KAU Design Concept HVAC Ver.

000

Cooling Load Method CLTD

Default Input Data Criteria

* Default data to use only for spaces that hasn't an actual value or not listed in the following tables, otherwise the real value to be used
1) Climatic conditions

Outside DB temperature 110 F

Outside WB temperature 86 F
Daily temp range 22.5F
Latitude 21.7 N
Longitude 39.18 E
Elevation (Altitude) 56 Feet
Ref. *ASHARAE Fundumental 2013, Ch. 14 CLIMATIC DESIGN INFORMATION
2) Building Material Data

External Walls U= 0.11 Btu/hr ft2 F

Partition Walls U= 0.38 Btu/hr ft2 F Temp. Diff. 10F
Flooring/Ceiling Partition U= 0.38 Btu/hr ft2 F Temp. Diff. 10F
Roof U= 0.15 Btu/hr ft2 F
Glass
U= 0.44 Btu/hr ft2 F
Shading Coef = 0.5
Clearance Factor = 1
Door U= 0.6 Btu/hr ft2 F Ref. SBC 601 Energy Conservation
Skylight (double Glazing) U= 1.4 Btu/hr ft2 F Ref. SBC 601 Energy Conservation
Ref. *Assumed as per common Arch. Material selection (vary as per final approval)
3) Electrical Input Criteria

Lighting Criteria 3 W / Ft2 Unless space is not listed in Lighting Power Densities tables , use this value
Equipment Criteria 1 W / Ft2 Unless space is not listed inEqupment heat gain tables, use this value

4) People Criteria Unless space is not listed in ventillation tables, use the following value

Density 80 Ft2 / Person

Activity Level Office Work

5) HVAC Equipment Criteria

System Type VAV Ref. *Design Concept

Leaving DB Temp. 56 F Ref. *Design Concept
Buildings that connected to Central Utility Planet CUP
Chiller Entering Temp. Diff. 60 F Ref. *Obtained from CUP
ChillerWater Leaving Temp. 46 F Ref. *Obtained from CUP
Buildings that connected to Stand alone chiller
Chiller Entering Temp. Diff. 58 F Ref. *Design Concept
ChillerWater Leaving Temp. 42 F Ref. *Design Concept
Ductwork Temp. Change
Summer Rise
Supply = 1
Supply = 0.25
Unconditioned temperature for partitions is 86 F

6) Indoor temperature condition

74 F DB
50% RH
Ref. *ASHARAE Application 2011, Ch. 7 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

7) Fresh air

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Ref. *ASHRAE Standard 62-2007 - Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
Ventilation Table 6-1

Area
People Outdoor Combined Outdoor
Outdoor Air Occupant Density (1)
Space Air Rate Air Rate (2)
Rate
CFM/Person CFM/Ft2 #/1000 Ft2 or #/100 m2 CFM/Person
Lecture classroom 7.5 0.06 65 8
Lecture hall (fixed seats) 7.5 0.06 150 8
Science laboratories 10 0.18 25 17
University / college laboratories 10 0.18 25 17
Computer lap 10 0.12 25 15
Office Space 5 0.06 5 17
Reception Area 5 0.06 30 7
Telephone / Data Entry 5 0.06 60 6
Main Entry Lobbies 5 0.06 10 11
Lobbies 7.5 0.06 30 10
Corridors - 0.06 - -
Media center 10 0.12 25 15
Theater 10 0.06 35 12
Restaurant dining rooms 7.5 0.18 70 10
Cafeteria / Fast-food dinning 7.5 0.18 100 9
Conference / meeting 5 0.06 50 6
Storage rooms - 0.12 - -
Bedroomlliving room 5 0.06 10 11
Laundry Room 5 0.12 10 17
Electrical equipment Rooms - 0.06 - -
rooms
Elevator machine rooms - 0.12 - -
Transportation waiting 7.5 0.06 100 8
Auditorium seating area 5 0.06 150 5
Places of religious (Masjid) 5 0.06 120 6
Libraries 5 0.12 10 17
Swimming (pool & deck) - 0.48 - -

(1) Default occupant density: The default occupant density shall be used when actual occupant density is not known
(2) Default combined outdoor air rate (per person): This rate is based on the default occupant density
(3) Smoking: This table applies to no-smoking areas. Rates for smoking-permitted spaces must be determined using other method
(4) Unlisted occupancies: If the occupancy category for a proposed space or zone is not listed, the requirements for the listed occupancy category that is most
similar in terms of
occupant density, activities and building construction shall be used

