6/28/2016 CorrelationsforConversionbetweenTrueandReidVaporPressures(TVPandRVP)|CampbellTipoftheMonth

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CorrelationsforConversionbetweenTrueandReid
VaporPressures(TVPandRVP)
Accuratemeasurementandpredictionofcrudeoilandnaturalgasliquid(NGL)productsvaporpressure
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areimportantforsafestorageandtransportation,custodytransfer,minimizingvaporizationlossesand
environmentalprotection.VaporpressurespecicationsaretypicallystatedinReidVaporPressure(RVP)
1 or/andTrueVaporPressure(TVP).Inadditiontothestandardproceduresfortheirmeasurements,there
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arerigorousandshortcutmethodsfortheirestimationandconversion.

Like TherearefiguresandmonographsforconversionofRVPtoTVPforNGLs(NaturalGasLiquids)and EnglishTOTMHome

crudeoilataspecifiedtemperature.ThistipwillpresentsimplecorrelationsforconversionfromRVPto
TVPandviceversaataspecifiedtemperature.Thecorrelationsareeasytouseforhandorspreadsheet SpanishTOTMHome
0 calculations.Figuresgeneratedusingthesecorrelationswillbepresented,too.

Chapter5ofreference[1]presentsanexcellentoverviewofTVPandRVPincludingtheirdefinitions, Archives
standardproceduresfortheirmeasurementsanddiagramsfortheirconversion.Theproceedingtwo
paragraphsareextractedwithminorrevisionsfromreference[1].
June2016
TVPistheactualvaporpressureofaliquidproductataspeciedtemperatureandismeasuredwithasamplecylinder.
TVPspecicationsmustalwaysbereferencedtoatemperature,whichfrequentlyfallsbetween3050C(86122F). May2016
TVPisdifculttomeasureanddependsontheratioofthevaportoliquid,V/L,inthemeasurementdevice.IfV/L=0,the
vaporpressureisessentiallyequivalenttothebubblepointofthemixturewhichisthehighestvaporpressurevaluefor April2016
theliquid.AsV/Lincreases,i.e.,asmallamountofvaporexistsatthepointofmeasurement,themeasuredvapor
pressurewilldecrease.TherelationshipbetweenthemeasuredTVPandV/Ldependsonthecompositionofthe
March2016
mixture.Fornearpurecomponentmixtures,V/Lhaslittleeffectonthemeasuredvaporpressure.Formixtureswitha February2016
largecompositionrange,suchascrudeoilorcondensate,theeffectofV/Lonthemeasuredvaporpressurecanbe
signicant(SeeASTMD637710fordetail).Reference[1]liststheStandardsusedforTVPmeasurements. January2016
BecauseofthedifcultyinaccuratelymeasuringTVP,analternativemethodofmeasuringvaporpressureisfrequently December2015
used.ThisistheRVP.TheRVPisastandardtestsetoutinISO3007:1999,Petroleumproductsandcrudepetroleum
DeterminationofvapourpressureReidmethod.AnotherstandardthatappliestoRVPis:ASTMD32308,Standard
November2015
TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts(ReidMethod).TheRVPtestisapplicableforcrudeoils, October2015
condensates,andpetroleumproductssuchasgasoline(petrol)mixtures.Aliquidsampleiscollectedinthelower20%
chamber(seeFig5.12ofreference[1]).The80%chamber,whichislledwithair(mayalsocontainasmallamountof September2015
watervapor)atatmosphericpressure.Bothchambersarecooledto0C(32F).The80%airchamber(atatmospheric
