Index
Note: Page numbers followed by f refer to figures; those followed by t refer to tables.
A Acute myeloid leukemia
Abacterial prostatitis, chronic, 540-541
Abdomen, spindle cell tumors of,
immunohistochemistry panel
interpretation for, 15t
Abscess
bone, vs. osteoid osteoma, 839
brain, 1040-1041, 1040f
breast
subareolar, 701-702, 702f
vs. diabetic mastopathy, 705
vs. granulomatous lobar mastitis, 703
hepatic
bacterial, 413, 414f
parasitic, 413
splenic, vs. cytomegalovirus infection, 830
Acantholytic dermatosis, transient, vs.
pemphigus, 75
Acanthoma, clear cell, 84, 84f
vs. poroma, 93
Acanthosis, glycogen, of esophagus, 321-322,
322f
Acanthosis nigricans, vs. seborrheic keratosis, 83
Acid-fast bacilli, Ziehl-Neelsen staining of, 6, 7f
Acinar cell adenocarcinoma
of prostate gland, 548-549
vs. well-differentiated pancreatic neoplasm,
457
Acinar cell carcinoma
of exocrine pancreas, 455, 455f
of salivary glands, 161-162, 162f
vs. invasive ductal adenocarcinoma, 454
vs. pancreatoblastoma, 456
vs. solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, 459
Acne vulgaris, 77-78, 77f
Acquired cystic kidney disease, 515-516, 515f
vs. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney
disease, 515
Acquired melanocytic nevus, 101-103, 102f
variants of, 101-103, 102f
Acral lentiginous melanoma, 103
Actinic cheilitis, vs. leukoplakia, 193
Actinic keratosis, 85-86, 86f
Actinomycosis, vs. nocardiosis, 247
Acute bronchiolitis, 225t
Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, 1046
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, 1046
Acute interstitial pneumonia, 226-227, 226f
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 816-817
Acute necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis, 955
Acute respiratory distress syndrome, 226-227,
227t
Acute thyroiditis, vs. granulomatous
thyroiditis, 122-123
Adamantinoma, 871-872, 872f
vs. osteofibrous dysplasia, 865
Addison disease, 461-462, 462f
differential diagnosis of, 462
primary, 461
secondary, 461
Adenocarcinoma. See specific type and at
anatomic site.
Adenofibroma
endometrial, 637, 637f
papillary, vs. endocervical polyp, 617
vs. endometrial adenosarcoma, 638
vs. endometrial polyp, 631
Adenohypophysis, spindle cell oncocytoma of
vs. pituicytoma, 1030
vs. pituitary adenoma, 1030
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
cytoarchitectural patterns of, 160-161
of breast, 735, 735f
of salivary glands, 160-161, 160f
of trachea, 214, 215f
vs. basal cell adenoma, 158
vs. epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, 166
vs. polymorphous low-grade
adenocarcinoma, 163
vs. small cell carcinoma, 170
Adenoma. See specific type and at anatomic site.
Adenomatoid hamartoma, respiratory epithelial
vs. nasal polyp, 176
vs. sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma, 180
Adenomatoid nodule
vs. Graves disease, 126
vs. thyroglossal duct cyst, 129
Adenomatoid tumor
fallopian tube, 691, 691f
myometrial, 646-647, 647f
odontogenic, 202-203, 202f
paratesticular, 577-578, 577f
vs. myometrial adenomyosis, 643
vs. Sertoli cell tumor, 573
Adenomatous hyperplasia, atypical, 260-261,
260f
prostatic, 543-544
vs. prostatic adenocarcinoma, 550-551
vs. prostatic basal cell carcinoma, 553
Adenomatous polyp, vs. hyperplastic gastric
polyp, 339
Adenomyoma, atypical polypoid, endometrial,
636-637, 636f
Adenomyosis, myometrial, 643, 643f
Adenopathy, HIV-associated
vs. autoimmune lymphoproliferative
syndrome, 754
vs. progressive transformation of germinal
centers, 753
Adenosarcoma
of endometrium, 637-638, 638f
vs. endometrial adenofibroma, 637
vs. endometrial polyp, 631
vs. endometrial stromal sarcoma,
641-642
Adenosis
breast, 709-710, 709f
vs. tubular carcinoma, 730
sclerosing. See Sclerosing adenosis.
vaginal, 613, 613f
Adenosquamous carcinoma
of pancreas, 453
of prostate gland, 554-555
of uterine cervix, 626-627
poorly differentiated. See Glassy cell
carcinoma.
vs. metaplastic carcinoma, 732
vs. prostatic epithelial metaplasia, 545
Adenovirus infection, in immunocompromised
patients, 352-353
Adnexal carcinoma, microcystic. See
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma.
Adrenal cortical adenoma, 466-469
ACTH-dependent, 464
ACTH-independent, 464
clinical features of, 466
Conn syndrome and, 466-467
Cushing syndrome and, 466-467
differential diagnosis of, 468
histopathology of, 466-467, 467f-469f
oncocytic, 467
pathology of, 466, 467f-469f
1071
1072 Index
Adrenal cortical adenoma (Continued)
pigmented, 467
vs. malignant melanoma, 481
vs. adrenal cortical carcinoma, 470
vs. adrenal cortical hyperplasia, 466
vs. congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 464
vs. pheochromocytoma, 475
Adrenal cortical carcinoma, 470-472, 471f
vs. adrenal cortical adenoma, 468
vs. renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type, 522
Adrenal gland
congenital hyperplasia of, 463-464, 463f
cortex of
adenoma of. See Adrenal cortical
adenoma.
carcinoma of, 470-472, 471f
vs. adrenal cortical adenoma, 468
vs. renal cell carcinoma, clear cell
type, 522
hyperplasia of, 464-466
insufficiency of, 461-462, 462f
cysts of, 482-483
ganglioneuroblastoma of, 476-477
ganglioneuroma of, 475-476, 476f
malignant melanoma of, 478f, 480-481
metastatic tumors of, 484-485, 484f
myelolipoma of, 481-482, 482f
neuroblastoma of, 477-479, 478f,
479t-480t
pheochromocytoma of, 473-475, 474f
pseudocysts of, 482-483, 483f
Adrenal medullary hyperplasia, 472-473,
472f
Adrenogenital syndrome, 463-464, 463f
classic form of, 463
lipoid, 463, 463f
nonclassic form of, 463
Adrenoleukodystrophy, vs. demyelinating
diseases, 1046
Adrenomyeloneuropathy, vs. demyelinating
diseases, 1046
Adult granulosa cell tumor
ovarian, 667-668, 667f
vs. malignant serous tumor, 657
vs. hypercalcemic small cell carcinoma, 686
vs. juvenile granulosa cell tumor, 669
Adult (autosomal dominant) polycystic kidney
disease, 514-515, 514f
vs. acquired cystic kidney disease, 516
Adult rhabdomyoma, 918-919
differential diagnosis of, 919
vs. granular cell tumor, 924
Agarose gel electrophoresis, 32
Alcian blue stain, 4f, 6
Alcoholic hepatitis, vs. viral hepatitis, 413
Alcoholic liver disease, 415-416
Alcoholic steatohepatitis, 415-416, 416f
vs. fatty liver of pregnancy, 418
Alcohols, used in fixation, 2
Aldehydes, used in fixation, 2
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, vs.
aspergillosis, 250
Allergic contact dermatitis, 50
Allergic (eosinophilic) esophagitis, 316f
Allergic fungal sinusitis, 175, 175f
Allergy, cows milk, vs. eosinophilic
gastroenteritis, 364
Allograft rejection, in liver transplantation, 425
Alopecia areata, vs. lichen planopilaris, 45
Alveolar adenoma
diagnostic features of, 259t
vs. atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, 261
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. See also
Rhabdomyosarcoma.
head and neck, 188
metastatic, vs. precursor B-cell lymphoblastic
lymphoma, 781
soft tissue, 920, 920f
vs. alveolar soft part sarcoma, 945
vs. Burkitt lymphoma, 784
vs. desmoplastic small round cell tumor, 944
vs. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral
neuroectodermal tumor, 942-943
vs. precursor B-cell lymphoblastic
lymphoma, 781
Alveolar sarcoma
soft part, 944-945, 944f
vs. paraganglioma, 928
Alzheimer disease, 1047-1049, 1047f
plaque in, Congo red staining of, 5f
Amebiasis, 377-378, 377f
Amelanotic melanoma
metastatic, vs. lymphoepithelial carcinoma,
171
vs. ciliary body adenoma, 1059
Ameloblastic fibroma, vs. ameloblastoma, 201
Ameloblastoma
acanthomatous pattern of, 201
follicular pattern of, 200
oral cavity, 200-201, 200f
plexiform pattern of, 200
vs. adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, 203
American cutaneous leishmaniasis, 70
Amiodarone toxicity, vs. bleomycin toxicity,
241, 242f
Amplification methods, 25-31
ligase chain reaction, 30
nucleic acid, 25-30, 26f-27f, 28t-29t
nucleic acid sequencebased, 30
PCR, 25
signal, 30-31
strand displacement, 30
transcription-mediated, 30
Amplification refractory mutation system
(ARMS), 27
Amyloid, electron microscopy of, 10
Amyloid angiopathy, 1037f
Amyloid goiter, vs. multinodular goiter, 127
Amyloidosis, 762-763, 762f
cardiac, 956-957, 957f
differential diagnosis of, 957
laryngeal, 210-211, 210f
pulmonary, vs. inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor, 273
splenic, 834, 834f
vs. vasculitis, 828
Anal canal, 401-404
adenocarcinoma of, 404
carcinoma of, 402-403, 402f
condyloma acuminatum of, 401, 401f, 403
intraepithelial squamous neoplasia of, 402-
403, 402f
neoplasia of, 403f
Paget disease of, 404
Anaplastic astrocytoma, 988-991, 989f
Anaplastic ependymoma, 999-1000
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 119-120,
120f
nodal, 781-783, 782f
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 766
vs. mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma,
788
vs. nodular sclerosing Hodgkin
lymphoma, 772
vs. peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 785
vs. Rosai-Dorfman disease, 764
splenic, vs. Hodgkin lymphoma, 804
Anaplastic meningioma, 1021
vs. secondary CNS tumor, 1034
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 996-997
Anaplastic small cell hepatoblastoma, vs.
embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma,
444
Androgen insensitivity syndrome, vs. Sertoli
cell tumor, 573
Anemia, autoimmune hemolytic, 810-811,
810f
vs. hereditary spherocytosis, 808
Aneurysmal bone cyst, 878-879, 878f
secondary, 879
vs. chondroblastoma, 853
vs. clear cell chondrosarcoma, 859
vs. giant cell reparative granuloma, 871
vs. osteoblastoma, 841
vs. telangiectatic osteosarcoma, 844
vs. unicameral bone cyst, 879
Angiocentric glioma, 1003-1004
vs. astroblastoma, 1002
Angiofibroma
nasopharyngeal, 177-178, 177f
vs. nasal polyp, 177
Angiofollicular hyperplasia. See Castleman
disease.
Angiokeratoma, 105-106, 106f
Angioleiomyoma, 109-110, 110f, 922
Angiolipoma, 912-913, 912f
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, 938, 938f
Angiomatosis, bacillary
vs. pyogenic granuloma, 107
vs. splenic angiosarcoma, 821
vs. splenic inflammatory pseudotumor, 825
Angiomyofibroblastoma
of vulva, 608, 608f
vs. aggressive angiomyxoma, 609
Angiomyolipoma
renal, 517-518, 517f
vs. renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type,
522
vs. liposarcoma/lipomatous tumor, 915
Angiomyxoma, aggressive
of vulva, 608-609, 608f
vs. angiomyofibroblastoma, 608
vs. leiomyosarcoma, 609
vs. myxoma, 937
Angiosarcoma
breast, 738-740, 739f-740f
postmastectomy (Stewart-Treves
syndrome), 740-741
vs. hemangioma, 738
vs. pseudoangiomatous stromal
hyperplasia, 714
cardiac, 968
cutaneous, 108-109, 109f

Angiosarcoma (Continued)
epithelioid
vs. epithelioid sarcoma, 941
vs. hemangioendothelioma, 934
vs. primary malignant pericardial tumor,
971
hepatobiliary, 442, 442f
vs. epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,
441
vs. hepatic hemangioma, 440
vs. infantile hemangioendothelioma, 441
osseous, 862, 862f
vs. epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,
861
vs. hemangioma, 860
pericardial, 971
postirradiation, vs. postmastectomy
angiosarcoma, 741
soft tissue, 934-935, 935f
splenic, 820-821, 820f
vs. hemangioma, 930
vs. Kaposi sarcoma, 108
vs. littoral cell angioma, 819
vs. nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, 178
vs. salivary hemangioma, 157
vs. splenic hemangioma, 818
Ankylostoma duodenale infestation (hookworm),
379
Antiglomerular basement membrane disease,
237-238
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t
1-Antitrypsin deficiency, 420-421, 420f
Aonchotheca (Capillaria) philippinensis
infestation, 378-379, 378f
Aortic dissection, 984-985, 984f
Aortic valve, 959f
calcific disease of, 960-961
regurgitation of, 959-960
pure, 960-961
stenosis of, 959-960
Aortitis
giant cell, 973f
isolated, 975
Apocrine adenoma, tubular, vs.
syringocystadenoma papilliferum, 97
Apocrine carcinoma, of breast, 733-734, 734f
vs. granular cell tumor, 706
Apocrine neoplasms, of skin, 91
Aponeurotic fibroma, calcifying, 896-897, 896f
vs. calcifying fibrous pseudotumor, 900
vs. superficial fibromatosis, 894
Appendiceal adenocarcinoma, 406-407, 406f
Appendicitis, 405
Appendix, 404-405, 404f
carcinoids of, 407, 407f-408f
metastatic disease to, 409
neoplasms of, 405f-406f
ruptured, 407
Arachnoid cyst, vs. neuraxial cyst, 1027
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia,
952
Arteriovenous malformation, 1035-1036, 1035f
Arteritis
giant cell, 973-974, 974f
healed, vs. fibromuscular dysplasia, 983
necrotizing, 977f
vs. thromboangiitis obliterans, 982
Takayasu, 973-975
Arthritis
osteo-. See Osteoarthritis.
rheumatoid. See Rheumatoid arthritis.
Asbestosis, 239-240, 239f
Ascariasis, 413-414
Aspergillosis, 249-250, 250f
in immunocompromised patients, 352-353
Aspergillus
diagnostic features of, 250t
Grocott methenamine silver stain of, 6f
Aspergillus esophagitis, 313
Asthma, 222, 222f
vs. chronic bronchitis, 222
Astroblastoma, 1002-1003
vs. angiocentric glioma, 1004
vs. ependymoma, 1000
vs. papillary glioneuronal tumor, 1009
Astrocytic tumors, 988-991. See also specific
tumor.
Astrocytoma. See also specific variant for details.
anaplastic, 988-991, 989f
diffuse, 988-991
oligodendroglioma and, 998
pilocytic, 992-993, 992f
pilomyxoid, 993
pure, vs. mixed gliomas, 998
subependymal giant cell, 995-996, 995f
vs. angiocentric glioma, 1004
vs. cerebral infarct/hematoma, 1038
vs. demyelinating diseases, 1046
vs. pineocytoma, 1016
vs. progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy, 1045
Atheroembolism, cholesterol, vs. medium-vessel
vasculitis, 976
Atherosclerosis, vs. fibromuscular dysplasia,
983
Atopic dermatitis, 51
Atresia
esophageal, 310-311
intestinal, 346-347
Atrophic vulvitis, chronic, 599, 599f
Atrophic-type adenocarcinoma, of prostate
gland, 550
Atrophy
cervical, vs. cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia, 619-620
cystic, vs. endometrial hyperplasia, 631
vaginal, vs. vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia,
612
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, 1013
vs. choroid plexus carcinoma/papilloma,
1014
Autoeczematization reaction, 51
Autoimmune encephalitis, nonspecific, vs.
encephalitis/meningoencephalitis, 1044
Autoimmune gastritis, vs. Helicobacter pylori
gastritis, 333
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 810-811,
810f
vs. hereditary spherocytosis, 808
Autoimmune hepatitis, 421-422, 421f
vs. drug-induced liver disease, 415
vs. viral hepatitis, 413
Autoimmune hepatitisPBC syndrome, vs.
biliary cirrhosis, 422
Autoimmune inflammation, Addison disease
due to, 462f
Index 1073
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome,
754-755, 754f, 795-796, 796f
vs. follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, 747
vs. HIV-associated lymphadenopathy, 748
vs. infectious mononucleosis, 749
Autoimmune pancreatitis, 445-446, 446f
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease,
514-515, 514f
vs. acquired cystic kidney disease, 516
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease,
512, 512f
vs. medullary cystic kidney disease, 514
vs. medullary sponge kidney, 513
vs. renal dysplasia, 511
Avascular necrosis, osteoarthritis secondary to,
883
B
Bacillary angiomatosis
vs. pyogenic granuloma, 107
vs. splenic angiosarcoma, 821
vs. splenic inflammatory pseudotumor, 825
Bacille Calmette-Gurin cystitis, 492-493
Bacteria, histologic staining of, 6, 7f
Bacterial abscess, hepatic, 413, 414f
Bacterial cellulitis, vs. pyoderma gangrenosum,
60
Bacterial cystitis, 490
vs. interstitial (Hunner) cystitis, 494
vs. treatment-related cystitis, 493
Bacterial esophagitis, 313
Bacterial infections. See also specific infection.
in immunocompromised patients, 351f-
352f, 352-353
pulmonary, 246-249
pyogenic. See also Abscess.
of spleen, 831-832
Bacterial lymphadenitis
vs. CMV/herpes lymphadenitis, 756
vs. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,
757
Bacterial orchitis, 559-560
Bacterial prostatitis, chronic, 540-541
Balanitis xerotica obliterans, 587, 587f
Bal concentric sclerosis, 1045-1046
Barrett esophagus, 318f
adenocarcinoma associated with, 321,
321f
dysplastic lesions of, 319-320, 319f
vs. squamous papilloma/carcinoma, 326
Bartholin duct cyst, vs. vulvar cyst, 600
Bartholin gland carcinoma, 597, 605-606
Basal cell adenoma
of salivary glands, 158-159, 158f
subtypes of, 158
Basal cell carcinoma, 90-91, 91f
of prostate gland, 552-553
sclerosing, vs. microcystic adnexal
carcinoma, 98
vs. ameloblastoma, 201
vs. basal cell adenoma, 159
vs. dermatofibroma, 113
vs. sebaceous gland carcinoma, 1055
vs. syringoma, 92
vs. trichoepithelioma, 88
vs. vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, 604
Basal cell hyperplasia, prostatic, 543-544,
543f
1074 Index
Basaloid carcinoma
of anal canal, 402f, 403
vs. vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, 604
Basement membrane, electron microscopy of,
8 Bone cyst
B-cell(s), 11
B-cell lymphoma
diffuse large. See Diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma.
extranodal, of small intestine, 400
vs. Castleman disease, 760
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 533
Benign epithelial tumor, diagnostic features of,
259t
Benign familial pemphigus, vs. pemphigus,
75
Benign fibrous histiocytoma, vs. nonossifying
fibroma, 865
Benign lymphoepithelial lesions (Mikulicz
disease), 148-149, 148f
vs. lymphoepithelial carcinoma, 171
vs. sialadenitis, 148
Benign mucinous tumor, ovarian, 657-659,
658f-659f
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, 543, 543f
Benign serous tumor, ovarian, 653-655,
654f-655f
Benign vascular tumors, vs. spiradenoma,
94
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t
vs. immune complex small-vessel vasculitis,
981
Bielschowsky stain, 6
Bile duct adenoma, vs. mesenchymal
hamartoma, 443
Bile duct hamartoma, 432, 432f
vs. mesenchymal hamartoma, 443
vs. peribiliary duct hamartoma, 433
Biliary cirrhosis, 422-423, 422f
vs. sclerosing cirrhosis, 423
vs. viral hepatitis, 413
Biliary cystadenocarcinoma, 433-434, 434f
Biliary cystadenoma, 433-434, 434f
Biliary duct adenoma, 432-433, 433f
Biliary obstruction
extrahepatic or intrahepatic, vs. sclerosing
cirrhosis, 423-424
vs. nonalcoholic fatty liver/nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis, 417
Biliary papillomatosis, 434-435, 435f
Bioprosthetic heart valves, 963
Biopsy, of ileum, 369
Birbeck granules, in Langerhans cell
histiocytosis, 9f
Bladder. See Urinary bladder.
Blastoma, pleuropulmonary, 274-275, 274f
vs. congenital pulmonary airway
malformation, 219
Blastomyces dermatitidis, diagnostic features of,
252t
Blastomycosis, 69f, 70, 254-255, 254f
differential diagnosis of, 252t
Bleomycin toxicity, 241-242, 241f
Blood vessels
heritable disorders of, 983-985, 984f
inflammation of. See Vasculitis.