Exhaust Table 6-4

Exhaust Rate Exhaust Rate

Space
CFM/Unit CFM/Ft2
Copy, printing rooms - 0.50
Educational science laboratories - 1.00
Janitor closets, trash rooms, recycling - 1.00
Kitchenettes - 0.30
Residential kitchens 50 / 100 -
Locker rooms - 0.50
Parking garages - 0.75
Pet shops (animal areas) - 0.90
Storage rooms, chemical - 1.50
Toilets - Private 25 / 50 -
Toilets - Public 50 / 70 -

8) Lighting Power Densities

Ref. *ASHARAE Fundumental 2013, Ch. 18 Nonresidential Cooling and Heating Load Calculations

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Lighting Power Densities Using Space-by-Space Method Table 2

Space W / Ft2
Classroom/lecture/training 1.24
Conference/meeting/multipurpose 1.23
Corridor/transition 0.66
Electrical/mechanical 0.95
Food preparation 0.99
Lobby 0.90
Lounge/recreation 0.73
Locker room 0.75
Restrooms (Toillet) 0.98
Stairway 0.69
Exhibit space 1.45
Storage 0.63
Religious buildings 1.53
Warehouse
Fine material storage 0.95
Medium/bulky material storage 0.58
Atrium
First 40 ft in height 0.03 per ft
(height)
Height above 40 ft 0.02 per ft
(height)
Office
Enclosed 1.11
Open plan 0.98
Laboratory
For classrooms 1.28
For medical/industrial/research 1.81
Library
Card file and cataloging 0.72
Reading area 0.93
Stacks 1.71
Hospital
Corridor/transition 0.89
Emergency 2.26
Exam/treatment 1.66
Laundry/washing 0.60
Lounge/recreation 1.07
Medical supply 1.27
Nursery 0.88
Nurses station 0.87
Operating room 1.89
Patient room 0.62
Pharmacy 1.14
Physical therapy 0.91
Radiology/imaging 1.32
Recovery 1.15

9) Equipment Heat Dissipation

Recommended
Ref.
Rates of Radiant and Convective Heat Gain from Unhooded *ASHARAE
Electric AppliancesFundamental 2013, Ch. 18 Nonresidential Cooling and Heating Load Calculations
During Idle (Ready-to-Cook) Conditions Table 5A

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Rate of Heat Gain, Btu/h

Appliance Sensible Sensible
Latent Total
Radiant Convective
Cabinet: hot serving (large), insulated* 400 800 0 1200
hot serving (large), uninsulated 700 2800 0 3500
proofing (large)* 1200 0 200 1400
proofing (small 15-shelf) 0 900 3000 3900
Coffee brewing urn 200 300 700 1200
Drawer warmers, 2-drawer (moist holding)* 0 0 200 200
Egg cooker 300 400 0 700
Espresso machine* 400 800 0 1200
Food warmer: steam table (2-well-type) 300 600 2600 3500
Freezer (small) 500 600 0 1100
Hot dog roller* 900 1500 0 2400
Hot plate: single burner, high speed 900 2100 0 3000
Hot-food case (dry holding)* 900 1600 0 2500
Hot-food case (moist holding)* 900 1800 600 3300
Microwave oven: commercial (heavy duty) 0 0 0 0
Oven: countertop conveyorized bake/finishing* 2200 10400 0 12600
Panini* 1200 2000 0 3200
Popcorn popper* 100 100 0 200
Rapid-cook oven (quartz-halogen)* 0 0 0 0
Rapid-cook oven (microwave/convection)* 1000 3100 0 1000
Reach-in refrigerator* 300 900 0 1200
Refrigerated prep table* 600 300 0 900
Steamer (bun) 600 100 0 700
Toaster: 4-slice pop up (large): cooking 200 1400 1000 2600
contact (vertical) 2700 2600 0 5300
conveyor (large) 3000 7300 0 10300
small conveyor 400 3300 0 3700
Waffle iron 800 400 0 1200

Recommended Rates of Radiant Heat Gain from Hooded Electric Appliances During Idle (Ready-to-Cook) Conditions Table 5B

