10.

37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007

Prof. William H. Green
Lecture 25: Course Review

Review

Fundamental Equations:

Acc = Flow In Flow Out + Reaction

nm
= Fm ,o Fm ,out + rm ( x, y, z , t ) dxdydz
t

infinitesimal volume

Cm
= Fm + rm
t

K eq = eGrxn RT
( K eq is unitless)

N products n
Pm
1 bar

K eq = m =1 j
reactants
Pj
j =1
1 bar

k forward
Kc =
kreverse

H 2O2 H 2 + O2
n P
=
V RT
PH 2 PO2
1 bar 1 bar
K eq =
PH 2O2
1 bar

Kc =
[ H 2 ][O2 ]
[ H 2O2 ]
mol
units K c [ =]
L

Convection dominated:

Cite as: William Green, Jr., course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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Constant P, constant T, constant reactor V
Fm Cm
Wm D 2Cm + U Cm

Pressure drop in Packed Bed:

P G 1 150 (1 )
Ergun Equation: = 3
+ 1.75G
z pg c D p Dp

U cvtot V
+ P cv = Fj H j + Q + Ws ( U cv depends on T)
tot

t t

T C (Tin Tout ) + Q + rk H rxn

= where C is the heat capacity
t Ctotal

Special Cases:

Perfectly Homogeneous (well stirred, perfectly mixed)

no flows, batch reactor

nm
= rm ( C (t ) ) V
t
CSTR, no t-dependence
0 = Fin Fout + r ( Cout )

Homogeneous in x,y, not in z (no t-dependence)

PFR (typically gives higher productivity than CSTR)

Fm
= Arm ( C ( z ) )
z
sort of PFR
Fm
= Arm ( C avg ( z ) ) ( z ) where ( z ) is the effectiveness factor
z

cat
bubble

Figure 1. a) mass transfer from gas to liquid b) mass transfer into catalyst particle
10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007 Lecture 25
Prof. William H. Green Page 2 of 3

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 2Cm 2 Cm
D + + rm ( C ( r ) ) = 0
r 2 r r
- nondimensionalize
- some solutions in book
- (18.03)

guess solution, plug in to verify

matlab

Thiele modulus

rm ( Csurface )
2
Dsolid Cm , s R 2
- if small (<1): reaction limited, ignore effectiveness factor (internal diffusion
fast)
- if big: transport matters!

Ffrom = Ak L (Cinterface Cbulk )

bubble

kL A correlations
(sphere-packed bed)

D
Finto = kc A(Cbulk Cs ) kc
particle
Converting the second-order differential equation into first-order ordinary differential
equations for MatLab solvers:

Cm
= qm
r

qm 2
D + qm + rm = 0
r r
2
qm qm + rm
= r MATLAB: ode15s
r D

10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007 Lecture 25

Prof. William H. Green Page 3 of 3

Cite as: William Green, Jr., course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].