Document

PROCEDURE Classification :
COFIDENTIAL

Title: SECONDARY PLANT Reference: TPC41-139

COMMISSIONING OF CURRENT
TRANSFORMERS Revision: 1
Effective date: October 2006
Total pages: 1 Of 12
Revision date: October 2013

COMPILED BY FUNCTIONAL RESP. AUTHORIZED BY

................................. ........................... .................................

C D HITCHIN P J JOOSTE W MAJOLA
EAST GRID TX Grid GENERAL MANAGER
GRIDS

DATE:....................... DATE:....................... DATE:.......................

Content
Page
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Document Content........................................................................................................................ 2
3 Supporting Clauses ...................................................................................................................... 5
4 Authorisation................................................................................................................................. 9
5 Revisions ...................................................................................................................................... 9
6 Development team........................................................................................................................ 9
7 Appendix.....................................................................................................................................10

Note: Concerns queries and comments on this document should be referred to the compiler
When downloaded from Transmission database, this document is uncontrolled, responsibility lies with
the user to ensure that it is the authorised version
SECONDARY PLANT COMMISSIONING OF Reference: TPC41-139
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
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1 Introduction
This document is required to ensure that Current Transformers are correctly tested, installed and
commissioned. This is done by giving all the tests that are required to ensure the correct
commissioning. Also a standard test sheet is provided for record keeping.

2 Procedure
2.1 Name Plate details
Record rating plate details and check against the drawing. Check, ratio, rating, class,
number of cores, etc. On multi tap windings the rating is usually for the lowest tap.
Record the details in section 1 and 2 of the test sheet.

2.2 Manufacturers specification and test certificates

Obtain manufacturers specification and test certificates and file together with the
Current Transformer test sheet.

2.3 Location
Check that the current transformer is physically in the correct position to fulfil its
function (e.g. to provide overlap between feeder and buszone protection of buszone
and transformer differential protection, etc.). Record in section 8 of the test sheet.

2.4 Seals, bushing or casing and SF6 Gas

Check: - bushing / casing free of cracks or chips

- all gaskets and coverplate seals order
- silica gel (if any) is blue
- oil levels / leaks (if any)
- SF6 gas pressure correct
Record in section 8 of the test sheet.

2.5 Primary earths

Check that the equipment and structure are bonded to the station earth. Record the
result in section 8 of the test sheet.

2.6 Insulation resistance

1. Primary to Secondaries and Earth at 5 kV with all the secondary cores earthed.

2. Between secondary cores using a 500 volt megger.

Record all the results in section 3 of the test sheet.

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CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
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2.7 Core Winding Resistance and Burden measurements Tests

The winding resistance of each of the secondary cores of the current transformer has
to be measured and the results recorded in section 4.1 of the test sheet.
The lead loop resistance to the secondary equipment and the equipment burden in
ohms must be measured separately and the results recorded in section 4.2 of the test
sheet.

2.8 Current Transformer Ratio Tests

The ratio of each core of the current transformer has to be checked to ensure that the
actual ratio of the CT core is the same as that given on the nameplate. If the ratio test
are done using a manual current injection test set then the results of the test are to be
recorded in section 5 of the test sheet. If a computerised test set is used then a copy
of the results must be attached to the test sheet. The computer files will most probably
be the same for the ratio and the magnetising test and these file names must be
entered in section 6.2 of the test sheet.

2.9 Current Transformer Magnetisation Tests

The Magnetisation test for each core of the current transformer must be done. If the
tests are done manually then the results must be recorded in section 6.1 of the test
sheet. If the tests are done by using a computerised test set then a copy of the results
must be attached to the test sheet and the file names used recorded in section 6.2 of
the test sheet.

2.10 Current Transformer Polarity Checks

With all external wiring disconnected establish that the terminal markings and polarity
are correct for each core. Use circuit figure 2.

Figure 2

Record the results in section 7 of the test sheet.

2.11 Current Transformer Checks

Complete all the checks as given in section 8 of the test sheet
SECONDARY PLANT COMMISSIONING OF Reference: TPC41-139
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
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3 Supporting Clauses

Index of Supporting Clauses

3.1 Scope......................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Normative/Informative References ............................................................................................ 5
3.3 Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 5
3.4 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 8
3.5 Roles and Responsibilities ........................................................................................................ 9
3.6 Implementation Date ................................................................................................................. 9
3.7 Process for monitoring............................................................................................................... 9
3.8 Related/Supporting Documents................................................................................................. 9

3.1 Scope

3.1.1 Purpose

This document is required to ensure that Current Transformers are correctly tested and commissioned.
This is done by giving all the steps that are required to be performed to ensure correct testing and
commissioning.

3.1.2 Applicability

This procedure shall apply throughout Eskom Holdings Limited, its divisions, subsidiaries and entities
wherein Eskom has a controlling interest.