Rate of Heat
Gain, Btu/h
Appliance
Sensible
Radiant
Broiler: underfired 3 ft 10800
Cheesemelter* 4600
Fryer: kettle 500
Fryer: open deep-fat, 1-vat 1000
Fryer: pressure 500
Griddle: double sided 3 ft (clamshell down)* 1400
Griddle: double sided 3 ft (clamshell up)* 3600
Griddle: flat 3 ft 4500
Griddle-small 3 ft* 2700
Induction cooktop* 0
Induction wok* 0
Oven: combi: combi-mode* 800
Oven: combi: convection mode 1400
Oven: convection full-size 1500
Oven: convection half-size* 500
Pasta cooker* 0
Range top: top off/oven on* 1000
Range top: 3 elements on/oven off 6300
Range top: 6 elements on/oven off 13900
Range top: 6 elements on/oven on 14500
Range: hot-top 11800
Rotisserie* 4500
Salamander* 7000
Steam kettle: large (60 gal) simmer lid down* 100
Steam kettle: small (40 gal) simmer lid down* 300
Steamer: compartment: atmospheric* 200
Tilting skillet/braising pan 0

Recommended Rates of Radiant Heat Gain from Hooded Gas Appliances During Idle (Ready-to-Cook) Conditions Table 5C

Rate of Heat
Gain, Btu/h
Appliance

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Appliance
Sensible
Radiant
Broiler: batch* 8100
Broiler: chain (conveyor) 13200
Broiler: overfired (upright)* 2500
Broiler: underfired 3 ft 9000
Fryer: doughnut 2900
Fryer: open deep-fat, 1 vat 1100
Fryer: pressure 800
Griddle: double sided 3 ft (clamshell down)* 1800
Griddle: double sided 3 ft (clamshell up)* 4900
Griddle: flat 3 ft 3700
Oven: combi: combi-mode* 400
Oven: combi: convection mode 1000
Oven: convection full-size 1000
Oven: conveyor (pizza) 7800
Oven: deck 3500
Oven: rack mini-rotating* 1100
Pasta cooker* 0
Range top: top off/oven on* 2000
Range top: 3 burners on/oven off 7100
Range top: 6 burners on/oven off 11500
Range top: 6 burners on/oven on 13600
Range: wok* 5200
Rethermalizer* 11500
Rice cooker* 300
Salamander* 5300
Steam kettle: large (60 gal) simmer lid down* 0
Steam kettle: small (10 gal) simmer lid down* 300
Steam kettle: small (40 gal) simmer lid down 0
Steamer: compartment: atmospheric* 0
Tilting skillet/braising pan 400

Recommended Heat Gain from

Miscellaneous Office Equipment Table 10

Recommended
Recommended Rate
Rate
of Heat Gain
Equipment of Heat Gain Equipment

W W
Mail-processing equipment Microfiche reader 85
Folding machine Microfilm reader 520
Inserting machine, 3600 to 6800 pieces/h 390 to 2150 Microfilm reader/printer 1150
Labeling machine, 1500 to 30,000 pieces/h 390 to 4300 Microwave oven, 1 ft3 400
Postage meter 150 Paper shredder 200 to 2420
Vending machines Water cooler, 32 qt/h 350
Cigarette 72 Computer 97 table 8
Cold food/beverage 575 to 960 Flat Panel Monitor 400 table 8
Hot beverage 862 Laser Printer 130 table 9
Snack 240 to 275 Scanner 16 table 9
Other Copy machine 1850 table 9
Bar code printer 370 Fax machine medium 936 table 9
Cash registers 48 Fax machine small 40 table 9
Check processing workstation, 12 pockets 2470 Plotter 456 table 9
Coffee maker, 10 cups 1050 W sens.,
1540 Btu/h latent

Medical spaces

10) Fresh air

Ventilation for Health care Facilities Table E-1

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Ref. *ASHRAE Standard 62-2007 - Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

Estimated Max. Outdoor Air

Outdoor Air Requirement
Occupancy Requirement
Space
#/1000 Ft2 or
CFM/Person CFM/Ft2
#/100 m2
Patient rooms 10 25 -
Medical procedure 20 15 -
Operating rooms 20 30 -
Recovery and ICU 20 15 -
Autopsy rooms 20 - 0.5
Physical therapy 20 15 -

