Solution of Mechanics I

1. (c) Various forces acting on the ball are shown in figure. Using Lamis theorem, according
to figure, = = , = = ,

T1 = 10 sin 300 = 10 X 0.5 = 5 N, and T2 = 10 sin600 = 10 X = 5 N.
2. (c) = (5 3 + 6 ) m/s, = (10 + 10 + 20 ) N,
power = . (10 + 10 + 20 ). (5 - 3 + 6 ), = 50 30 + 120 = 140 W.
3. (b) The instantaneous power is P = F , a = F/m, = u + at = at (or u = 0), or = (F/m) t

Average power is = , = = = , or = = = ( t) =

4. (c) Change in momentum = force X time, = area of trapezium OABC, = (10 + 4) X 20 = 140 kg ms-1.
5. (d) If a is the acceleration of the system, then a= = = 1 ms-2. It is along the direction of .
If R is reading to the dynamometer, then R + Ma = F or R = F Ma = 20 6 X 1 = 14 N.
6. (c) Applying Lamis theorem, = =

or = = , or T1 = ; T2 =
7. (d) equation of motion of the two weights can be written as m1g T1 = m1a (i)
or T1 = m1g m1a, and T2 m2g = m2a, T2 = m2a + m2g (ii)
Subtract (ii) from (i), T1 T2 = (m1 m2) g, - (m1 + m2) a (iii)
As torque, = I , or (T1 T2) R = ( MR ). , 2
T1 T2 = Ma/2
Put in (iii), Ma/2 = (m1 m2) g (m1 + m2) a, or a= .

8. (d) F = - - = 7 - 24 , ax = = = 1.4 m/s2 along +ve x-axis, ay = =- = - 4.8 m/s2 along

negative y-axis, x = axt = 1.4 X 2 = 2.8 m/s, and y = ayt = - 4.8 X 2 = - 9.6 m/s, = = 10 m/s.

9. (c) L = m r, = L/mr, Centripetal force (F) = = ( )2 = L2/mr3.

10. (d) Total kinetic energy, K = Kr + Kt, = I2 + m 2
= X ( mr2) 2 + m 2,

2 2 2
= m + m = m [or = r], = =

11. () F = - and U = - , or F= - .
12. (d) At equilibrium, F = 0, = 0 or - = 0 or 6br6 = 12a, Equilibrium distance r0 = (2a/b)1/6.
13. (a) As U is minimum value at r0, the equilibrium is stable.
14. (c) Acceleration of the rope, a = (F/M) (i), Now, considering the motion of
the part AB of the rope [which has mass (M/L) and acceleration given by eq. (i)]
assuming that tension at B is T. F T = ( y) X a
or F T = yX = , T = F F (y/L) = F (1- )
15. (b) For A : T 2g = 2a (i), For B : T1 + 2g T = 2a (ii),
For C : 2g T1 = 2a (iii) Adding eq. (i) and (ii), we get, T1 = 4a (iv)
From eqns. (iii) and (iv), 2g 4a = 2a, or a = g/3 (v)
From eqns. (iv) and (v) T1 = 4 X = 13 N.
16. (d) m1 g sin 300 T = m1a (i) T m2g sin 300 = m2a, (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), a= , = = X = 0.7 ms-2.
From eqn. (ii), we get, T = m2g sin 300 + m2a,
 = m2g sin 300 = (m1g sin 300 m2g sin300)

= = , = X 9.8 = 168 N

17. (c) The torque acting on a body is given by = , In case of planet orbiting around sun no

torque is acting on it. or 0= or (angular momentum) = constant

18. (c) When a person stretches his arms his moment of inertia increases. Since no external torque is being
applied, due to the conservation of angular momentum, the angular speed has to decrease. [L = I =
constant]. Therefore, the platform slows down.
19. (c) Work done W = . d , = F dscos = 0 where = 900,
Now work is done when force is normal to the displacement.
20. (b) The acceleration along the smooth inclined plane is gsin , which is less than g. Therefore, the blocks take
different times to reach the bottom, the block falling vertically reaches earlier. The speed of each block
on reaching the bottom is = , where h is the height of the inclined plane.
21. (a) For an object moving in a circular orbit, the centripetal force is always radial an displacement is tangential.
Work done W = Fdscos = 0 because = /2. The electron revolves round the nucleus due to electrostatic
attraction which provides the centripetal force. Since electrostatic forces are conservative in nature, the
work done in a complete revolution is zero.
22. (a) Given that mA = m, mB = 2m, A = (2/3), B = 1/3,
Acceleration of the system will be zero because
(mB mA) g sin 450 < g (A + B mB) cos 450

23. (b) For mass mB: mBg sin 450 - BmB g cos 450 T = 0, or T = mBg sin 450 - BmBg sin 450

= (2m) g X - X (2m) g X =( ) mg.

