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Notation: A area
x, y distances to centroid C
Ix, Iy moments of inertia with respect to the x and y axes,
respectively
Ixy product of inertia with respect to the x and y axes
IP Ix Iy polar moment of inertia with respect to the origin of
the x and y axes
IBB moment of inertia with respect to axis B-B
966
APPENDIX D Properties of Plane Areas 967
O
C y
x 5p
16
Ix 1 r 4
0.01825r 4
1
p
Iy IBB r 4
0.1370r4
3 16
y a a
r
A r 2(a sin a cos a)
2r
y 3
sin3 a
a sin a cos a
r4
O x Ix (a sin a cos a 2 sin3 a cos a) Ixy 0
4
r4
Iy (3a 3 sin a cos a 2 sin3 a cos a)
12
y
15 a Circle with core removed (Origin of axes at center of circle)
a angle in radians (a , p/2)
r a
b a
a arccos
r
b
r 2 a2
ab
A 2r 2 a
r2
C x
a
b
r4
6 3ab
Ix 3a
r
2ab3
2
r4 r4
ab
Iy a
2 r
2ab3
2
r4 Ixy 0
2a
x
y = f (x)
x2
y f (x) h 1 2
b
h
C y 2 bh 3b 2h
A x y
x 3 8 5
O b
16bh3 2hb3 b2h2
Ix Iy Ixy
105 15 12
970 APPENDIX D Properties of Plane Areas
y
18 Parabolic spandrel (Origin of axes at vertex)
y = f (x)
hx2
x
h y f (x)
b2
ertex
V
C y bh 3b 3h
O x A x y
b
3 4 10
bh3 hb3 b2h2
Ix Iy Ixy
21 5 12
19 y Semisegment of nth degree (Origin of axes at corner)
y = f (x)
x xn
y f (x) h 1
bn (n 0 0)
h
C
y
x
n
A bh
n1 b(n 1)
x
2(n 2)
y
hn
2n 1
O
b 2bh3n3 hb3n b2h2n2
Ix Iy Ixy
(n 1)(2n 1)(3n 1) 3(n 3) 4(n 1)(n 2)
20 y Spandrel of nth degree (Origin of axes at point of tangency)
y = f (x) hx n
y f (x) (n 0 0)
bn
x h
bh b(n 1) h(n 1)
A x y
C y n1 n2 2(2n 1)
O x
b bh3 hb3 b2h2
Ix Iy Ixy
3(3n 1) n3 4(n 1)
21 y Sine wave (Origin of axes at centroid)
4bh ph
A y
p 8
h C x
y
B
b b
9p 16
BIx 8 p bh3
0.08659bh3
4 32
Iy 3 hb3
0.2412hb3
p p
3
8bh
Ixy 0 IBB
9p
23 y
Thin circular arc (Origin of axes at center of circle)
t Approximate formulas for case when t is small
b angle in radians (Note: For a semicircular arc, b p/2.)
B B
C
r sin b
b b y A 2brt y b
r
x Ix r 3t(b sin b cos b) Iy r 3t(b sin b cos b)
O
2b sin2b 1 cos2b
Ixy 0
IBB r 3t
2 b
24 y Thin rectangle (Origin of axes at centroid)
Approximate formulas for case when t is small
b A bt
b
C tb3 tb3 tb3
x Ix sin2 b Iy cos2 b IBB sin2 b
12 12 3
t
B B
25 Regular polygon with n sides (Origin of axes at centroid)
A
b B C centroid (at center of polygon)
R1 R2
b n number of sides (n 5 3) b length of a side
b central angle for a side a interior angle (or vertex angle)
C
a
360
b
n
n2
a 180
n a b 180
R1 radius of circumscribed circle (line CA) R2 radius of inscribed circle (line CB)
2
b b b b nb b
R1 csc R2 cot A cot
2 2 2 2 4 2
Ic moment of inertia about any axis through C (the centroid C is a principal point and
every axis through C is a principal axis)
nb4
192 b
2 b
Ic cot 3cot2 1
2 IP 2Ic