Blue nevus, 102f, 103
Bone
Paget disease of, 880-881, 880f
vs. metastatic bone tumors, 882
tumors of. See specific tumor.
aneurysmal. See Aneurysmal bone cyst.
unicameral, 879
vs. aneurysmal bone cyst, 879
Borderline leprosy, 68
Borderline mucinous tumor, ovarian, 658f-
659f, 659-660
Borderline serous tumor, ovarian, 654f-655f,
655-656
Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma, vs. fetal/genital
rhabdomyoma, 919
Bouin solution, used in fixation, 2
Bowen disease, 402f, 403, 588f, 589
vs. Bowenoid papulosis, 590
vs. erythroplasia of Queyrat, 589
vs. Paget disease of nipple, 737
vs. squamous cell carcinoma, 86, 87f
Bowenoid papulosis, 402-403, 590
vs. Bowen disease, 589
vs. erythroplasia of Queyrat, 589
Brain abscess, 1040-1041, 1040f
Branch DNA, 31
Branchial cleft cyst, 129-130, 129f
vs. lymphoepithelial cyst, 150
vs. parathyroid cyst, 143
vs. thyroglossal duct cyst, 129
Breast
adenocarcinoma of
HER-2-neu in, immunohistochemistry for,
11f
immunohistochemistry panel for, 14t
villi in, electron microscopy of, 9, 10f
adenoid cystic carcinoma of, 735, 735f
adenoma of, 715-716, 715f
adenosis of, 709-710, 709f
angiosarcoma of, 738-740, 739f-740f
postmastectomy (Stewart-Treves
syndrome), 740-741
apocrine carcinoma of, 733-734, 734f
atypical ductal hyperplasia of, 719-721,
719f-720f
atypical lobular hyperplasia of, 722-723,
722f
carcinoma of, vs. metastatic thyroid tumors,
142
diabetic mastopathy of, 704-705, 705f
ductal carcinoma in situ of, 719-721, 719f-
720f, 721t
fat necrosis of, 704, 704f
fibroadenoma of, 716-717, 716f
fibrocystic changes of, 707-708, 707f-708f
fibromatosis of, spindle cell areas in,
immunohistochemistry comparison of,
14t
granular cell tumor of, 706, 706f
granulomatous lobar mastitis of, 703,
703f
hemangioma of, 738, 738f
infiltrating ductal carcinoma of, 723-725,
724f, 724t
infiltrating lobular carcinoma of, 725-726,
725f
inflammatory carcinoma of, 736, 736f
intraductal papilloma of, 711-713, 711f
Breast (Continued)
juvenile or virginal hypertrophy of, 705-
706, 705f
lesions of, myoepithelial and basal cells in,
antibody panel demonstrating, 15t
lobular carcinoma in situ of, 722-723, 722f
male, carcinoma of, 742-743, 742f
medullary carcinoma of, 727-728, 728f
metaplastic carcinoma of, 732, 732f
metastatic tumors of, 743-744, 743f
mucinous (colloid) carcinoma of, 728-729,
728f
nipple of. See Nipple.
papillary carcinoma of, 730-731, 731f
phyllodes tumor of, 717-719, 718f
plasma cell mastitis of, 702-703, 702f
pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of,
714-715, 714f
radial sclerosing lesion of, 710-711
secretory carcinoma of, 733, 733f
subareolar abscess of, 701-702, 702f
triple negative carcinomas of, 726-727,
727f
tubular carcinoma of, 729-730, 729f
Brenner tumor, 664-665, 664f
Bronchial (bronchogenic) cyst, 220-221, 221f,
283
vs. pericardial cyst, 970
vs. teratoma, 301
vs. thymic cyst, 282
Bronchiectasis, 223-224
Bronchiolar metaplasia, vs. pulmonary
adenocarcinoma, 263
Bronchiolitis, 225t
vs. mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
(MALT) lymphoma, 276
vs. pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis,
277
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 263-265, 264f
nonmucinous, vs. atypical adenomatous
hyperplasia, 261
Bronchitis
chronic, 222
vs. asthma, 223
follicular, vs. mucosa-associated lymphoid
tissue (MALT) lymphoma, 276
Bronchocentric granulomatosis, vs.
aspergillosis, 250
Bronchogenic cyst. See Bronchial
(bronchogenic) cyst.
Bronchopulmonary sequestration, 219-220,
220f
extralobular, 220
intralobular, 220
vs. congenital pulmonary airway
malformation, 219
Brown and Brenn Gram stain, 6
Brown bowel syndrome (ceroidosis), vs.
melanosis coli, 382
Brown tumor, vs. giant cell reparative
granuloma, 871
Brunner gland nodules, vs. small intestinal
adenoma/adenocarcinoma, 360
Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans),
982
Buffering, affecting fixation, 3
Bullous impetigo, vs. subcorneal pustular
dermatosis, 74

Bullous pemphigoid, 75-76, 75f
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t
in inflammatory esophagitis, 315
Burkitt lymphoma, 783-784, 783f
vs. infectious mononucleosis, 749
vs. precursor B-cell lymphoblastic
lymphoma, 781
vs. thymoma, 289
C vs. treatment-related cystitis, 497-498,
Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, 896-897, 896f
vs. calcifying fibrous pseudotumor, 900
vs. superficial fibromatosis, 894
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
(Pindborg tumor), 201-202, 201f
Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, 89, 89f
Calcifying fibrous pseudotumor, 900, 900f
Calcinosis
scrotal, 594, 594f
tumoral, vs. pseudogout, 885
Campylobacteriosis, in immunocompetent
hosts, 349-350
Canalicular adenoma, vs. basal cell adenoma,
158-159
Candida, diagnostic features of, 252t
Candida esophagitis, 313, 313f
Candidiasis
disseminated, 42
in immunocompromised patients, 352-353
vs. inflammatory esophagitis, 315
Capillary gel electrophoresis, 32
Capillary hemangioma, 105-106, 106f
lobular. See Pyogenic granuloma.
orbital, 1066-1067, 1067f
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 1070
soft tissue, 929-930
vs. infantile hemangioendothelioma, 441
Capillary telangiectasia, 1035-1036
Capsular fibrosis, inguinal lymph node, vs.
syphilis, 750
Carbohydrates, histologic staining of, 4-6, 5f
Carcinoid heart disease, 960-961
Carcinoid tumor
atypical, vs. small cell lung carcinoma, 266
of appendix, 407, 407f-408f
of larynx, 213f, 214
of lungs, 269-270, 269f
of ovary, 683-684
of small and large intestine, 360-362,
360f-361f
of stomach, 343f
of thymus, 292
vs. granulosa cell tumor, 574
adult, 668
vs. metastatic thyroid tumors, 142
vs. ovarian mucinous tumor, 658
vs. paraganglioma, 927
vs. Sertoli cell tumor, 671
Carcinoid-adenocarcinoma, mixed, vs.
intestinal carcinoid, 361
Carcinoma. See specific type and at anatomic site.
Carcinoma ex mixed tumor
of salivary glands, 151-152, 152f, 168, 168f
vs. basal cell adenoma, 158
vs. epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, 166
vs. pleomorphic salivary adenoma, 152
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. See
Carcinoma ex mixed tumor.
Carcinoma in situ
ductal. See Ductal carcinoma in situ.
lobular, 722-723, 722f
penile
Bowen disease, 588f, 589
erythroplasia of Queyrat, 588-589, 588f
pulmonary, 258-260
urothelial, 497-498, 498f
vs. interstitial (Hunner) cystitis, 494
498f
vs. urothelial dysplasia, 497
vs. urothelial hyperplasia, 497
Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation
(CASTLE), vs. poorly differentiated thyroid
carcinoma, 139
Carcinosarcoma. See also Sarcomatoid
carcinoma.
of endometrium, 638-639
of fallopian tube, 693
of prostate gland, 548, 550
of salivary gland, 168-169, 169f
of urinary bladder, 509-510
vs. atypical polypoid adenomyoma, 637
vs. carcinoma ex mixed tumor, 168
vs. endometrial adenosarcoma, 638
vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,
508
vs. phyllodes tumor, 718
Cardiac amyloidosis, 956-957, 957f
Cardiac angiosarcoma, 968
Cardiac fibroma, 966
Cardiac myxoma, 964-965, 964f
Cardiac rhabdomyoma, 965-966
Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma, 968
Cardiac sarcoidosis, 958, 958f
Cardiac sarcoma, 968-969
Cardiac valve disease, 959-961, 959f
regurgitant, 959
stenotic, 959
Cardiomyopathy, 949-954
arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
and, 952
differential diagnosis of, 953
dilated, 949-952
hypertrophic, 949-952, 950f
metabolic, 950, 953
mitochondrial, 950
restrictive, 950-952
toxic, 953
Carney complex, gene mutations in, 464
Carney triad, vs. pulmonary hamartoma, 271
Caruncle, urethral, 584, 584f
Castleman disease
nodal, 759-761, 760f
vs. syphilis, 750
splenic, 794-795, 794f
vs. amyloidosis, 834
vs. follicular lymphoma, 802
vs. inflammatory pseudotumor, 825
thymic, 298-299, 298f
vs. thymoma, 289
Cat-scratch disease, 755-756, 755f
vs. CMV/herpes lymphadenitis, 756
vs. granulomatous lobar mastitis, 703
vs. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, 758
vs. infectious mononucleosis, 749
vs. sarcoidosis, 768
Index 1075
Cavernous hemangioma, 105-106, 106f
central nervous system, 1035-1036
soft tissue, 929-930
vs. glomus tumor, 931
vs. intraocular malignant melanoma,
1057-1058
vs. pyogenic granuloma, 107
C-cell hyperplasia, vs. medullary thyroid
carcinoma, 138
Celiac sprue, 356f-357f
Cell(s). See also specific cell.
surface of, electron microscopy of, 9-10
ultrastructure of, electron microscopy of,
8-10
Cellular ependymoma, 999
Cellulitis
bacterial, vs. pyoderma gangrenosum, 60
eosinophilic, 60
orbital. See Orbital cellulitis.
Cementoblastoma, of oral cavity, 203, 204f
Central nervous system
astrocytic tumors of, 988-991
choroid plexus tumors of, 1014-1015
embryonal tumors of, 1010-1012
ependymal tumors of, 999-1000
mixed gliomas of, 998
neoplasms of. See also specific neoplasm.
and related entities, 1017-1020
cytogenetic abnormalities of, 23t-24t
neuroepithelial tumors of, 1002-1003
neuronal and gliomal tumors of,
1004-1006
non-neoplastic conditions of, 1035-1036.
See also specific condition.
oligodendroglial tumors of, 996-998
pineal parenchymal tumors of, 1015-1016
secondary tumors of, 1033-1034, 1033f
Cephalocele
vs. microphthalmos with cyst, 1069
vs. orbital lymphangioma, 1068
Cerebellum, dysplastic ganglioglioma of
(Lhermitte-Duclos), 1005
Cerebral infarction, 1036-1038, 1037f
vs. demyelinating diseases, 1046
Ceroidosis (brown bowel syndrome), vs.
melanosis coli, 382
Cervical atrophy, vs. cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia, 619-620
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 618-620,
619f
vs. condyloma acuminatum, 618
Cervix, uterine. See Uterine cervix.
Chalazion (stye), vs. sebaceous gland
carcinoma, 1055
Cheilitis, actinic, vs. leukoplakia, 193
Chemical esophagitis, 314
Cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor), 435-
436, 435f
vs. angiosarcoma, 442
vs. epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, 441
vs. gallbladder carcinoma, 437
vs. hepatocellular carcinoma, 430
Cholangitis, sclerosing, 423-424, 423f
vs. biliary cirrhosis, 422
Cholera, in immunocompetent hosts,
349-350
Cholesterol atheroembolism, vs. medium-vessel
vasculitis, 976
1076 Index
Chondroblastic osteosarcoma
vs. chondroblastoma, 853
vs. chondrosarcoma, 205
vs. intramedullary chondrosarcoma, 855
Chondroblastoma, 852-853, 852f
vs. chondromyxoid fibroma, 854
vs. clear cell chondrosarcoma, 859
Chondrocalcinosis, osteoarthritis secondary to,
883
Chondrocalcinosiscalcium pyrophosphate
deposition disease (pseudogout), 885
vs. gout, 884
Chondroid syringoma, 92
Chondroid tumors, 848-849. See also specific
tumor.
Chondroma
periosteal, 851-852, 851f
vs. periosteal osteosarcoma, 846
vs. calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, 897
vs. chondrosarcoma, 205
Chondromatosis, synovial, 885-886, 885f
Chondromyxoid fibroma, 853-854, 853f
vs. chondroblastoma, 853
Chondrosarcoma
clear cell, 858-859, 858f
vs. chondroblastoma, 853
dedifferentiated, 856-857, 856f
vs. fibrosarcoma, 867
vs. malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 868
vs. mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, 858
intramedullary, 854-856, 855f
vs. chondromyxoid fibroma, 854
vs. clear cell chondrosarcoma, 859
vs. dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma,
856
juxtacortical, vs. periosteal chondroma,
851
low-grade, vs. enchondroma, 850
mesenchymal, 857-858, 857f
vs. dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, 856
vs. lymphoma, 875
myxoid, vs. ossifying fibromyxoid tumor,
937
of oral cavity, 203-205, 205f
periosteal, vs. periosteal osteosarcoma, 846
secondary joint involved, vs. synovial
chondromatosis, 886
synovial, vs. synovial chondromatosis, 886
vs. chordoma, 877, 1033
vs. osteochondroma, 849
vs. osteosarcoma, 843
Chordoma, 877-878, 877f, 1032-1033, 1032f
vs. chondrosarcoma, 205
vs. choroid glioma, 1003
vs. myxopapillary ependymoma, 1001
Choriocarcinoma
gestational, 697-699, 698f
vs. exaggerated placental site, 694
vs. hydatidiform mole, 696-697
vs. placental site trophoblastic tumor,
699
mediastinal, 304
ovarian, 680-681, 680f
testicular, 570-571, 570f
vs. embryonal carcinoma, 566
vs. seminoma, 564
Choroid glioma, 1003
vs. chordoma, 1033
Choroid meningioma
vs. chordoma, 1033
vs. choroid glioma, 1003
Choroid plexus, normal, vs. choroid plexus
carcinoma/papilloma, 1014
Choroid plexus carcinoma, 1014-1015
vs. secondary CNS tumor, 1034
vs. teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, 1013
Choroid plexus papilloma, 1014-1015
vs. ependymoma, 1000
vs. papillary glioneuronal tumor, 1009
vs. papillary tumor of pineal region, 1017
Choroid plexus tumors, 1014-1015. See also
specific tumor.
Choroidal melanocytoma, vs. intraocular
malignant melanoma, 1058
Choroidal nevus, vs. intraocular malignant
melanoma, 1057-1058
Choroidal osteoma, vs. intraocular malignant
melanoma, 1058
Chromatin, electron microscopy of, 8
Chromoblastomycosis, 70
Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), 34,
35f
Chronic bronchitis, 222
vs. asthma, 223
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, vs.
pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis,
277
Chronic fibrosis pleuritis, vs. mesothelioma,
280
Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia, vs.
unusual interstitial pneumonia, 229-230
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small
lymphocytic lymphoma
morphologic and immunophenotypic
features of, 797t
splenic, 798-799, 798f
vs. mantle cell lymphoma, 801
vs. prolymphocytic leukemia, 800
vs. hairy cell leukemia, 812
vs. hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 813
Chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, vs. mucosa-
associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
lymphoma, 276
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 123-124, 123f
Chronic myelogenous leukemia, 815-816, 815f
Churg-Strauss syndrome, 977-978
clinical and pathologic features of, 243t
splenic involvement in, 827-828
Ciliary body adenoma, 1058-1059, 1058f
Ciliated cyst, vs. vulvar cyst, 601
Cirrhosis, 425-426, 425f
biliary, 422-423, 422f. See also Biliary
cirrhosis.
dysplasia in, vs. hepatocellular carcinoma,
430
Indian childhood, vs. nonalcoholic fatty
liver/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, 417
macroregenerative nodule in, vs.
hepatocellular carcinoma, 430
sclerosing, vs. viral hepatitis, 413
vs. focal nodular hyperplasia, 427
Clark dysplastic nevus, 101-103, 102f
Clear cell acanthoma, 84, 84f
vs. poroma, 93
Clear cell acinic cell carcinoma, vs.
oncocytoma, 156
Clear cell carcinoma
of ovary, 663-664, 663f
of periurethral glands, 585-586, 585f
of thymus, 291
of vagina, 614, 614f
vs. cervical microglandular hyperplasia, 617
vs. dysgerminoma, 677
vs. nephrogenic adenoma, 496
vs. oncocytoma, 156
vs. ovarian malignant serous tumor, 657
vs. perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, 947
vs. yolk sac tumor, 678
Clear cell chondrosarcoma, 858-859, 858f
vs. chondroblastoma, 853
Clear cell cribriform hyperplasia
prostatic, 543-544
vs. cribriform adenocarcinoma, 544
Clear cell ependymoma, 999
vs. oligodendroglioma, 997
Clear cell (nodular) hidradenoma, 95, 95f
Clear cell sarcoma, 945-946, 946f
of kidney, 537, 537f
of small intestine, 396f
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. malignant peripheral nerve sheath
tumor, 929
vs. mesoblastic nephroma, 536
vs. perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, 947
Clear cell syringoma, 92
Clearing, in tissue processing, 2
Clostridium difficileassociated colitis, 372, 372f-
373f, 375
Clot, postmortem, vs. splenic vasculitis, 828
Cocaine abuse, vs. extranodal NK/T-cell
lymphoma, 192
Coccidioides immitis, diagnostic features of,
252t
Coccidioidomycosis, 253-254, 253f
differential diagnosis of, 252t
splenic, 833
Coccidiosis, in immunocompromised patients,
352-353
Colitis
Clostridium difficileassociated, 372, 372f-
373f, 375
collagenous, 373-375, 374f
vs. inflammatory bowel disease, 368
cytomegalovirus-associated, 348f, 351f
diversion, vs. inflammatory bowel disease,
368
infectious (acute self-limited), 372, 375
vs. inflammatory bowel disease, 368
ischemic, 373, 373f, 375
vs. enteric infections, 350
lymphocytic, 373-375, 374f
vs. inflammatory bowel disease, 368
pseudomembranous, vs. enteric infections,
351
radiation, 372-373, 373f, 375
ulcerative, 366f-367f, 367-368
glandular dysplasia in, 310, 371
vs. inflammatory bowel disease, 368
Collagen
electron microscopy of, 10
hyalinized, vs. cardiac amyloidosis, 957
Collagenous colitis, 373-375, 374f
vs. inflammatory bowel disease, 368
Collagenous gastritis, 334
 Index 1077

Collecting ducts of Bellini, carcinoma of, 525-
526, 525f
vs. mucinous tubular and spindle cell
carcinoma, 527
vs. renal cell carcinoma, papillary type, 523
vs. renal medullary carcinoma, 526
Colloid (mucinous) adenocarcinoma
of pancreas, 453-454
of prostate gland, 548-549
vs. epithelial metaplasia, 545
vs. colitis, 376
Colloid cyst, 1026, 1027f
Colonic adenoma, 383f
Colonic mucosal ganglioneuroma, 391f, 394
Colorectal adenocarcinoma
metastatic, immunophenotype of, 16t
vs. villous adenoma, 505
Colorectal carcinoma
classification of, 386-388
clinical features of, 388
diagnosis of, 388-389
differential diagnosis of, 389
histopathology of, 388
pathology of, 388
Colorectal perineuroma, 391f, 394
Common variable immunodeficiency, 795
Concentration, affecting fixation, 3
Condyloma acuminatum. See also Verruca
entries.
anal, 401, 401f, 403
cervical, 617-618, 618f
penile, 588, 588f
vs. benign esophageal lesions, 323
vs. oral squamous papilloma, 194
vs. penile verrucous carcinoma, 592
vs. urothelial squamous cell carcinoma, 507
vs. vaginal squamous papilloma, 611
vulvar, 601-602, 602f
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital
syndrome), 463-464, 463f
classic form of, 463
lipoid, 463, 463f
nonclassic form of, 463
Congenital lobar emphysema, 221-222
Congenital melanocytic nevus, 100-101, 100f
Congenital polycystic disease, vs. cystadenoma,
157
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation,
218-219, 218f
type 1, 219
type 2, 219
type 3, 219
type 4, 219
vs. bronchopulmonary sequestration, 220
vs. pleuropulmonary blastoma, 275
Congestive splenomegaly, 826-827, 826f
vs. autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 811
vs. hereditary spherocytosis, 808
Congo red stain, 4, 5f
Conjunctiva
malignant melanoma of, 1052, 1052f
primary acquired melanosis of, 1052-1053,
1053f
squamous cell carcinoma of, 1054, 1054f
Conn syndrome, adrenal cortical carcinoma
associated with, 466-467, 467f-469f
Connective tissue, histologic staining of, 4,
4f-5f
Connective tissue diseaseassociated vasculitis,
vs. immune complex small-vessel
vasculitis, 981
Consensus PCR method, 26
Constrictive bronchiolitis, 225t
Contact dermatitis, allergic, 50
Contact ulcer, vs. vocal cord nodule or polyp,
209
Conventional intramedullary osteosarcoma,
841-843, 841f
vs. low-grade surface osteosarcoma, 847
vs. osteofibrous dysplasia, 865
vs. periosteal osteosarcoma, 846
vs. telangiectatic osteosarcoma, 844
Cornea, squamous cell carcinoma of, 1054
Corpus luteum, vs. corpus luteum cyst, 648
Corpus luteum cyst, 647-648, 648f
hemorrhagic, vs. endometriosis, 653
Corrosive esophagitis, vs. infectious esophagitis,
313
Costochondral cartilage, prominent, vs.
enchondroma, 850
Cover-slipping, in tissue processing, 2
Cowden disease, 391, 393
Cows milk allergy, vs. eosinophilic
gastroenteritis, 364
Craniopharyngioma, 1031-1032, 1031f
vs. pituitary adenoma, 1029
vs. Rathke cyst, 1027-1028
Creutzfeldt cells, 1046
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 1047-1049
Cribriform basal cell tumors, of prostate gland,
552
Crohn disease, 366-368, 366f
vs. amebiasis, 377
vs. diverticular disease, 363
Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, 390f, 392-393
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, 980
Cryptococcosis, 70, 255, 255f
differential diagnosis of, 252t
Cryptococcus neoformans, diagnostic features of,
252t
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, 227-228,
228f
vs. unusual interstitial pneumonia, 230
Cryptorchidism, 558-559, 558f
Cushing syndrome, adrenal cortical carcinoma
associated with, 466-467, 467f-469f
Cutaneous cyst, 81
Cutaneous leiomyoma, 921-922
Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma, 110-111, 111f
Cutaneous leukoclastic vasculitis, vs. immune
complex small-vessel vasculitis, 981
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 48, 49f
Cutaneous small cell undifferentiated
carcinoma, 115-116, 115f
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, 118-119, 119f
CD30-positive, 119-120, 120f
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 118
Cutaneous tuberculosis, 69
Cylindrical cell papilloma, sinonasal, 179-180
Cylindroma, 94, 94f
malignant, 94
vs. spiradenoma, 94
Cyst(s). See also Pseudocyst(s); specific cyst for
detail.
adrenal, 482-483
branchial cleft, 129-130, 129f
Cyst(s) (Continued)
bronchial (bronchogenic), 220-221, 221f,
283
cutaneous, 81
dermoid. See Dermoid cyst.
echinococcal (hydatid), 413-414
endothelial, 483
enteric duplication, 283
epidermal inclusion, 81-83, 82f
epidermoid. See Epidermoid cyst.
esophageal, 283
foregut, 283-284, 283f
lymphoepithelial. See Lymphoepithelial cyst.
mesothelial, 284
multilocular (cystic nephroma), 530-531,
530f
neuraxial, 1026-1028, 1027f
oral cavity
dentigerous, 198, 198f
radicular, 196-197, 197f
parathyroid, 143
pericardial, 970
salivary duct, 150, 150f
splenic, 821-823, 821f
thymic, 281-282, 282f
thyroglossal duct, 128-129, 128f
Cystadenocarcinoma
biliary, 433-434, 434f
papillary
vs. acinic cell carcinoma, 162
vs. cystadenoma, 157
serous pancreatic, 448-449, 448f
vs. mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 165
Cystadenoma
biliary, 433-434, 434f
endometroid, vs. ovarian endometriosis, 653
mucinous. See Mucinous cystadenoma.
papillary. See Papillary cystadenoma.
salivary gland, 156-157, 156f
serous. See Serous cystadenoma.
Cystic atrophy, vs. endometrial hyperplasia,
631
Cystic fibrosis, vs. bronchiectasis, 224, 224f
Cystic hygroma. See Lymphangioma.