pressure)isthenconnectedtothe20%liquidchamber.Theconnectingvalveisopenedandthecylinderisheatedina August2015
waterbathto37.8C(100F).ThepressureindicatedonthegaugeistheRVP. July2015
Reference[1]providesFigure5.14forconversionRVPtoTVPformotorgasoline(petrol)andnaturalgasoline(C5+ June2015
NGLs)atvarioustemperatures.Figure5.15ofreference[1]isanomographthatshowstheapproximaterelationship
betweenRVPandTVPforcrudeoil.ItiscommonlyusedforconvertingRVPtoTVPatcustodytransferpointswherethe May2015
vaporpressurespecicationfortheoilisaTVP,buttheactualvaporpressuremeasurementisanRVP.
April2015
VazquezEsparragozaetal.[2]presentanalgorithmtocalculateRVPwithoutperformingtheactualtest.Thealgorithm, March2015
basedonanairandwaterfreemodel,usestheGasProcessorsAssociationSoaveRedlichKwong[3]equationofstate
andassumesliquidandgasvolumesareadditive.ThisalgorithmcanbeusedtopredictRVPofanyhydrocarbon February2015
mixtureofknowncomposition.Sincethecalculationsareiterative,itshouldbeincorporatedintoageneralpurpose
processsimulator.VazquezEsparragozaetal.[2]reportedgoodagreementbetweenpredictedandexperimental January2015
values.
December2014
Riazietal.[4]presentedanewcorrelationforpredictingtheRVPofgasolineandnaphthabasedonaTVPcorrelation. November2014
Theinputparametersforthiscorrelationarethemidboilingpoint,specicgravity,criticaltemperature,andcritical
pressure,wherethecriticalpropertiesmaybeestimatedfromtheboilingpointandspecicgravityusingavailable October2014
methods.Theyevaluatedtheirproposedcorrelationwithdatacollectedon50gasolinesamplesfromcrudeoilsfrom
aroundtheworldwithAPIgravityrangesfrom41to87,averageboilingpointrangesfrom43to221C(110to430F) September2014
andRVPof0.7to115kPa(0.117psi).Theaverageerrorfromtheirproposedcorrelationisabout6kPa(0.88psi)[4]. August2014
DevelopmentofModelforMotorGasolineandNaturalGasoline July2014
TodevelopthedesiredcorrelationsforconversionofmotorgasolineandnaturalgasolineRVPtoTVPandviceversa, June2014
thistipgenerated127datapointsfromFigure5.14ofreference[1].Thesedatacoveredthefullrangesoftemperature,
RVPandTVPofFigure5.14. May2014
RVPtoTVP:ThistipusedthesedatatodeterminetheparameterstotheEquations1through3.TheAPI2517originally April2014
reportedthesameformsofequationsforcrudeoil. March2014
February2014
January2014
December2013
November2013
October2013
TVPtoRVP:SimilarlythistipproposesthefollowingequationsforconversionfromTVPtoRVP. September2013
August2013
July2013
June2013
May2013
April2013
March2013
where:
February2013
T=Temperature,C(F) January2013
RVP=ReidVaporPressure,kPa(psi) December2012
TVP=TrueVaporPressure,kPaa(psia) November2012
NotethatthevaluesofA1 ,A2 ,B1 ,andB2 aredifferentintheabovetwosetsofequations.ThevalueofCisafunction October2012
ofthechosenunits(SIversusFPS)andisconsistent.
September2012
Table1presentstheoptimizedvaluesofA1 ,A2 ,B1 ,B2 ,andCforthreesetsofdatainFPS(FootPoundSecond)andSI August2012
(SystemInternational).ThedatasetlabeledAllincluded127datapointscoveringallofthedataofcombinedmotor

