Garbage Bin Maker

INTRODUCTION

As the world population continues to grow, so does the amount of garbage that

people produce, On-the-go lifestyle require easily disposal product such as bottles of

water but the accumulation of these product has led to the increased amounts of plastic

pollution around the world especially to the landfills. Plastic is composed of major toxic

pollutants which could cause harm to the environment, also to peoples health.

Plastics are thrown away every single day in different corners and sometimes in

the drainage that blocks the flow of water, resulting in floods that affect the people living

in that area. But the damage caused by plastic bottles industry isnt just to the intelligence

and wallets; its also to the world people live in. The environment is being impacted, not

just the image of a great sunny far-off meadow that word conjures but the actual

surroundings that turned on to sustain their lives.

There are different kinds of wastes, biodegradable waste that decompose into soil

or with its natural processes that can breakdown the materials into its natural components

or by living organism. These wastes will undergo the process of decomposition (ex. Dry

leaves, leftover foods, papers etc). Non-biodegradable wastes will take a long time to or

never decompose. It is not affected by any natural processes or other living organism

that would break the material down (ex. Plastic bags, candy wrappers, batteries etc.).

Lastly, the recyclable waste which is the key component of modern waste reduction that

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is Reduce, Reuse & Recycle waste hierarchy. It involves processing of used materials

into new products or potentially useful materials (ex. Plastic bottles, cups, tin cans).

Researchers will build the The Plastic-Recycling Bin Maker Controlled via Arduino

using touch screen system with temperature sensor (GARBAGE BIN MAKER) that will

create garbage can using PET plastic wastes. This machine uses plastic shredding and

compression which are all based on industrial machines. The Garbage Bin Maker machine

will melt the plastic, molding it, and turning into a garbage can. Using a combination of

new custom-made components and reclaimed parts like an old oven that can be found

at a scrapyard.

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BACKGROUND OF A STUDY

Barangay Bulacan Payatas Quezon City and Teresa Rizal Dumpsite is a place of

landfill, especially in Payatas area which is the largest dumpsite located in Quezon City

that serves as the main terminal for solid waste collected in the city. In Payatas area

there are materials or machine to lessen their garbage in landfill, but its not enough to

keep up the amount of garbage. There are so many junkshops on that place.

The researchers conducted a survey on that place near the landfill. Many of the

children in that place are slim, unhealthy, and especially malnourished due to the effects

of pollution, water, and the bacteria.

So, the researchers decided to propose The Plastic-Recycling Bin Maker Controlled

via Arduino with touch screen system (Garbage Bin Maker) in Barangay Bulacan Payatas

Quezon City that wanted to recycle the plastic waste in order to decrease the plastic

pollution and gain money. The said plastic bottles is one of the most issues here in the

Philippines particularly the floods. This machine can lessen the plastic bottles. This was

based on the last project design called plastic vendo machine which has no output.

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STATEMENT PROBLEMS

General problem

The Philippines is facing a problem of how to dispose garbage including plastics

and other disposable products. The amount of plastic that is produced by companies

every single day is so many such as plastic bottles, hygiene products, squeezing bottle

and so on and so forth. If only people know that all plastic bottles are long time or never

decompose. Also plastic is composed a major toxic pollutants that have the potential to

cause harm to the environment. The other recycling factory has realized the large amount

of smoke in every output product they make.

Specific problem

How to ensure the durability of the product?

How researchers calculate the exact temperature and time to create a best result of

recycling a plastic?

How will the researchers measure the temperature?

What type of plastic will the researchers recycle?

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OBJECTIVES

General Objective

The Researchers will recycle the PET plastic by using this machine to melt and

mold it into a new product such as plastic garbage bins. The other way of disposing the

plastic is collecting them from the neighborhood, friends, family, and, put it into a proper

place. Furthermore, the researchers will build a garbage bin through PET plastic

materials.

Specific Objective

To make the output durable, the researchers will compress it hard and shape it

well that it cannot be easily destroyed. The researchers will make the output stronger

and accurate that the plastic garbage bin will be reliable.

To ventilate the machine researchers will make a small opening in the chassis of

the machine to reduce the heat of the machine.

To calculate the exact temperature and time to create a best result from recycling

of plastic, the researchers will conduct a trial and error for the assurance of the durability

and good quality of the output (GARBAGE BIN).

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The general statements of The Plastic-Recycling Bin Maker Controlled via Arduino

using touch screen system with temperature sensor (GARBAGE BIN MAKER) can

contribute an idea and guide to all researchers about recycling. This project could be of

great significant and can beneficial especially to the following:

RECYCLING COMPANIES

This machine will be a great asset to the company due to its usefulness also it is

applicable to their goal. Recycling companies are committed to helping the

environment and but also want to make cash in the process, a machine that can

do both can make the company successful especially if the machine can still be

improved by their Research and Development teams who are knowledgeable in

topics of technology, electronics, and recycling.

