kfsj (oHGhkD dj bf kf) ivD[f
jsv sbsh. pdl (mfdnj bf rq hQ) kfv oHG iajfw ifq, kfrst
kfv dhhfr hb kk[B ipG ShL rsh bf, pk[B ipG bf sn
nfb ianh jsvsY. spsrkc vnCt  zisvv Intsj dbsuv ifdb
fvf dndk (zKGf{ oHGhkD bfvDsj dhhfr j'sv nm) jvsk
dbsNL jsvsYb. (zfhc lfl) (tfubfr lf-sqmfr,mfuffkct hrCdnt
ntfdmqAfr 9/72)

kWhf
(wfqJ mcrfmfl dhb nfstr zft-NfmDb)
kWhf }- zffrv zhfLAkf sKsj k]fv zfbcoskAv iadk
iahAfhkGbsj hst.
kWhf }- zffr zfpXpf z uffv diaq. zffr
kWhfjfdvoBsj hQ pfvf idh Kfsj, kfslvsj iYl jsvb.
(nCvf hfjfvfr 222zfqfk)
kWhf }- iaskAj mcdmsbv iv Wqfsuh. sr mfblfvoB
skfmvf zffrv dbje kWhf jv --dhwc kWhf. (nCvf kfrvDm
8zfqfk)
kWhf }- nfIstAv jfvBnmCsrv zbAkm jfvB. zfv
skfmvf njst zffrv dbje kWhf jv sr mfblfvoB! pfsk
iissKKvvnnt
t






127








skfmvf nItjfm rsk ifv. (nCvf bCv 31zfqfk)
zfv nItkf sp, mfbcN dbsuv zHD h tfH jvsh hQ
zhfdk h sKsj dbjdx k ifsh.
kWhf }- dhwcHfsh jvst zffr v fvfq ifi [mf jsvb,
kfsk ifi pk hV zfv pk shwD srfj bf sjb. sOfNBf jsv
lfW (zfmfv jKf), sr zfmfv hflfoB! skfmvf pfvf dbsuslv
iadk pctcm jsvY -- zffrv zbcora rsk dbvfw rsqf bf; zffr
nmclq ifivfdwsj [mf jsv slshb. dkdb skf yvm [mfwDt, ivm
lqftc. (nCvf pcmfv 53 zfqfk)
sr Hf zivfLD! Jhvlfv skfmfv iadkiftsjv vrmk (jvBf)
sKsj dbvfw rsqf bf, spsrkc kWhfv lvuf mc -- pkdlb ipG
bf idym dlj sKsj nCpG lq rsqsY. bhD  hstb, dbyq
zffr vfdjfst r ianfdvk jsvb, pfsk dlhfjfstv zivfLD
kWhf jsv hQ dlhfjfstW r ianfdvk jsvb, pfsk
vfdjfstv zivfLD kWhf jsv -- pk[B ipG bf idym dlj
rsk nCpG dlk rsqsY. (mcndtm 2759bQ)
jk wk h nQJAj hV hV ifiDv dbu ifi sKsj kWhfjfvDv
kWhf zffr jhct jsvsYb. zffr kfzftf hstb,
 
   1 M % aW
r/ b  1 1
 1  VU,         B(
  &, 3U4* .   % '
  yM       )*+,
  C<*   1 
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     A'4,
N          N,  Cc*     ,'v    E,    1 )'
   G*
t &FW 5"       b.   6C     )'(
u      /  % :<!*  /   E5, .   X6C    2   )'   1 M ,G>'
. 
.   % LM  2U*
U'     NG .   X6C
 1   b     2
  )' .   1 Id
   ,WI .    % 
  1
zKGf{, zfv pfvf zffrv ns sjfb zbA ifnAsj zQwD jsv
(Ffsj) bf, zffr pfsj pKfKG jfvB hAdksvsj rkAf jvsk dbsNL
iissKKvvnnt
t