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6/28/2016 CorrelationsforConversionbetweenTrueandReidVaporPressures(TVPandRVP)|CampbellTipoftheMonth
gasolineandnaturalgasoline.ThedatasetMotorGasolineandNaturalGasolinecover76and51datapointsfor July2012
motorgasolineandnaturalgasoline,respectively.Table1alsopresentstheAverageAbsolutePercentDeviation
(AAPD),theMaximumAbsolutePercentDeviation(MAPD),AverageAbsoluteDeviation(AAD),andthenumberofdata June2012
points(NP)foreachdataset.TheerroranalysisofTable1indicatesthattheaccuracyoftheproposedcorrelationsis
good.TheiraccuracyisasgoodasthequalityoftabulardatageneratedfromFigure5.14. May2012
Table1.Theoptimizedparametersformotorgasolineandnaturalgasoline April2012
March2012
February2012
January2012
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August2010
1 AAPD=AverageAbsolutePercentDeviation
2 MAPD=MaximumAbsolutePercentDeviation
July2010
3 AAD=AverageAbsoluteDeviation June2010
4 NP=NumberofdataPoints(NP)
May2010
Figures1a(SI)and1b(FPS)presentthetabulardata(generatedfromFigure5.14ofreference[1])intheformof April2010
legends.ThisfigurealsopresentsthepredictedTVPbytheproposedcorrelations(Equations1through3andthe
correspondingparameterslistedinTable1)asafunctionoftemperatureandRVPintheformofcontinuouslinesand March2010
brokenlinesformotorgasolineandnaturalgasoline,respectively.
February2010
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September2007
Figure1a.TVPasafunctionofRVPandtemperatureformotorgasolineandnaturalgasoline(typicalC5+NGLs)
August2007
July2007
June2007

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6/28/2016 CorrelationsforConversionbetweenTrueandReidVaporPressures(TVPandRVP)|CampbellTipoftheMonth
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Topics
Figure1b.TVPasafunctionofRVPandtemperatureformotorgasolineandnaturalgasoline(typicalC5+NGLs)
GasProcessing
DevelopmentofModelforCrudeOil
Mechanical
TodevelopthedesiredcorrelationsforconversionofcrudeoilRVPtoTVPandviceversa,thistipgenerated196data
pointsfromFigure5.15ofreference[1]usingthecorrelationsreportedinAPI2517.TheAPI2517equationsarethe Pipeline
sameasshowninEquations1through3.Thesedatacoveredthefullrangesoftemperature,RVPandTVPofFigure
5.15.
ProcessFacilities
ProcessSafety
RVPtoTVP:Table2presentstheAPI2517FPSparametersofA1 ,A2 ,B1 ,B2 ,andCforEquations1a,2a,and3a(T,F,
RVP,psiandTVP,psia).ThistipdeterminedtheSI(T,C,RVP,kPaandTVP,kPaa)correspondingparameters.Table2 Refining
alsopresentstheSIparameters.
ReliabilityEngineering
Table2.API2517parametersforcrudeoilTVPcalculations
(ForusewithEquations1a,2aand3a)
SupplyChain
Management
Uncategorized
WaterandCorrosion

Meta

Register
Figures2a(SI)and2b(FPS)presentthepredictedTVPbyEquations1a,2aand3aandthecorrespondingparameters Login
listedinTable2asafunctionoftemperatureandRVPforcrudeoil. EntriesRSS
TVPtoRVP:TocoverthefullrangesofFigure5.15ofreference[1],thistipproposesthefollowingequationsfor CommentsRSS
conversionofTVPtoRVP.
WordPress.org

where:

T=Temperature,C(F)

RVP=ReidVaporPressure,kPa(psi)

TVP=TrueVaporPressure,kPaa(psia)

Table3presentstheoptimizedvaluesofA1 ,A2 ,A3 ,B1 ,B2 ,B3 ,andCforRVPcalculationinFPSandSIfortheproposed

Equations1cthrough3c.Table3alsopresentstheAverageAbsolutePercentDeviation(AAPD),theMaximumAbsolute
PercentDeviation(MAPD),AverageAbsoluteDeviation(AAD),andtheNumberofdataPoints(NP).Theerroranalysis
ofTable3indicatesthattheaccuracyoftheproposedcorrelationsisgoodandcanbeusedfortheestimationpurposes.

