The

Last Days before Your Exam

 Speaker

Wendell Odom, CCIE 1624

Author of All EdiEons Cisco Press CCNA Cert Guide
FB and TwiMer: @WendellOdom
 The Last Days
This Seminar/Video Discusses:
PracEce Exams
ConguraEon Goals (Sims)
VericaEon Goals (Simlets)
SubneWng
Exam Topic Percentages
Summary
 PracEce Exams: Synthesis Skills

PercepEon Actual
Review Facts ++ ++
Build Synthesis Skills + +++
Assess Readiness to Pass +++ +
 Example QuesEon, No Synthesis
Host A needs to learn the MAC address of its default router, 1.1.1.9.
Which protocol does A use to learn that MAC address?

a) NDP
b) DNS
c) ARP
d) DHCP

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.11 1.1.1.12

1.1.1.9
A
F0/1 Sw1 F0/2 F0/3 Sw2 F0/4 R1
0200.1111.1111
0200.3333.3333
 Example QuesEon, with Synthesis
Host A gets a positive response to a ping 2.2.2.2 command. Which
answers list an ARP table entry that A needs for the ping to succeed?
a) 1.1.1.11, 0200.0000.1111
b) 1.1.1.9, 0200.3333.3333
c) 2.2.2.2, 0200.2222.2222
d) 2.2.2.9, 0200.4444.4444

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.11 1.1.1.12

0200.0000.1111 1.1.1.9
A
F0/1 Sw1 F0/2 F0/3 Sw2 F0/4 R1
0200.1111.1111
0200.3333.3333 3.3.3.1

R1

2.2.2.2 2.2.2.13 3.3.3.2

2.2.2.9
B
Sw3 R2
0200.2222.2222
0200.4444.4444
 The Last Days PracEce QuesEons
PracEce Exams work best for:
Synthesis Skills: Building skills in puWng concepts
together (synthesis)
Review: Reviewing facts (recall, understanding)
Strategies during nal preparaEon:
Stop and think!
Dont guess!
PracEce exam potenEal issues:
Use for general self-assessment only
 The Last Days
This Seminar/Video Discusses:
PracEce Exams
ConguraEon Goals (Sims)
VericaEon Goals (Simlets)
SubneWng
Exam Topic Percentages
Summary
 ConguraEon
ConguraEon on ICND1, ICND2, CCNA:
Highly objecEve
Known topics
Do the work now, pick up the points on exam day!
Important to many quesEon types
Sim: ConguraEon is always the key!
MulE-choice: Can be the key
Simlet: Can be the key
 Switch Cong to PracEce for CCNA
Switch Basics Spanning Tree
AdministraEve seWngs Root
Interfaces (speed, duplex) Costs
IPv4 Security
VLANs Port Security
CreaEon Passwords, Telnet,
VTP SSH
VLAN Trunking
 Router Cong PracEce for CCNA
Router basics IPv6
Addresses
AdministraEve seWngs
StaEc Routes
Interfaces OSPF
IPv4 Addresses EIGRP
VLAN Trunking Security
Standard ACLs
IPv4 RouEng Extended and Named
StaEc Routes ACLs
Passwords, Telnet, SSH
Single Area OSPF
WAN
MulEarea OSPF HDLC, PPP
EIGRP Frame Relay
 Sample Topology 1

A F0/1 F0/2 S0/0/0 F0/0 B

SW1 F0/0 R1 S0/0/1 R2 F0/1 SW2 F0/2
 Sample Topology 2

F0/1 S0/0/0 F0/1 B

A
A B
R1 S0/0/1 R2
 Sample Topology 3

F0/0 S0/0/0 F0/1

F0/0 F0/1 F0/1
A
A F0/0 C
Sw1 Sw2 F0/0 R1 R2 F0/0 SW4
S0/0/0
F0/2 F0/2

F0/1 F0/2

Sw3
F0/0

B
 Sample Topology 4

S0/0/1 F0/0
R2 B
S0/0/0
A S0/0/0
F0/0
R1
S0/0/1
S0/0/1
F0/0
S0/0/0 R3 C
Sample Topology 5

R1 R2

R3 R4
 Sample Topology 6

Sw1
R2

Frame Relay
R1
R1 R3

R4
Example of Cong PracEce at Home

Requirements:
1. Use Class B network 172.16.0.0
2. Use one mask
3. Use mask 255.255.254.0
4. Use the numerically lowest subnets possible
5. Assign the lowest subnet to subnet 1, next lowest to subnet 2
6. Assign routers last octet equal to their router number.
7. Assign hosts last octet as the router IP address +1.
8. Assign switches last octet as the largest possible value in the subnet.

hMp://www.ccnaskills.com/tshoot01_02/
Example of Cong PracEce at Home

Requirements:
1. Use OSPF on all three routers
2. Use a single area (area 0) for the enEre design.
3. Congure a recognizable router ID.
4. On your network commands, use a wildcard mask that causes a match of all IP
addresses in the same subnet.