128








jsvsYb, kfsj rkAf jsv bf hQ hAdHyfv jsv bf. pfvf dt
jsv, kfvf wfd sHfo jvsh. djqfmskv dlb Wslv wfd dB
jvf rsh hQ snJfsb kfvf rDb zhfq dyvfqD rsh. ksh kfvf
bq, pfvf kWhf jsv hQ n{jfu jsv, zffr kfslv ifinmCrsj
icsBA idvhdkGk jsv slshb. zffr yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.
(nCvf Icvjfb 68-70 zfqfk)
dhwc kWhf }- kJb rq, pJb kfsk i]fyde wkG iCBG rq ;
iaKm }- zffrv sswA dhwc-dy rsq kWhf jvf. v
fvf zffrv ncd, k]fv dbje nWqfh hQ k]fv zfpfh sKsj
idvfB ifWqfv zfwf vfJf.
dkDq }- ifi W zhfLAkf jsmGv iv tdk W tfdk
rWqf. pf j'sv sIstsY kfv iv lc}dJk W shlbfrk rWqf hQ
`pdl kf bf jvk' - zfs[si zbck rWqf.
kxkDq }- nkv ifi sKsj dhvk rWqf. pdl sn ifi zffr
kfzftfv zdLjfvHc sjfb rfvfm jsmG dt rsq rq, ksh ifiD
kf idvkAfo jvsh, zfv pdl sjfb Wqfsuh jmG kAfo j'sv rq,
ksh nkv kf iftb jvsk wcv jvsh. pdl ifi sjfb nxdv
zdLjfvHc rq, ksh nkv kf rsk mcdtfH jvsk nsy rsh.
(zbAfqHfsh djYc oarB j'sv Kfjst pfv zdLjfv rvB jsvsY)
kfsj kf sIv{ dlsq zKhf kfv dbje sKsj [mf sysq hQ kfsk
ShLkfv zdLjfv sysq zfsifn j'sv sbsh.
ykcKG }- HdhNAsk icbvfq ifsi dt bf rWqfv iv lxP
nQji W iadkf jvf.
im }- mxkcA idk jfst zKhf idym dlj rsk nCspGflq
rsq kWhf jvfv dbdlG nmq zhnfb rWqfv isv kWhf bf jvf
(zKGf{ v iCshG jvf). zffr kfzftf hstb,
iissKKvvnnt
t






129

  SUW      1 eF,
 

uK      DW
   P<W    M 1  u5F,      * )*+3,
/ 1 36`   1 AU,
  
 e!
;    M   
 / :9
zKGf{, kfslv ubA kWhf bq pfvf (zfuDhb) ml jfu jsv,
zk}iv kfslv jfsvf dbje pJb mxkAc idk rq, kJb sn hst,
`zfdm Jb kWhf jvtfm. (nCvf dbnf 18 zfqfk)
zfv bhD  hstb, sp hAd idym dlj sKsj nCspGflsqv iCshG
kWhf jvsh zffr kfv kWhf oarB jsv sbshb. (mcndtm
2703bQ)
zffr zfmfslv bhD mcrfmfslv iv jvBf W wfd hNGB jvb.

idvswsN
diaq Hf W shfsbvf! dbbdtdJk jmGfhtD jvsk nsy rb }-
 kWrDlsj hfhfqb jvb hQ dwjG, dhlzfk W
zhfLAfyvsBv sHuft rsk kf idvwc jvb, kfrst dhbf
drnfsh uffsk iashw jvshb.
 pKf nmsq dhbq W dvkfv nfsK bfmfp jfsqm jvb.
 zfibfv zKG (efjf-iqnf), ztQjfv kAfdlv pfjfk
zflfq jvb.
 dhsLq dbqmfbcnfsv Ivp W bIt svfpf iftb jvb .
 pKfnh zdk dbjehkDG nmsq Ivp r iftb jvb.
 zfib W dikf-mfkfv dbjefkDqv nfsK fdk-hb z[cB
vfJcb.
 fbHffv W tsmv djkfh W ncfr hQ (nfrfhfsq
sjvfm, ntsI nfstrDb W iajk x zdH) tfmfslv d h-
icj W jAfsne sKsj fb zshNB jvb.
iissKKvvnnt
t






130








 iaf, pcd, nlcislw, nfsh zfstfybf W dhksjGv mfLAsm
drjmskv nfsK zffrv dlsj mfbcNsj zfrhfb jvb.
 nfLAmk n{jfsu zfslw hQ mljfsu hfLf lfb jvb.
 n{jsmGv mfLAsm nmq W zhnsvv nAhrfv jsv dbsu
ijxk rb.
 nfb-ndksj ndEj kvdhqk W dwfyfv dw[f dlb .
 iyfsk mcndtmslv ubA lczf jvb.
 pKfnfLA jtAfBmCtj jsmG zQw oarB jvb.
 iawQnbDq ydvs ydvhfb rb.
 zdLjfdLj doIfv ([mf iafKGbf), kWhf hQ zffrv
dpjXv jvb.
 (nhGlf) mvB, drnfh, uffk W ufrffmsj mvB jvb.
 sjfb ifi j'sv sItst nfsK nfsK icBAW jvb hQ mfbcsNv
nfsK nlf nAhrfv jvb.
 mcndtmslv slfN-de sofib jvb hQ kfslv mfb-nm
tcdk rst iadkhfl jvb.
 (zflwG) D rsq n{jsmG fmDv zfbcokA jvb.

