Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes

Course: 58:160, Fall 2016

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The exam is closed book and closed notes.
1. A variable mesh screen produces a linear and axisymmetric velocity profile in a circular
pipe with radius R as shown below. The fluid density is and the pressure upstream and
downstream of the screen are 1 and 2 , respectively (and are uniformly distributed). If the
upstream flow velocity of the mesh is uniform and equal to 1, use CV analysis to
determine (a) the maximum velocity at section 2 in terms of 1 using continuity
equation; (b) the force the mesh screen exerts on the fluid ( ) in terms of , 1, R, 1,
2 , assuming that the pipe wall does not exert any force on the fluid. (Hint: = 2).

2. A viscous incompressible Newtonian fluid is contained between two fixed parallel plates
inclined at an angle , and the flow is driven by both constant pressure gradient

= and gravity. The distance between the two plates is 2H and the chosen
system of coordinates is shown in the figure. Assuming steady, 2D, and parallel flow
( = = 0) and using differential analysis: (a) Show that the flow is fully developed

using continuity equation; and (b) Find the velocity profile () in terms of , , , , ,
using Navier-Stokes equations with appropriate boundary conditions.
Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes

Course: 58:160, Fall 2016

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3. A large tank of liquid under pressure is drained through a smoothly contoured nozzle of
area A. The mass flow rate is thought to depend on the nozzle area A, the liquid density
, the difference in height between the liquid surface and the nozzle h, the change in
pressure , and the gravitational acceleration g. Taking , , and as repeating variables,
find an expression for the mass flow rate as a function of the other parameters in the
problem in terms of dimensionless Pi groups.
Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes

Course: 58:160, Fall 2016

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Solution (1)
Assumptions: steady, incompressible flow.

(a) Continuity:

() = () +1
1 2

1 1 = ()2 +1
0

Linear velocity distribution at the outlet:

() =


2 2 3 +1 3
+0.5 1 2 = 2 = = 1 +0.5
0 3 2

(b) Linear momentum equation:

= ()[()] + ()[()] +1
1 2

+1.5 2 2 2 +1
+ 1 1 2 2 = 1 + () 2
0

2 +0.5
2 3
()2 = = 1
2
+1
2
+0.5
2 2 2
31
3 2 2
31 2 4
+ (1 2 ) = 1 + 2 = 1 + 2
2 0 2 4

9 1
+ (1 2 ) 2 = 12 2 + 12 2 = 12 2
8 8
1
= (2 1 ) 2 + 12 2 +0.5
8
Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes

Course: 58:160, Fall 2016

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Solution (2)

Assumptions:

(1) steady: = 0

(2) 2D flow: = 0;
=0

(3) Parallel flow: = = 0

(4) = constant

(a) Continuity:

+ + =0


+0.5

+
0 +
0 =0 = 0 (5)
(3) (2)

(b) x-momentum equation:

2 2 2
+ + + = + 2 + 2 + 2

+0.5 +0.5 +0.5 +0.5
+0.5 +0.5 +0.5 2
0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = sin +
0 + 2+ 0
(1) (5) (3) (2)
(5)
(2)
+0.5 +0.5
2 1
= sin
2
+1
Integrate twice:

1
= sin + 1

1
() = sin 2 + 1 + 2
2
Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes

Course: 58:160, Fall 2016

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Apply boundary conditions:

+0.5 =
+1 2
= 0 sin + 1 + 2 = 0
2
+1
+0.5 = 2
= 0 sin 1 + 2 = 0
2

Solve for 1 and 2 :+0.5

2
1 = 0, 2 = sin
2

The velocity is:

1
() = sin ( 2 2 ) +0.5
2
Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes

Course: 58:160, Fall 2016

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Solution (3)

Assumptions: the problem is only a function of the given dimensional variables.

= (, , , , )

= 6

= { 1 }; = {2 }; = {3 }; = {}; = {1 2 }; = { 2 } +3

= 3 = = 3 +1

The repeating variables are , , and ; adding each remaining variable in turn, we find the Pi
groups:

1 = = {(3 ) (2 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 )} = {0 0 0 0 } +0.5

= 1; = 5/4; = 1/2 +1

1 = +0.5
5/4 1/2

2 = = {(3 ) (2 ) ( 2 ) ()} = {0 0 0 0 } +0.5

= 0; = 1/2; = 0 +1

2 = +0.5
1/2
3 = = {(3 ) (2 ) ( 2 ) (1 2 )} = {0 0 0 0 } +0.5

= 1; = 1/2; = 1 +1

3 = +0.5
1/2

Thus the arrangement of the dimensionless variables is:

= ,
5/4 1/2 1/2 1/2