24. (c) Magnitude of force of friction acting on block A is given by mAg sin 450 + fA T = 0

or fA = T mAg sin 450 = mg - =

25. (d) The moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod of mass M and length l about an axis perpendicular to the rod
through its centre is I = Ml2/12 (i), Moment of inertia of a thin of mass M
and length l of the rod through its end point is, I = Ml /3 2
(ii), or I = 4 (Ml2/12) = 4I.
26. (a) Force required to keep the belt moving = F, F= = 0.2 X 2 = 0.4 N.
27. (a) U = 2
Kx = 2
KS = 10 J (i), U = K (x + x)2 = K (S + S)2
= K (4S)2 = 40 J. (ii), or W = U U = 40 J 10 J = 30 J.
28. (a) Initial kinetic energy of the car = m 2, Work done against friction = F. S = (mg) S
From conservation of energy, mgS = m 2
or S= 2
/2g.
29. (b) Let mass of each piece (m) = 1 kg, Initial momentum = 0. Final momentum = p1 + p + p3.
From the principle of conservation of momentum, we have p1 + p2 + p3 = 0
-1
p3 = - (p1 + p2) = - (m 1 + m 2), = - m ( 1 + 2) = - 1 kg X (2 + 3 ) ms , p3 = - (2 + 3 ) kg ms-1

Force F = p3/t = , = - (2 + 3 ) X 105 N
= Let be the torque produced by the motor

30. (c) Angular velocity of the motor drill, = ,
Power produced = = X X

, Now, = 35% of 350 W,
X 2 X 50 = =

or X 350, or = 0.39 N-m
31. (b) The position of centre of mass of a system does not depend upon the forces on the particle.
32. (c) Initial angular velocity = 50 rad/s, Final angular velocity = 80 rad/s, Torque = 10 N-m
Moment of inertia = 2 kg m , 2
Angular acceleration is given by = I
5t = 80 50 = 30 t = 6 seconds
2
= = = 5 rad/s , Hence if t is the time,
33. (a) The situation is shown in the figure. Equating the total initial and final momentum along x and y
directions, we get m + 0 = (m + M) cos (i),
= (m + M) sin (ii) Squaring and adding equations (i) and (ii), we get,
1

0+M 2

(m 1) + (M 2)2 = (M + m)2 2
2
The final momentum p = (M + m) ,

34. (b) Dividing eqn. (ii) by eq. (i), we get, tan = M 2/m 1 or = tan-1 (M 2/m 1)
35. (a) The initial kinetic energy of the system, = m 1
2
+ M 2
2
, Final kinetic energy = (M + m) 2
= (m 1)2 + (M 2)2, Decrease in total kinetic energy is given by

K = [ m 1
2
+ M 2
2
]- X{ } [(m 1)2 + (M 2)2], = ( 1
2
+ 2
2
)

Fraction of kinetic energy transformed into heat, = =( )( )
2
36. (a) Loss of kinetic energy = gain in elastic potential energy, = m = kx2 or 0.5 X (1.5)2 = 50 X x2

or x2 = = x= = 0.15 m.
37. (a) The total distance travelled is S = h + 2e2h + 2e4h + 2e6h +
= h + 2h (e2 + e4 + e6 + ), or = h + 2h ( ) = h [1 + ]=

38. (d) W = = ( ). ( ) dt, W= ( ) ( ) dt = , W= ( )02 = = 2.6 J

2 2
39. (a) Let be the velocity when it hits the ground, Then = 0 + 2g X 10 = 0 + 2 X 9.8 X 10
i.e.., 2
= 2
+ 196, Let be the velocity after impact and it reaches the same height 10 m..
0 = 2 X 9.8 X 10 = 196
0
2
= 14 m/s, ratio of kinetic energy before impact and after impact,

= = = = 2, or 0
2
= 2 X 196 196 = 196 0 = 14 m/s.

40. (a) Potential energy, U= kx2 = k (F/k)2 = , U1 X k1 = U2 X k2 or = = = , Ratio is 2 : 1.

41. (a) Given that the density of the thin rod AB increases uniformly from at A to 4 at B.
To find the moment of inertia of the rod AB about the axis XY through A, consider
an elementary strip of the rod of length dx situated at a distance x from A.
Let the length of the rod AB be l and its area of cross-section, a.
x = +

The density of the rod at distance x is given by = ,
Mass of the elementary strip = x adx,

dm = . dx

Moment of inertia of this strip about axis XY is x2dm, = x2dx,

Moment of inertia of the whole rod AB about XY will be

= {l[ +3[ }= [ + ], or I = al3 , To express this in terms of

the mass of the rod we calculate M, M= = {l [x]0l + 3 [ ]0l}

M= [l2 + ]= = al, al = 2M/5. Substituting this value of al in the expression for
moment of inertia, we get I= ( )l2 = 13 kg m2

42. (d) The total kinetic energy, K.E. = m 2

+ Icm2 = m 2
+ . ( mr2). , = m 2
= X 1 X (1)2 = 0.75 joule

43. (d) tan = tan = = 600.