hMp://www.ccnaskills.com/tshoot01_02/
Example of Cong PracEce: R1 Cong

interface FastEthernet0/0 interface Serial0/0/1

ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.254.0 ip address 172.16.8.1 255.255.254.0
no shutdown clock rate 1536000
! no shutdown
interface Serial0/0/0 !
ip address 172.16.6.1 255.255.254.0 router ospf 1
clock rate 1536000 router-id 1.1.1.1
no shutdown network 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
network 172.16.6.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
network 172.16.8.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
Example of Cong PracEce: R2 Cong
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.254.0
no shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.254.0
clock rate 1536000
no shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/1
ip address 172.16.6.2 255.255.254.0
no shutdown
!
router ospf 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 172.16.2.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
network 172.16.6.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
network 172.16.10.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
Example of Cong PracEce: R3 Cong
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.4.3 255.255.254.0
no shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 172.16.8.3 255.255.254.0
no shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/1
ip address 172.16.10.3 255.255.254.0
no shutdown
!
router ospf 1
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 172.16.4.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
network 172.16.8.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
network 172.16.10.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
 The Last Days
This Seminar/Video Discusses:
PracEce Exams
ConguraEon Goals (Sims)
VericaEon Goals (Simlets)
SubneWng
Exam Topic Percentages
Summary
 PracEce VericaEon
TroubleshooEng Uses VericaEon Skills
VericaEon skills breakdown:
Choosing show commands: For cong topic(s), what
show commands maMer?
Finding important output: For each show command,
what output means all is well
PredicEng important output: What should output look
like for common cong mistakes!
 PracEce VericaEon Which Commands?
Begin with:
A working topology
Working cong for each device
Choosing show commands:
Make a list of those that maMer
Compare the list with your study tools (e.g., book)
 PracEce VericaEon What Output?
What should output look like now (when working)?
Review key info in each show command
Predict conguraEon listed in output
Predict status variables listed in output
 PracEce VericaEon What Changes?
Exercise: Break or remove one cong command!!!
What changes occur in the command output?
Review key info in each show command
Predict conguraEon changes listed in output
Predict status changes listed in output
Example: Remove one Command on R3

interface FastEthernet0/0 router ospf 1

ip address 172.16.4.3 255.255.254.0 router-id 3.3.3.3
! network 172.16.4.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
interface Serial0/0/0 network 172.16.8.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
ip address 172.16.8.3 255.255.254.0 network 172.16.10.0 0.0.1.255 area 0
!
interface Serial0/0/1
ip address 172.16.10.3 255.255.254.0
 Aper: show ip route on R1
R1# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

172.16.0.0/23 is subnetted, 5 subnets

C 172.16.8.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
O 172.16.10.0 [110/845] via 172.16.8.3, 1d23h, Serial0/0/1
[110/845] via 172.16.6.2, 1d23h, Serial0/0/0
C 172.16.6.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 172.16.2.0 [110/782] via 172.16.6.2, 1d23h, Serial0/0/0
Aper: show ip ospf neighbor on R1
R1# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:33 172.16.8.3 Serial0/0/1
2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:32 172.16.6.2 Serial0/0/0
Aper: show ip ospf interface brief on R3
R3# show ip ospf interface brief
Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C
Se0/0/1 1 0 172.16.10.3/23 64 P2P 1/1
Se0/0/0 1 0 172.16.8.3/23 64 P2P 1/1
 The Last Days
This Seminar/Video Discusses:
PracEce Exams
ConguraEon Goals (Sims)
VericaEon Goals (Simlets)
SubneWng
Exam Topic Percentages
Summary
 The Last Days SubneWng Speed!
IPv4 SubneWng: You must be
Accurate!
Fast!
Self-Assessment: When you see an addressing or
subneWng quesEon, what is the FIRST thing you
do?
a) Start doing the right math process immediately?
b) Try to remember which math process to use?
If answer B, then you need more pracEce!
 Analysis that Should Leap to Mind
Given an IPv4 Address:
The Class (A, B, C, D, E)
The Network ID (if A, B, C)
The Network Broadcast
Address
The format
 Processes that Should Leap to Mind
Given an IPv4 Mask, in any Format:
The mask value in the other formats
 Processes that Should Leap to Mind
Given an IPv4 Address and Mask:
The Subnet ID
The Subnet Broadcast Address
The range of addresses in the subnet
 Processes that Should Leap to Mind
Given a Subnet ID and Mask:
The size of the Network, Subnet, and Host parts
EG, Subnet 10.1.1.0 /24
 Processes that Should Leap to Mind
Given an IPv4 Network Number and Mask, and
Given an AssumpEon of One Mask for All Subnets:
Find all subnet IDs
Find all subnet broadcast addresses
The range of addresses in each subnet
 Processes that Should Leap to Mind
Given:
a class A, B, or C Network
a requirement for a number of hosts/subnet
a requirement for a number of subnets
an assumpEon of One Mask for All Subnets:
Find all masks that meet requirements
Find the mask that maximizes the number of hosts/subnet
Find the mask that maximizes the number of subnets
 The Last Days
This Seminar/Video Discusses:
PracEce Exams
ConguraEon Goals (Sims)
VericaEon Goals (Simlets)
SubneWng
Exam Topic Percentages
Summary
Ciscos New Percentages: CCNA
CCNA 200-120
Ciscos New Percentages: ICND1
ICND1 100-101
Ciscos New Percentages: ICND2
ICND2 200-101
Detailed View: ICND1 IP Services
 The Last Days
This Seminar/Video Discusses:
PracEce Exams
ConguraEon Goals (Sims)
VericaEon Goals (Simlets)
SubneWng
Exam Topic Percentages
Summary
 Summary
You should:
Own Cong Topics
Own IPv4 + Data Link Message Flow
Use Part Review or Equivalent
Do SubneWng in spare Eme unEl it is automaEc
Terms: Know, but Formal deniEon unnecessary
Review vericaEon commands w/ gray highlights
Final Thoughts
QuesEons and Answers

CCNA
200-120

ICND1 ICND2
100-101 200-101