Table3.TheoptimizedparametersforcrudeoilTVPconversiontoRVP

(ForusewithEquations1c,2c&3c)

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6/28/2016 CorrelationsforConversionbetweenTrueandReidVaporPressures(TVPandRVP)|CampbellTipoftheMonth

1AAPD=AverageAbsolutePercentDeviation

2MAPD=MaximumAbsolutePercentDeviation

3AAD=AverageAbsoluteDeviation

4NP=NumberofdataPoints(NP)

Conclusions:

ForconvertingRVPtoTVPofmotorgasolineandnaturalgasoline,thistippresentedsimplecorrelationssimilartothe
onesreportedinAPI2517forcrudeoilRVPtoTVP.Thistipdeterminedthecorrelationparametersbyregressingthe
datageneratedfromavailablediagrams.ThesecorrelationswerealsoextendedforeasyconversionfromTVPtoRVP.
Tables1,2,and3presentthecorrelationparametersinSIandFPSsystemofunits.Tables1and3presentsthe
accuracyoftheproposedcorrelationsagainstthedatageneratedfromdiagrams.Tables1and3indicatethatthe
accuracyofthesecorrelationsisasgoodasthequalityofthedataintheoriginaldiagramandcanbeusedforeasy
conversionofRVPtoTVPorviceversa.Thesecorrelationsareeasytouseforhandorspreadsheetcalculationsand
shouldbeusedforestimationpurposes.Foraccuratemeasurements,correctionproceduresoutlinedinASTMD6377
10andotherguidelinesshouldbeconsulted.Severalorganizationsarecurrentlyworkingtoimprovetheaccuracyof
TVPestimationfromRVPand/orVPCR(x)(ASTMD6377)measurementtechniques.Inallcases,FederalandState
LawsandRegulationsshouldbefollowedforsafetyandenvironmentalprotection.

Tolearnmoreaboutsimilarcasesandhowtominimizeoperationalproblems,wesuggestattendingourG4(Gas
ConditioningandProcessing),G5(AdvancedApplicationsinGasProcessing),andPF4(OilProductionand
ProcessingFacilities),courses.

PetroSkillsoffersconsultingexpertiseonthissubjectandmanyothers.Formoreinformationabouttheseservices,visit
ourwebsiteathttp://petroskills.com/consulting,oremailusatconsulting@PetroSkills.com.

By:Dr.MahmoodMoshfeghian

Figure2a.TVPasafunctionofRVPandtemperatureforcrudeoil

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6/28/2016 CorrelationsforConversionbetweenTrueandReidVaporPressures(TVPandRVP)|CampbellTipoftheMonth

Figure2b.TVPasafunctionofRVPandtemperatureforcrudeoil

References:

1.Campbell,J.M.,GasConditioningandProcessing,Volume1:TheBasicPrinciples,9th Edition,2nd Printing,

EditorsHubbard,R.andSnowMcGregor,K.,CampbellPetroleumSeries,Norman,Oklahoma,2014.
2.VazquezEsparragoza,J.J.,etal,HowtoEstimateReidVaporPressure(RVP)ofBlends,BryanResearchand
Engineering,Inc,Bryan,Texas,2015.

3.Soave,Chem.Eng.Sci.27,11971203,1972.
4.Riazi,M.R.,Albahri,T.A.andAlqattan,A.H.,PredictionofReidVaporPressureofPetroleumFuels,Petroleum
ScienceandTechnology,23:7586,2005.

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WrittenbyDr.MahmoodMoshfeghian
DR.MAHMOODMOSHFEGHIANisaSeniorTechnicalAdvisorandSeniorInstructor.HeistheauthorofmostTipsofthe
MonthanddevelopstechnicalsoftwareforPetroSkills.Hehas40yearsteachingexperienceinuniversitiesaswellas
foroilandgasindustries.Dr.MoshfeghianjoinedJMCin1990asaparttimeconsultantandthenasfulltime
instructor/consultantin2005.MoshfeghianwasProfessorofChemicalEngineeringatShirazUniversity.Dr.
MoshfeghianisaseniormemberofAIChEandhaspublishedmorethan125technicalpapersonthermodynamic
propertiesandProcessEngineering.Dr.Moshfeghianhaspresentedinvitedpapersininternationalconferences.Heis
amemberoftheEditorialBoardfortheInternationalJournalofOil,Gas,andCoalTechnologyandamemberofthe
GPSATechnicalCommitteeGroupF.HeholdsB.S.(74),M.S.(75)andandPhD(78)degreesinChemicalEngineering,
allfromOklahomaStateUniversity.

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