JUNKSHOP OWNERS

The Plastic-Recycling Bin Maker Controlled via Arduino using touch screen system

with temperature sensor (GARBAGE BIN MAKER) will help to save space in their

shop due to the shredder. Junkshop Owners buy various materials or

useless/broken objects from people to make profit out of it, e.g. broken appliances,

tons of various papers, plastic bottles, etc. With this machine, instead of selling

their plastic bottles they might profit more by creating their own plastic products

to sell at the price of their choosing.

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FUTURE RESEARCHERS

Researchers who are interested in these kinds of topic will benefit from this project

due to the simplicity and easy to use features that can be improved as technology

upgrades over time.

SOCIETY

People can use this machine if they want to recycle by on their own in order to

reduce air pollution emitted by factories. In additional, people can also have their

own business by having The Plastic-Recycling Bin Maker Controlled via Arduino

using touch screen system with temperature sensor (GARBAGE BIN MAKER) use

different molders to produce products other than the garbage bin.

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DESIGN CONCEPT

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MATERIALS AND FUNCTIONS

Shredder

The shredder is used to researchers machine or equipment for shredding.

Shredding system is used to reduce the size of a given material. When the plastic is

turned the small pieces, it can be easily molded by the heating process.

Oven

Is to thermally insulate to the chamber used for heating the plastic and

melting them for the molder.

Molder

It is storage of small pieces of plastic to compress the shape into the plastic

bin.

Compressor

To get the exact size and make sure the small flakes of plastic must be

intact.

Arduino Mega

An open source prototyping board used to create various interactive

electronics. This will be used to monitor the status of different parts of the machine and

controlling then using touch screen system.

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Motor

To work the Shredder giving it the torque needed to shred the plastic into

bits for easy storing, melting, and molding. A motor is also used to automate the scissor

jacks vertical movement.

Metal

For making parts of the machinery such as the chassis, tables, legs, cage,

etc.

Welding Rod

A tool used to join metals to each other.

Scissor Jack

A part of the compressor that gives the molder much needed pressure to

form the melting plastic into the shape of the intended product, used with the molder.

Touch Screen

To show the status of the machine along with the temperature reading of

the sensor and the timer.

Max6675 (with Type-K thermocouple)

To get the temperature from inside the case. Max6675 converts the signal

from the thermocouple into something that the arduino can read. The Type-K

Thermocouple is a common sensor for temperatures ranging from -270 to 1,260C.

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Circuits/Wiring

To connect the circuits and components.

ESTIMATED COST

Materials Estimate cost

Motor 5,000

Shredder 7,000

Oven 3,000

Arduino Mega 2,000

Max6657 (with Type-K Thermocouple) 500

Touch Screen (With shield) 1,300

Metals 15,000

Welding Rod 200

Rivet 500

Scissor Jack 10,000

Circuits/Wiring 500

Others 10,000

Total: 55,000

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SCOPE AND LIMITATION

SCOPE

The Plastic-Recycling Bin Maker Controlled via Arduino using touch screen system

with temperature sensor (GARBAGE BIN MAKER) aims to make a garbage bin made from

recycled plastic materials. The type of plastic that will be used:

1. PET- Polyethylene. With an annual global production around 80 million tons,

PETs are easily the most common plastic you can find anywhere from the groceries

to Recycling centers or Junkyard/Junkshops. These are the examples of plastic

bottles of (soft drinks, water, mouthwash, bread dressing and etc. that are

polyethylene.

So, this machine can probably lessen the amount of plastic waste by 20% because

the machine needs more plastic waste to produce appropriate garbage bin. The purpose

of the touch screen is to set the temperature of the oven for PETs melting point (260C)

and a time so people can get the exact output they want.

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LIMITATION

The Plastic-Recycling Bin Maker Controlled via Arduino using touch screen system

with temperature sensor (GARBAGE BIN MAKER) cant recycle the plastic that are

classified as thermoset, because these plastics can only be melted once (during

production). In addition, thermoset plastics goes into chemical change when melted again

unlike thermoplastic that only undergoes physical change.

The Garbage Bin Maker cant be used outdoors, if other person doesnt know how

to operate; it has a tendency that the output would not perfectly form. Furthermore,

Garbage Bin Maker needed human intervention to control the machine.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURES

Foreign Studies and Literature

The importance of Plastics in our history.

Plastics have been in use for a lot of things ever since its breakthrough in 1907.

The first synthetic plastic was known as the Bakelite, Developed by Belgian chemist Dr.