Cystic medial degeneration, 984-985, 984f
Cystic nephroma, 530-531, 530f
vs. mixed epithelial and stromal tumor, 532
vs. multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma,
525
Cystic pancreatic neoplasms, vs. pseudocyst,
447
Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma,
535-536
vs. metanephric adenoma, 519
vs. renal cell carcinoma, papillary type, 523
Cystic teratoma
mature (dermoid cyst), 674-675, 675f
vs. foregut cyst, 284
vs. pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst, 448
vs. thymic cyst, 282
Cystic thymoma, vs. thymic cyst, 282
Cystic Warthin tumor. See also Warthin tumor.
vs. salivary duct cyst, 150
Cysticercosis, vs. neuraxial cyst, 1028
Cystitis, 490
bacterial, 490
infectious, 490
interstitial (Hunner), 493-494
1078 Index
Cystitis (Continued)
noninfectious, 491-492, 492f
treatment-related, 492-493, 493f
Cystitis cystica, 494-495, 494f
vs. bladder adenocarcinoma, 506
Cystitis glandularis, 494-495, 494f
vs. bladder adenocarcinoma, 506
Cytogenetic analysis, 21-22
technical overview of, 21f, 22t-24t
Cytokeratins 7 and 20, immunophenotypic
distribution of, 13t
Cytomegalovirus colitis, 348f, 351f
Cytomegalovirus encephalitis, 1042
Cytomegalovirus esophagitis, 313, 313f
Cytomegalovirus infection
in immunocompromised patients, 351f,
352-353
of spleen, 829-830
Cytomegalovirus lymphadenitis, 756-757
vs. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,
757-758
Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis, vs. infectious
mononucleosis, 749
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia, 245f, 246t,
274-275
Cytometry, flow, 20-21, 20f
Cytoplasm, electron microscopy of, 8-9, 9t
Cytoplasmic granules, classification of, 9t
D Desmoplastic fibroma, 866, 866f
Darier disease, vs. pemphigus, 75
De Quervain thyroiditis, 122-123, 123f
Decalcification, affecting fixation, 3
Degenerate PCR method, 26
Dehydration, in tissue processing, 2
Dementia, 1047-1049, 1047f
Demyelinating diseases, 1045-1047, 1045f. See
also specific disease.
vs. astrocytic tumors, 991
vs. cerebral infarct/hematoma, 1038
Dendritic cell sarcoma, vs. mast cell disease,
762
Dentigerous cyst
of oral cavity, 198, 198f
vs. odontogenic keratocyst, 199
vs. radicular cyst, 197
Denys-Drash syndrome, 533
Dermatitis
interface, 44-45, 55
nodular and diffuse, 59
eosinophils predominant in, 60
histiocytes predominant in, 61-62
neutrophils predominant in, 59
perivascular
superficial, 41
superficial and deep, 54
eosinophils predominant in, 55
lymphocytes predominant in, 54-55
psoriasiform, 52-53, 58-59
with minimal epidermal changes, 41-42,
54-55
eosinophils predominant in, 55
lymphocytes predominant in, 54-55
Dermatitis herpetiformis, 76-77, 76f
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t
Dermatofibroma, 112-113, 112f
vs. dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans,
113-114
Dermatofibroma (Continued)
vs. leiomyoma, 110
vs. neurofibroma, 114
vs. soft tissue leiomyoma, 922
Dermatofibrosarcoma, vs. vulvar
leiomyosarcoma, 609
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 113-114,
113f
vs. cutaneous leiomyosarcoma, 111
vs. dermatofibroma, 112
Dermatomyositis, 50f
Gottron papules in, 50
heliotrope rash in, 50
vs. cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 48
Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, 752,
752f
Dermatophytosis
superficial (tinea), 41f
vs. subcorneal pustular dermatosis, 74
Dermatosis
fibrosing, 78
vesiculobullous, 73
Dermoid cyst, 82
orbital, 1066, 1066f
ovarian, 674-675, 675f
ruptured, vs. orbital pseudotumor, 1064
vs. microphthalmos with cyst, 1069
vs. testicular teratoma, 569
Desmoid tumor. See Fibromatosis.
vs. fibrosarcoma, 867
vs. fibrous dysplasia, 864
vs. low-grade surface osteosarcoma, 847
vs. nonossifying fibroma, 865
Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma/
astrocytoma, 1005
vs. supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal
tumor, 1012-1013
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor, 943-944,
943f
vs. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral
neuroectodermal tumor, 943
Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, vs. microcystic
adnexal carcinoma, 98
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia, 231-232,
231f
vs. cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,
228
Detritic synovitis, vs. pigmented villonodular
synovitis, 887
Devic disease, 1046
Diabetic mastopathy, 704-705, 705f
Diaphragmatic hernia, 311-312
Diffuse alveolar damage, 226-227
vs. cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,
228
Diffuse astrocytoma, 988-991
vs. ependymoma, 1000
vs. gangliocytoma/ganglioglioma, 1005
vs. oligodendroglioma, 997
vs. pilocytic astrocytoma, 992-993
Diffuse bronchiolitis, 225t
Diffuse dermatitis. See Nodular and diffuse
dermatitis.
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine
cell hyperplasia, 261
Diffuse interstitial lung disease, vs. atypical
adenomatous hyperplasia, 261
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
gastric, 344-345
mediastinal, 296-297, 296f
vs. germinoma, 302
nodal, 777-779, 778f
vs. anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 782
vs. angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma,
787
vs. Burkitt lymphoma, 783
vs. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,
758
vs. mantle cell lymphoma, 776
vs. marginal zone lymphoma, 777
vs. myeloid sarcoma, 789
vs. peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 785
vs. precursor B-cell lymphoblastic
lymphoma, 781
splenic, 802-803, 802f
vs. Hodgkin lymphoma, 804
vs. reactive lymphoid hyperplasia without
germinal center formation, 794
Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves disease), 125-126,
125f
Dilated cardiomyopathy, 949-952
Diphyllobothrium latum infestation (fish
tapeworm), 378f, 379
Disseminated juvenile xanthogranuloma, vs.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 816
Diversion colitis, vs. inflammatory bowel
disease, 368
Diverticular disease, 363
Diverticulum
esophageal, 310-311
Meckel, 346-347, 346f
DNA
branch, 31
extraction of, 24
quantification, purity, and integrity of,
24-25
storage of, 25
DNA methylation assays, 37-38
DNA microarray technology, 36
Dot blotting, 34
Drug eruption, fixed, 57f
Drug esophagitis, 314
Drug hepatitis, vs. viral hepatitis, 413
Drug toxicity, vs. fatty liver of pregnancy, 418
Drug-induced vasculitis, 979
Ductal carcinoma in situ, 719-721, 719f-720f,
721t
vs. fibrocystic changes, 708
vs. florid papillomatosis, 714
vs. intraductal papilloma, 712
Ductal cells, in epithelial-myoepithelial
carcinoma, 165
Ductal hyperplasia, atypical, 719-721,
719f-720f
Ductal-type adenocarcinoma, of prostate gland,
547f-548f, 548-549
Duodenum, follicular lymphoma of, 397f, 400
Duplication
esophageal, 310-311
gastric, 328-329
Duplication cyst, enteric, 283
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, 1006-
1007, 1006f
vs. gangliocytoma/ganglioglioma, 1005
vs. oligodendroglioma, 997

Dysgerminoma, 676-677, 676f
vs. choriocarcinoma, 681
vs. clear cell carcinoma, 663
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. embryonal carcinoma, 679
vs. gonadoblastoma, 685
vs. yolk sac tumor, 678
Dyshidrotic dermatitis, 51
Dyspepsia, nonulcer, 332
Dysplastic ganglioglioma, cerebellar
(Lhermitte-Duclos), 1005
Dysplastic nodules, vs. cirrhosis, 426
E vs. adenosquamous carcinoma, 626
Eccrine neoplasms, of skin, 91
Eccrine poroma, vs. clear cell acanthoma,
84
Echinococcal cyst
hydatid, 413-414
parasitic, 483, 822-823
Ectopias, esophageal, 310-311
Ectopic pregnancy, 690-691, 690f. See also
Pregnancy.
vs. salpingitis, 688
Edema, ovarian, 651
vs. fibroma, 666
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type IV, 983, 985
Elastin stain, 4, 4f
Elastofibroma, 893-894, 893f
vs. Gardner fibroma, 898
Electron microscopy, 8-10, 9f-10f
of cell surface, 9-10
of cell ultrastructure, 8-10
of cytoplasm, 8-9, 9t
of extracellular matrix, 10
of filaments and tubules, 9, 10t
of nucleus, 8
of single membranebound structures, 9
scanning microscope in, 8
technical overview of, 8
transmission microscope in, 8
use of, 8
Embedding, in tissue processing, 2
Embryonal carcinoma
mediastinal, 303, 303f
ovarian, 679-680, 679f
testicular, 566-567, 566f
vs. choriocarcinoma, 681
vs. dysgerminoma, 677
vs. seminoma, 564
vs. yolk sac tumor, 568
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. See also
Rhabdomyosarcoma.
head and neck, 188, 919-920, 920f
soft tissue, 919-920, 920f
vaginal, 615-616, 615f
vs. fetal/genital rhabdomyoma, 919
vs. fibrous hamartoma of infancy, 895
vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,
901
vs. lymphoblastic lymphoma, 298
vs. mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, 858
vs. neuroblastoma, 306
Embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma, 443-
444, 444f
vs. mesenchymal hamartoma, 443
Embryonal tumors, of central nervous system,
1010-1012. See also specific tumor.
Emphysema, 224-226, 225f
congenital lobar, 221-222
interstitial, 226
Encephalitis, 1041-1044
vs. cerebral infarct/hematoma, 1038
vs. vasculitis, 1039
Encephalomyelitis, acute demyelinating, 1046
Enchondroma, 849-851, 850f
vs. intramedullary chondrosarcoma, 855
Endocarditis, infective, 962-963, 962f
Endocervical carcinoma
immunohistochemistry approach to, 16t
with synchronous squamous cell carcinoma,
Endocervical polyp, 616-617, 616f
Endodermal sinus tumor, mediastinal, 299,
303f-304f
Endometrial adenocarcinoma, 633-636,
633f-634f
direct extension of
vs. cervical adenosquamous carcinoma,
626
vs. cervical invasive adenocarcinoma,
626
endometrioid, immunohistochemistry
approach to, 16t
vs. chronic endometritis, 629
vs. endometrial hyperplasia, 632
Endometrial hyperplasia, 631-632, 632f
vs. atypical polypoid adenomyoma, 637
vs. chronic endometritis, 629
vs. endometrial adenocarcinoma, 636
vs. endometrial polyp, 630
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma
immunohistochemistry approach to, 16t
vs. ovarian malignant mucinous tumor,
660
vs. ovarian malignant serous tumor, 657
vs. yolk sac tumor, 678
Endometrioid carcinoma, vs. Sertoli-Leydig cell
tumor, 672
Endometrioid tumor, ovarian, 661-662, 661f
Endometrioma, 654f-655f
Endometriosis
fallopian, 689, 689f
ovarian, 652-653
vs. bladder adenocarcinoma, 506
vs. cervical adenocarcinoma in situ, 624
vs. colorectal carcinoma, 389
vs. hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst, 648
vs. salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 689-690
Endometritis
acute, 629
chronic, 629-630, 629f
vs. endometrial hyperplasia, 631
Endometrium, 629
adenocarcinoma of. See Endometrial
adenocarcinoma.
adenofibroma of, 637, 637f
adenosarcoma of, 637-638, 638f
atypical polypoid adenomyoma of, 636-637,
636f
hyperplasia of. See Endometrial hyperplasia.
metaplastic carcinoma of, 638-639, 639f
polyps of, 630-631, 630f
vs. endometrial hyperplasia, 631
proliferative, vs. endometrial hyperplasia,
631
Index 1079
Endometrium (Continued)
serous carcinoma of, immunohistochemistry
of, 16t
stromal nodule of, 640-641, 640f
stromal sarcoma of
high-grade, 642
low-grade, 641
Endometroid cystadenoma, vs. ovarian
endometriosis, 653
Endoplasmic reticulum, electron microscopy of,
9
Endothelial cyst, 483
Entamebiasis, 413-414
Enteric duplication cyst, 283
Enteric infections
in immunocompetent hosts, 348f. See also
Immunocompetent hosts.
in immunocompromised patients, 352f. See
also Immunocompromised patients.
Enterobius vermicularis infestation (pinworm),
378-379, 379f
Enterocolitis, lymphocytic, vs. celiac sprue, 357
Enterogenous cyst, 1026
Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, 400,
400f
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), 37
Eosin stains, 3-4
Eosinophilic cellulitis, 60
Eosinophilic esophagitis, 316f
vs. reflux esophagitis, 317
Eosinophilic gastritis, 334
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, 364
Eosinophilic granuloma, 118, 765
vs. chondroblastoma, 853
Eosinophilic myocarditis, 955
differential diagnosis of, 956
Eosinophilic pleuritis, reactive, vs. pulmonary
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 277
Eosinophilic pneumonia, 234-235, 234f
acute, 234
chronic, 234-235
vs. pulmonary Langerhans cell
histiocytosis, 277
Eosinophilic pulmonary disease, 234-235, 234f
Eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates, 979
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, vs. acne
vulgaris, 78
Eosinophils
predominant in dermatitis with minimal
epidermal changes, 55
predominant in nodular/diffuse dermatitis,
60
Ependymal cyst, vs. neuraxial cyst, 1027
Ependymal tumors, of central nervous system,
999-1000. See also specific tumor.
Ependymoblastoma, 1012-1013
Ependymoma, 999-1000, 999f
myxopapillary, 1000-1001
vs. chordoma, 1033
papillary, vs. papillary glioneuronal tumor,
1009
variants of, 999-1000
vs. angiocentric glioma, 1004
vs. astroblastoma, 1002-1003
vs. central and extraventricular
neurocytomas, 1008
vs. choroid plexus carcinoma/papilloma,
1014
1080 Index
Ependymoma (Continued)
vs. medulloblastoma, 1011
vs. meningioma, 1021
vs. papillary tumor of pineal region, 1017
vs. spinal cord paraganglioma, 1010
vs. subependymoma, 1002
Ephelis (iris freckle), 1060
Epidermal inclusion cyst, 81-83, 82f
vs. vulvar cyst, 600
Epidermal nevus
vs. nevus sebaceus, 98
vs. seborrheic keratosis, 83
Epidermal spongiosis, 50-52
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, vs. verrucae,
85
Epidermoid cells, in mucoepidermoid
carcinoma, 164
Epidermoid cyst
orbital, 1066
splenic, 821-822, 821f
vs. craniopharyngioma, 1032
vs. microphthalmos with cyst, 1069
vs. testicular teratoma, 569
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t
vs. bullous pemphigoid, 76
Epididymis, papillary cystadenoma of, 578
Epididymitis, 576-577
Epithelial cysts, 483
Epithelial metaplasia, of prostate gland,
545
Epithelial neoplasms
benign, diagnostic features of, 259t
cytogenetic abnormalities in, 23t-24t
malignant, 261
vs. angiosarcoma, 109
Epithelial papilloma, of fallopian tube, 692,
692f
Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
of salivary glands, 165-166, 166f
vs. adenoid cystic carcinoma, 161
Epithelial-stromal tumors, ovarian, 653. See
also specific tumor.
Epithelioid angiosarcoma
vs. epithelioid sarcoma, 941
vs. hemangioendothelioma, 934
vs. primary malignant pericardial tumor,
971
Epithelioid cell tumor, perivascular, 946-947,
947f
Epithelioid cyst, splenic
vs. hematoma, 835
vs. parasitic cyst, 822
vs. pseudocyst, 822
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
hepatic, 441, 441f
vs. angiosarcoma, 442
vs. cholangiocarcinoma, 436
vs. hemangioma, 440
osseous, 860-861, 860f
vs. angiosarcoma, 862
vs. hemangioma, 860
penile, 592
soft tissue, 933-934, 933f
vs. angiosarcoma, 935
vs. thymic carcinoma, 291
Epithelioid hemangioma, 930
vs. angiosarcoma, 109
Epithelioid sarcoma, 940-941, 941f
penile, 593-594, 593f
sclerosing, 906-907, 907f
vs. hemangioendothelioma, 934
vs. ischemic fasciitis, 893
vs. vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, 604
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor
vs. exaggerated placental site, 694
vs. gestational choriocarcinoma, 698
Epithelioid variant, of salivary myoepithelioma,
153
Epithelioma, sebaceous. See Sebaceoma.
Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis, 1042
Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis, vs. viral hepatitis,
413
Epstein-Barr virusassociated
lymphoproliferative disorders, 979
Erosive gastritis, acute, 330-331, 330f
vs. Helicobacter pylori gastritis, 334
vs. peptic ulcer disease, 335
Erythema elevatum diutinum, vs.
leukocytoclastic vasculitis, 72
Erythema induratum, vs. erythema nodosum,
80
Erythema multiforme, 46f
in inflammatory esophagitis, 315
vs. fixed drug eruption, 57
vs. graft-versus-host disease, 47
Erythema nodosum, 79-80, 80f
Erythema nodosum migrans, 79
Erythroplasia of Queyrat, 588-589, 588f
vs. Bowen disease, 589
vs. Bowenoid papulosis, 590
Escherichia coli infection, in immunocompetent
hosts, 347-350, 348f
Esophageal adenocarcinoma, vs. Barrett
esophagus, 319-320
Esophageal atresia, 310-311
Esophageal cyst, 283
vs. thymic cyst, 282
Esophageal diverticula, 310-311
Esophageal duplication, 310-311
Esophageal ectopia
gastric, 310-311
pancreatic, 310-311
sebaceous, 310-311
Esophageal (diaphragmatic) hernia, 311-312
Esophageal necrosis, acute, vs. injurious
esophagitis, 314
Esophageal rings, 311-312
Esophageal webs, 311
Esophagitis
eosinophilic, 316f
infectious, 313f
inflammatory, 315-316
injurious, 314
reflux, 309, 317-318
Esophagus, 310-312
Barrett, 318f
adenocarcinoma associated with, 321,
321f
dysplastic lesions of, 319-320, 319f
vs. squamous papilloma/carcinoma,
326
benign lesions of, 322f
congenital and acquired abnormalities of,
310-312, 310f
granular cell tumor of, 323-324, 323f
Esophagus (Continued)
metastatic disease to, 409-410
rare neoplasms of, 327-328
squamous cell carcinoma of, 324f
variants of, 326-327
squamous papilloma of, 324f
undifferentiated carcinoma of, 326
differential diagnosis of, 327
Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory
neuroblastoma), 187-188, 187f
vs. extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, 192
vs. sinonasal melanoma, 190
Ethanol, used in fixation, 2
Ewing sarcoma, 872-874, 873f
extraskeletal, 942-943, 942f
vs. desmoplastic small round cell tumor,
944
vs. adrenal neuroblastoma, 306, 479
vs. Burkitt lymphoma, 784
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, 858
vs. precursor B-cell lymphoblastic
lymphoma, 781
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 921
vs. sinonasal melanoma, 190
Exaggerated placental site, 694
vs. placental site trophoblastic tumor, 699
Exophytic papilloma, sinonasal, 179
Extracellular matrix, electron microscopy of,
10
Extragastrointestinal stromal tumor, vs. soft
tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923
Extramammary Paget disease. See under Paget
disease.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis, 806-807,
806f
vs. splenic pyogenic bacterial infection, 832
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, 191-192,
191f
Eye. See Ocular entries; specific part.
F
Fabry disease, 950
Fallopian tube, 688-689
adenomatoid tumor of, 691, 691f
benign tumors of, 691
epithelial papilloma of, 692, 692f
malignant tumors of, 692
metastatic tumors of, 693
sarcoma and mixed tumors of, 693
serous carcinoma of, 692-693, 693f
tumor-like lesions of, 688
Familial adenomatous polyposis, 389f-390f,
391-393
fundic gland polyps associated with,
337f-338f
Familial juvenile nephronophthisis, 513-514
Fasciitis
ischemic, 892-893, 892f
nodular, 890-891, 890f. See also Nodular
fasciitis.
proliferative, 891-892, 891f
Fat(s), histologic staining of, 4
Fat necrosis
of breast, 704, 704f
of pancreas, vs. subcutaneous fat necrosis,
81
subcutaneous, of newborn, 80-81, 81f

Fatty liver disease
nonalcoholic, 416-417
of pregnancy
acute, 417-418, 417f
vs. alcoholic liver disease/alcoholic
steatohepatitis, 415
vs. nonalcoholic fatty liver/nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis, 417
Fetal rhabdomyoma, 918-919
differential diagnosis of, 919
Fibers, histologic staining of, 6, 6f
Fibrillary astrocytoma, 990
vs. ependymoma, 1000
vs. gangliocytoma/ganglioglioma, 1005
Fibroadenoma, of breast, 716-717, 716f
Fibroblastic polyp, benign, of colon, 391f, 394
Fibrocystic changes
of breast, 707-708, 707f-708f
vs. diabetic mastopathy, 705
Fibroelastoma, papillary, 966-968, 967f
vs. cardiac myxoma, 965
Fibroepithelial polyp
urethral, 583
vaginal, 610, 610f
vs. papillary urothelial carcinoma, 490
vs. vaginal squamous papilloma, 611
Fibroid polyp, inflammatory
of esophagus, 322, 322f
of stomach, 338
Fibroid tumor. See Leiomyoma.
