Myrtales

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Myrtales

Lumnitzera littorea

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids

Clade: Malvids

Order: Myrtales
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl[1]

Families

Alzateaceae
Combretaceae
Crypteroniaceae
 Lythraceae
Melastomataceae
Myrtaceae
Onagraceae
Penaeaceae
Vochysiaceae

Blue Eyes Fuchsia flower and buds, from order Myrtales and family Onagraceae

The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the
publishing of the Eucalyptus grandis genome in June 2014.[2] The APG III system of classification
for angiosperms still places it within the eurosids. The following families are included as of APG III:[1]

Alzateaceae S. A. Graham
Combretaceae R. Br. (leadwood family)
Crypteroniaceae A. DC.
Lythraceae J. St.-Hil. (loosestrife and pomegranate family)
Melastomataceae Juss. (including Memecylaceae DC.)
Myrtaceae Juss. (myrtle family; including Heteropyxidaceae Engl. &
Gilg, Psiloxylaceae Croizat)
Onagraceae Juss. (evening primrose family)
Penaeaceae Sweet ex
Guill. (including Oliniaceae Arn., Rhynchocalycaceae L. A. S. Johnson
& B. G. Briggs)
Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil.
The Cronquist system gives essentially the same composition, except the Vochysiaceae are
removed to the order Polygalales, and the Thymelaeaceaeare included. The
families Sonneratiaceae, Trapaceae, and Punicaceae are removed from the Lythraceae. In the
classification system of Dahlgren the Myrtales were in the superorder Myrtiflorae (also called
Myrtanae). The APG III system agrees with the older Cronquist circumscriptions of treating
Psiloxylaceae and Heteropyxidaceae within Myrtaceae, and Memecyclaceae within
Melastomataceae.
Ellagitannins are reported in dicotyledoneous angiospermes, and notably in species in the order
Myrtales.[3]

Origins[edit]
 Myrtales is dated to have begun 8999 million years ago (mya) in Australasia. There is some
contention as to that date however, which was obtained using nuclear DNA. When looking at
chloroplast DNA, the myrtales ancestor is instead considered to have evolved in the mid-Cretaceous
period (100 mya) in Southeast Africa, rather than in Australasia.[4] Although the APG system
classifies myrtales as within the eurosids, the recently published genome of Eucalyptus
grandis places the order myrtales as a sister to the eurosids rather than inside them. The
discrepancy is thought to have arisen due to the difference between using a large number of taxa
versus using a large number of genes for constructing a phylogeny.[2]

References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of
the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and
families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean
Society, 161 (2): 105121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x,
retrieved 2010-12-10
2. ^ Jump up to:a b Myburg, A.A.; Grattapaglia, D.; Tuskan, G.A.; Hellsten,
U.; Hayes, R.D.; Grimwood, J.; Jenkins, J.; Lindquist, E.; Tice, H.;
Bauer, D.; et al. (2014). "The genome of Eucalyptus
grandis". Nature. 510: 356.
3. Jump up^ Yoshida, Takashi; Amakura, Yoshiaki; Yoshimura, Morio
(2010). "Structural Features and Biological Properties of Ellagitannins
in Some Plant Families of the Order Myrtales". Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11: 79
106. doi:10.3390/ijms11010079.
4. Jump up^ Grattapaglia, D., Vaillancourt, R. E., Shepherd, M.,
Thumma, B. R., Foley, W., Kulheim, C., Potts, B. M., and Myburg,
A. A. (2012). Progress in myrtaceae genetics and genomics:
Eucalyptus as the pivotal genus. Tree Genetics and Genomes 8, 463
508.

Conti, E.; Erikkson, T.; Schonenberger, J.; Sytsma, K. J.; Baum, D.

A. (2002). "Early Tertiary Out-of-India Dispersal of Crypteroniaceae:
Evidence from Phylogeny and Molecular Dating". Evolution. 56 (10):
19311942. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00119.x.
Schnenberger, J.; Conti, E. (2003). "Molecular phylogeny and
floral evolution of Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae,
and Alzateaceae (Myrtales)". American Journal of Botany. 90: 293
309. PMID 21659121. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.2.293.

External links[edit]
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This page was last edited on 31 May 2017, at 08:59.
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