TECTONIC SETTING, MAGMATISM,

VOLCANISME, & MINERAL DEPOSITS

[2]
Okki Verdiansyah MT

KULIAH ENDAPAN MINERAL STTNAS

SEMESTER GENAP - 2016
INDONESIA GOLD DEPOSIT Indonesia tectonic belt X
Indonesia_mineral deposits
Indonesia_mineral occurences

SEA Tectonic Belt

Porphyry-related Sunda Banda
High sulfidation, SedHosted Central Kalimantan
Vein type
Sulu Zamboanga
Tangse
Sulawesi Sangihe
Beutong Ambon
Abong (0.4 Moz) Sangihe
Kelian (2 Moz) Halmahera
XX
(7.7 Moz)
X XX
X X X
Messel Medial New Guinea
X
Martabe (2 Moz) Gosowong
X
X (4.16 Moz)
X
(4.4 Moz) Inner Melanesian
X
X X
X
XXX
XX
X XXX X X X
X
X Maramuni
XXX
XX X XXX X
X
XX
X X XXX
XX
X
X
Miwah X XX X XXXXX XX
X
X X X X XX X
X XX
X X XX
X
X
X
X
X X XX
XXXX
XX
XX
XX XXXXX
XX X XX
X XX
X X
X
(3.28 Moz)
XX
X
XX X X
X
X
X
X Way Lingo
XX
XX
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
XXXXXX
XX
X
X
Wabu Moon Utawa
XX X X X X X XX XX X
X
XXX XX XX XX
X
XX
X XX (0.25
X Moz) X
XX X
X
X X X X X X
XX
X
X Ersberg
X
X X X X XX
X X X
X XX X
X XXX X X X
X
X X XX XX X
XX
XX XXXX X XX X
XX
X X XXXXXX
X X X X X XX
X
XX X X XX
Sihayo X
XX
XX
X
X
XX X
XX XX X
XX
X
XX
X
X
X
X X
X XX
X
XX
(1.4 Moz) X
XX X
X
XX
X Porgera Wagi Golfu
XX Pongkor XX
X
X
X X
X
XX X
X
XXX
X
XX X
X (3.62 Moz) X
XXX X X
X Batu Hijau X
Awak M,as
X
X
X
X
XX XX
X
X
X (7.6 Moz) (1.7 Moz)
X
X
XXXXX X X
XX
X
X X XXX
XX X X X X X
Kodu
XX X XX XX
X
XXXX XX
X
X X
X
X
XX
XX
XX
X XXX XX X X
X XX XX
X XX X X
XX
XXX XX
X X X
Cibaliung X X
X
(0.32 Moz) X
X X
X
Grasberg
Lebong Tandai X (35.5 Moz) OK Tedi
(1.4 Moz) (17.5 Moz)
Lebong Donok
Cikotok
(1.3 Moz)
(0.22 Moz) Tujuh Bukit
Randu Kuning (HS: 2.1Moz)
(1.46 Moz) (Por: 14 Moz )

Tectonic belt from USGS, 2012

SUBJECT
1) Earth Structure
2) Plate Tectonic vs Plume Tectonic Review
3) Magmatisme
4) Volcanisme
5) Hydrothermal
6) Metallogeny, mineral deposit
Earth
The Earth is made up
Mantle
of 3 main layers:
Core
Mantle
Outer core
Crust
Inner core

Crust
Ocean-ocean Island Arc (IA)
Ocean-continent Continental Arc or Active Continental Margin (ACM)

Principal subduction zones associated with orogenic volcanism and plutonism. Triangles are on the overriding plate. PBS =
Papuan-Bismarck-Solomon-New Hebrides arc. After Wilson (1989) Igneous Petrogenesis, Allen Unwin/Kluwer.
Continental margin
Island Arc
Structure of an Island Arc

Schematic cross section through a typical island arc after Gill (1981), Orogenic Andesites and Plate
Tectonics. Springer-Verlag. HFU= heat flow unit (4.2 x 10-6 joules/cm2/sec)
Southeast Pasific rim Au-Cu mineralisation
 OCEANIC BASALT VOLCANO
Igneous Petrogenesis SEAMOUNT INDIAN OCEAN

1. Mid-ocean ridges
2. Continental rifts
3. Island Arcs
4. Active continental margins
5. Back-arc basins
6. Ocean Islands
7. Intraplate hotspot activity,
carbonatites, or kimberlites
Adapted from Winter (2001)
Calc alkaline magmatism and the MASH process
the uniform compositions of continental arc magmas are
generated through interaction between primitive arc
magmas and the continental lithosphere, by processes
including:
Melting of crustal rocks;
Assimilation of crustal rocks;
Storage of magma in lower crustal dike/sill complexes;
Homogenization to form hybrid calc alkaline magmas.

Richards(2004)
Upper crustal sub-
volcanic magma
chamber formed at
basement-
supracrustal contact

Richards(2004)
 CRUSTAL TYPES
of
GRANITOIDS
based on the
magma source model

M=mantle
I=igneous
S=sedimentary
R(A)= residual

Borg et al 1990, JGR, v95, p6647

FRACTIONATION
Represented by
Rb/Sr v SiO2
Increases with SiO2
K and volatile
elements
Au is with the less
fractionated
intrusions,
but favours the
volatile phase in any
system
Therefore is best at
moderate
fractionation in
mafic suites
This figure is of a
continental suite with
limited mafic
members, so the gold
is in Cu-Mo and
Mo-W-Bi
associations
 Active geothermal systems and hydrothermal ore deposit