zfv nfhLfb rb
jKfq W jsmG nhGiajfv dhlXzfk sKsj.
pKf nmq rsk bfmfp dTst jvf sKsj.
bfmfsp zdvkf W zmsbfspfdokf sKsj.
(mdrtf rst) efe-dIeX, zfLf sJftf, sYfe hf Jfe hQ dbsy
sKsj lm boiafq sifwfj isv ofqv mfrvfm (omA) icvNslv
iissKKvvnnt
t






131








nfmsb snZlpG iajfw jvf hQ shilGf rsq shVfsbf sKsj.
sifwfj-idvYsl zKhf ycst mcndtmflswGv idviD jfeX-Yf]e
j'sv zmcndtm mdrtfslv nflxwA zhtb jvf rsk.
sy]sY ifktf jvf, lc l]fskv mfsU (OsN) I]fj nxd jvf, bJ
tf jvf, syrfvf lfof, mfKfv isv stfeb hf sJ]fif h]fLf hQ
jxdm yct (ivyctf, eAfsnt hf ItXnX) hAhrfv jvf rsk.
nfLfvB zKhf dhswN ztDmf hf sHfu-zbcfsb zihAq jvf,
ifbfrfsv ziyq jvf hQ kf mqtfv nfsK (FfnXdhsb) sItf rsk.
dhdH psv mfLAsm dImX slJf, bfvD-icvsNv ndmdtk bfej
lwGb jvf zKhf ofb-hfubf swfbf rsk.
Sbdkj SwdKtkf hQ ydv dhb rWqfv iadk zfrhfb jsv,
mb h-icj W i-idjf ifE jvf rsk.
ofqv mfrvfm (omA) icvN, FafHfv, (dvfyftj), HxkA hf
zbA jfsvf nfsK (bfvDv) dbuGbkf zhtb jvf rsk. hvQ lfn-
lfnD W Jfn FafHfv hAhrfv bf jvsk syf jvf dyk.
oDhk, ycotD, hA-dhlai, dmKAf, zDjfv H, iakfvBf iaHdx k
rsk.
mCdkG-Jdyk ztfv hf sifwfj ivf hf (Ydh) effsbf rsk.
(slWqfst) dhswN j'sv spJfsb znfv (ofb-hfubfv) pfdl
Kfsj, snJfsb jcvzfbD zfqfk tejfsbf hf effsbf rsk.
(ziasqfusb) dhswN j'sv zShL jsmG zKhf zbKGj jfsu vfk
ufof rsk.
mdrtfv (dIkbfv Hq Kfjst) jfdjbD nfLfvB hfufsv pfWqf
rsk.
iissKKvvnnt
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132

sib hf zbA sjfb pfbhfrsb mfrvfm (pfv nfsK dhhfr smfse

ShL bq mb) icvN YfVf (mdrtfv jfdjbD hf zsbAv nfsK)
nIv jvf rsk.
ofqv mfrfsvm (omA) icvNslv dbjse ncod hAhrfv jvf rsk.
ofqv mfrfsvm (shofbf) icvNslv nfsK mcnfIfrf jvf rsk.
zdHwfi, ofdt-ml, ztDt hfjA, nfbslv iv W dbsuslv
iv hczf jvf zKhf pcosj ofdt slWqf rsk.
syrfvfv snZlpGsj zbfhxk jsv vfsJ hQ icvNslvsj
dIkbfq (dhOsk) sIst, mb bfJdyk shfvjf hAhrfv jvf
rsk.
ifktf rWqfv jfvsB mcJmstv snZlpG niCBG zfhxk jsv bf
hf Jfsef rWqfv jfvsB syrfvfv dbsyv zQw Tfsj bf mb syrfvfv
zfhvB, sOfmef hf sbjfh (shfvjf) hAhrfv jvf rsk.
mB jvfv sswA hdrslGsw nIv jvf hQ kfsk zKG zihAq
jvf rsk.
(nh djYc rsk lCsv Kfjcb, sh]sy Kfjcb W nfhLfb Kfjcb.)
znfff- zftf bfdhdqAbf mcrfmfl, z zftf zf-dtrD z
nfrdhrD zfumfb.