= = ,

44. (d) As the floor is frictionless and there is no horizontal force, therefore, momentum must be conserved in
the horizontal direction. i.e.., mu sin = m sin or u sin = sin (i)
And in vertical direction, ( cos /u cos ) = e, or cos = eu cos (ii)
Divide (i) by (ii), we get, or tan = tan or = tan [ tan ] -1

45. (d) x = 3t 4t2 + t3, = = (3 8t + 3t2); a = = (-8 + 6t), W= = ( ) dt

= (6t 8) (3t2 8t + 3) dt, W = 3 X 10-3

= 3 X 10-3 [ - + ]04, W = 3 X 10-3 [ (44) 24 (43) + 41 (42) 24 X 4],

= 528 X 10-3 joule = 528 mJ.

46. (c) The coordinates of points A, B and C are (0, 0, 0), (b, 0, 0) and ( , , 0) respectively.
Now as the triangle in XY plane, i.e.., Z coordinates of all the masses is zero, so Z CM = 0.

Now, XCM = = , YCM = =

So, the coordinates of centre of mass are, [ , , 0]
47. (a) Suppose C is centre of mass of the dumb-bell, r1, r2 are distances of m1, m2 from C.
Therefore, moment of inertia of dumb bell about the given axis
I = m1r12 + m2r22 (i), Also, r = r1 + r2 and m1r1 = m2r2 = m2 (r r1),
(m1 + m2) r1 = m2r or r1 Similarly, r2 = ,

From (i), I = m1 ( )2 + m2 ( )2, I= .

48. (a) Length of each side of hexagon = 2 L and mass of each side = m. Let O be the
centre of mass of hexagon. Therefore, perpendicular distance of O from each side,
r = L tan 600 = L , The desired moment of inertia of hexagon about O is
I = 6 [Ione side] = 6 [ + mr2], =6[ + m (L )2] = 20mL2.
49. (c) As = 2/T and T is same, therefore, must the same. i.e.., 1/2 = 1.
50. (c) As F S-1/3, therefore, acceleration, a S-1/3, a= = . = i.e.., S-1/3
Integrating both side, i.e.., , 2
S2/3 or S1/3.
As P = F . or P S-/13 S1/3 or P S0, i.e.., power is independent of S.
51. (a) As no external force is acting on the system i.e.., F ext = 0, therefore linear momentum of the system is
conserved i.e., - 2m X + m X 2 = 0 = (2m + m + 8m) X C.M.,

= 0 i.e.., velocity of centre of mass is zero.

52. (b) As no external torque is acting on the system, i.e.., ext = 0, therefore angular momentum of the system is
C.M.

conserved i.e.., m1 1 r1 + m2 2 r2 = (I1 + I2 + IB) , 2m a + m (2 ) (2a)

2
= [2m (a) + m (2a) + 2
] , i.e.., 6m a = 30ma 2
or = /5a.
53. (c) Angular momentum of the system is conserved. MR2 1 = 2mR2 + MR2
M1 = (4m + M) =

or or .
54. (b) Total energy ET = 2 J. It is fixed. For maximum speed, kinetic energy is maximum
The potential energy should therefore be minimum. Or V (x) = - ,

= - = x3 x = x (x2 1), For V to be minimum, = 0, x (x2 1) = 0, or x = 0, 1

At x = 0, V (x) = 0, At x = 1, V (x) = - J, or (Kinetic energy)max = ET - Vmin
(Kinetic energy)max = 2 (- ) = J, m m
2
= or m
2
= = = , or m = m/s

55. (d)
56. (d) = X . Or . = . ( X ) = 0, Also, .= .( X )=0
57. (d) AO cos 450 = , or AO X = , or AO = , I = ID + IB + IC

I= + m ( )2, I= + , or I= = 3 ml2.

58. (a) =2- + , = 3 + 2 - 2 , =2+ -, Displacement, = -

= (3 + 2 - 2 ) (2 - + ) = + 3 - 3 ,
W = . = (2 + - ). ( + 3 - 3 ), W = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 units.

59. (a) Various forces acting on masses m1, m2 and m3 are shown in figure.
Given that mass m1 moves with uniform velocity downwards, hence, T = m 1g (i)
For the motion of mass m2, T1 = T2 + km2g cos 370 + m2g sin 370 (ii)
For the motion of mass m3, T2 = km3g (iii),
Substituting for T1 and T2 from (i) and (ii) in eqn. (ii)
m1g = km3g + km2gcos370 + m2gsin370, m1 = km3 + km2cos370 + m2sin370,
= X4+ X4X +4X =1+ + = 4.2 kg
60. (c) T2 = km3g = X 4 X 9.8 = 9.8 N.