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TAREA N 09
Cdigo: 20147005E
LIMA PER
2017-I
ROCAS VOLCNICAS
El enfriamiento rpido del magma o lava que se torna en roca volcnica hace que se
formen muchos cristales pequeos, tambin llamados microcristales o granos finos, en
estas rocas. El enfriamiento rpido tambin puede formar rocas volcnicas compuestas
total o parcialmente de vidrio. Las rocas volcnicas ms comunes en la Tierra son
el basalto seguido por la andesita. Otras rocas volcnicas son la riolita, la dacita y
la traquita para mencionar unas pocas.
Las rocas volcnicas constituyen una pequea parte de las rocas que se originan a partir
de magma. Se estima que durante el Cenozoico se han generado un promedio anual de
3.7 a 4.1 km de rocas volcnicas en la Tierra, una cantidad bastante menor a los 22.1 a
29.5 km de rocas plutnicas que se creen haber formado en promedio anualmente en el
mismo lapso de tiempo.
Las rocas volcnicas pueden dividirse entre las que no tienen cristales visibles a simple
vista, es decir tienen textura afantica, y las que tienen cristales visibles a simple vista, es
decir de textura fanertica. Cuando hay grandes cristales (fenocristales), que destacan en
la matriz, se denomina textura porfrica o porfdica.
Volcanic, effusive or, more rarely, extrusive rocks are rocks formed by the cooling of lava on the
earth's surface of the magma.
The rapid cooling of magma or lava that is made in volcanic rock causes many small crystals, also
called microcrystals or fine grains, to form in these rocks. Rapid cooling can also form volcanic
rocks composed entirely or partially of glass. The most common volcanic rocks on Earth are basalt
followed by andesite. Other volcanic rocks are the rhyolite, the dacite and the traquita to mention
a few.
Volcanic rocks constitute a small part of the rocks that originate from the magma. It is estimated
that in the Cenozoic an annual average of 3.7 to 4.1 km of volcanic rocks has been generated in
the Earth, a much smaller amount to 22.1 to 29.5 km of plastic rocks that are created with a
Average in the same period of time
The volcanic rocks can be divided between those that do not have visible crystals a simple sight,
that is to say they have apantica texture, and those that have visible crystals a simple view, that is
to say of phaneritic texture. When large crystals (phenocrysts), which stand out in the matrix, are
called porphyric or porphyric texture.
In Peru, the Cordillera de los Andes is remarkable the profusion of these; Volcanic rocks are
distinguished in the upper parts of the Western Cordillera, consisting of spills, flow gaps,
agglomerates and tubes of the andesitic composition and to a lesser extent rhyolitic, dasitic, and
basaltic, etc. All rocks are represented by stratified medium and thick banks, with intercalations of
conglomerates, limestone sandstones (sedimentary rocks)