zbchflj }- zfct rfmDl IfpD

1tf vmpfb 1417dr}
iissKKvvnnt
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133

mnduslv vk
mcntmfb rsq h]fysk rst bfmfp uvvD. zfv bfmfp iVsk rst
ufmfzfsk bfmfp uvvD. zfhfv kfv ubA uvvD jde mnduslv.
mndul zffrv Ov. zffrv dbje ixdKhDv hcsj nhsysq swa
fb rt mndul. mndul mcntmfbslv iftGfsme. mndul
mcntmfbslv mffnf W dw[f-dbsjkb.
mndusl zffrv dpjXv W jcvzfb sktfzk rq. mndulsj
zffr k jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
()

}


( ) {
zKGf{, zffr sp nh oxrsj (mpGflfq) Dk jvfv hQ
snstfsk k]fv bfm nvB jvfv zfslw dlsqsYb, snJfsb njft-
nAfq k]fv idhkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv, mb stfsjvf pfslvsj
hAhnf-hfdBuA W q-dhq zffrv nvB, bfmfp jfsqm hQ
pfjfk ialfb jvf sKsj dhvk vfsJbf. kfvf Hq jsv sn dlbsj,
spdlb zv W lxdnmCr HDdk-dhrt rsq iVsh. (nCvf bCv 36-37 zfqfk)
mndul zfhfl jvsk c jsvsYb hQ hstsYb,

}
( ) {
zKGf{, db}nslsr kfvf zffrv mndul zfhfl jvsh pfvf
zffrsk W ivjfstv mfb vfsJ, bfmfp jfsqm jsv, pfjfk
ialfb jsv zfv zffr hAkDk zbA jfsj Hq jsv bf. zfwf
jvf pfq,kfvf n{iKiafslv ltHc rsh. (nCvf kfWhfr 18 zfqfk)
sk sjfb nslr sb sp, mndul dbmGfB jvf Jch vk W
iissKKvvnnt
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134








mfrfkAiCBG jfu. sk nWqfh W iadklfbW Jch shwD. mndul
dbmGfB mfsb shsrwXsk dbsuv Ov dbmGfB jvf rq. mrfbhD 
hstsYb, sp hAd ifJDv hfnfv mk zKhf kfv sysqW sYfe
zfjfsvv jde mndul zffrv nd tfsHv sswA dbmGfB
j'sv slsh, zffr kfv ubA shsrs jde oxr dbmGfB j'sv
slshb. (hsb mfufr, nrDt uf-sm'6128 bQ)
 vnCt  mndul nmCrsj idvjfv-idvY,idh W ncomq
jsv vfJsk zfslw jsvsYb. (nrDr zfhc lfl 436 bQ)
 mndul iaskAj LmGHDv hAdv Ov. zfv sp hAdv Ov
mndul, zffr sn hAdv ubA wfd, jvBf hQ k]fv nd W
shsrsv iadk ictdnvfk zdkm jsv pfWqfv lfdqk dbsqsYb.
(kfhfvfbD,hfpXpfv,nrDr kfvoDh 325 bQ)
 pJb sjfb hAd dpjXv W bfmfspv ubA mndusl zhfb
wcv jsv kJb zffr kfzftf kfsj dbsq sn vi JcwD rb,
spvi iahfnD hAd dIsv st kfsj dbsq kfv hfdVv stfj JcwD
rq. (hsb mfufr iamcJ,nrDr kfvoDh 322 bQ)
 YfqfrDb djqfmskv dlsb sp nfk hAdsj zffr k]fv
zfvswv Yfqf lfb jvshb, kmsLA jub rt sn hAd, pfv
zv nhGlf mnduslv iadk zfjx Kfsj. (hcJfvD 660bQ,mcndtm 2031 bQ)
 pfvf zdLjfdLj zjfsv mndul pfkfqfk jsv kfslv ubA
vsqsY, djqfmsk idviCBG suAfdkv ncnQhfl. (zfhc lfl,dkvdmpD
nrDr kfvoDh 310 bQ)
 j]fyf diqfu vncb (hf zbcvi sjfb lcoGmq h spmb dhdV,
dnofsve iaHdx k) sJsq mndusl zfnf ShL bq. jfvB sk bfmfpD
W dIdvfoB j sisq Kfsjb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 707 bQ) hvQ
dhdV dnofsve, oct, ulGf iaHdx k mfljlahA hAhrfv jvf rfvfm.
nckvfQ kf huGb jvf Wqfsuh. iv mnduslv nmfb v[fsKG sn
nh rfvfm dudbn ns dbsq hf isjse svsJ mndusl pfWqf hf
iissKKvvnnt
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135