11) Medical Equipment Heat Dissipation

Recommended Heat Gain from Ref. *ASHARAE Fundamental 2013, Ch. 18 Nonresidential Cooling and Heating Load Calculations
Typical Medical Equipment Table 6

Average
Equipment
W
Anesthesia system 166
Blanket warmer 221
Blood pressure meter 29
Blood warmer 114
ECG/RESP 50
Electrosurgery 109
Endoscope 596
Harmonical scalpel 59
Hysteroscopic pump 34
Laser sonics 229
Optical microscope 63
Pulse oximeter 20
Stress treadmill 173
Ultrasound system 1050
Vacuum suction 302
X-ray system 480

Recommended Heat Gain fr

omTypical Laboratory Equipment Table 7

Average
Equipment
W
Analytical balance 7
Centrifuge 730
Electrochemical analyzer 84
Flame photometer 105
Fluorescent microscope 178
Function generator 29
Incubator 1222
Orbital shaker 16
Oscilloscope 97
Rotary evaporator 73
Spectronics 31
Spectrophotometer 125
Spectro fluorometer 395
Thermocycler 641
Tissue culture 1146

12) Air Pressure and Air Circulation Condition for medical spaces
Ref. *ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2008 170-2008 Ventilation of health care facilities
Design Parameters Table 7-1

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Presure Air Design

Minimum All Room Air
Relationship to Recirculated by
Function of Space Outdoor Minimum Total ACH Exhausted Directly RH (K) % Temperature (I)
Adjacent Areas Means of Room
(n)
ACH to Outdoors (j)
Units (a)

F / C
SURGERY AND CRITICAL CARE
Classes B and C operating rooms, (m), (n), (o) Positive 4 20 N/R No 30-60 68-75/20-24
Operating/surgical cystoscopic rooms, (m), (n), (o) Positive 4 20 N/R No 30-60 68-75/20-24
Delivery room (Caesarean) (m), (n), (o) Positive 4 20 N/R No 30-60 68-75/20-24
Substerile service area N/R 2 6 N/R No N/R N/R
Recovery room N/R 2 6 N/R No 30-60 70-75/21-24
Critical and intensive care Positive 2 6 N/R No 30-60 70-75/21-24
Wound intensive care (burn unit) Positive 2 6 N/R No 40-60 70-75/21-24
Newborn intensive care Positive 2 6 N/R No 30-60 70-75/21-24
Treatment room (p) N/R 2 6 N/R N/R 30-60 70-75/21-24
Trauma room (crisis or shock) ( c ) Positive 3 15 N/R No 30-60 70-75/21-24
Medical/anesthesia gas storage ( r ) Negative N/R 8 Yes N/R N/R N/R
Laser eye room Positive 3 15 N/R No 30-60 70-75/21-24
ER waiting rooms (q) Negative 2 12 Yes N/R max 65 70-75/21-24
Triage Negative 2 12 Yes N/R max 60 70-75/21-24
ER decontamination Negative 2 12 Yes No N/R N/R
Radiology waiting rooms (q) Negative 2 12 Yes N/R max 60 70-75/21-24
Class A Operating/Procedure room (o), (d) Positive 3 15 N/R No 30-60 70-75/21-24
INPATINENT NURSING
Patient room (s) N/R 2 6 N/R N/R max 60 70-75/21-24
Toilet room Negative N/R 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Newborn nursery suite N/R 2 6 N/R No 30-60 72-78/22-26
Protective enviroment room (f), (n), (t) Positive 2 12 N/R No max 60 70-75/21-24
All room (e), (n), (u) Negative 2 12 Yes No max 60 70-75/21-24
All isolation anteroom (t), (u) N/R N/R 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum (LDRP) (s) N/R 2 6 N/R N/R max 60 70-75/21-24
Labor/delivery/recovery (LDR) (s) N/R 2 6 N/R N/R max 60 70-75/21-24
Corridor N/R N/R 2 N/R N/R N/R N/R
SKILLED NURSING FACILITY
Resident room N/R 2 2 N/R N/R N/R 70-75/21-24
Resident gathering/activity/dining N/R 4 4 N/R N/R N/R 70-75/21-24
Physical therapy Negative 2 6 N/R N/R N/R 70-75/21-24
Occupational therapy N/R 2 6 N/R N/R N/R 70-75/21-24
Bathing room Negative N/R 10 Yes N/R N/R 70-75/21-24
RADIOLOGY (V)
X-ray (diagnostic and treatment) N/R 2 6 N/R N/R max 60 72-78/22-26
X-ray (surgery/critical care and catheterization) Positive 3 15 N/R No max 60 70-75/21-24
Darkroom (g) Negative 2 10 Yes No N/R N/R
DLAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT
Bronchoscopy, sputum collection, and pentamidine Negative 2 12 Yes No N/R 68-73/20-23
administration (n) (v)
Laboratory, general Negative 2 6 N/R No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, bacteriology (v) Negative 2 6 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, biochemistry (v) Negative 2 6 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, cytology (v) Negative 2 6 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, glasswashing Negative 2 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Laboratory, histology (v) Negative 2 6 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, microbiology (v) Negative 2 6 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, nuclear medicine (v) Negative 2 6 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, pathology (v) Negative 2 6 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, serology (v) Negative 2 6 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, sterilizing Negative 2 10 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Laboratory, media transfer (v) Positive 2 4 N/R No N/R 70-75/21-24
Autopsy room (n) Negative 2 12 Yes No N/R 68-75/20-24
Nourefrigerated body-holding room (h) Negative N/R 10 Yes No N/R 70-75/21-24
Pharmacy (b) Positive 2 4 N/R N/R N/R N/R
Examination room N/R 2 6 N/R N/R max 60 70-75/21-24
Medication room Positive 2 4 N/R N/R max 60 70-75/21-24
Endoscopey Positive 2 15 N/R No 30-60 68-73/20-23
Endoscopey cleaning Negative 2 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Treatment room N/R 2 6 N/R N/R max 60 70-75/21-24
Hydrotherapy Negative 2 6 N/R N/R N/R 72-80/22-27
Phiysical therapy Negative 2 6 N/R N/R max 65 72-80/22-27
STERILIZING
Sterilizer equipment room Negative N/R 10 Yes No N/R N/R
CENTRAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLY
Soild or decontamination room Negative 2 6 Yes No N/R 72-78/22-26
Clean workroom Positive 2 4 N/R No max 60 72-78/22-26
Sterile storage Positive 2 4 N/R N/R max 60 72-78/22-26
SERVICE