HEAT MAGMATIC AMAGMATIC

SOURCE
CONTINENTAL
HOST OCEANIC CRUST PLATE MARGIN CRUST

GEOTHERMAL HOT BACK ARC & CRUSTAL INTERIOR

OCEANIC MAGMATIC
SYSTEM SPOT CONTINENTAL FAULTING BASIN
RIFTING ARC
RIFYING
PORPHYRY Cu-Au-Mo POST- MISSISIPI
ORE VOLCANOGENIC EPITHERMAL
SKARN METAMORPHIC VALLEY
DEPOSTS MASSIVE SULFIDE Au-Ag
INTRUSION RELATED Q-Au BASE
GRANITIC
Cu-Au-Zn-Pb SHEAR METALS
Sn-W-Mo
ZONES

Tatanan tektonik geotermal aktif dan posisi tipe deposit

(Groves et al 1998 ; Corbett & Leach, 1997)
Schematic section showing the depositional environment and crustal depth of the
main gold and porphyry copper systems. Modified from Poulsen et al. (2000) and Robert
(2004)
GUNUNG API (MAGMATIC ARC)

Bagaimana asosiasi endapan

epitermal terhadap litologi penyusun
Gunung Api
HS : ?
IS : ?
LS : ?

Pembagian fasies gunung api (Bogie & Mackenzie, 1998 dalam Bronto, S, 2006
SOUTHEAST ASIA TERRANE

(dalam Khin Zaw et al, 2013)

Schematic diagrams of tectonic and metallogenic evolution of mainland SE Asia

a. Late CarboniferousEarly
Permian (300290 Ma) setting
during formation of the
Truong Son Fold Belt and
related porphyry-related skarn
coppergold at Phu Kham and
sediment-hosted Au
mineralization at Sepon;
b. Late PermianEarly to
Middle Triassic (250230 Ma)
setting during formation of
the Loei Fold Belt and related
porphyry-related skarn
coppergold and epithermal
gold mineralization;
c. Late TriassicJurassic (210
190 Ma) setting during
formation of collisional and
post-collisional related
sediment-hosted/orogenic
gold mineralization;
d. Early Cretaceous (140120
Ma) setting during subduction
of the Mesotethys beneath
Sibumasu and later the West
MyanmarWest Sumatra
terranes;
e. Neogene to Recent (255
Ma) setting during formation
of subduction-related
porphyry, epithermal copper
molybdenumgold, copper
gold, copper and gold
mineralization.

(dalam Khin Zaw et al, 2013)

Three major episodes of gold deposit formation are recognized in Southeast Asia,
including Early Miocene, Middle to Late Miocene and Plio-Pliestocene. These
epochs may reflect plate tectonic collisions and reorganization, with the youngest
episode related to collisions in Taiwan (5 Ma) and the Banda arc (4 to 3 Ma).
Uplift and erosion of pre-Pliocene deposits may also contribute to the relative
abundance of young deposits.
INDONESIA GOLD DEPOSIT Indonesia tectonic belt X
Indonesia_mineral deposits
Indonesia_mineral occurences

SEA Tectonic Belt

Porphyry-related Sunda Banda
High sulfidation, SedHosted Central Kalimantan
Vein type
Sulu Zamboanga
Tangse
Sulawesi Sangihe
Beutong Ambon
Abong (0.4 Moz) Sangihe
Kelian (2 Moz) Halmahera
XX
(7.7 Moz)
X XX
X X X
Messel Medial New Guinea
X
Martabe (2 Moz) Gosowong
X
X (4.16 Moz)
X
(4.4 Moz) Inner Melanesian
X
X X
X
XXX
XX
X XXX X X X
X
X Maramuni
XXX
XX X XXX X
X
XX
X X XXX
XX
X
X
Miwah X XX X XXXXX XX
X
X X X X XX X
X XX
X X XX
X
X
X
X
X X XX
XXXX
XX
XX
XX XXXXX
XX X XX
X XX
X X
X
(3.28 Moz)
XX
X
XX X X
X
X
X
X Way Lingo
XX
XX
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
XXXXXX
XX
X
X
Wabu Moon Utawa
XX X X X X X XX XX X
X
XXX XX XX XX
X
XX
X XX (0.25
X Moz) X
XX X
X
X X X X X X
XX
X
X Ersberg
X
X X X X XX
X X X
X XX X
X XXX X X X
X
X X XX XX X
XX
XX XXXX X XX X
XX
X X XXXXXX
X X X X X XX
X
XX X X XX
Sihayo X
XX
XX
X
X
XX X
XX XX X
XX
X
XX
X
X
X
X X
X XX
X
XX
(1.4 Moz) X
XX X
X
XX
X Porgera Wagi Golfu
XX Pongkor XX
X
X
X X
X
XX X
X
XXX
X
XX X
X (3.62 Moz) X
XXX X X
X Batu Hijau X
Awak M,as
X
X
X
X
XX XX
X
X
X (7.6 Moz) (1.7 Moz)
X
X
XXXXX X X
XX
X
X X XXX
XX X X X X X
Kodu
XX X XX XX
X
XXXX XX
X
X X
X
X
XX
XX
XX
X XXX XX X X
X XX XX
X XX X X
XX
XXX XX
X X X
Cibaliung X X
X
(0.32 Moz) X
X X
X
Grasberg
Lebong Tandai X (35.5 Moz) OK Tedi
(1.4 Moz) (17.5 Moz)
Lebong Donok
Cikotok
(1.3 Moz)
(0.22 Moz) Tujuh Bukit
Randu Kuning (HS: 2.1Moz)
(1.46 Moz) (Por: 14 Moz )

Tectonic belt from USGS, 2012