3.2 Normative/Informative References

Parties using this procedure shall apply the most recent edition of the documents listed below :

3.2.1 Normative

ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Systems

3.2.2 Informative

a) BS 3938 Current Transformers

b) IEC 185 Current Transformers

c) IEC 60 High voltage testing techniques

d) IEC 270 Partial discharge measurements

e) IEC 296 Insulation oil

f) IEC 156 Method for determination of the electrical

strength of insulating oils

3.3 Definitions

3.3.1 Burden
The value of the impedance of the secondary circuit expressed in ohms (or in volt-
amperes the rated secondary current) at the relevant power factor.
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3.3.2 Current transformers

A transformer for use with electrical measuring instruments, electrical protective
and/or control equipment, for the transformation of current and in which the current in
the secondary winding in normal conditions of use, is substantially proportional to the
current in the primary winding and differing from it by an angle which approaches zero
for an appropriate direction of the connections.

3.3.3 Knee-point e.m.f.

That sinusoidal e.m.f. of rated frequency applied to the secondary terminals of the
transformer, all other windings being open-circuited, which, when increased by 10
percent, caused the exciting current to increase by 50 percent.

3.3.4 Measuring current transformer

A current transformer intended to supply indicating instruments, integrating meters
and similar apparatus.

3.3.5 Primary winding

The winding through which flows the current to be transformed.

3.3.6 Protective current transformer

A current transformer intended to supply electrical protective equipment.

3.3.7 Rated accuracy limit primary current

The value of primary current up to which the transformer will comply with the
requirements of accuracy specified (composite error)

3.3.8 Rated accuracy limit factor (ALF)

The ratio of the rated accuracy limit primary current to the rated primary current.

A protective current transformer is intended to maintain its accuracy within prescribed

limits of error up to a certain primary current which is expressed as multiple of its rated
primary current. This multiple is termed its rated accuracy limit factor. Hence, in
determining the appropriate limit factor for a give application, the important point to
consider is the maximum value of primary current up to which maintenance of
accuracy is required; other factors however are also involved. The capabilities of a
protective transformer are determined by the primary ampere-turns, the core
dimensions and material, etc., and the ampere turns are roughly proportional to the
product of the rated output and the rated accuracy limit factor.

It is important to note that, for a given protective transformer, the accuracy limit factor
and the burden are interrelated, i.e. a decrease in its burden will automatically
increase its accuracy limit factor and vice versa. For example, the reduction in
effective burden which results from changing the tap setting of an electro mechanical
inverse-time overcurrent relay from 100 percent to 200 percent will enable current
SECONDARY PLANT COMMISSIONING OF Reference: TPC41-139
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
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transformer to reach a higher current without its error exceeding the limit of its
accuracy class.

In determining a higher accuracy limit factor for a reduced burden, it is important not to
overlook the internal burden of the secondary winding; the resistance of which is give
on the rating plate.

3.3.9 Rated accuracy limit secondary current

The secondary current equal to the rated accuracy limit primary current divided by the
rated transformation ratio.

3.3.10 Rated burden

The value of the burden on which the accuracy requirements of this standards are
based.

The burden on a protective current transformer is composed of the individual burdens

of the associated relays or trip-coils, instruments (when used and the connecting
leads.

When the individual burdens are expressed in ohmic values, the total burden can be
computed by addition. This total ohmic burden should then be converted to VA as the
rated secondary current.

When the individual burdens are expressed in terms of VA, it is essential to refer to
VA values to a common base before they can be added together to give the total
burden. This common base should be
rated secondary current of the transformer. Although it is usual to add the individual
burdens arithmetically, it is strictly more correct to add them vectorially and it may be
advantageous to do so, if this would lead to a smaller or more economical design.

Normally, the standard VA-rating nearest to the burden computed as above should be
used, but attention is drawn to the fact that a device may have an impedance with one
or more of the following characteristics;

a) The impedance is constant, for all practical purposes, regardless of the current
setting, subject to (d) below (e.g. untapped relay coils)

b) The impedance changes with the current setting (notable in trip coils and relays
with tapped coils)

c) The impedance decreases when the current passing through the coil exceeds the
current setting

d) The impedance changes with a change in position of the armature of the relay or
trip coil

When devices having the characteristics referred to in (a) and (b) above are set to
operate at a current differing from the rated secondary current of the transformer, the
VA burden (Pe) which is effectively imposed on the current transformer at rated
secondary current is given by the following formula:

Pe = Pr (Is/Ir)
Where Pr = the burden of the device at the current setting
Is = the rated secondary current of the transformer
Ir = the current setting of the device
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3.3.10 Rated Knee-Point e.m.f.