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Food preparation center (i) N/R 2 10 N/R No N/R 72-78/22-26

Warewashing Negative N/R 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Dietary storage N/R N/R 2 N/R No N/R 72-78/22-26
Laundry, general Negative 2 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Soiled linen sorting and storage Negative N/R 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Clean linen storage Positive N/R 2 N/R N/R N/R 72-78/22-26
Linen and trash chute room Negative N/R 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Bedpan room Negative N/R 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Bathroom Negative N/R 10 Yes No N/R 72-78/22-26
Janitor's closet Negative N/R 10 Yes No N/R N/R
SUPPORT SPACE
Soiled workroom or soiled holding Negative 2 10 Yes No N/R N/R
Clean workroom or clean holding Positive 2 4 N/R N/R N/R N/R
Hazardous material storage Negative 2 10 Yes No N/R N/R

(a) Recirculating room HVAC units ( with heating or cooling coils) are acceptable to achive the required air change rates. Because of the cleaning difficulty and the potential for
buildup of contamination, recirculating room units shall not be used in areas marked ''No.'' Isolation and intensive care unit rooms may be ventilated by reheat induction units in which
only the primary air supplied from a central system passes through the reheat unit. Gravity-type heating or cooling units, such as radiators or convectors, shall not be used in
operating rooms and other special care areas.

(b) Pharmacy compounding areas may have additional air change and filtring requirements beyond the minimum of this table depending on the type of pharmacy, the regulatory
requirements (which may include adoption of USP 797), the associated level of risk of the work (see USP 797), and the equipment utilized in the spaces.
(c) The tem trauma room as used herein is a first aid room and/or emergancy room used for general initial treatment of accident victims, The operating room within the trauma center
that is routinely used for emergency surgery is considered to be an operating room by this Standard.
(d) Pressure relationships need not be maintained when the room is unoccupied.

(e)Some isolation rooms may be provided with a separate anteroom, but an ante room is not required bu this standard.
(f) Protective enviroment rooms are those used for high-risk immunocompromised patients. Such rooms are positively pressurized relative to all adjoining spaces to protect the
patient.
(g) Exception: All air need not be exhausted if darkroom equipment has a scavenging exhaust duct attached and meets ventilation standards regarding NIOSH, OSHA, and local
employee exposure limits.
(h) A nonrefrigerated body-holding room is applicable only to facilities that do not perform autopsies on-site and use the space for short periods while waiting for the body to be
transferred.

