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LOPEZ BRANCH
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Lopez, Quezon
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subjects
Submitted by:
Second Semester
SY 2016-2017
CERTIFICATION
_______________________
Engr. Nelson N. Entienza
Subject Instructor
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With a heartfelt gratitude, we, the researches would like to acknowledge the
following persons who contributed their efforts and time for without their help the
research may not be possible.
This study concludes that the road widening in Lopez Maharlika Highway favorably
and unfavorably impact the local residents, students drivers, and passengers.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
ASSUMPTION AND HYPOTHESIS
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
IV. ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
INTRODUCTION
Transportation has become one of the major factor affecting the
development and advancement of cities. Accessibility influence the economic
growth of a locality, which compliments the growing scope of transportation.
Ownership of cars and other vehicles became in demand that leads to the
increase of vehicular traffic, hence the space of road became insufficient to uphold
the stipulating growth of traffic. At present, Lopez has shown a depressing result in
flow of traffic. Since Lopez is included in the main road which transport passengers
from Manila to Bicol and vice versa, buses and other means of transportation
frequently travel along Maharlika highway Lopez, Quezon, in addition the number of
vehicle in Lopez varies greatly especially the number of tricycles in town,
congestions in traffic flow are experienced and it can also exceed the carrying
capacity of road during peak hours.
Widening and repairing of existing road surfaces is a common road design
problem. Road widening requires the construction of road shoulders and widening
of the main road on both sides in accordance with the law of the project locale.
Road widening of Lopez Maharlika Highway (General Vera Ave. former Real Street)
is yet complicated given the limited space for widening and the large number of
existing structures that may conflict with it.
This research an assessment of the effects of road widening is conducted to
determine the efficiency of road widening and its impact to the citizens of Lopez.
OBJECTIVES
To determine how the effects of Road widening of Lopez Maharlika highway
impact the local residents, drivers, and travelers.
ASSUMPTIONS
This study focused on the assumption that the road widening of Lopez
Maharlika Highway project is built possible.
We assumed that because of the growing amount of vehicles, lack of parking
space, the recent congestions of traffic in Lopez widening of Maharlika Highway is
necessary. Since the number of vehicles and congestion of traffic have increase
significantly and there is no scope for increasing the road length and widening due
to land acquisition problems and establishments along Maharlika Highway, it is
assumed that conflict within the local residents will arise in the proposition of the
project.
Standard widening- increased one lane at both sides width = existing road
width (including paved walkways and shoulders max width=3m, curb and
gutter.) in Lopez Maharlika Highway (General Vera Ave. former Real Street)
inside town proper from Brgy. Del Pilar to Brgy. Magsaysay.
Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
The effect of road widening at Maharlika Highway (from Del Pilar to
Magsaysay) has unfavorable impact in the local residents, environment and
economic development of Lopez Quezon.
Operational Hypothesis
The effect of road widening at Maharlika Highway (from Del Pilar to
Magsaysay) has favorable impact in the local residents and environment.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The Government has nevertheless made significant efforts to improve the road
situation as seen in the increased amounts allocated to the sector over the past few
years.
This study has significance for the knowledge of development of roads and its
impact to community. The presentation of this study visualizes in prospect the
effects of the road widening. The opinion and attitude of the drivers, commuters or
passengers, residents, will also be observed based on surveys, and questionnaires.
This research will contribute for further references for the current and future
development of our road infrastructures and also to upcoming related or similar
studies. Mainly, Lopez town proper community will be benefited to this study as
well as other near town areas, and the whole Philippine south transport network.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Auto-dependency-
Accesibility-
Capacity-
Cluster-
Congestion-
Daang Maharlika National Road of the Philippines
Infrastructure-
Road Widening
Transportation-
Traffic-
Variable-
The scope of this research focused mainly on the effects of widening the
Maharlika Highway to the flow of traffic in Lopez, to the citizens to the assessment
of existing road of Lopez at present.
The study is conducted along Maharlika Highway from Brgy. Del Pilar to Brgy.
Magsaysay lopez, Quezon, where all the data were gathered. Business enterprises,
drivers and local residents nearby the research locale, serves as the respondents of
the research.
Also, we have cited the areas that may be affected by the road widening in
prospect.
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
RELATED CITATIONS
McBrides (2013) explained that how environment gets affect from
the project of road widening. While doing the project some of the
trees will be cutoff unnecessarily. He also explained that how we
can conduct the road widening project without damaging the
environment by using correct and advanced technology.
Asia pulse (2011) states that due to road widening will be able to
manage increased capacity in vehicles. It controls the traffic of new
vehicles in in the road and it makes transportation process easy.
The extension of the road once completed will additionally ease the
current traffic condition. It reduces according to time and increases
driving comfort
The impact of Road widening on the local economy (Nozzi 2013)
For nearly a century, road widening has been touted as a powerful stimulus
for the local economy.
However, by striking contrast, I have learned the opposite.
One of the most important lessons I have learned in my many years as a city
planner is that quality of life is a powerful economic engine, and that the
habitat intended to make cars happy is, conversely, one of the most
powerful ways that quality of life in a community is damaged.
Road widening inherently creates increased auto-dependency because big,
high-speed, happy car roads create what economists call a barrier effect.