Leo Baekeland using phenol coming from coal tars, made from synthetic components

and used for its non-conductive and heat-resistant properties in early

electronic/electrical devices as well as in products for kitchen ware, jewelry, pipes and

childrens toys. Bakelite can be shaped or molded into almost anything, providing

endless possibilities, was marketed as The material of a thousand uses and opened

the gates for the synthetic plastics we know today. The need for plastic didnt make its

big boom until the Second World War. The coming of World War II impacted all the

industry around the world by making world powers allocate resources like copper,

aluminum, steel, and zinc was allocated to military use, manufacturers searched for

alternative. Desperate fabricators turned to plastics to patch the demand for precious

metals. During WWII there were more plastics discovered like PET, Plexiglas, and nylon

that was also used for parachutes, ropes, body armor, helmet liners, and more. Nylon

again proved that the usability and adaptability of plastics all over again which in turn

increased the production of plastic by 300% in the United States alone. These series of

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events lead to the age of modern plastic we are experiencing today as well as the need

to recycle plastic.

Plastic Recycling challenges and opportunities

Recycling is the most important action that should be taken to reduce the impact

of plastics and is one of the greatest strength of the plastic industry. Plastics are derived

from Fossil oil and gas, a non-renewable resource that is also used to power the

manufacturing of plastic and nearby cities or towns. Effective recycling of plastic wastes

is the task that plastic recycling firms takes on, other than the common plastics (PETE,

HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP, and PS) there are a lot more types of plastic that makes this task

challenging. A study in the UK found that the packaging found in groceries cannot be

effectively recycled, this ranged up to 40% (Local Government Association (UK) 2007)

that they implemented policies to promote packaging that can be economically recycled

or diverted from landfill which posts rise of Soil contamination by additives and breakdown

by-products in plastics. This was also done in a small degree by some of the Philippines

local government, replacing plastics with paper bags. Plastic Recycling is complex and

confusing with wide range of recycling and recovery activities that are categorized in

groups. The primary category of plastic recycling is mechanical recycling, this is a closed-

loop mechanical processing plastics into products of equivalent properties. Another

category of this is the Energy Recovery (Applications and societal benefits of plastics.

Andrady AL, Neal MA), done in landfills via waste-to-energy to generate electricity just

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like in Payatas Landfill. Products designed for recycling has strong potential to assist in

such recycling efforts.

PLASTIC FORMING

Plastic is a petroleum based product used to replace metals and steels. There are

2 types of plastic: Thermoplastic and Thermoset. Thermoplastic is the most common

type, a reversible material capable of changing from solid to liquid and vice versa several

times. Thermoset is not as versatile and can only go through the process once. The plastic

industry has grown rapidly and has developed many ways of forming plastic. One of which

is Compression Molding, shredded plastic is placed in an open mold and preheated. After

that, the mold is closed with high pressure that the material is in full contact with all the

mold cavity surfaces. Heat and pressure is maintained until the plastic formed the shape

of the mold. This type of molding is used for high volume material with high strength.

The advantages of Compression Molding are the low cost, high rate production, low

production time, and low labor.

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Local Studies and Literature

Wastes and Recycling In Metropolitan Manila, Philippines

Waste generation in the Philippines estimated to be 5,350 tons per day. Paper,

plastics, and metals make up to 37% of solid waste in Metropolitan Manila. Recycling is

estimated to account for only 200 tons per day. NGOs and private collectors provide

recycling services on small-scale basis. Scavengers perform other recycling. These

scavengers operate on the streets, during collection and at disposal sites. Landfills and

incinerators dont make solid waste disappear and can result in air and water pollution.

Approximately 40,000 to 50,000 scavengers live this dangerous lifestyle during July 10,

2000 when a massive 50ft wall of solid waste slides down and buries hundreds at Payatas

dump site. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority collects waste in its street

sweeping, river cleansing, and support of local collection activities. The bill Zero Waste

Management as a part of national policy was approved by national legislature in July

2000. This bill requires LGUs to divert recyclables to material recovery facilities. The

government could lead the waste prevention strategies by discouraging the use of non-

recyclable product and materials and requiring recycling facilities in construction or

remodeling of government facilities in order to reduce wastes. In Bustos, Bulacan the

Local Health Board waste reduction program volunteers constructed backyard compost

pits and household storage bins for recyclable and reusable materials to help residents

get started. Waste haulers could be encouraged to invest in recycling equipment to assist

in recycling. Manila can develop an environmentally and economically sound waste

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management policy, which focuses on waste prevention, reuse, recycling, and

composting. In Pennsylvania, local governments and companies was awarded $38 million

in funds to expand recycling markets and economic development opportunities. New

Yorks Empire State Development Environmental Management Investment Groups has a

multi-million dollar program that created and retained 681 jobs and produced installation

of industrial capacity to use 940,000 tons of recycles materials. As stated on the

examples, much can be accomplished with capital investment in recycling. In addition,

the local government, businesses, and residents can benefit from direct financial

assistance or provision of recycling equipment.