(i) Minimum total air changes per hour (ach) shall be that required to provide proper makeup air to kitchen exhaust systems as specified in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 154, In some
cases, excess exfiltration or infiltration to or from exit corridors compromises the exit corridor restrictions of NFPA 90A, the pressure requirements of NFPA 96, or the maximum
defined in the table. During operation, a reduction to the number of air changes to any extent required for odor control shall be permitted when the space is not in use. (See AIA
[2006] in Informative Annex B; Bibliography.)

(j) In some areas with potential contamination and/or odor problems, exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the outdoors and not recirculated to other areas. Individual
circumstances may require special consideration for air exhausted to be outdoors, for example, intensive care units in which patients with pulmonary infiction are treated and rooms
for burn patients. To satisfy exhaust needs, constant replacement air from the outdoors is necessary when the system is in operaton.
(l) Systems shall be capable of maintaining the rooms within the range during normal operation. Lower or higher tempreture shall be permitted when patients comfort and/or medical
conditions require those conditions.
(m) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) criteria documents regarding occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases and vapors, and control of
occupational exposure to nitrous oxide indicate a need for both local exhaust (scavenging) systems and general ventilation of the areas in which the respective gases are utilized.
Refer to NFPA 99 for other requirements.

(n) If monitoring device alarms are installed, allowances shall be made to prevent nuisance alarms. Short tem excursions from required pressure relationships shall be allowed while
doors are moving or temporarily open. Simple visual methods such as smoke trail, ball-in-tube, or flutterstrip shall be permitted for verification of airflow direction. Recirculating
devices with HEPA filters shall be permitted in existing facilities as interim, supplemental enviromental control of airborne infectious agents. The design of either portable or fixed
systems should prevent stagnation and short circuiting of airflow, The desgin of such systems shall also allow for easy access for scheduled preventative maintenance and cleaning.

(o) Surgeons or surgical procedures may require room tempertures, ventilation rates, humidity ranges, and/or air distribution methods that exceed the minimum indicated ranges.
(p) Tratment room used for bronchoscopy shall be treated as bronchoscopy rooms. Treatment rooms used for procedures with nitrous oxide shall contain provisions for exhausting
anesthetic waste gases.
(q) In a recirculating ventilation system. HEPA filters shall be permitted instead of exhausting the air from these spaces to the outdoors provided the return air passes throgh the
HEPA filters before it is introduced into any other spaces. This requirement applies only to waiting rooms programmed to hold patients awaiting chest x-ray for diagnosis of respiratory
disease.
(r) See NFPA 99 for further requirements.
(s)For patient rooms, labor/delivery/recovery rooms, and labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum rooms, four total ach shall be permitted when supplemental heating and/or cooling
systems (radiant heating and cooling, baseboard heating, etc.) are used.
(t) The protective enviroment airflow design specifications protect the patient from common environmental airborne infictious microbes (i.e, Aspergillus spores). Recirculation HEPA
filters shall be permitted to increase the equivalent room air exchanges; however, the outdoor air changes are still required. Constant volume airflow is required for consistent
ventilation for the protacted environment. If the design criteria indicate that A II functions shall not be permitted.

(u) The AII room described in this standard shall be used for isolating the airborne spread of infectious diseases, such as measles, varicella, or tuberculosis. This design of A II rooms
shall include the provision for normal patient care during periods not requiring isolation precautions. Supplemental recirculating devices using HEPA filters shall be permitted in the
patient room to increas the equivalent room air exchanges; however, the outdoor air changes are still required. A II rooms that are retrofitted from standard patient rooms from which it
is impractical to exhaust directly outside may be recirculated with air from the A II room, provided that the air first passes through a HEPA filter. HEPA filtered exhaust air from A II
rooms may mix with exhaust air that serves non-A II spaces prior to being discharged directly outdoors. Rooms with reversible airflow provisions for the purpose of switching between
protective environment and AII functions shall not be permitted. See the guidlines in informative Annex B: Bibliography for more information.

(v) When required, appropriate hoods and exhaust devices for the removal of noxious gases or chemical vapors shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 99.

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