That is, big and high-speed roads make it more difficult to travel by bicycle,
walking or transit. So wider roads recruit new motorists in a vicious, never-
ending cycle of widening, more car dependence, more congestion, more calls
for widening, etc.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
In order for the research to be organized and obtain accurate, and reliable
results for the data collection and analysis, questionnaires were used. The
importance of this instrument is apparently observed in the succeeding chapter of
this study, especially in the quantitative and qualitative aspects of this research.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The sampling technique used in the study was percentage sampling. The
researchers used cluster sampling to get the number of the respondents involved in
the study. From this method, the researchers used the frequency and percentage
formula to get the total percentage of the data needed.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
1. Percentage
Frequency and percentage distribution will be used to evaluate the opinion or
perception of the assessment on the effects of road widening of Maharlika
Highway from Brgy. Del Pilar to Brgy. Magsaysay Lopez, Quezon.
Where:
P= percentage
F= frequency
N=total number of respondents
100 = constant
Weighted arithmetic mean will be used to determine the items that the
respondents favored in ranking question.
Table 2.1 & 2.2 shows the rate of the local residents, students, passengers and
driver to the service of Maharlika Highway in terms of safety
Table 2.1 Rates of the Local Residents, Students and Passenger To The
Service Of Maharlica Highway In Terms Of Safety
Table 3.1 & 3.2 shows the rate of the local residents and driver with the
implementation of rules and regulation in Maharlika Highway
Table 3.1
The Rate Of The Local Residents, Students And Passenger With The
Implementation Of Rules And Regulation In Maharlika Highway
Table 4.2
The Rate Of The Local Residents, Students And Passenger With Sufficient
Information about road signs and signals
Table 5.1
Frequency of Usage of Lopez Maharlika Highway by the Drivers
Category: DRIVER No. of Respondents: 33
Rate Percentage
Not using 0 0%
Frequently in a year 0 0%
Frequently in a month 0 0%
Frequently in a week 5 15.15%
Everyday 28 84.85%
TOTAL 33 100%
Table 5.1 shows that 5 respondents which covers 15.15% of the group used our
highway in frequently in a week while the rest 28 respondents which cover 84.85%
of the group used our highway everyday.
Drivers were divided to sub-groups from private transportation, to public
transportation.
The table shows the majority of the drivers using the highway everyday.
Table 5.2
Frequency of Usage of Lopez Maharlika Highway by the Students,
Residents, Passengerd etc.
Category: STUDENT, PASSENGER, COMMUNITY No. of Respondents: 35
Rate Frequency Percentage
Not using 0 0%
Frequently in a year 0 0%
Frequently in a month 1 2.88%
Frequently in a week 11 31.43%
Everyday 23 65.71%
TOTAL 35 100%
Table 5.2 shows that 1 respondent which covers 2.88% of the group used our
highway in frequently in a month, 11 respondents which covers 31.43% of the
group used our highway in frequently in a week, while the rest 23 respondents
which cover 65.71% of the group used our highway everyday.
Table 7.2
Category: STUDENT, PASSENGER, COMMUNITY No. of Respondents: 35
Rate Frequency Percentage
Yes 32 91.43%
No 3 8.57%
Total 35 100%
32 responses which covers the majority 91.43% of the group agrees to width as a
factor to consider in traffic capacity and flow while the rest 3 responses which
covers 8.57% disagreed.
Table 8.2
Category: STUDENT, PASSENGER, COMMUNITY No. of Respondents: 35
Rate Frequency Percentage
Yes 34 97.14%
No 1 2.86%
Total 35 100%
34 responses which covers the majority 97.14% of the group agrees to road
widening of Lopez Maharlika Highway while the rest 1 responses which covers
2.86% disagreed.
Frequency of responses to Possible Positive Effects of Road Widening
Table 9.1
Rate Local Drivers Total Percentage
residents,
Students,
Passengers,
etc
Decreased 12 9 21 30.88%
Accident Rate
Increased 28 25 53 77.94%
Capacity and Flow
Rate
Increase Income 5 2 7 10.29
Proper Road 22 12 34 50.00%
Quality, and
Walkability
Proper Loading 13 11 24 35.29%
and unloading of
vehicles
21 responses (30.88% of the group) says decreased accident rate; 53 responses
(77.94%) says Increased capacity and flow rate; 7 responses (10.29%) says
Increased income; 34 responses (50%) says proper road quality, and walkability;
13 responses (35.29%) says proper loading and unloading of vehicles as possible
positive effects of road widening in Lopez Maharlika Highway.
Increased Capacity and Flow Rate at 77.94% got the highest response to drivers,
the following are Proper Road Quality, and Walkability (50%) Proper Road Quality,
and unloading of vehicles (35.29%), Decreased Accident Rate (30.88%), and
Increase Income (10.19%)
Others openly answered indirect effects like development of Lopez, and
rearrangement of the road features.
Summary of Findings
Drivers and Local Residents, Students, Passengers share the same views of
our existing Maharlika highway and also the willingness on the improvement
of it.
Our existing Lopez Maharlika highway is rated satisfactory from the
responses infers that it satisfies enough of their needs in transportation.
The development of Lopez Maharlika Highway will lead to direct effects which
are mostly perceive by the respondents and indirect effects encompasses
with the growth of Lopez Socioeconomic environment.