Study on Recyclables Collection Trends and Best Practices in the Philippines

Waste are either disposed in the landfills or brought to waste facilities where they

may be further sorted manually (by organized groups of scavengers as in the case of the

Payatas, Clark and Montalban waste facilities) so that recyclables in the waste stream can

be temporarily stored for eventual sale to private recyclers or for further processing or

re-use. Upon reaching the recycling facility, the recyclables are transformed into useful

raw materials or finished products through a variety of locally available technologies.

Large recycling facilities are used to recycle papers, plastics, scrap metals, electronics

waste, and glass. Small community recycling uses laminates, spent ink/toner cartridges,

and also plastic but in a less capital-intensive way. These community-based recycling

program shown that there is money to be made by creating finished products made from

recycled waste and post-consumer waste. There are some variances with data from

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Mindanao in Southern Philippines, where five major types of recyclables are traded: glass,

plastic, paper, lead acid batteries and metals, with the latter as the largest in terms of

volume traded as well as income generated (94% out of 70 junk shops). These, however,

rarely come from households. Waste paper and plastics are the least traded and thus

more likely to end up in the landfills/ dumps, suggesting that collection and recycling

opportunities for these materials (such as PET plastics) remain untapped.

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Chapter 3

CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Conceptual Framework
(Start) PROTOTYPING RESULT
RESEARCH AND
Hardware The Plastic-Recycling Bin
DEVELOPMENT
Maker Controlled via
Arduino Mega
Research Data Arduino using touch screen
2560
system with temperature
Plastics
Max6657 Module sensor
Plastic Recycling with Type-K
(GARBAGE BIN MAKER)
Thermocouple
Machines for
OUTPUT
Recycling Relay 8 Channel
Module for Garbage bin made out of
Mechanisms
Arduino recycled plastic.
Planning
3.2 Inch 320240
Design TFT LCD Touch
Requirement Screen Module for
Arduino
Design Concept TESTING/MAINTENANCE
Planning and Chassis
Prototype Testing
Updating
Building Machines
Control System
Feedback (Sources)
Plastic Grinder Test
Payatas
Electric Oven Grinding Test
Environmental
Engineer Compressor Oven
Temperature Test
Student Panel Software
Compressor Test
Project Design Programming
Panel Language C++ Maintenance

Arduino IDE Daily Testing and

Monitoring
Windows
FEEDBACK
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Alpha Testing

Testing of
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The chart above shows the researchers process on how the project/machine was

created. This follows the steps that the group went through.

Research and Development starts by collecting research data about the topic and

project design gathered by the researchers. After that, Planning what, where, when,

and how to do the design is decided along with looking getting the prices needed for

the machineries. The researchers have taken into account the feedback given before

project approval by the sources listed in the chart.

Prototyping is done to test the concept of the research. Gathering the necessary

Hardware and making the machines to be used is done one at a time in order to

reduce stress to the group and so that all parts can be checked if it is up to the

standard needed in the project. Alpha test meant the first phase of testing in a

software development process. The researchers did the alpha test by testing/using

parts of the machine one-by-one, with the necessary control system it will be

integrated with, before compiling/assembling the whole project in order to test the

portability for the presentation.

All the hardware along with the software should be functioning properly before

assembling the project. After all the process mentioned above should be a fully-

operational project design. Feedback is important to the success of a project. The

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thermocouple will show the temperature used and the output plastic garbage bin

should give the user an idea on what to adjust for a feedback.

Theoretical Framework

The Theoretical Analysis of this study is focused on scalability and advancing the

existing hardware for recycling and adding a components to further improve its basis.

Moreover, the use of sensors and control systems helps the human/user to gather data

in order to determine the best setting for their use.

Plastic Recycling is done by making something new out of used and old plastic bottles

collected from various sources. The The Plastic-Recycling Bin Maker Controlled via

Arduino using touch screen system with temperature sensor is a 220VAC machine that

uses the primary method of recycling plastic. Primary method of plastic recycling is

making another product out of the plastic used. The Garbage Bin Maker does this process

by compressing plastic bits into its mold and creating the said output. This is the most

used way recycle plastic, but this machine does this in a small scale without hurting

scalability in addition to minimum human interface and reusability.

Creating the garbage bin maker was done through the process mentioned and showed

in the conceptual framework (creating the machines, operating it using the firmware,

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alpha-testing, full assembly). This project uses an Arduino Mega 2560 as a microcontroller

attached with a couple of Arduino Module/Shield to bring more functionality to the arduino

and the machine. MAX6657 is a 2 channel digital temperature sensor that converts

thermoelectricity of a type-K Thermocouple into digital temperature to be read by the

Arduino. The Relay Module is used to give the arduino control of the 220V inputs of the

project.

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