The normal knee-point e.m.f. on which the performance of the current transformer is
based and which is marked on the rating plate

3.3.11 Rated primary (or secondary) current

The value, marked on the rating plate, of the primary (or secondary) current upon
which the performance of a transformer is based

3.3.12 Rated highest equipment voltage Un

The highest r.m.s. phase-to-phase voltage for which the current transformer is
designed, and which is marked on the rating plate

3.3.13 Rated transformer ratio

The ratio of the rated primary current to the rated secondary current

3.3.14 Secondary circuit

The external circuit supplied by the secondary winding of a transformer

3.3.15 Secondary Exciting current

The r.m.s. value of the current taken by the secondary winding of a current
transformer when sinusoidal voltage of rated frequency is applied to the secondary
terminal's with the primary and any other windings being open-circuited

3.3.16 Secondary winding

The winding, which supplies the current circuits of measuring instruments, meters
relays or similar apparatus.

3.4 Abbreviations
None

3.5 Roles and Responsibilities

The Grid secondary Plant Managers are responsible for ensuring that the Secondary Plant
Technicians for that Grid know and use this procedure for the testing and commissioning of Current
Transformers. The Secondary Plant Technicians are responsible to ensure that drawings, panel test
sheets and all test results are kept at the relevant locations.

3.6 Implementation Date

The implementation date is October 2006
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CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
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3.7 Process for monitoring

As per the prescribed recommendations and procedures.

3.8 Related/Supporting Documents

None

4 Authorisation
This document has been seen and accepted by:

Name Designation
R Matshidza Secondary Plant manager NE Grid
IS Worthington Secondary Plant Manager S Grid
JO Pieterse Secondary Plant Manager NW Grid
K Govender Secondary Plant Manager E Grid
N Sipunzi Secondary Plant Manager W Grid
P Grobler Secondary Plant Manager N Grid
C Ramgovind Secondary Plant Manager C Grid

5 Revisions
Date Rev. Remarks

October 2006 0 Change Procedure to new document format.

6 Development team
Secondary plant documentation team
SECONDARY PLANT COMMISSIONING OF Reference: TPC41-139
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
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7 Appendix

TEST SHEET
No of Pages 4

SECONDARY PLANT COMMISSIONING OF

CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

Station : Circuit : Date:

Primary kV File Phase :
Voltage name

1. NAME PLATE DETAILS :

Manufacture : Type : IL:

Serial Number : Year of I stc :
Manufacture.
I nominal :
2. RATING PLATE DETAILS :
CORE No VA RATING CLASS / ALF USED RATIO PURPOSE
1
2
3
4
5
6
3. INSULATION TEST

1. Primary to Secondary and Earth : 5kV (Earth all secondary cores.)

Core number 1 2 3 4 5 6
M ohm

2. Between Secondary Cores : 500 Volt.

Core number 1 to the rest shorted and M
earthed:
Core number 2 to the rest shorted and M
earthed:
Core number 3 to the rest shorted and M
earthed:
Core number 4 to the rest shorted and M
earthed:
Core number 5 to the rest shorted and M
earthed:
Core number 6 to the rest shorted and M
earthed:
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4. SECONDARY CORE TESTS (MEASURED)

4.1 Secondary Winding Resistance
CORE No Winding Resistance at Winding Resistance at Winding Resistance Winding Resistance
Max. Ratio in ohms Max Ratio corrected to at Service ratio in at Service Ratio
75 (Optional) ohms corrected to 75
(Optional)
1
2
3
4
5
6

4.2 Lead and Equipment and Total Burden

CORE No Lead Loop Resistance in ohms Equipment Burden in ohms Total Burden in ohms
1
2
3
4
5
6

5. CT RATIO TESTS

Core Connections Name Plate Measured Ratio % Error

Ratio
I I secondary Actual
primary Ratio
eg. 1 1S1 - 1S2 200/1 200 900,9 mA 222 (222 - 200)/200 *
100
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6. MAGNETISATION CURVES OR COMPUTER TESTING AT SERVICE RATIO

(Use minimum ratio if the service ratio is unknown)

6.1. Manual
Core 1 Core 2 Core 3 Core 4 Core 5 Core 6
Volt mA Volt mA Volt mA Volt mA Volt mA Volt mA

OR

6.2. Computer magnetisation curve testing

Core File name
No
1
2
3
4
5
6

Note: Printout of magnetisation curves done with an automated test unit shall be attached to this test
sheet.
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7. POLARITY

Polarity correct (Y/N)

All tap positions on all windigs of all cores

8. CHECKS

(Y/N)
SF6. CT
Gas pressure correct
SF6 alarm contacts operational
Oil CT
Is the CT oil level correct?
Are the gaskets and cover plate seals in good condition?
Futher Checks
Manufacturers specification and test sheets attached
Location correct
Correct Primary Orientation
Primary Earthing correct
Test windings Open circuit and earth at one point ( if applicable)
Spare cores are shorted out and earthed
Unused taps on used cores neither Shorted out or Earthed
All used cores only earthed at one point

COMMENTS

Print Name : Signature :

Protection Department