Fibrolipoma, vs. elastofibroma, 894
Fibroma
ameloblastic, vs. ameloblastoma, 201
calcifying aponeurotic. See Calcifying
aponeurotic fibroma.
cardiac, 966
chondromyxoid, 853-854, 853f
vs. chondroblastoma, 853
desmoplastic, 866, 866f
vs. fibrosarcoma, 867
vs. fibrous dysplasia, 864
vs. low-grade surface osteosarcoma, 847
vs. nonossifying fibroma, 865
Gardner, 898
nonossifying, 865-866, 865f
vs. giant cell reparative granuloma, 871
vs. giant cell tumor, 870
nuchal, vs. Gardner fibroma, 898
of tendon sheath, vs. giant cell tumor of
tendon sheath, 909
ossifying
of long bones. See Osteofibrous dysplasia.
ovarian, 665-666, 665f
vs. fibromatosis, 651
vs. sclerosing stromal tumor, 670
vs. stromal hyperplasia, 650
vs. thecoma, 667
renal medullary, 532, 532f
tendon sheath, vs. superficial fibromatosis,
894
Fibromatosis
breast, spindle cell areas in,
immunohistochemistry comparison of,
14t
deep
vs. low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma,
904
vs. sclerosing epithelioid sarcoma, 907
Fibromatosis (Continued)
desmoid-type, 898-899, 899f
vs. calcifying fibrous pseudotumor, 900
vs. fibrosarcoma, 906
vs. Gardner fibroma, 898
vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,
901
vs. lipofibromatosis, 896
vs. low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, 903
ovarian, 651
vs. fibroma, 666
penile (Peyronie disease), 586-587, 586f
small bowel, 395f
superficial, 894-895, 894f
vs. calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, 896-897
vs. fibrocystic breast changes, 708
vs. gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 398
vs. infantile fibrosarcoma, 905
vs. nodular fasciitis, 890-891
vs. paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor, 579
Fibromuscular dysplasia, 982-983
Fibromyxoid sarcoma, low-grade, 903, 903f
vs. desmoid-type fibromatosis, 899
vs. fibrosarcoma, 906
vs. low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, 904
vs. myxofibrosarcoma, 908
vs. sclerosing epithelioid sarcoma, 907
Fibromyxoid tumor, ossifying, 937, 937f
Fibrosarcoma
infantile, 904-905, 905f
vs. low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma,
904
vs. myofibroma/myofibromatosis,
897-898
low-grade, vs. desmoplastic fibroma, 866
osseous, 867, 867f
penile, 593
soft tissue, 905-906
vs. cardiac fibroma, 966
vs. clear cell sarcoma, 946
vs. desmoid-type fibromatosis, 899
vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,
273
vs. malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 868
vs. malignant peripheral nerve sheath
tumor, 929
vs. osteosarcoma, 843
vs. soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923-924
vs. solitary fibrous tumor, 902
vs. superficial fibromatosis, 894
vs. synovial sarcoma, 940
Fibrosing dermatosis, 78
Fibrosing pleuritis, chronic, vs. mesothelioma,
280
Fibrous dysplasia, 863-864, 863f
vs. adamantinoma, 872
vs. desmoplastic fibroma, 866
vs. enchondroma, 850
vs. low-grade surface osteosarcoma, 847
vs. nonossifying fibroma, 865
vs. osteofibrous dysplasia, 865
vs. Paget disease of bone, 880
Fibrous hamartoma of infancy, 895, 895f
vs. lipofibromatosis, 896
Fibrous histiocytoma
angiomatoid, 938, 938f
benign. See also Dermatofibroma.
deep, 909-910
Index 1081
Fibrous histiocytoma, benign (Continued)
vs. angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma,
938
vs. nonossifying fibroma, 865
malignant. See Malignant fibrous
histiocytoma.
vs. hemangiopericytoma/myopericytoma,
932
vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,
273
vs. nodular fasciitis, 890
vs. xanthogranuloma, 62
Fibrous pseudotumor
calcifying, 900, 900f
paratesticular, 579
Fibrous tumor
pericardial, 970-971
solitary. See Solitary fibrous tumor.
Fibrovascular polyp, of esophagus, 322, 322f
Fibroxanthoma, atypical, vs. squamous cell
carcinoma, 87
Filaments, electron microscopy of, 9, 10t
Fite method, of bacillus staining, 6
Fixation
alcohols used in, 2
aldehydes used in, 2
decalcification in, 3
factors affecting, 3
in light microscopy, 2-3
in tissue processing, 2
mercurials used in, 2
oxidizing agents used in, 2
picrates used in, 2-3
Fixed drug eruption, 57f
Flat urothelial lesions, of urinary bladder, 496.
See also specific lesion.
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette, 1060-1061,
1061f
Florid papillomatosis, of nipple, 713-714, 713f
Flow cytometry, 20-21, 20f
technical overview, 21
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), 34,
36f
Fluorescence microscopy, 7-8, 7t
Foamy gland adenocarcinoma, of prostate
gland, 550
Focal nodular hyperplasia
of liver, 426-427, 426f
vs. hepatic adenoma, 428
vs. hepatocellular carcinoma, 430
Focal regenerative hyperplasia, vs. cirrhosis,
426
Follicular bronchiolitis, 225t
Follicular bronchitis, vs. mucosa-associated
lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, 276
Follicular cyst, ovarian, 647-648, 648f
vs. serous cystadenoma, 654-655
Follicular cystitis, 491-492
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, vs. splenic
inflammatory pseudotumor, 825
Follicular keratosis
vs. squamous cell carcinoma, 87
vs. trichilemmoma, 90
Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia
nonspecific, 746-747, 746f
vs. autoimmune lymphoproliferative
syndrome, 754
vs. Castleman disease, 760
1082 Index
Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, nonspecific
(Continued)
vs. common variable immunodeficiency,
795
vs. HIV-associated lymphadenopathy,
748
vs. progressive transformation of
germinal centers, 753
vs. syphilis, 750
vs. Toxoplasma lymphadenitis, 751
vs. follicular lymphoma, 769
vs. small lymphocytic lymphoma, 774
Follicular lymphoma
duodenal, 397f, 400
nodal, 768-770, 769f
vs. follicular hyperplasia, 747
vs. HIV-associated lymphadenopathy,
748
vs. infectious mononucleosis, 749
vs. mantle cell lymphoma, 776
vs. mast cell disease, 762
vs. nodular sclerosing Hodgkin
lymphoma, 771-772
splenic, 801-802, 801f
vs. chronic lymphocytic leukemia and
small lymphocytic lymphoma,
799
thymic
vs. Castleman disease, 299
vs. follicular hyperplasia, 285
Follicular neoplasms
of skin, 88. See also specific neoplasm.
vs. chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 124
Follicular splenic hyperplasia, reactive, 792-
793, 792f-793f
Follicular thymic hyperplasia, 285
Follicular thyroid adenoma, 131-132, 132f
variants of, 132
vs. dyshormogenetic goiter, 128
vs. follicular thyroid carcinoma, 134
vs. hyalinizing trabecular tumor, 131
vs. multinodular goiter, 127
vs. papillary thyroid carcinoma, 136
immunohistochemistry panel
distinguishing, 19t
Follicular thyroid carcinoma, 133-134, 133f
capsular invasion of, 133
vascular (angioinvasive) invasion of, 134
vs. follicular thyroid adenoma, 132
vs. medullary thyroid carcinoma, 138
vs. papillary thyroid carcinoma, 136
Folliculitis, 77
Foregut cyst
of mediastinum, 283-284, 283f
vs. teratoma, 301
Foreign pigment, vs. dermatopathic
lymphadenopathy, 752
Foreign-body granuloma, 67, 67f
vs. cat-scratch disease, 756
vs. sarcoidosis, 67, 768
vs. Toxoplasma lymphadenitis, 751
vs. tuberculous lymphadenitis, 767
Formalin, used in fixation, 2
Formalin pigment artifact, vs. malaria, 831
Fracture, stress, vs. osteoid osteoma, 839
Fracture callus
vs. intramedullary chondrosarcoma, 855
vs. osteosarcoma, 843
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration,
1047-1049
Fundic gland polyp, of stomach, 337f-338f, 338
Fungal esophagitis, 313, 313f
vs. benign esophageal lesions, 323
Fungal granuloma, vs. tuberculous
lymphadenitis, 767
Fungal infection. See also specific infection.
deep, 69f
in immunocompromised patients, 351f,
352-353
of lungs, 249. See also specific infection.
vs. lichen simplex chronicus, 600
vs. sarcoidosis, 67, 768
Fungal lymphadenitis, vs. histiocytic
necrotizing lymphadenitis, 758
Fungal sinusitis
allergic, 175, 175f
invasive, 175, 175f
Fungi
histologic staining of, 6, 6f
hyphal, differential diagnosis of, 250t
yeast-like, differential diagnosis of, 252t
Fusarium, diagnostic features of, 250t
G vs. reactive gastropathy, 332
Gallbladder carcinoma, 436-438, 437f
Gangliocytoma, 1004-1006, 1004f
Ganglioglioma, 1004-1006
vs. desmoplastic cerebellar ganglioglioma,
1005
vs. desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma/
astrocytoma, 1005
vs. dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor,
1006-1007
Ganglioma faciale, vs. leukocytoclastic
vasculitis, 72
Ganglion cell tumor
vs. pilocytic astrocytoma, 993
vs. pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, 994
Ganglioneuroblastoma, 1012-1013
adrenal, 476-477
subtypes of, 477
vs. neuroblastoma, 479
mediastinal, 305-306
differential diagnosis of, 306
features of, 306t
vs. proliferative fasciitis, 891
Ganglioneuroma
adrenal, 475-476, 476f
vs. ganglioneuroblastoma, 477
mediastinal, 305-306
differential diagnosis of, 306
features of, 306t
mucosal, intestinal, 391f, 394
Gardner fibroma, 898
Gastric adenocarcinoma, vs. gastric carcinoid,
344
Gastric adenoma, 340-341
Gastric antral vascular ectasia, vs. reactive
gastropathy, 332
Gastric carcinoid, 343f
Gastric carcinoma, 339-342, 339f-340f
early, 341
rare types of, 342
risk factors for, 340
vs. adenocarcinoma associated with Barrett
esophagus, 321
Gastric carcinoma (Continued)
WHO classification of, 342
with ulcer, vs. peptic ulcer disease, 335
Gastric duplication, 328-329
Gastric dysplasia, 340-341
Gastric lymphoma, 344-345, 344f
Gastric polyps, non-neoplastic, 337f-338f
Gastric sarcoma, vs. inflammatory fibroid polyp,
339
Gastric ulcer, 341-342
Gastric xanthelasma, 329f-330f
Gastritis
acute erosive, 330-331, 330f
vs. Helicobacter pylori gastritis, 334
vs. peptic ulcer disease, 335
chronic
vs. acute erosive gastritis, 331
vs. Barrett esophagus, 319
vs. reactive gastropathy, 332
collagenous, 334
eosinophilic, 334
granulomatous, 334
Helicobacter heilmannii, vs. Helicobacter pylori
gastritis, 334
Helicobacter pylori, 332-334, 332f-333f
vs. reflux esophagitis, 317
lymphocytic, 334
associated with Mntrier disease,
336f
vs. MALT lymphoma, 345
Gastroenteritis
eosinophilic, 364
Salmonella, 349-350
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, 317-318
Gastrointestinal adenoma, 383-385
colonic, 383f
mixed, 385
serrated
sessile, 383f-384f
traditionally defined, 383f, 385, 394
tubular, 385
tubulovillous, 382f, 385
villous, 385
Gastrointestinal neoplasms
mesenchymal, 397f. See also specific
neoplasm.
metastatic, 409-410, 409f
Gastrointestinal polyps, 384f
adenomatous, 383-385
pedunculated tubulovillous, 382f
serrated
sessile, 383f-384f
traditionally defined, 383f
hyperplastic, 382f-383f, 383-385, 391f,
394
inflammatory, 383-384
Gastrointestinal spindle cell tumors,
immunohistochemistry panel
interpretation for, 15t
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 395f, 396-398
CD117-negative, 398
vs. benign esophageal lesion, 323
vs. inflammatory fibroid polyp, 339
vs. perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, 947
Gastrointestinal tract
lower, 345-347. See also specific part.
congenital anomalies of, 345-347, 346f

Gastrointestinal tract, lower (Continued)
infections of
in immunocompetent hosts, 348f. See
also Immunocompetent hosts.
in immunocompromised patients,
352f. See also
Immunocompromised patients.
secondary malignancies in, 409-410, 409f
Gastropathy
hypertrophic, 335f-336f
reactive, 331f
Gastroschisis, 346-347
Gaucher disease, 804-806, 804f
differential diagnosis of, 805t
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 816
vs. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
infection, 830
Gel electrophoresis, 32
agarose, 32
capillary, 32
polyacrylamide, 32
pulsed-field, 32
Gemistocytic astrocytoma, 990
vs. subependymal giant cell astrocytoma,
995-996
Genital rhabdomyoma, 918-919
differential diagnosis of, 919
Genital warts
anal, 401, 401f, 403
penile, 588, 588f
Germ cell tumor. See also specific tumor.
central nervous system, 1026, 1026f
immunohistochemistry approach to, 17t
nonseminomatous, mediastinal, 303-305,
303f-304f. See also specific tumor.
ovarian, 674
testicular, intratubular, 563, 563f
vs. testicular choriocarcinoma, 570
vs. testicular teratoma, 569
vs. testicular torsion, 562
vs. thymic carcinoma, 291
Germinoma. See Seminoma (germinoma).
Gestational choriocarcinoma, 697-699, 698f
vs. exaggerated placental site, 694
vs. hydatidiform mole, 696-697
vs. placental site trophoblastic tumor, 699
Gestational trophoblastic disease, 694
choriocarcinoma in, 697-699, 698f
exaggerated placental site in, 694
hydatidiform mole in
complete mole, 695-696, 695f
invasive mole, 695f, 697
partial mole, 696-697
placental site nodule (plaque) in, 694
placental site trophoblastic tumor in, 699-
700, 699f
Giant cell aortitis, 973f
Giant cell arteritis, 973-974, 974f
Giant cell astrocytoma, subependymal, 995-
996, 995f
Giant cell cystitis, 491-492, 492f
Giant cell glioblastoma, 990
Giant cell myocarditis, 954f, 956
differential diagnosis of, 956
vs. cardiac sarcoidosis, 958
Giant cell reparative granuloma, 870-871,
871f
vs. giant cell tumor, 870
Index 1083
Giant cell tumor Gluten-sensitive enteropathy, 356f-357f
of bone, 869-870, 869f Glycogen acanthosis, esophageal, 321-322,
vs. aneurysmal bone cyst, 879 322f
vs. chondroblastoma, 853 Glycogen storage disease, 950
vs. giant cell reparative granuloma, 871 differential diagnosis of, 805t
vs. malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 868 GNAS 1 mutation, in McCune-Albright
vs. nonossifying fibroma, 865 syndrome, 464
vs. osteoblastoma, 841 Goblet cell carcinoid tumor, of appendix, 408,
vs. osteosarcoma, 843 408f
vs. pigmented villonodular synovitis, Goiter
887 diffuse toxic, 125-126, 125f
vs unicameral bone cyst, 879 dyshormogenetic, 127-128, 127f
of tendon sheath, 908-909, 909f multinodular, 126, 126f
vs. calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, 897 Golgi apparatus, electron microscopy of, 9, 9t
Giant multilocular prostatic cystadenoma, vs. Gonadoblastoma
phyllodes tumor, 556 ovarian, 685, 685f
Giardiasis, in immunocompromised patients, vs. mixed germ cell tumor, 684
351f, 352-353 vs. sex cord tumor with annular tubules,
Giemsa stain, 6 672
Glassy cell carcinoma Goodpasture syndrome, 237-238, 238f, 979
of uterine cervix, 627 Gorlin syndrome, 665
vs. cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 622 Gottron papules, 50
Gleason grading system, of prostate Gout, 884, 884f
adenocarcinoma, 549t vs. pseudogout, 885
Glial heterotopia, heterotopic, vs. nasal polyp, Graft-versus-host disease, 47, 47f, 365,
177 365f
Glial neoplasms, vs. secondary CNS tumors, acute phase, 47
1034 grades in, 47
Glial nodule, subependymal, vs. subependymal chronic phase, 47
giant cell astrocytoma, 996 in inflammatory esophagitis, 315
Glioblastoma lichenoid, 45
variants of, 990 vs. biliary cirrhosis, 422
vs. pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, 994 Granular cell tumor
Glioblastoma multiforme, 988-991, 989f neurohypophyseal
vs. brain abscess, 1041 vs. pituicytoma, 1030
vs. cerebral infarct/hematoma, 1038 vs. pituitary adenoma, 1030
with oligodendroglial features, 998 of breast, 706, 706f
Glioma(s) of esophagus, 323-324, 323f
angiocentric, 1003-1004 of oral cavity, 196, 196f
vs. astroblastoma, 1002 of soft tissue, 924-925, 924f
choroid, 1003 of stomach, 396f
vs. chordoma, 1033 of vulva, 607-608
mixed, 998 vs. adult rhabdomyoma, 919
vs. cerebral infarct/hematoma, 1038 vs. alveolar soft part sarcoma, 945
vs. progressive multifocal vs. fat necrosis of breast, 704
leukoencephalopathy, 1045 vs. gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 399
Gliomatosis cerebri, 988-991 Granuloma
Glioneuronal tumor(s), 1004-1006. See also eosinophilic, 118, 765
specific tumor. vs. chondroblastoma, 853
papillary, 1008-1009 foreign-body. See Foreign-body granuloma.
vs. rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor, fungal, vs. tuberculous lymphadenitis,
1009 767
rosette-forming, 1009 giant cell, vs. oral pyogenic granuloma,
Glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands, 195
990 infectious, 68, 83
Gliosarcoma, 988-991 Majocchi, vs. acne vulgaris, 78
Glomangioma, 105, 106f necrobiotic, 63-64
vs. hemangiopericytoma/myopericytoma, palisading, 63-64
933 pyogenic. See Pyogenic granuloma.
Glomangiopericytoma. See reticulocytic, 62-63, 62f
Hemangiopericytoma. sarcoidal, 66-67
Glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative, splenic, vs. amyloidosis, 834
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t Granuloma annulare, 63f
Glomus, 105 vs. epithelioid sarcoma, 941
Glomus tumor, 931, 931f vs. necrobiosis lipoidica, 65
of stomach, 396f vs. necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, 66
vs. gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 399 vs. rheumatoid nodule, 65
Glutaraldehyde, used in fixation, 2 Granuloma inguinale, vs. leishmaniasis, 71
1084 Index
Granulomatosis
lymphomatoid, 979
Wegener. See Wegener granulomatosis.
Granulomatous diseases
of spleen, 832-833
vs. granulomatous thyroiditis, 123
Granulomatous gastritis, 334
Granulomatous hypophysitis, vs. pituitary
adenoma, 1030
Granulomatous lobar mastitis, 703, 703f
vs. diabetic mastopathy, 705
vs. plasma cell mastitis, 703
vs. subareolar abscess, 702
Granulomatous orchitis, 559f, 560
infectious, 560
noninfectious, 560
vs. testicular malakoplakia, 560
Granulomatous prostatitis, 540-542, 541f
vs. lymphoma, 558
Granulomatous rosacea, vs. acne vulgaris, 78
Granulomatous synovitis, infectious, vs. gout,
884
Granulomatous thyroiditis, 122-123, 123f
vs. Riedel thyroiditis, 125
Granulosa cell tumor
ovarian
adult. See Adult granulosa cell tumor.
juvenile. See Juvenile granulosa cell
tumor.
vs. gynandroblastoma, 673
testicular, 573-574, 573f
vs. yolk sac tumor, 568
vs. carcinoid tumor, 684
Graves disease, 125-126, 125f
vs. dyshormogenetic goiter, 128
vs. multinodular goiter, 127
Graves orbitopathy, 1064-1065, 1065f
vs. lymphoma, 1063
Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) stain, 6, 6f
Grover disease, vs. pemphigus, 75
Gynandroblastoma
ovarian, 673
vs. mixed germ cell tumor, 684
Gynecomastia, 741-742, 741f
H vs. pseudoangiomatous stromal
Hailey-Hailey disease, vs. pemphigus, 75
Hairy cell leukemia, 812-813, 812f
morphologic and immunophenotypic
features of, 797t
vs. hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 813
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 816
vs. littoral cell angioma, 819
vs. mast cell disease, 815
vs. splenic marginal zone lymphoma, 798
Halo nevus, 102f, 103
Hamartoma
bile duct, 432, 432f
fibrous, of infancy. See Fibrous hamartoma
of infancy.
mesenchymal, 442-443, 443f
peribiliary gland (biliary duct adenoma),
432-433, 433f
pulmonary, 270-271, 270f
respiratory epithelial adenomatoid
vs. nasal polyp, 176
vs. sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma,
180
Hamartoma (Continued) Hemangioma (Continued)
splenic, 823-824, 823f salivary gland, 157-158, 157f
vs. hemangioma, 818 soft tissue, 929-931, 929f
vs. Hodgkin lymphoma, 804 spindle cell, 930
vs. inflammatory pseudotumor, 825 splenic, 817-818, 817f
vs. littoral cell angioma, 819 vs. angiosarcoma, 820
Hand-Schller-Christian disease, 118 vs. hamartoma, 824
Hashimoto thyroiditis, 123-124, 123f vs. hematoma, 835
vs. granulomatous thyroiditis, 123 vs. littoral cell angioma, 819
vs. Riedel thyroiditis, 125 venous, 1035-1036
vs. thyroid lymphoma, 141 vs. angiosarcoma, 935
Heart, 949-954. See also Cardiac; vs. dermoid/epidermoid cyst, 1066
Cardio- entries. vs. lymphangiectasia, 380
carcinoid disease of, 960-961 vs. lymphangioma, 936
metastatic tumors of, 972 vs. oral pyogenic granuloma, 195
rheumatic disease of vs. orbital lymphangioma, 1068
clinical features of, 960 vs. peliosis hepatis, 439
gross pathology of, 960-961 Hemangiopericytoma, 178f
histopathology of, 961 CNS, 1022-1023, 1022f
valvular disease of, 959-961, 959f osseous, 861-862, 861f
regurgitant, 959 soft tissue, 932-933, 932f
stenotic, 959 vs. endometrial stromal nodule, 640-641
Heart valves. See also named valve. vs. endometrial stromal sarcoma, 641
prosthetic, 963-964 vs. hemangioma, 930
commonly implanted, 963 vs. meningioma, 1021
complications of, 963 vs. mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, 858
Helicobacter heilmannii gastritis, vs. Helicobacter vs. nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, 177-178
pylori gastritis, 334 vs. solitary fibrous tumor, 902
Helicobacter pylori gastritis, 332-334, 332f-333f vs. splenic angiosarcoma, 821
vs. reactive gastropathy, 332 vs. synovial sarcoma, 939-940
vs. reflux esophagitis, 317 Hematoma
Heliotrope rash, 50 intracerebral, 1037-1038
Hemangioblastoma, 1023-1024, 1023f splenic, 835
vs. pilocytic astrocytoma, 993 vs. hemangioma, 818
Hemangioendothelioma, 933-934, 933f Hematopoiesis, extramedullary, 806-807, 806f
epithelioid. See Epithelioid vs. splenic pyogenic bacterial infection, 832
hemangioendothelioma. Hematopoietic elements, histologic staining of,
infantile, 440-441 6
splenic Hematopoietic neoplasms. See also specific
vs. angiosarcoma, 820-821 neoplasm.
vs. hemangioma, 818 cytogenetic abnormalities in, 23t-24t
vs. littoral cell angioma, 819 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, 3-4
Hemangioma, 105-106, 106f Hemochromatosis, 418-419, 418f
breast, 738, 738f vs. malaria, 831
vs. angiosarcoma, 739-740 Hemolysis with hemosiderosis, vs.
dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, 752
hyperplasia, 714 Hemolytic anemia, autoimmune, 810-811,
capillary, 105-106, 106f 810f
lobular. See Pyogenic granuloma. vs. hereditary spherocytosis, 808
orbital, 1066-1067, 1067f Hemophagocytic syndrome, vs. Langerhans cell
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 1070 histiocytosis, 816, 817f
soft tissue, 929-930 Hemorrhage, subretinal, vs. intraocular
vs. infantile hemangioendothelioma, 441 malignant melanoma, 1058
cavernous, 105-106, 106f Hemorrhagic cystitis, 492-493
central nervous system, 1035-1036 Hemorrhagic lung disease, 237
soft tissue, 929-930 Hemosiderosis
vs. glomus tumor, 931 idiopathic pulmonary, 237, 237f
vs. intraocular malignant melanoma, vs. Goodpasture syndrome, 238
1057-1058 vs. hemochromatosis, 419
vs. pyogenic granuloma, 107 Hemosiderotic synovitis, vs. pigmented
epithelioid, 930 villonodular synovitis, 887
vs. angiosarcoma, 109 Henoch-Schnlein purpura, 980
hepatic, 439-440, 440f Hepatic. See also Liver entries.
intramuscular, 930 Hepatic abscess
vs. angiolipoma, 913 bacterial, 413, 414f
juvenile, 157 parasitic, 413
vs. angiolipoma, 913 Hepatic adenoma, 427-428, 427f
osseous, 842, 859f vs. hepatocellular carcinoma, 430

Hepatic fibrosis, vs. cirrhosis, 426
Hepatic hemangioma, 439-440, 440f
Hepatic metastases, 438-439
Hepatitis
autoimmune, 421-422, 421f. See also
Autoimmune hepatitis.
viral, 411-413, 412f. See also Viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis A virus, 411
Hepatitis B virus, 411
Hepatitis C virus, 412
recurrent, vs. liver transplant rejection,
424
vs. fatty liver of pregnancy, 418
Hepatitis D virus, 412
Hepatitis E virus, 412
Hepatitis G virus, 412
Hepatoblastoma, 430-431, 431f
types of, 431
vs. hepatocellular carcinoma, 430
Hepatocellular adenoma, vs. focal nodular
hyperplasia, 427
Hepatocellular carcinoma, 428-430, 428f
differential diagnosis of,
immunohistochemical panel
approach to, 15t
metastatic, vs. metastatic adrenal tumors,
485
patterns of, 429
vs. angiosarcoma, 442
vs. cholangiocarcinoma, 436
vs. cirrhosis, 426
vs. embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma,
444
vs. gallbladder carcinoma, 437
Hepatocytes
containing eosinophilic globules, 420f
in hepatitis B, 412f
Hepatoid carcinoma, 454
vs. yolk sac tumor, 678
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 813-814, 813f
morphologic and immunophenotypic
features of, 797t
vs. marginal zone lymphoma, 798
HepPar-1, immunohistochemistry for, 12f
HER-2-neu, in breast adenocarcinoma,
immunohistochemistry for, 11f
Hereditary spherocytosis, 808, 808f
vs. autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 811
vs. sickle cell disease, 809-810
Hernia, esophageal (diaphragmatic), 311-312
Herpes simplex virus infection
in immunocompromised patients, 352-353
vs. pemphigus, 75
Herpesvirus encephalitis, 1042-1043
Herpesvirus esophagitis, 312, 312f-313f
Herpesvirus gestationis, vs. bullous pemphigoid,
76
Herpesvirus lymphadenitis, 756-757
vs. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,
757-758
Heterotopia, pancreatic, 329
Heterotopic gastric mucosa, vs. small intestinal
adenoma/adenocarcinoma, 360
Heterotopic glial heterotopia, vs. nasal polyp,
177
Hibernoma
vs. adult rhabdomyoma, 919
vs. granular cell tumor, 924
Hidradenoma, clear cell (nodular), 95, 95f
Hidradenoma papilliferum
vs. syringocystadenoma papilliferum, 97
vulvar, 607, 607f
Hidrocystoma, 82f, 83
Hirschsprung disease, 362-363
Histiocytes, 11
predominant in nodular/diffuse dermatitis,
61-62
Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-
Fujimoto disease), 757-758, 757f
vs. cat-scratch disease, 756
vs. CMV/herpes lymphadenitis, 756
vs. Toxoplasma lymphadenitis, 751
vs. tuberculous lymphadenitis, 767
Histiocytic sarcoma, vs. anaplastic large cell
lymphoma, 782
Histiocytoma, fibrous. See Fibrous histiocytoma.
Histiocytosis
Langerhans cell. See Langerhans cell
histiocytosis.
malignant, vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis,
817
sinus. See Sinus histiocytosis.
Histologic stains. See also specific stain.
of carbohydrates and mucoproteins, 4-6, 5f
of connective tissue, 4, 4f-5f
of fats and lipids, 4
of hematopoietic and nuclear elements, 6
of microorganisms, 6, 6f-7f
of nerves and fibers, 6, 6f
of pigments and minerals, 6
used in light microscopy, 3-6
Histoplasma capsulatum, diagnostic features of,
252t
Histoplasma esophagitis, 313
Histoplasmosis, 70, 251-253, 252f
differential diagnosis of, 228f
in immunocompromised patients, 352-353
splenic, 832-833
vs. leishmaniasis, 71
vs. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
infection, 830
vs. Rosai-Dorfman disease, 764
vs. Whipple disease, 356
Hodgkin lymphoma
cystic degeneration of, vs. thymic cyst, 282
differential diagnosis of, antibody panel for,
19t
mixed cellularity, 787-788, 787f
nodular lymphocyte predominant, 772-773,
773f
vs. follicular lymphoma, 770
vs. mantle cell lymphoma, 776
vs. nodal marginal zone lymphoma, 777
vs. nodular sclerosing Hodgkin
lymphoma, 771
vs. paracortical hyperplasia, 759
vs. small lymphocytic lymphoma, 775
nodular sclerosing, 770-772, 771f
vs. follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, 747
vs. follicular lymphoma, 770
vs. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,
758
vs. mediastinal germinoma, 302
vs. mediastinitis, 294
vs. mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma,
788
Index 1085
Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosing
(Continued)
vs. progressive transformation of
germinal centers, 753
vs. thymoma, 289
of central nervous system, 1025
of mediastinum, 294-295, 295f
of spleen, 803-804, 803f
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 803
vs. inflammatory pseudotumor, 825
of thyroid gland, 141
vs. anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 782
vs. angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma,
786-787
vs. cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell
lymphoma, 120
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 296
vs. infectious mononucleosis, 749, 829
vs. mast cell disease, 762
vs. nodular lymphocyte predominant
Hodgkin lymphoma, 773
vs. peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 785
vs. reactive lymphoid hyperplasia without
germinal center formation, 794
vs. Rosai-Dorfman disease, 764
vs. splenic pyogenic bacterial infection, 832
Homer-Wright rosette, 1060-1061
Hormone(s), 11
Horn cysts, 83
Human immunodeficiency virusassociated
adenopathy. See Adenopathy,
HIV-associated.
Human immunodeficiency virusassociated
encephalitis, 1042
Human immunodeficiency virusassociated
enteropathy, in immunocompromised
patients, 352-354
Human immunodeficiency virusassociated
lymphadenopathy. See
Lymphadenopathy, HIV-associated.
Hunner (interstitial) cystitis, 493-494
vs. bacterial cystitis, 490
Hyalinized collagen, vs. cardiac amyloidosis, 957
Hyalinizing trabecular tumor, 130-131, 131f
vs. medullary thyroid carcinoma, 138
Hyalinosis, splenic, vs. amyloidosis, 834
Hybrid tumors, vs. penile verrucous carcinoma,
592
Hybrid capture assay, 31
Hybridization method(s), 32-36
DNA microarray, 36
dot blotting, 34
in situ hybridization, 34, 34f-36f
Northern blotting, 33-34
Southern blotting, 32, 33f
Hydatidiform mole
complete, 695-696, 695f
invasive, 695f, 697
partial, 695f, 696-697
vs. gestational choriocarcinoma, 698
Hydrocele, testicular, 559
21-Hydroxylase deficiency, congenital adrenal
hyperplasia due to, 463, 463f
Hygroma, cystic. See Lymphangioma.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome, 955
Hyperparathyroidism
primary, 143
secondary, 143
1086 Index
Hyperplastic nodule, vs. follicular thyroid
adenoma, 132
Hyperplastic polyp
colorectal, 382f-383f, 383-385, 391f, 394
gastric, 337-338, 337f
Hyperreactio luteinalis, ovarian, 649
Hypersensitivity angiitis (Churg-Strauss
disease), 827-828
Hypersensitivity myocarditis, 955
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 233-234, 233f
vs. nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, 231
vs. sarcoidosis, 236
Hypertension, pulmonary, 242-245, 243f
grading system for, 244t
revised clinical classification of, 244t
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 949-952, 950f
differential diagnosis of, 953
Hypertrophic gastropathy, 335f-336f
Hypertrophic scar, vs. keloid, 112
Hyphal fungi, differential diagnosis of, 250t
Hypocomplement urticarial vasculitis, vs.
immune complex small-vessel vasculitis,
981
Hypoganglionosis, vs. Hirschsprung disease,
362
Hypophysitis, vs. pituitary adenoma, 1029
I of atypical glandular proliferative prostate
Iatrogenic lung disease, 240
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension,
243, 244t
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 811,
811f
vs. autoimmune hemolytic anemia,
810-811
IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t
vs. immune complex small-vessel vasculitis,
981
Ileal pouches, biopsy of, 369
Ileum
biopsy of, 369
carcinoid tumor of, 360f-361f
Immature squamous metaplasia
vs. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 620
vs. vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, 612
Immature teratoma, 681-682, 681f
vs. mature cystic teratoma, 675
vs. mature solid teratoma, 676
Immune complex small-vessel vasculitis,
980-981
Immunocompetent hosts
campylobacteriosis in, 349-350
cholera in, 349-350
enteric infections in, 348f
Escherichia coli infection in, 347-350, 348f
salmonellosis in, 349-350
shigellosis in, 349-350
yersiniosis in, 349-350
Immunocompromised patients
adenovirus infection in, 352-353
AIDS-related enteropathy in, 352-354
aspergillosis in, 352-353
candidiasis in, 352-353
coccidiosis in, 352-353
cytomegalovirus infection in, 351f, 352-353
enteric infections in, 352f
giardiasis in, 351f, 352-353
Immunocompromised patients (Continued)
herpes simplex virus infection in, 352-353
histoplasmosis in, 352-353
microsporidiosis in, 352-353
mucormycosis in, 352-353
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection
in, 352f, 353
spirochetosis in, 351f, 352-353
tuberculosis in, 352-353
Immunodeficiency
common variable, 795
thymic histology in, 299-300
Immunofluorescence
direct, 7
indirect, 7, 7t
Immunohistochemistry, 10-20
introduction to, 10
quality application of, ground rules for,
11-12
tabular approach to, 12
in differential diagnosis of hepatocellular
carcinoma, 15t
in differential diagnosis of Hodgkin
lymphoma, 19t
in differential diagnosis of uterine cervix
lesions, 17t
in FISH analysis of molar pregnancy, 17t
lesions, 18t
of cytokeratins 7 and 20, 13t
of endocervical adenocarcinoma and
endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 16t
of gastrointestinal and abdominal spindle
cell tumors, 15t
of germ cell tumors, 17t
of lung adenocarcinoma and breast
adenocarcinoma, 14t
of lung mesothelioma and
adenocarcinoma, 14t
of metaplastic carcinoma, phyllodes
tumor, and breast fibromatosis,
14t
of myoepithelial and basal cells in breast
lesions, 15t
of ovarian and colorectal carcinoma, 16t
of ovarian sex cordstromal tumors and
endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 16t
of papillary thyroid carcinoma vs.
follicular thyroid adenoma, 19t
of pleomorphic cutaneous spindle cell
tumors, 19t
of primary and metastatic ovarian
adenocarcinoma, 16t
of primary metastatic carcinoma sites,
13t
of prostate vs. urothelial carcinomas, 18t
of renal cell neoplasms, 18t
of serous carcinoma and poorly
differentiated endometrioid
adenocarcinoma of ovary and
endometrium, 16t
of small B-cell lymphoma, 19t
of small round cell tumors, 19t
of trophoblastic lesions, 17t
of undifferentiated tumors, 12t
technical overview of, 10-11, 11f-12f
Impetigo, bullous, vs. subcorneal pustular
dermatosis, 74
In situ hybridization (ISH), 34, 34f
applications of, 34
chromogenic, 34, 35f
fluorescence, 34, 36f
Inclusion cyst, epidermal, 81-83, 82f
vs. vulvar cyst, 600
Incontinentia pigmenti, 52f
Indeterminate colitis, vs. inflammatory bowel
disease, 368
Indian childhood cirrhosis, vs. nonalcoholic
fatty liver/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,
417
Infantile fibrosarcoma, vs. myofibroma/
myofibromatosis, 897-898
Infantile ganglioglioma, desmoplastic, 1005
vs. supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal
tumor, 1012-1013
Infantile hemangioendothelioma, 440-441
Infantile (autosomal recessive) polycystic
kidney disease, 512, 512f. See also
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease.
Infarct
cerebral, 1036-1038, 1037f
prostatic, 542-543, 542f
splenic
vs. abscess, 832
vs. amyloidosis, 834
vs. cytomegalovirus infection, 830
vs. hematoma, 835
vs. sickle cell disease, 809
Infection(s). See also specific infection.
in prosthetic heart valves, 963
Infectious (acute self-limited) colitis, 372, 375
vs. inflammatory bowel disease, 368
Infectious cystitis, 490
Infectious esophagitis, 313f
vs. inflammatory esophagitis, 315
vs. injurious esophagitis, 314
vs. reflux esophagitis, 317
vs. squamous papilloma/carcinoma, 326
Infectious granuloma, 68, 83
Infectious granulomatous synovitis, vs. gout,
884
Infectious mononucleosis, 748-750, 749f
splenic involvement in, 828-829, 829f
vs. autoimmune lymphoproliferative
syndrome, 754
vs. follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, 747
vs. HIV-associated lymphadenopathy, 748
vs. nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma,
772
Infectious myocarditis, vs. cardiac sarcoidosis,
958
Infectious panniculitis, vs. erythema nodosum,
80
Infective endocarditis, 962-963, 962f
Infertility, male, 562-563, 562f
Infiltrating carcinoma, vs. atypical polypoid
adenomyoma, 637
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 723-725, 724f,
724t
vs. fat necrosis, 704
vs. infiltrating lobular carcinoma, 726
vs. medullary carcinoma, 728
vs. pancreatitis, 447
Infiltrating lobular carcinoma, 725-726, 725f
vs. adenosis, 710

Inflammation, autoimmune, Addison disease
due to, 462f
Inflammatory bowel disease, 366f-367f. See also
Crohn disease; Ulcerative colitis.
dysplasia in, 370f
vs. amebiasis, 377
vs. colitis, 376
vs. diverticular disease, 363
vs. enteric infections, 350
Inflammatory carcinoma, of breast, 736, 736f
Inflammatory dermatoses, vs. urticaria
pigmentosa, 117
Inflammatory esophagitis, 315-316
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, 900-901,
901f
of lungs, 272-274, 273f
of spleen, 824-825, 824f
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 803
vs. hamartoma, 824
vs. Hodgkin lymphoma, 804
of urinary bladder, 508, 508f
vs. carcinosarcoma, 510
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 509
vs. calcifying fibrous pseudotumor, 900
vs. cardiac fibroma, 966
vs. gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 399
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 921
vs. soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923
Inflammatory polyp
fibroid
of esophagus, 322, 322f
of stomach, 338
gastrointestinal, 383-384
vs. sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma, 180
Inflammatory pseudotumor. See Inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor.
Infundibular cyst, 81-83, 82f
Inguinal lymph node
capsular fibrosis of, vs. syphilis, 750
sclerosis in, vs. amyloidosis, 763
Injurious esophagitis, 314
Inlet patch, in cervical esophagus, 310, 310f
vs. Barrett esophagus, 319
Insect bite reactions (papular urticaria), 55f
vs. lymphomatoid papulosis, 57
vs. pityriasis lichenoides, 56
Insular cell carcinoid tumor, of appendix, 407,
407f
Interface dermatitis, 44-45, 55
Intermediate-type cells, in mucoepidermoid
carcinoma, 165
Interstitial cell tumor, renomedullary, 532, 532f
Interstitial (Hunner) cystitis, 493-494
vs. bacterial cystitis, 490
Interstitial emphysema, 226
Interstitial pneumonia, 226-227
acute, 226-227, 226f
clinical, radiologic, and prognostic features
of, 227t
desquamative, 231-232, 231f
vs. cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,
228
lymphoid, 232-233, 232f
vs. hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 234
nonspecific, 230-231, 230f. See also
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.
unusual, 228-230, 229f. See also Unusual
interstitial pneumonia.
Intestinal adenocarcinoma, vs. intestinal
carcinoid, 361
Intestinal atresia, 346-347
Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis, 391f, 394
Intestinal neuronal dysplasia, vs. Hirschsprung
disease, 362-363
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
of exocrine pancreas, 450-451, 451f
vs. mucinous cystic neoplasms, 450
vs. pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 452
vs. serous cystic neoplasms, 449
Intraductal papillary neoplasia, of liver, 434-
435, 435f
Intraductal papilloma
of breast, 711-713, 711f
vs. cystadenoma, 157
Intraepithelial neoplasia
prostatic, 545-546, 546f. See also Prostatic
intraepithelial neoplasia.
vulvar, 602-603, 603f. See also Vulvar
intraepithelial neoplasia.
Intraepithelial squamous neoplasia, of anal
canal, 402-403, 402f
Intramedullary osteosarcoma, conventional,
841-843, 841f
vs. low-grade surface osteosarcoma, 847
vs. osteofibrous dysplasia, 865
vs. periosteal osteosarcoma, 846
vs. telangiectatic osteosarcoma, 844
Intramuscular hemangioma, 930
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia,
vs. angiosarcoma, 109
Intussusception, 346-347
Invader chemistry assay, 31
Invasive adenocarcinoma, vs.
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 264
Invasive ductal adenocarcinoma
of exocrine pancreas, 453f
vs. pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 452
vs. pancreatic metastases, 459
vs. solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, 459
vs. well-differentiated pancreatic neoplasm,
457
Invasive fungal sinusitis, 175, 175f
Invasive intraductal adenocarcinoma, vs.
acinar cell carcinoma, 455
Invasive urothelial carcinoma, 502-504, 502f
Inverted papilloma
sinonasal, 179
urothelial, 499-500, 500f
vs. invasive urothelial carcinoma, 504
vs. papillary urothelial carcinoma, 490
Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, 1060
Iris freckle (ephelis), 1060
Iris leiomyoma, 1060
Iris melanoma, 1059-1060, 1059f
Iris nevus, 1059-1060
Ischemic cerebral infarcts, 1036-1038
Ischemic colitis, 373, 373f, 375
vs. enteric infections, 350
Ischemic fasciitis, 892-893, 892f
J Keratosis follicularis, vs. pemphigus, 75
Jaw
osteoblastoma of, vs. cementoblastoma, 203
osteosarcoma of, 205-206, 206f
Joint disease, 882-883. See also specific disease.
Jones silver stain, 4, 5f
Index 1087
Juvenile adenoma
vs. juvenile breast hypertrophy, 705-706
vs. phyllodes tumor, 717-718
Juvenile granulosa cell tumor, 669
vs. adult granulosa cell tumor, 669
vs. embryonal carcinoma, 680
vs. yolk sac tumor, 568
Juvenile hemangioendothelioma, vs. hepatic
hemangioma, 440
Juvenile hemangioma, 157
vs. angiolipoma, 913
Juvenile hypertrophy, of breast, 705-706, 705f
Juvenile laryngeal papilloma, vs. vocal cord
nodule or polyp, 209
Juvenile laryngotracheal papillomatosis,
diagnostic features of, 259t
Juvenile nephronophthisis, familial, 513-514
Juvenile polyposis syndrome, 390f, 392-393
sporadic, 394
Juvenile xanthogranuloma, disseminated, vs.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 816
Juxtacortical chondrosarcoma, vs. periosteal
chondroma, 851
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor, 533
K
Kamino bodies, 101-103
Kaposi sarcoma, 107-108, 108f
classic, 107
endemic, 107
epidemic, 107
iatrogenic immunosuppression, 107
penile, 592
vs. angiolipoma, 913
vs. angiosarcoma, 109
vs. hemangioendothelioma, 934
vs. hemangioma, 106, 930-931
vs. infection in immunocompromised
patients, 354
vs. nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, 178
vs. nodular fasciitis, 890
vs. oral pyogenic granuloma, 195
vs. postmastectomy angiosarcoma, 741
vs. splenic angiosarcoma, 821
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, 933-934
Kawasaki disease, 975-976
differential diagnosis of, 976
Keloid, 111-112, 111f
Keratoacanthoma
vs. squamous cell carcinoma, 86, 87f
vs. verrucae, 85
Keratocyst, odontogenic, 199-200, 199f
vs. dentigerous cyst, 198
vs. radicular cyst, 197
Keratosis
actinic, 85-86, 86f
follicular
vs. squamous cell carcinoma, 87
vs. trichilemmoma, 90
lichenoid, 45
seborrheic, 45-46, 83f
vs. poroma, 93
Kidney(s), 511-512. See also Neph-; Renal
entries.
acquired cystic disease of, 515-516, 515f
adult (autosomal dominant) polycystic
disease of, 514-515, 514f
1088 Index
Kidney(s) (Continued)
angiomyolipoma of, 517-518, 517f
carcinoma of. See specific neoplasm.
infantile (autosomal recessive) polycystic
disease of, 512, 512f
interstitial cell tumor and fibroma of, 532,
532f
medullary cystic disease of, 513-514
medullary sponge, 513, 513f
metanephric adenoma of, 519-520, 519f
mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of, 531-
532, 531f
oncocytoma of, 520-521, 520f
papillary adenoma of, 518-519, 518f
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. See Histiocytic
necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-
Fujimoto disease).
Klatskin tumor. See Cholangiocarcinoma
(Klatskin tumor).