bfmfp iVfW ShL bq. (mfuffkct hrCdnt ntfdmqAfr 17/58)
 mnduslv dHkv Sr-rff, Synsv jKf htf ShL bq. (hcJfvD,
dmwjfk 744 bQ)
 mrfbhD  mndusl djYc q-dhq, rfvfsbf h sJf]uf,
(hfsu) jdhkf hf out ifE hQ ucmzfv iCshG soft rsq hnf
sKsj dbsNL jsvsYb. (zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD iamcJ nrDt ufsm' 6885 bQ)
 Osv ufqof Kfjsk mndulsj zHAfnokHfsh wqbfofv W
dhwafmfofv hfbfsbf dyk bq. jfvB, hsb zffn  hstb,
`sj spb mndulsj wqbfofv W dhwafmfofv hfdbsq bf sbq.'
(nrDr dkvdmpD 1/103)
 mrfbhD  hstb,zfsJvD pfmfbfq mb j swaBDv stfj
rsh, pfvf mndusl soft-ShEj jsv ifdKGh W nfQnfdvj oi-ocuh
jvsh. nckvfQ skfmvf kfslv ndrk hsnf bf. jfvB mb
stfsjslv dbsq zffrv sjfb iasqfub sb.' (kfhfvfbD,dntdntfr
nrDrfr 1163 bQ)
 mndulsj sjfbW iajfsv sbfQvf jvf ShL bq. ianafh-
ifqJfbfv ubAW mndul nk bq. mndul rt jcvzfb
ifE,dpjXv W bfmfp iVfv ubA. (mcndtm,zfrml,ndrt uf-sm'2268 bQ)
 mndusl KcKc hf jI sItf sofbfrv jfu. KcKc kAfdl sbfQvf
h idvfv jvf sbjDv jfu. (zfrmfl kfhfvfbD, nrDt ufsm'2885 bQ)
mnduslv lvufv nfmsb ianfa h jvf dbdN. (nrDt uf-sm'6813 bQ)
kcmkD mdrtf iaHdx k zidhsv ubA mndusl zhfb jvf ShL
bq. (hcJfvD,mcndtm,dmwjfk 1431 bQ)
 mndul zffrv Ov. kf mcdmsbv dyk, dbsuv Ov zsi[f
Osvv iadk zdLj pkhfb rWqf.
iissKKvvnnt
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136

lldc cdbbqqffvv u

ubbAA ddEEj jk kk keeff ssmmrrbbk kj jvv,,
ppk kddllbb k kdc dc mm ssnnJJffssbb hhffnn j jvvsshh..

z

zffssJJvvffssk kvv u ubbAA ddEEj jk kk keeff ssmmrrbbk k
j v , p k d l b k
jv, pkdlb kdc m snJfsb hfn jvsh. c d m s n J fs b h fn j v sh .

z

zffffrrvv nn d d t tffssHHvv u ubbAA kkeeff ssyyff
jjvv,, ppk keeff k kdc dc mm k kffvv mmJ cJ
c ffssi
i[ [DD..

ssj

jhht tmmff ssnn nn ffvv ddbbj jee nnhhddj jYYc c
iifa fa KKbGb
G ff j jvv,, ddppddbb ssj jffbb i ijaj
a ffssvv j jffssvvff
mmJcJ
c ffssi i[[DD bbbb..

i

iffi ik kk keeff j jvv,, ppk keeffvv z zffppffhh ssH Hffoo
jjvvffvv [ [mmk kff k kdc dc mm vvffJJ..

z

zffffrrvv z zhhffLLAAk kff ppddll j jvvssk k yyffW W,,
kkffrrsst t ssnnJJffssbb j jvv,, ssppJJffssbb ddk kddbb
ssk
kffmmffssj j ssllJJssk ki iffsshhbb bbff..

i

iffi i[ [ c
c rrsst tW Wk kffvv [ [ c
c kkff ssllssJJff bbff;;
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tk kff
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