Koebner phenomenon, 45
Krukenberg tumor, vs. ovarian malignant
mucinous tumor, 660
Kufs disease, vs. dementia, 1049
L of iris, 1060
Lactating adenoma, vs. secretory carcinoma,
733
Lambl excrescences, vs. papillary fibroblastoma,
967
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 117-118, 117f,
765-766, 765f
Birbeck granules in, 9f
lymph node, 765-766, 765f
pulmonary, 277-278, 277f
splenic, 816-817
vs. dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, 752
vs. lymphoma, 875
vs. malakoplakia, 491
vs. mast cell disease, 762
vs. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
infection, 830
vs. Rosai-Dorfman disease, 764
vs. unusual interstitial pneumonia, 230
vs. urticaria pigmentosa, 117
vs. xanthogranuloma, 62
Large airway disease, obstructive, 222
Large B-cell lymphoma
diffuse. See Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
vs. lymphoblastic lymphoma, 298
Large cell lung carcinoma, 268-269, 268f
Large cell lymphoma
vs. infectious mononucleosis, 749, 829
vs. lymphoepithelial carcinoma, 171
vs. mediastinitis, 294
vs. neuroendocrine thymic tumor, 293
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 268-269
vs. carcinoid tumor, 270
Large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, vs.
lymphoepithelial carcinoma, 171
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
vs. hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 814
vs. mast cell disease, 815
Large intestine, 345-347. See also specific part.
adenoma and adenocarcinoma of, 386-389,
387f
carcinoid tumors of, 360-362
metastatic disease to, 409-410
Large-vessel vasculitis, 973-975, 973f-974f
Laryngotracheal papillomatosis, juvenile,
diagnostic features of, 259t
Larynx, 208-209
amyloidosis of, 210-211, 210f
neuroendocrine carcinoma of, 213-214,
213f
papilloma of, 209-210, 210f
squamous cell carcinoma of, 211-213,
211f-212f
vocal cord nodule or polyp of, 208-209,
209f
Laser capture technology, 25, 25f
Leder stain, 6
Legionella pneumonia, 246-247
Leiomyoblastoma, 394-395
Leiomyoma
cutaneous, 109-110, 110f
metastasizing, vs.
lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 272
mitotically active, vs. myometrial
leiomyosarcoma, 646
myometrial, 643-645, 644f
variants of, 645
of colonic muscularis mucosae, 395f
paratesticular, 579-580
prostatic, vs. phyllodes tumor, 556
soft tissue, 921-922, 922f
uterine, 643-645
vs. cutaneous leiomyosarcoma, 111
vs. deep benign fibrous histiocytoma, 910
vs. fallopian adenomatoid tumor, 691
vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,
901
vs. orbital rhabdomyosarcoma, 1070
vs. paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor, 579
vs. perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, 947
vs. pulmonary hamartoma, 271
vs. renomedullary interstitial cell tumor,
532
vs. schwannoma, 307, 925
vs. soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923
Leiomyomatosis, intravenous, vs. endometrial
stromal sarcoma, 641
Leiomyosarcoma
cutaneous, 110-111, 111f
fallopian tube, 693
myometrial, 646
paratesticular, 579-580, 580f
penile, 593
prostatic, vs. phyllodes tumor, 556
soft tissue, 923-924, 923f
vaginal, 616
vs. endometrial stromal nodule, 640
vs. endometrial stromal sarcoma, 642
vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,
508, 901
vs. leiomyoma, 110
vs. lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 272
vs. malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 911
vs. malignant peripheral nerve sheath
tumor, 929
vs. myometrial leiomyoma, 645
vs. orbital rhabdomyosarcoma, 1070
vs. perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, 947
vs. placental site trophoblastic tumor, 699
vs. soft tissue leiomyoma, 922
vulvar, 609
Leishmaniasis, 70f, 414
American cutaneous, 70
Oriental cutaneous, 71
vs. malaria, 831
Lentigo maligna melanoma, 103
Lepromatous leprosy, 68
Leprosy, 68f
borderline, 68
lepromatous, 68
tuberculoid, 68
vs. sarcoidosis, 67
vs. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
infection, 830
Letterer-Siwe disease, 117, 765, 816
Leukemia
acute
vs. chronic myelogenous leukemia, 816
vs. extramedullary hematopoiesis, 807
acute myeloid. See Acute myeloid leukemia.
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis,
816-817
chronic lymphocytic. See Chronic
lymphocytic leukemia/small
lymphocytic lymphoma.
chronic myelogenous, 815-816, 815f
vs. hairy cell leukemia, 813
T-cell large granular lymphocytic, vs. splenic
marginal zone lymphoma, 798
vs. Ewing sarcoma, 873
vs. medulloblastoma, 1011
Leukemic infiltration, vs. congestive
splenomegaly, 827
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, 71-72, 71f
vs. Sweet syndrome, 59
Leukodystrophies, vs. demyelinating diseases,
1046
Leukoencephalitis, acute hemorrhagic, 1046
Leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal,
1044-1045, 1044f
vs. demyelinating diseases, 1046
Leukoplakia, of oral cavity, 193-194, 193f
Lewy body dementia, 1045, 1048
Leydig cell tumor
ovarian, 674, 674f
testicular, 571-572, 571f
vs. Leydig cell hyperplasia, 571
Libman-Sacks endocarditis, vs. infective
endocarditis, 963
Lichen nitidus, 45
Lichen planopilaris, vs. alopecia areata, 45
Lichen planus, 44, 44f
in inflammatory esophagitis, 315
vs. balanitis xerotica obliterans, 587
vs. cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 48
vs. graft-versus-host disease, 47
vs. leukoplakia, 193
vs. lichen sclerosus, 599
Lichen sclerosus
of vulva, 599, 599f
vs. morphea and scleroderma, 79
Lichen simplex chronicus
of vulva, 600
vs. balanitis xerotica obliterans, 587
vs. condyloma acuminatum, 602
vs. spongiotic dermatitis, 51
Lichen striatus, 45
Lichenoid drug eruption, 45

Lichenoid keratosis, benign, 45
Ligase chain reaction (LCR), 30
Light microscopy, 2-7
fixation in, 2-3
histologic stains in, 3-6, 4f-7f
tissue processing overview in, 2
Line immunoassay (LIA), 37
Linear IgA dermatosis, vs. dermatitis
herpetiformis, 77
Lipids, histologic staining of, 4
Lipoblastoma, 914, 914f
vs. fibrous hamartoma of infancy, 895
vs. lipofibromatosis, 896
vs. myxoid and round cell liposarcoma,
916
Lipoblastomatosis, 914
Lipodermoid, vs. conjunctival squamous cell
carcinoma, 1054
Lipodystrophy, vs. subcutaneous fat necrosis,
81
Lipofibromatosis, 895-896, 896f
vs. fibrous hamartoma of infancy, 895
vs. lipoblastoma/lipoblastomatosis, 914
vs. pleomorphic lipoma, 914
Lipogranuloma
sclerosing, vs. paratesticular liposarcoma,
581
splenic, 833
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 463,
463f
Lipoma
paratesticular, 577
pleomorphic, 913-914, 913f
vs. liposarcoma/lipomatous tumor, 915
vs. myxoid and round cell liposarcoma,
916
vs. pleomorphic liposarcoma, 917
soft tissue, 911-912, 911f
spindle cell, 913-914
vs. liposarcoma/lipomatous tumor, 915
vs. myxoid and round cell liposarcoma,
916
vs. myelolipoma, 482
vs. paratesticular liposarcoma, 581
vs. pulmonary hamartoma, 271
vs. thymolipoma, 286
Lipomatous tumor, atypical, 915
Liposarcoma
dedifferentiated, 917-918, 918f
vs. pleomorphic liposarcoma, 917
karyotype analysis of, 21f
myxoid. See Myxoid liposarcoma.
paratesticular, 580-581
pleomorphic, 917, 917f
vs. malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 911
vs. pleomorphic lipoma, 914
sclerosing, vs. sclerosing epithelioid sarcoma,
907
spindle cell, vs. fibrosarcoma, 906
vs. chordoma, 878
vs. paratesticular lipoma, 577
well-differentiated, 21f, 915
vs. lipoma, 912
vs. spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma,
913-914
Littoral cell angioma, 818-819, 819f
vs. splenic hamartoma, 824
vs. splenic hemangioma, 818
Livedo vasculitis, vs. leukocytoclastic vasculitis,
72
Liver. See also Hepatic; Hepato- entries.
alcoholic disease of, 415-416
cirrhosis of. See Cirrhosis.
drug-induced disease of, 414-415
fatty. See Fatty liver disease.
focal nodular hyperplasia of, 426-427,
426f
inflammatory disease of. See Hepatitis entries.
intraductal papillary neoplasia of, 434-435,
435f
nonviral infections of, 413-414
Liver flukes, 414
Liver transplantation, pathology of, 424-425,
424f
Lobar emphysema, congenital, 221-222
Lobar mastitis, granulomatous, 703, 703f
Lobular carcinoma in situ, 722-723, 722f
Lobular hyperplasia, of breast, atypical, 722-
723, 722f
Loeys-Dietz syndrome, 983, 985
Lung(s). See also Pulmonary; Respiratory
entries.
bacterial infections of, 246-249
fungal infections of, 249
hemorrhagic diseases of, 237
iatrogenic diseases, 240
infectious diseases, 245
neoplastic conditions of, 258-260
benign epithelial tumors as, 259t
lymphoproliferative disorders as, 275
malignant epithelial tumors as, 261
malignant mesothelioma as, 279-280
mesenchymal tumors as, 270
preinvasive epithelial lesions as, 258
non-neoplastic conditions of, 218-219
pediatric and congenital, 218
obstructive diseases of
large airway, 222
small airway, 224
restrictive and interstitial diseases of, 226
transplantation of, 257-258
rejection in, 257f
grading scheme for, 258t
vascular conditions of, 242
viral infections of, 245-246
Lupus erythematosus
cutaneous, 48, 49f
systemic. See Systemic lupus erythematosus.
Lupus lymphadenitis, vs. histiocytic necrotizing
lymphadenitis, 757
Lupus vulgaris, 69
Luteinized thecoma
vs. pregnancy luteoma, 652
vs. stromal hyperthecosis, 650
Luteoma
pregnancy, 651-652, 652f
vs. thecoma, 667
stromal, ovarian, 673
Luxol fast blue stain, 6, 6f
Lymph node(s)
follicular hyperplasia of. See Follicular
lymphoid hyperplasia.
inguinal. See Inguinal lymph node.
myeloid sarcoma in, 789f
scarring of, vs. amyloidosis, 763
tuberculosis in, 766f
Index 1089
Lymphadenitis
bacterial
vs. CMV/herpes lymphadenitis, 756
vs. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,
757
cytomegalovirus, 756-757
fungal, vs. histiocytic necrotizing
lymphadenitis, 758
herpes, 756-757
histiocytic necrotizing. See Histiocytic
necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-
Fujimoto disease).
luetic. See Syphilis.
lupus, vs. histiocytic necrotizing
lymphadenitis, 757
suppurative, vs. cat-scratch disease, 756
Toxoplasma. See Toxoplasma lymphadenitis.
tuberculous. See Tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Lymphadenoma
sebaceous, of salivary glands, 159, 159f
vs. Warthin tumor, 155
Lymphadenopathy
dermatopathic, 752, 752f
HIV-associated, 747-748, 747f
vs. Castleman disease, 760
vs. follicular hyperplasia, 747
vs. infectious mononucleosis, 749
vs. lymphoma, 172
vs. syphilis, 750
vs. Toxoplasma lymphadenitis, 751
massive, sinus histiocytosis with, 763-765,
763f
Lymphangiectasia, 379-380
artifact mimicking, 380f
vs. pneumatosis intestinalis, 381
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 271-272, 271f
Lymphangioma, 935-936, 936f
orbital, 1067-1068, 1067f
vs. fallopian adenomatoid tumor, 691
vs. lymphangiectasia, 380
vs. myometrial adenomatoid tumor, 647
vs. oral pyogenic granuloma, 195
vs. salivary hemangioma, 157
vs. serous cystic neoplasm, 449
vs. splenic hemangioma, 818
vs. thymic cyst, 282
Lymphoblastic lymphoma
mediastinal, vs. diffuse large cell lymphoma,
296
mediastinal, 297-298, 297f
vs. neuroblastoma, 306
vs. thymoma, 289
nodal
vs. Burkitt lymphoma, 783-784
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. myeloid sarcoma, 789
vs. paracortical hyperplasia, 759
Lymphocytes, predominant in dermatitis with
minimal epidermal changes, 54-55
Lymphocytic colitis, 373-375, 374f
vs. inflammatory bowel disease, 368
Lymphocytic enterocolitis, vs. celiac sprue,
357
Lymphocytic gastritis, 334
associated with Mntrier disease, 336f
vs. MALT lymphoma, 345
Lymphocytic hypophysitis, vs. pituitary
adenoma, 1029
1090 Index
Lymphocytic infiltrate, atypical, vs. small cell
lung carcinoma, 266
Lymphocytic myocarditis, 954-955, 954f
differential diagnosis of, 955-956
Lymphocytic thyroiditis, nonspecific, vs.
chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 124
Lymphocytosis, reactive, vs. CNS lymphoma,
1025
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma
epithelial component of, 171
lymphoid component of, 171
of salivary glands, 170-171, 171f
vs. Mikulicz disease, 149
Lymphoepithelial cyst, 149-150, 149f
in HIV patients, vs. Warthin tumor, 155
of pancreas, 448, 448f
of salivary glands, 149-150, 149f
vs. mucocele, 151
vs. sialadenitis, 148
Lymphoepithelial lesions, benign (Mikulicz
disease), 148-149, 148f
vs. sialadenitis, 148
Lymphogranuloma venereum, vs. cat-scratch
disease, 756
Lymphoid hyperplasia
orbital, 1062-1063, 1062f
rectal, 401f
Lymphoid infiltrate, in red pulp, vs.
extramedullary hematopoiesis, 807
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, 232-233,
232f
vs. hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 234
vs. mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
(MALT) lymphoma, 276
vs. nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, 231
Lymphoid papulosis
vs. cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell
lymphoma, 120
vs. pityriasis lichenoides, 56
Lymphoma
anaplastic large cell. See Anaplastic large cell
lymphoma.
Burkitt. See Burkitt lymphoma.
diffuse large B-cell. See Diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma.
extranodal NK/T-cell, 191-192, 191f
follicular. See Follicular lymphoma.
Hodgkin. See Hodgkin lymphoma.
lymphoblastic. See Lymphoblastic
lymphoma.
lymphoplasmacytic
vs. nodal marginal zone lymphoma, 777
vs. nodal small lymphocytic lymphoma,
775
mantle cell. See Mantle cell lymphoma.
marginal zone. See Marginal zone
lymphoma.
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. See
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
(MALT) lymphoma.
non-Hodgkin. See Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
of bone/joints, 874-875, 874f
of central nervous system, 1024-1025,
1024f
vs. vasculitis, 1039-1040
of esophagus, vs. small cell carcinoma, 328
of orbit, 1062-1063
of prostate gland, 557-558
Lymphoma (Continued)
of salivary gland, 171-172, 172f
of small intestine, 399f-400f
of stomach, 344-345, 344f
of testis, 575-576, 575f
of thyroid gland, 141-142, 141f
vs. thyroid teratoma, 130
vs. undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma,
141
sclerosing, vs. sclerosing epithelioid sarcoma,
907
small lymphocytic. See Small lymphocytic
lymphoma/chronic lymphocystic
disease.
T-cell. See T-cell lymphoma.
vs. adrenal neuroblastoma, 479
vs. astrocytic tumors, 991
vs. cervical small cell carcinoma, 628
vs. congestive splenomegaly, 827
vs. cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 48-49
vs. dysgerminoma, 677
vs. Ewing sarcoma, 873
vs. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral
neuroectodermal tumor, 943
vs. follicular splenic hyperplasia, 792-793
vs. gastric carcinoid, 344
vs. hypercalcemic small cell carcinoma, 686
vs. infiltrating lobular carcinoma, 726
vs. invasive urothelial carcinoma, 504
vs. medulloblastoma, 1011
vs. Merkel cell carcinoma, 116
vs. noninfectious cystitis, 492
vs. olfactory neuroblastoma, 188
vs. orbital pseudotumor, 1064
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 921
vs. seminoma, 564
vs. sinonasal melanoma, 190
vs. squamous cell carcinoma, 507
vs. testicular malakoplakia, 560-561
vs. thymic carcinoma, 292
vs. thymoma, 289
with necrosis, vs. tuberculous lymphadenitis,
767
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, 979
Lymphomatoid papulosis, 57f
Lymphomatous polyposis, of colon, 397f
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
vs. nodal marginal zone lymphoma, 777
vs. small lymphocytic lymphoma, 775
Lymphoproliferative disorders
Epstein-Barr virusassociated, 979
post-transplant, 278-279, 278f
pulmonary, 275. See also specific disorder.
vs. autoimmune lymphoproliferative
syndrome, 796
vs. common variable immunodeficiency, 795
Lynch syndrome, 388
Lysosomes, electron microscopy of, 9, 9f
M vs. neuroendocrine carcinoma, 214
Majocchi granuloma, vs. acne vulgaris, 78
Malakoplakia
of prostate gland, 540-542
of testis, 560-561, 561f
of urinary bladder, 491, 491f
vs. orchitis, 560
vs. xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis,
517
Malaria
hepatic involvement in, 414
splenic involvement in, 831
vs. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
infection, 830
vs. sickle cell disease, 810
Male breast, carcinoma of, 742-743, 742f
Male infertility, 562-563, 562f
Malignancy-associated vasculitis, vs. immune
complex small-vessel vasculitis, 981
Malignant cylindroma, 94
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
giant cell, vs. giant cell tumor of tendon
sheath, 909
inflammatory, vs. inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor, 901
osseous, 868-869, 868f
soft tissue, 910-911, 910f
vs. aggressive angiomyxoma, 609
vs. dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, 856
vs. dedifferentiated liposarcoma, 918
vs. deep benign fibrous histiocytoma, 910
vs. embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma,
444
vs. fibrosarcoma, 867
vs. gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 398
vs. giant cell reparative granuloma, 871
vs. osteosarcoma, 843
vs. pleomorphic liposarcoma, 917
vs. reticulocytic granuloma, 63
vs. soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923
vs. splenic angiosarcoma, 821
vs. vulvar leiomyosarcoma, 609
Malignant histiocytosis, vs. Langerhans cell
histiocytosis, 817
Malignant melanoma, 103-105, 104f
amelanotic
vs. cervical squamous cell carcinoma,
623
vs. vaginal squamous cell carcinoma,
613
vs. vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, 604
intraocular, 1056-1058, 1056f
of adrenal gland, 478f, 480-481
vs. metastatic malignant melanoma, 485
of conjunctiva, 1052, 1052f
of esophagus, 327-328
differential diagnosis of, 328
of iris, 1059-1060, 1059f
of vulva, 605
superficial spreading, vs. extramammary
Paget disease, 607
vs. acquired melanocytic nevi, 103
vs. anal adenocarcinoma, 404
vs. epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, 441
vs. epithelioid sarcoma, 941
vs. ganglioneuroblastoma/ganglioneuroma,
306
vs. metastatic thyroid tumors, 142
vs. neuroendocrine thymic tumor, 293
vs. nonseminomatous germ cell tumors,
304
vs. Paget disease of nipple, 737
vs. reticulocytic granuloma, 63
vs. scrotal Paget disease, 595
Malignant mixed germ cell tumor, ovarian,
684, 684f

Malignant mixed mesodermal tumor
endometrial, 638-639
vs. immature teratoma, 682
Malignant mixed mllerian tumor. See also
Carcinosarcoma.
ovarian, 662-663, 662f
vs. endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 661
vs. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, 672
Malignant mucinous tumor, ovarian, 658f-
659f, 660-661
Malignant nodular hidradenoma, vs. clear cell
hidradenoma, 95
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, 928-
929, 928f, 1018-1019
vs. clear cell sarcoma, 946
vs. epithelioid sarcoma, 941
vs. fibrosarcoma, 906
vs. infantile fibrosarcoma, 905
vs. neurofibroma, 927
vs. schwannoma, 925
vs. soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923
vs. synovial sarcoma, 940
Malignant primary tumor, pericardial,
971-972
Malignant serous tumor, ovarian, 654f-655f,
656-657
Malrotation, intestinal, 345-347
MammPrint test, 36
Mantle cell lymphoma
flow cytometry and, 1
nodal, 775-776, 776f
vs. follicular lymphoma, 769-770
vs. marginal zone lymphoma, 777
vs. paracortical hyperplasia, 759
vs. small lymphocytic lymphoma, 775
small intestinal, 399f-400f, 400
splenic, 800-801
morphologic and immunophenotypic
features of, 797t
vs. chronic lymphocytic leukemia and
small lymphocytic lymphoma, 799
vs. follicular lymphoma, 802
Marfan syndrome, 983, 984f, 985
elastin/Alcian blue stain and, 4, 4f
Marginal zone hyperplasia, splenic, 793f
Marginal zone lymphoma
nodal, 777
vs. follicular lymphoma, 770
vs. mast cell disease, 762
vs. small lymphocytic lymphoma, 775
splenic, 796-798
morphologic and immunophenotypic
features of, 797t
vs. chronic lymphocytic leukemia and
small lymphocytic lymphoma,
799
vs. follicular lymphoma, 802
vs. mantle cell lymphoma, 801
vs. prolymphocytic leukemia, 800
vs. hairy cell leukemia, 812
Marjolin ulcer, 87. See also Squamous cell
carcinoma.
Mass spectrometry, 38
Masson trichrome stain, 4, 4f
Mast cell disease, 761-762, 761f, 814-815,
814f
splenic, vs. hairy cell leukemia, 812
vs. hairy cell leukemia, 812
Mastitis
granulomatous lobar, 703, 703f
plasma cell, 702-703, 702f
Mastocytosis. See Mast cell disease.
Mastopathy, diabetic, 704-705, 705f
Matrical carcinoma, vs. pilomatricoma, 89
Mature cystic teratoma, ovarian, 674-675, 675f
Mature solid teratoma
ovarian, 675-676, 676f
vs. immature teratoma, 682
Maxillary sinus, squamous cell carcinoma of,
181f
May-Grnwald stain, 6
MayoAccess Test Catalog, 28-30, 36
Mechanical heart valves, 963
Meckel diverticulum, 346-347, 346f
Mediastinal cyst, vs. bronchogenic cyst, 221
Mediastinitis, chronic, 294
Mediastinum
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of, 296-297,
296f
foregut cysts of, 283-284, 283f
germinoma (seminoma) of, 301-302, 302f
Hodgkin lymphoma of, 294-295, 295f
lymphoblastic lymphoma of, 297-298, 297f
metastatic tumors of, 308
neurogenic tumors of, 305-307, 305f,
306t-307t
nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of, 303-
305, 303f-304f
schwannoma of, 307-308
teratoma of, 300-301, 300f-301f
with additional malignant components,
301
Medium-vessel vasculitis, 975-976
Medullary breast carcinoma, 727-728, 728f
Medullary cystic kidney disease, 513-514
vs. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease, 512
vs. medullary sponge kidney, 513
vs. renal dysplasia, 511
Medullary pancreatic carcinoma, 454
Medullary sponge kidney, 513, 513f
vs. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease, 512
vs. medullary cystic kidney disease, 514
vs. renal dysplasia, 511-512
Medullary thyroid carcinoma, 136-138, 137f
vs. follicular thyroid adenoma, 132
vs. hyalinizing trabecular tumor, 131
vs. neuroendocrine thymic tumor, 293
vs. papillary thyroid carcinoma, 136
vs. poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma,
139
vs. undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, 140
Medulloblastoma, 1010-1011, 1010f
vs. CNS lymphoma, 1025
vs. secondary CNS tumor, 1034
vs. teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, 1013
Medulloepithelioma, 1012-1013
vs. ciliary body adenoma, 1059
Megakaryocyte(s), 11
Melanocytic neoplasms, vs. angiosarcoma, 109
Melanocytic nevus(i)
acquired, 101-103, 102f
variants of, 101-103, 102f
congenital, 100-101, 100f
vs. malignant melanoma, 105
Index 1091
Melanocytoma, choroidal, vs. intraocular
malignant melanoma, 1058
Melanoma
amelanotic, vs. ciliary body adenoma, 1059
malignant. See Malignant melanoma.
metastatic. See Metastatic melanoma.
sinonasal, 189-190, 190f
vs. olfactory neuroblastoma, 188
spindle cell, vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic
tumor, 901
Melanosis, primary acquired, of conjunctiva,
1052-1053, 1053f
Melanosis coli, 381-382, 381f
Membrane immunochromatographic tests, 37
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis,
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t
Membranous glomerulopathy,
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t
Mntrier disease, 335f-336f, 336
differential diagnosis of, 337
Meningeal hyperplasia, vs. meningioma, 1021
Meningioma, 1020-1022, 1020f
anaplastic, 1021
vs. secondary CNS tumor, 1034
atypical, 1021
choroid
vs. chordoma, 1033
vs. choroid glioma, 1003
classic, 1020-1021
papillary
vs. astroblastoma, 1003
vs. papillary glioneuronal tumor, 1009
vs. hemangioblastoma, 1024
vs. hemangiopericytoma, 1022-1023
vs. peripheral nerve sheath tumor, 1019
Meningoencephalitis, 1041-1044,
1041f-1042f
Menstruation, vs. acute endometritis, 629
Mercurials, used in fixation, 2
Merkel cell carcinoma, 115-116, 115f
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, 857-858,
857f
vs. dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, 856
vs. lymphoma, 875
Mesenchymal hamartoma, 442-443, 443f
vs. bile duct hamartoma, 432
vs. embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma,
444
vs. peribiliary duct hamartoma, 433
Mesenchymal osteosarcoma, vs. Ewing
sarcoma, 874
Mesenchymal tumors. See also specific tumor.
gastrointestinal, 397f
pulmonary, 270
Mesoblastic nephroma, 536, 536f
vs. clear cell sarcoma, 537
vs. rhabdoid tumor, 538
vs. Wilms tumor, 535
Mesodermal stromal polyp
of vagina, 610
vs. sarcoma botryoides, 616
Mesonephric-like cyst, vs. vulvar cyst, 601
Mesothelial cyst, 284
vs. foregut cyst, 284
vs. testicular hydrocele, 559
vs. vulvar cyst, 601
Mesothelial hyperplasia, reactive, vs.
mesothelioma, 280
1092 Index
Mesothelioma, 279, 279f
immunohistochemistry panel for, 14t
of pericardium, 971
of tunica vaginalis, 582, 582f
sarcomatoid, vs. pericardial fibrous tumor,
971
variants of, 279-280
vs. fallopian adenomatoid tumor, 691
vs. paratesticular adenomatoid tumor, 578
vs. primary malignant pericardial tumor,
971
vs. pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 263
Metabolic cardiomyopathy, 950, 953
Metanephric adenoma, renal, 519-520, 519f
vs. papillary adenoma, 518-519
vs. renal cell carcinoma, papillary type, 523
Metaplastic carcinoma
of breast, 732, 732f
of endometrium, 638-639, 639f
spindle cell areas in, immunohistochemistry
comparison of, 14t
vs. endometrial stromal sarcoma, 641-642
vs. myometrial leiomyosarcoma, 646
Metastatic carcinoma
of uterine cervix, 628-629
osteoblastic, vs. Paget disease of bone, 880
vs. adamantinoma, 872
vs. anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 782
vs. angiosarcoma, 862
vs. astrocytic tumors, 991
vs. Bartholin gland carcinoma, 606
vs. bladder adenocarcinoma, 506
vs. cervical invasive adenocarcinoma, 626
vs. cholangiocarcinoma, 436
vs. chordoma, 877
vs. choroid plexus carcinoma/papilloma,
1014
vs. ciliary body adenoma, 1059
vs. collecting duct carcinoma, 526
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. endometrial adenocarcinoma, 636
vs. endometriosis, 689
vs. ependymoma, 1000
vs. epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, 861
vs. fallopian adenomatoid tumor, 691
vs. giant cell tumor, 870
vs. Hodgkin lymphoma, 804
vs. intraocular malignant melanoma, 1058
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 766
vs. mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma,
788
vs. mixed germ cell tumor, 684
vs. multiple myeloma, 876
vs. myeloid sarcoma, 789
vs. myometrial adenomatoid tumor, 647
vs. myxopapillary ependymoma, 1001
vs. nodular lymphocyte predominant
Hodgkin lymphoma, 773
vs. osteosarcoma, 843
vs. paratesticular adenomatoid tumor, 578
vs. primary malignant pericardial tumor,
971
vs. pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 263
vs. Rosai-Dorfman disease, 764
vs. salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 690
vs. sclerosing epithelioid sarcoma, 907
vs. spinal cord paraganglioma, 1010
vs. vaginal adenosis, 613
Metastatic melanoma
amelanotic, vs. lymphoepithelial carcinoma,
171
vs. dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, 752
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 766
vs. malignant melanoma, 481
vs. Rosai-Dorfman disease, 764
vs. splenic angiosarcoma, 821
Metastatic small cell carcinoma
vs. lymphoma, 875
vs. Merkel cell carcinoma, 116
vs. paracortical hyperplasia, 759
vs. prostatic neuroendocrine (small cell)
carcinoma, 553
vs. small cell carcinoma, 507
Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma
vs. Bartholin gland carcinoma, 606
vs. cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 623
vs. sebaceous lymphadenoma, 159
vs. urothelial squamous cell carcinoma,
507
vs. vaginal squamous cell carcinoma, 613
Metastatic tumors
endocrine, vs. hepatocellular carcinoma,
430
nonendocrine, vs. hepatocellular carcinoma,
430
of adrenal glands, 484-485, 484f
of bone, 881-882, 881f
of breast, 743-744, 743f
of fallopian tube, 693
of heart, 972
of kidney, 538. See also Renal cell
carcinoma, metastatic.
of oral cavity, 208, 208f
of ovary, 686-687, 687f
of pancreas, 459
of paranasal sinuses, 192
of parathyroid glands, 147, 147f
of pericardium, 972
of salivary glands, 173, 173f
of thyroid gland, 142, 142f
vs. undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma,
140
of urinary bladder, 510
primary sites of, antibody reagents
identifying, 13t
vs. adrenal cortical carcinoma, 470
vs. colorectal carcinoma, 389
Methanol, used in fixation, 2
Methotrexate pneumonitis, 242f
Methotrexate toxicity, vs. bleomycin toxicity,
241
Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, 491, 491f
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma, 97-98, 97f
vs. syringoma, 92
vs. trichoepithelioma, 88
Microglandular hyperplasia
of uterine cervix, 617, 617f
vs. cervical adenocarcinoma in situ, 624
vs. cervical invasive adenocarcinoma, 626
vs. endocervical polyp, 616
Microinvasive adenocarcinoma, vs. cervical
adenocarcinoma in situ, 624
Micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia, vs.
atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, 261
Microorganisms, histologic staining of, 6, 6f-7f
Microphthalmos with cyst, 1068-1069, 1068f
MicroRNA, 38
Microscopic polyangiitis, 977-978
Microscopy
electron, 8-10. See also Electron microscopy.
fluorescence, 7-8, 7t
light, 2-7. See also Light microscopy.
Microsporidiosis, in immunocompromised
patients, 352-353
Middle lobe syndrome, vs. bronchiectasis, 224
Migratory thrombophlebitis, 72-73, 72f
Mikulicz disease, 148-149, 148f
vs. lymphoepithelial carcinoma, 171
vs. sialadenitis, 148
Miliary tuberculosis, 832-833
Milk allergy, cows, vs. eosinophilic
gastroenteritis, 364
Mineral(s), histologic staining of, 6
Mineral dust bronchiolitis, 225t
Mitochondria, electron microscopy of, 8-9
Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, 950
Mitral annular calcification, 960-961
Mitral valve, 959f
prolapse of, 960-961
regurgitation of, 959
stenosis of, 959
Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor, renal, 531-
532, 531f
Mixed germ cell tumor, ovarian, 684, 684f
Mixed gliomas, 998
Mixed mesodermal tumor, malignant. See
Malignant mixed mesodermal tumor.
Mixed mllerian tumor, malignant. See
Malignant mixed mllerian tumor.
Mixed nonteratomatous germ cell tumors,
mediastinal, 304, 304f
Molar pregnancy. See also Pregnancy.
FISH analysis of, 17t
Molecular pathology techniques, 24-38
amplification methods, 25-31
emerging methodologies in, 37-38
gel electrophoresis, 32
hybridization methods, 32-36, 33f-36f
introduction to, 24
nucleic acid amplification methods, 25-30
nucleic acid extraction methods, 24-25
nucleic acid sequencing, 37, 37f
other methods of, 25-31, 26f-27f, 28t-29t
protein analytical methods, 37
signal amplification techniques, 30-31
tissue microdissection methods, 25, 25f
web resources for, 38
Molluscum contagiosum
of vulva, 601, 601f
vs. verrucae, 85
Monoclonal antibody, definition of, 10
Monocyte(s), 11
Monodermal teratoma, ovarian, 682-684,
683f
Monomorphic adenoma, vs. polymorphous low-
grade adenocarcinoma, 163
Mononucleosis, infectious. See Infectious
mononucleosis.
Morphea, 78-79, 78f
Mucha-Habermann disease, 55
Mucicarmine stain, 4
Mucinous carcinoma
metastatic, vs. chordoma, 1033
of breast, 728-729, 728f

Mucinous carcinoma (Continued)
renal tubular, 527, 527f
vs. renal cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid
type, 529
vs. endometrioid carcinoma, 661
Mucinous cyst
vs. struma ovarii, 683
vs. vulvar cyst, 600
Mucinous cystadenoma
appendiceal, 405f, 406
diagnostic features of, 259t
ovarian, 658f-659f
vs. transitional cell carcinoma, 665
Mucinous tumor
cystic
of exocrine pancreas, 449f-450f
vs. intraductal papillary mucinous
neoplasms, 451
vs. serous cystic neoplasms, 449
ovarian
benign, 657-659, 658f-659f
borderline, 658f-659f, 659-660
malignant, 658f-659f, 660-661
vs. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, 672
Mucocele
of appendix, 403, 405-406
of salivary glands, 151, 151f
Mucocele-like tumor, vs. mucinous carcinoma,
729
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
of salivary glands, 164-165, 164f
of thymus, 290f, 291
vs. acinic cell carcinoma, 162
vs. oncocytoma, 156
Mucopolysaccharidoses, differential diagnosis
of, 805t
Mucoproteins, histologic staining of, 4-6, 5f
Mucormycosis, in immunocompromised
patients, 352-353
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
lymphoma
gastric, 344-345, 344f
pulmonary, 275-276, 276f
vs. chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 124
Mucosal ganglioneuroma, colonic, 391f,
394
Mucosal prolapse syndromes, 375
Mucous cells, in mucoepidermoid carcinoma,
164
Mucous cyst, of vulva, 600-601, 600f
Mucus gland adenoma, diagnostic features of,
259t
Mucus retention cyst, vs. salivary duct cyst,
150
Muir-Tore syndrome, in sebaceous carcinoma,
100
Muir-Turcot syndrome, 392
Mllerian papilloma, vs. sarcoma botryoides,
615
Multifocal leukoencephalopathy, progressive,
1044-1045, 1044f
vs. demyelinating diseases, 1046
Multilocular cyst (cystic nephroma), 530-531,
530f
Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma, 524-
525, 524f
Multinodular goiter, 126, 126f
Multiple endocrine neoplasia I (MEN I), 464
Multiple endocrine neoplasia IIA (MEN IIA),
136
adrenal medullary hyperplasia associated
with, 472
Multiple endocrine neoplasia IIB (MEN IIB),
136
adrenal medullary hyperplasia associated
with, 472
Multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification
(MLPA), 31
Multiple myeloma, 875-877, 876f
Multiple sclerosis, 1045-1046, 1045f
demyelination in, Luxol fast blue staining of,
6f
Marburg type of, 1045
vs. progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy, 1045
vs. vasculitis, 1039
Multiplex PCR method, 26
Mycobacterial pneumonia, atypical, 249, 249f
Mycobacterial pseudotumor, vs. splenic
inflammatory pseudotumor, 825
Mycobacteriosis, vs. Rosai-Dorfman disease,
764
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection
in immunocompromised patients, 352f, 353
of spleen, 830-831, 830f
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 816
vs. Whipple disease, 356
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 247-248, 248f. See
also Tuberculosis.
Mycosis fungoides, 118-119, 119f
metastatic, vs. dermatopathic
lymphadenopathy, 752
vs. secondary syphilis, 58
Myelofibrosis, vs. congestive splenomegaly,
827
Myeloid cell(s), 11
Myeloid sarcoma, 788-789, 789f
vs. precursor B-cell lymphoblastic
lymphoma, 780
Myelolipoma
adrenal, 481-482, 482f
vs. adrenal cysts and pseudocysts, 483
MYH-associated polyposis syndrome, 392
Myoblastoma, granular cell. See Granular cell
tumor.
Myocardial infarction, vs. cardiac sarcoidosis,
958
Myocarditis, 954-956, 954f
acute necrotizing eosinophilic, 955
differential diagnosis of, 955-956
eosinophilic, 955
giant cell, 954f, 956
hypereosinophilic syndrome, 955
hypersensitivity, 955
lymphocytic, 954-955, 954f
Myoepithelial carcinoma
vs. epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, 166
vs. salivary myoepithelioma, 153-154
Myoepithelial cells, in epithelial-myoepithelial
carcinoma, 165
Myoepithelial-rich mixed tumor, vs. salivary
myoepithelioma, 153
Myoepithelioma
of salivary glands, 153-154, 153f
variants of, 153
Myofibroblastic sarcoma, low-grade, 904
Index 1093
Myofibroblastic tumor, inflammatory. See
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.
Myofibroma, 897-898, 897f
vs. infantile fibrosarcoma, 905
vs. low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, 904
Myofibromatosis, 897-898
vs. infantile fibrosarcoma, 905
vs. low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, 904
Myometrium, 643
adenomatoid tumor of, 646-647, 647f
adenomyosis of, 643, 643f
leiomyoma of, 643-645, 644f
leiomyosarcoma of, 646
Myopericytoma, 932-933
Myositis, 891-892
Myositis ossificans, 892, 892f
vs. parosteal osteosarcoma, 845
Myospherulosis, vs. sinusitis, 175
Myxofibrosarcoma, 907-908, 908f
low-grade, vs. low-grade fibromyxoid
sarcoma, 903
Myxoglobulosis, of appendix, 406f, 407
Myxoid chondrosarcoma, vs. ossifying
fibromyxoid tumor, 937
Myxoid liposarcoma, 916, 916f
round cell, 916, 916f
vs. ischemic fasciitis, 893
vs. lipoblastoma/lipoblastomatosis, 914
vs. lipoma, 912
vs. malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 911
vs. myxofibrosarcoma, 908
Myxoid neurofibroma
vs. low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, 903
vs. myxoma, 937
Myxoid sarcoma, vs. cardiac myxoma, 965
Myxoma
cardiac, 964-965, 964f
papillary, vs. papillary fibroblastoma, 967
soft tissue, 936-937, 936f
vs. cardiac sarcomas, 968-969
vs. lipoma, 912
vs. myxofibrosarcoma, 908
vs. neurofibroma, 927
vs. nodular fasciitis, 890
Myxopapillary ependymoma, 1000-1001
vs. chordoma, 1033
N
Nasal polyp, 176-177, 176f
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, 177-178, 177f
vs. nasal polyp, 177
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 182-184, 183f
vs. extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,
191-192
vs. oral squamous cell carcinoma, 207
vs. sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma,
182
vs. squamous cell carcinoma of tonsil, 185
Nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelial carcinoma,
metastatic, vs. salivary lymphoepithelial
carcinoma, 171
Nasopharyngeal papillary carcinoma, vs.
sinonasal adenocarcinoma, 186
Nasopharyngeal spindled lesions,
clinicopathologic comparisons of, 174t
Nasopharynx, 173. See also Nasopharyngeal
entries.
Natural killer cell(s), 11
1094 Index
Necator americanus infestation (hookworm),
379
Necrobiosis lipoidica, 64f
vs. granuloma annulare, 64
vs. necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, 66
vs. rheumatoid nodule, 65
Necrobiotic granuloma, 63-64
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, 66f
Necrosis, reactive processes with, 755-756
Necrotizing arteritis, 977f
vs. thromboangiitis obliterans, 982
Necrotizing sarcoidosis, vs. tuberculous
lymphadenitis, 766
Necrotizing sialometaplasia, vs. sialadenitis,
148
Neoplastic conditions, of lungs, 258-260
benign epithelial tumors as, 259t
lymphoproliferative disorders as, 275
malignant epithelial tumors as, 261
malignant mesothelioma as, 279-280
mesenchymal tumors as, 271
preinvasive epithelial lesions as, 258
Nephroblastoma. See also Wilms tumor.
cystic, partially differentiated, 535-536
vs. metanephric adenoma, 519
vs. renal cell carcinoma, papillary type,
523
Nephroblastomatosis, 535
Nephrogenic adenoma, 495-496, 496f
urethral, 584, 584f
vs. bladder adenocarcinoma, 506
vs. capillary hemangioma, 496
vs. invasive urothelial carcinoma, 504
vs. low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma,
496
vs. prostatic and clear cell adenocarcinoma,
496
Nephrogenic rests, 535
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, vs. morphea and
scleroderma, 79
Nephroma
cystic, 530-531, 530f
vs. mixed epithelial and stromal tumor,
532
vs. multilocular cystic renal cell
carcinoma, 525
mesoblastic, 536, 536f
vs. clear cell sarcoma, 537
vs. rhabdoid tumor, 538
vs. Wilms tumor, 535
Nephronophthisis, familial juvenile,
513-514
Nerve(s), histologic staining of, 6, 6f
Nerve sheath myxoma, vs. myxoma, 937
Nerve sheath tumor, peripheral, 1017-1019,
1017f. See also specific tumor.
malignant. See Malignant peripheral nerve
sheath tumor.
Nested PCR method, 26
Neural neoplasms, 114
Neuraxial cysts, 1026-1028, 1027f
Neurilemmoma. See Schwannoma.
Neuroblastoma, 1012-1013
adrenal, 477-479, 478f, 479t-480t
differential diagnosis of, 479
features of, 477-478
histopathology of, 478-479, 478f
pathology of, 478, 478f
Neuroblastoma, adrenal (Continued)
prognosis of, 479t
risk groups for, 480t
vs. ganglioneuroblastoma, 477
mediastinal, 305-306
differential diagnosis of, 306
features of, 306t
metastatic
vs. Ewing sarcoma, 873
vs. lymphoma, 875
vs. orbital rhabdomyosarcoma,
1069-1070
olfactory (esthesioneuroblastoma), 187-188,
187f
vs. extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,
192
vs. sinonasal melanoma, 190
renal cell carcinoma associated with, 529
vs. Burkitt lymphoma, 784
vs. central and extraventricular
neurocytomas, 1008
vs. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral
neuroectodermal tumor, 942
vs. lymphoblastic lymphoma, 298
vs. pheochromocytoma, 475
vs. precursor B-cell lymphoblastic
lymphoma, 781
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 921
vs. Wilms tumor, 534
Neurocytoma
central, 1007-1008, 1007f
vs. oligodendroglioma, 997
vs. rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor,
1009
vs. supratentorial primitive
neuroectodermal tumor,
1012-1013
extraventricular, 1007-1008
Neuroectodermal tumor
of bone
vs. Ewing sarcoma, 873
vs. lymphoma, 875
peripheral
vs. lymphoblastic lymphoma, 298
vs. olfactory neuroblastoma, 188
vs. sinonasal melanoma, 190
vs. undifferentiated pancreatic neoplasm,
458
primitive
vs. immature teratoma, 682
vs. Wilms tumor, 534
Neuroendocrine carcinoma
metastatic
vs. CNS lymphoma, 1025
vs. medulloblastoma, 1011
vs. supratentorial primitive
neuroectodermal tumor, 1012
of larynx, 213-214, 213f
of prostate gland, 553-554
vs. lymphoma, 558
of rectum and anal canal, 402f
of thymus, 292-293, 292f
poorly differentiated. See Small cell
carcinoma.
Neuroendocrine granules, in small cell
carcinoma, 9f
Neuroepithelial tumors, 1002-1003. See also
specific tumor.
Neurofibroma, 1018-1019
cutaneous, 114-115, 114f
myxoid
vs. low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma,
903
vs. myxoma, 937
soft tissue, 926-927, 926f
vs. dermatofibroma, 112, 114
vs. dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans,
114
vs. ganglioneuroma, 476
vs. leiomyoma, 110
vs. palisaded and encapsulated neuroma,
114
vs. paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor,
579
vs. schwannoma, 115, 307, 925
Neurofibromatosis, vs. fibromuscular dysplasia,
983
Neurogenic tumors, of mediastinum, 305-307,
305f, 306t-307t. See also specific tumor.
Neurohypophysis, granular cell tumor of
vs. pituicytoma, 1030
vs. pituitary adenoma, 1030
Neuroma, palisaded and encapsulated, vs.
neurofibroma, 114
Neuronal tumors, 1004-1006. See also specific
tumor.
Neutrophils, predominant in nodular/diffuse
dermatitis, 59
Nevus(i)
acquired, melanocytic, 101-103, 102f
variants of, 101-103, 102f
choroidal, vs. intraocular malignant
melanoma, 1057-1058
conjunctival, vs. malignant melanoma,
1052
iris, 1059-1060
strawberry, 1066
Nevus sebaceus, 98-99, 98f
Newborn, subcutaneous fat necrosis of, 80-81,
81f
Niemann-Pick disease, 805f
differential diagnosis of, 805t
Nikolsky sign, in pemphigus, 74
Nipple
florid papillomatosis of, 713-714, 713f
Paget disease of, 736-737, 737f
Nocardiosis, 247, 247f
Nodular and diffuse dermatitis, 59
eosinophils predominant in, 60
histiocytes predominant in, 61-62
neutrophils predominant in, 59
Nodular fasciitis, 890-891, 890f
vs. calcifying fibrous pseudotumor, 900
vs. deep benign fibrous histiocytoma, 910
vs. desmoid-type fibromatosis, 899
vs. myofibroma/myofibromatosis, 897
vs. proliferative fasciitis, 892
Nodular hyperplasia
vs. dyshormogenetic goiter, 128
vs. follicular thyroid carcinoma, 134
Nodular melanoma, 103
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
vs. cirrhosis, 426
vs. focal nodular hyperplasia, 427
vs. hepatic adenoma, 428
Nodular stage, of Kaposi sarcoma, 107, 108f

Nodular vasculitis, vs. migratory
thrombophlebitis, 73
Nodule. See specific type and at anatomic site.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, 416-417
vs. alcoholic liver disease/alcoholic
steatohepatitis, 415-416
vs. viral hepatitis, 413
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, vs.
infective endocarditis, 962-963
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
of central nervous system, 1025
of testis, 575-576, 575f
of thyroid gland, 141
vs. Hodgkin lymphoma, 295
vs. nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 183
vs. prostatic neuroendocrine (small cell)
carcinoma, 553
vs. prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma, 557
vs. prostatic small cell carcinoma, 170
vs. prostatitis, 542
Noninfectious cystitis, 491-492, 492f
vs. bacterial cystitis, 490
vs. interstitial (Hunner) cystitis, 494
Noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma
high-grade, 502, 502f
vs. noninvasive low-grade papillary
urothelial carcinoma, 501
low-grade, 501, 501f
vs. noninvasive high-grade papillary
urothelial carcinoma, 502
vs. papillary urothelial neoplasm of
malignant potential, 501
Nonkeratizing squamous cell carcinoma, of
larynx, 211
Nonmolar pregnancy. See also Pregnancy.
vs. gestational choriocarcinoma, 698
vs. hydatidiform mole, 696
Non-neoplastic conditions, of lungs, 218-219
pediatric and congenital, 218
Nonossifying fibroma, 865-866, 865f
vs. giant cell reparative granuloma, 871
vs. giant cell tumor, 870
Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, of
mediastinum, 303-305, 303f-304f. See
also specific tumor.
Nonspecific autoimmune encephalitis, vs.
encephalitis/meningoencephalitis, 1044
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, 230-231,
230f
vs. cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,
228
vs. desquamative interstitial pneumonia,
232
vs. hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 234
Nonspecific lymphocytic thyroiditis, vs. chronic
lymphocytic thyroiditis, 124
Nonurachal adenocarcinoma, of bladder,
505-506
Nonvasculitic autoimmune inflammatory
meningoencephalitis, vs. vasculitis,
1039-1040
Nonviral infections, 413, 414f
Nora lesion (parosteal osteochondromatous
proliferation), vs. osteochondroma, 849
Northern blot assay, 33-34
Norwegian scabies, 61
Nuchal fibroma, vs. Gardner fibroma, 898
Nuclear elements, histologic staining of, 6
Nucleic acid
extraction methods of, 24-25
DNA, 24
DNA/RNA quantification, purity, and
integrity assay in, 24-25
RNA, 24
storage of, 25
Nucleic acid amplification methods, 25-30,
26f-27f, 28t-29t
Nucleic acid sequencebased amplification
(NASBA), 30
Nucleic acid sequencing, 37, 37f
Nucleolus, electron microscopy of, 8
Nucleus, electron microscopy of, 8
Nummular dermatitis, 51
O odontogenic keratocyst of, 199-200, 199f
Obstructive lung diseases, 222
large airway, 222
small airway, 224
Ocular lesions. See also specific lesion.
adult, 1052
external, 1052
internal, 1056-1058
childhood, 1060-1062
Ocular trauma, penetrating, 1060
Odontogenic keratocyst, 199-200, 199f
vs. dentigerous cyst, 198
vs. radicular cyst, 197
Odontogenic tumor
adenomatoid, 202-203, 202f
calcifying epithelial, 201-202, 201f
Oil red O stain, 4
Olfactory neuroblastoma
(esthesioneuroblastoma), 187-188, 187f
vs. extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, 192
vs. sinonasal melanoma, 190
Oligoastrocytoma, vs. dysembryoplastic
neuroepithelial tumor, 1007
Oligodendroglial tumors, 996-998. See also
specific tumor.
Oligodendroglioma, 996-997, 996f
anaplastic, 996-997
astrocytoma and, 998
pure, vs. mixed gliomas, 998
vs. astrocytic tumors, 991
vs. central and extraventricular
neurocytomas, 1008
vs. cerebral infarct/hematoma, 1038
vs. CNS lymphoma, 1025
vs. dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor,
1007
vs. progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy, 1045
with neurocytic differentiation, 997
Omphalocele, 345-346
Oncocytic nodule, parathyroid, vs. parathyroid
adenoma, 146
Oncocytic salivary metaplasia, vs. oncocytoma,
156
Oncocytoma
adenohypophyseal, vs. pituicytoma, 1030
of adenohypophysis, vs. pituitary adenoma,
1030
of kidney, 520-521, 520f
vs. renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe
type, 524
of salivary glands, 155-156, 155f
Index 1095
Oncocytoma (Continued)
vs. conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma,
1054
vs. Warthin tumor, 155
Oncogenes, 11, 11f, 22, 22t
Opportunistic infection, vs. graft-versus-host
disease, 365
Oral cavity, 193-194
adenomatoid odontogenic tumor of, 202-
203, 202f
ameloblastoma of, 200-201, 200f
cementoblastoma of, 203, 204f
chondrosarcoma of, 203-205, 205f
dentigerous cyst of, 198, 198f
granular cell tumor of, 196, 196f
leukoplakia of, 193-194, 193f
osteosarcoma of, 205-206, 206f
Pindborg tumor of, 201-202, 201f
pyogenic granuloma of, 195, 195f
radicular cyst of, 196-197, 197f
squamous cell carcinoma of, 207-208,
207f
squamous papilloma of, 194, 194f
tumors metastasizing to, 208, 208f
Orbit
adult lesions of, 1062-1063
childhood lesions of, 1066
cystic, 1066
solid, 1069-1070
Orbital capillary hemangioma, 1066-1067,
1067f
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 1070
Orbital cellulitis
vs. dermoid/epidermoid cyst, 1066
vs. lymphoma, 1063
vs. pseudotumor, 1064
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 1070
vs. thyroid orbitopathy, 1065
Orbital lymphangioma, 1067-1068, 1067f
Orbital pseudotumor, 1063-1064, 1064f
vs. lymphangioma, 1068
vs. lymphoma, 1063
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 1070
vs. thyroid orbitopathy, 1065
Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma, 1069-1070,
1069f
Orbital tumor, solid
vs. lymphoma, 1063
vs. pseudotumor, 1064
Orchitis, 559-560, 559f
chronic, vs. lymphoma, 576
Oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis, 71
Oropharynx, squamous cell carcinoma of, 184-
185, 184f
Ossifying fibroma
of long bones. See Osteofibrous dysplasia.
vs. osteosarcoma, 206
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor, 937, 937f
Osteoarthritis, 882-883
vs. rheumatoid arthritis, 883
Osteoblastic osteosarcoma, vs. osteoblastoma,
841
Osteoblastoma, 840-841, 840f
vs. cementoblastoma, 203
vs. clear cell chondrosarcoma, 859
vs. low-grade surface osteosarcoma, 847
vs. osteoid osteoma, 839
1096 Index
Osteoblastoma (Continued)
vs. osteoma, 838
vs. osteosarcoma, 843
vs. Paget disease of bone, 880
Osteochondroma, 848-849, 848f
vs. parosteal osteosarcoma, 845
Osteochondromatosis, 848
Osteoclast-rich tumor, vs. gastrointestinal
stromal tumor, 399
Osteofibrous dysplasia, 864-865, 864f
vs. adamantinoma, 872
vs. fibrous dysplasia, 863
Osteoid osteoma, 838-840, 839f
vs. osteoblastoma, 841
Osteoid tumors, 838. See also specific tumor.
Osteoma, 838, 838f
choroidal, vs. intraocular malignant
melanoma, 1058
Osteomyelitis
chronic
vs. lymphoma, 875
vs. multiple myeloma, 876
vs. Paget disease of bone, 880
vs. rheumatoid arthritis, 884
vs. osteosarcoma, 843
Osteosarcoma
chondroblastic, 206
vs. chondroblastoma, 853
vs. chondrosarcoma, 205
vs. intramedullary chondrosarcoma, 855
conventional intramedullary, 841-843, 841f
vs. low-grade surface osteosarcoma, 847
vs. osteofibrous dysplasia, 865
vs. periosteal osteosarcoma, 846
vs. telangiectatic osteosarcoma, 844
extraskeletal, vs. myositis ossificans, 892
fibroblastic, 206
giant cellrich, 842
vs. giant cell reparative granuloma, 871
vs. giant cell tumor, 870
high-grade surface, 846-847
vs. parosteal osteosarcoma, 845
vs. periosteal osteosarcoma, 846
low-grade surface, 847
vs. fibrous dysplasia, 864
mesenchymal, vs. Ewing sarcoma, 874
of jaw, 205-206, 206f
osteoblastic, 206
vs. osteoblastoma, 841
parosteal, 844-845, 845f
vs. high-grade surface osteosarcoma, 847
vs. osteochondroma, 849
vs. osteoma, 838
vs. periosteal osteosarcoma, 846
periosteal, 845-846
vs. parosteal osteosarcoma, 845
vs. periosteal chondroma, 851
telangiectatic, 206, 843-844, 844f
vs. aneurysmal bone cyst, 879
vs. chondrosarcoma, 206
vs. Ewing sarcoma, 873
vs. lymphoma, 875
vs. malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 868
vs. metastatic bone tumors, 881
vs. myxoid and salivary neoplasms, 206
vs. ossifying fibroma, 206
vs. osteoblastoma, 206
vs. osteoid osteoma, 839
Ovary, 647-648
adenocarcinoma of
immunophenotype of, 16t
primary and metastatic,
immunohistochemistry panel for,
16t
Brenner tumor of, 664-665, 664f
cancer of, 653t
choriocarcinoma of, 680-681, 680f
clear cell carcinoma of, 663-664, 663f
corpus luteum cyst of, 647-648, 648f
dysgerminoma of, 676-677, 676f
edema of, 651
embryonal carcinoma of, 679-680, 679f
endometrioid tumor of, 661-662, 661f
endometriosis of, 652-653
epithelial-stromal tumor of, 653
fibroma of, 665-666, 665f
fibromatosis of, 651
follicular cyst of, 647-648, 648f
germ cell tumor of, 674
gonadoblastoma of, 685, 685f
granulosa cell tumor of
adult, 667-668, 667f
juvenile, 669
gynandroblastoma of, 673
hypercalcemic small cell carcinoma of, 686,
686f
hyperreactio luteinalis of, 649
Leydig cell tumor of, 674, 674f
malignant mixed mllerian tumor of, 662-
663, 662f
metastatic tumor of, 686-687, 687f
miscellaneous conditions of, 647
mixed germ cell tumor of, 684, 684f
mucinous tumor of
benign, 657-659, 658f-659f
borderline, 658f-659f, 659-660
malignant, 658f-659f, 660-661
polycystic, 649-650, 649f
polyembryoma of, 680
sclerosing stromal tumor of, 669-670, 670f
serous carcinoma of, immunohistochemistry
of, 16t
serous tumor of
benign, 653-655, 654f-655f
borderline, 654f-655f, 655-656
malignant, 654f-655f, 656-657
Sertoli cell tumor of, 670-671, 670f
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of, 671-672, 671f
sex cord tumor with annular tubules of, 672
sex cordstromal tumor of, 665
immunohistochemistry approach to, 16t
stromal hyperplasia of, 650-651
stromal hyperthecosis of, 650-651, 650f
stromal luteoma of, 673
teratoma of
immature, 681-682, 681f
mature cystic, 674-675, 675f
mature solid, 675-676, 676f
monodermal
carcinoid tumor, 683-684
struma ovarii, 682-683, 683f
thecoma of, 666-667, 666f
transitional cell carcinoma of, 664-665,
664f
yolk sac tumor of, 677-679, 678f
Oxidizing agents, used in fixation, 2
P
Paget disease
extramammary (vulvar), 606-607, 606f
vs. vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, 603
vs. vulvar malignant melanoma, 605
of anal canal, 404
of bone, 880-881, 880f
vs. metastatic bone tumors, 882
of nipple, 736-737, 737f
vs. florid papillomatosis, 714
of penis, 594-595, 595f
of scrotum, 594-595
perianal, 403f
Palisading granuloma, 63-64
Palmoplantar warts, 84
Palpation thyroiditis, vs. granulomatous
thyroiditis, 123
Pancreas
endocrine
undifferentiated neoplasms of, 457-458
well-differentiated neoplasms of, 456-
457, 457f
vs. acinar cell carcinoma, 455
vs. invasive ductal adenocarcinoma,
454
vs. pancreatoblastoma, 456
vs. solid pseudopapillary neoplasm,
459
vs. undifferentiated neoplasm, 458
exocrine
acinar cell carcinoma of, 455, 455f
intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
of, 450-451, 451f
intraepithelial neoplasia of, 452-455
invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of, 453f
mucinous cystic neoplasms of, 449f-450f
serous cystic neoplasms of, 448-449,
448f
metastases to, 459
neoplasms of uncertain direction of
differentiation of, 458-459
non-neoplastic conditions of, 445-447
Pancreatic fat necrosis, vs. subcutaneous fat
necrosis, 81
Pancreatic heterotopia, 329
Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 452, 452f
vs. intraductal papillary mucinous
neoplasms, 451
Pancreatic pseudocyst, 447
vs. mucinous cystic neoplasm, 450
Pancreatitis
autoimmune, 445-446, 446f
chronic, 446f, 448
vs. invasive ductal adenocarcinoma, 454
Pancreatoblastoma, 455-456, 456f
vs. acinar cell carcinoma, 455
vs. invasive ductal adenocarcinoma, 454
vs. solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, 459
vs. well-differentiated pancreatic neoplasm,
457
Panniculitis, 79
infectious, vs. erythema nodosum, 80
poststeroid, vs. subcutaneous fat necrosis, 81
vs. liposarcoma/lipomatous tumor, 915
Pannus overgrowth, in prosthetic heart valves,
963
Papillary adenocarcinoma, metastatic, vs.
papillary glioneuronal tumor, 1009

Papillary adenofibroma, vs. endocervical polyp,
617
Papillary adenoma
diagnostic features of, 259t
renal, 518-519, 518f
vs. renal cell carcinoma, papillary type,
523
Papillary carcinoma
of breast, 730-731, 731f
vs. epididymal papillary cystadenoma, 578
Papillary cystadenocarcinoma
vs. acinic cell carcinoma, 162
vs. cystadenoma, 157
Papillary cystadenoma
of epididymis, 578
oncocytic, vs. Warthin tumor, 155
Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. See
Warthin tumor.
Papillary endothelial hyperplasia, vs.
angiosarcoma, 935
Papillary ependymoma, 999
vs. papillary glioneuronal tumor, 1009
Papillary fibroelastoma, 966-968, 967f
vs. cardiac myxoma, 965
Papillary glioneuronal tumor, 1008-1009
vs. rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor,
1009
Papillary hidradenoma, of vulva, 607, 607f
Papillary meningioma
vs. astroblastoma, 1003
vs. papillary glioneuronal tumor, 1009
Papillary myxoma, vs. papillary fibroblastoma,
967
Papillary oncocytic cystadenoma, vs. Warthin
tumor, 155
Papillary squamous carcinoma, vs. sinonasal
(Schneiderian) papilloma, 180
Papillary thyroid carcinoma, 134-136, 135f
histologic variants of, 135
vs. branchial cleft cyst, 129
vs. chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 124
vs. follicular thyroid adenoma, 132
immunohistochemistry panel
distinguishing, 19t
vs. follicular thyroid carcinoma, 134
vs. Graves disease, 126
vs. hyalinizing trabecular tumor, 131
vs. medullary thyroid carcinoma, 138
vs. undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, 140
Papillary tumor, of pineal region, 1016-1017
Papillary urothelial carcinoma
of ureter
high-grade, 489, 489f
low-grade, 489, 489f
of urinary bladder
noninvasive high-grade, 502, 502f
noninvasive low-grade, 501, 501f
vs. bacterial cystitis, 490
vs. nephrogenic adenoma, 496
vs. noninfectious cystitis, 492
Papillary urothelial hyperplasia, 498-499
Papillary urothelial lesions, 498. See also specific
lesion.
Papillary urothelial neoplasm of malignant
potential, 500-501, 500f
vs. noninvasive low-grade papillary
urothelial carcinoma, 501
vs. urothelial papilloma, 499
Papilloma
choroid plexus, 1014-1015
vs. papillary glioneuronal tumor,
1009
epithelial, of fallopian tube, 692, 692f
intraductal
of breast, 711-713, 711f
vs. cystadenoma, 157
vs. papillary carcinoma, 731
laryngeal, 209-210, 210f
juvenile, vs. vocal cord nodule, 209
sinonasal (Schneiderian), 179-180, 179f
vs. sinonasal adenocarcinoma, 186
vs. squamous cell carcinoma of sinonasal
region, 181
squamous. See Squamous papilloma.
tracheal, vs. tracheal carcinoma, 215
urothelial. See Urothelial papilloma.
vs. condyloma acuminatum, 602
Papillomatosis
biliary, 434-435, 435f
florid, of nipple, 713-714, 713f
juvenile laryngotracheal, diagnostic features
of, 259t
Papulosis
Bowenoid, 402-403
lymphoid, vs. cutaneous CD30-positive T-
cell lymphoma, 120
Paracoccidioidomycosis, 70
Paracortical hyperplasia, nonspecific, 758-759,
758f
Paracortical lymphoid hyperplasia
vs. angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma,
786
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. mantle cell lymphoma, 776
vs. peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 785
vs. small lymphocytic lymphoma, 774
Paraganglioma
laryngeal, 213f, 214
soft tissue, 927-928, 927f
spinal cord, 1009-1010
vs. adult rhabdomyoma, 919
vs. alveolar soft part sarcoma, 945
vs. ganglioneuroblastoma/ganglioneuroma,
306
vs. glomus tumor, 931
vs. hemangioblastoma, 1024
vs. hyalinizing trabecular tumor, 131
vs. myxopapillary ependymoma, 1001
vs. neuroendocrine thymic tumor, 293
Paranasal sinuses. See also Sinonasal entries.
inflammation of, 173-176, 175f
tumors metastasizing to, 192
Paraneoplastic encephalitis, vs. encephalitis/
meningoencephalitis, 1044
Paraneoplastic vasculitis, vs. immune complex
small-vessel vasculitis, 981
Parasites, histologic staining of, 6
Parasitic abscess, 413
Parasitic cyst, 483
splenic, 822-823
vs. epidermoid cyst, 822
Parasitic infestations. See also specific infection.
in immunocompromised patients, 351f,
352-353
intestinal, 336f, 378f-379f
vs. eosinophilic pulmonary disease, 235
Index 1097
Paratesticular adnexa, 576-577. See also specific
part.
adenomatoid tumor of, 577-578, 577f
fibrous pseudotumor of, 579
leiomyoma of, 579-580
leiomyosarcoma of, 579-580, 580f
lipoma of, 577
liposarcoma of, 580-581
rhabdomyosarcoma of, 581
smooth muscle hyperplasia of, 580f
Parathyroid cyst, vs. thymic cyst, 282
Parathyroid glands, 145-146
adenoma of, 126-127, 144f
cystic, vs. parathyroid cyst, 143
degenerated, vs. parathyroid cyst, 143
intrathyroidal, vs. follicular thyroid
adenoma, 132
vs. parathyroid carcinoma, 146-147
vs. parathyroid hyperplasia, 145
carcinoma of, 144f, 146-147
vs. parathyroid adenoma, 146
cysts of, 143
hyperplasia of, 143-145, 330f
vs. parathyroid adenoma, 146
vs. parathyroid carcinoma, 146
oncocytic nodules of, vs. parathyroid
adenoma, 146
tumors metastasizing to, 147, 147f
Paravalvular leak, in prosthetic heart valves,
963
Parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation
(Nora lesion), vs. osteochondroma, 849
Parosteal osteosarcoma, 844-845, 845f
vs. high-grade surface osteosarcoma, 847
vs. osteochondroma, 849
vs. osteoma, 838
vs. periosteal osteosarcoma, 846
Parotid duct cyst, vs. Warthin tumor, 155
Patch stage, of Kaposi sarcoma, 107, 108f
Pathwork Tissue of Origin Test, 36
Pauci-immune small-vessel vasculitis, 977-
980, 977f
vs. immune complex small-vessel vasculitis,
981
PDE11A mutation, in Carney complex, 464
Peliosis
vs. congestive splenomegaly, 827
vs. splenic hemangioma, 818
Peliosis hepatis, 439
Pemphigoid, bullous. See Bullous pemphigoid.
Pemphigus, 74-75, 74f
benign familial, 75
Pemphigus foliaceus, vs. subcorneal pustular
dermatosis, 74
Pemphigus vulgaris
immunofluorescence patterns in, 7t
in inflammatory esophagitis, 315
Penetrating ocular trauma, 1060
Penetration, affecting fixation, 3
Penis, 586-587
carcinoma in situ of
Bowen disease, 588f, 589
erythroplasia of Queyrat, 588-589,
588f
condyloma acuminatum of, 588, 588f
epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of, 592
fibromatosis of (Peyronie disease), 586-587,
586f
1098 Index
Penis (Continued)
fibrosarcoma of, 593
Kaposi sarcoma of, 592
leiomyosarcoma of, 593
Paget disease of, 594-595, 595f
sarcoma of, 592
epithelioid, 593-594, 593f
squamous cell carcinoma of, 590-591, 590f
verrucous carcinoma of, 591-592
Peptic ulcer disease, 334-335, 335f
Perianal skin
condyloma acuminatum of, 401f
Paget disease of, 403f
Periapical cyst, of oral cavity, 196-197, 197f
Peribiliary gland hamartoma, 432-433, 433f
vs. bile duct hamartoma, 432
Peribronchiolar metaplasia, vs. atypical
adenomatous hyperplasia, 261
Peribronchiolar smooth muscle hyperplasia, vs.
lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 272
Pericardial cysts, 970
Pericarditis
acute, 969
constrictive, 969-970
Pericardium, 969
fibrous tumors of, 970-971
malignant tumors of, 971-972
metastatic tumors of, 972
Perineuroma
central nervous system, 1018-1019
colorectal, 391f, 394
Periodic acidSchiff (PAS) stain, 4
Periosteal chondroma, 851-852, 851f
vs. periosteal osteosarcoma, 846
Periosteal chondrosarcoma, vs. periosteal
osteosarcoma, 846
Periosteal osteosarcoma, 845-846
vs. parosteal osteosarcoma, 845
vs. periosteal chondroma, 851
Peripheral nerve sheath tumor, 1017-1019,
1017f. See also specific tumor.
malignant. See Malignant peripheral nerve
sheath tumor.
Peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, 942-943
vs. CNS lymphoma, 1025
vs. lymphoblastic lymphoma, 298
vs. olfactory neuroblastoma, 188
vs. sinonasal melanoma, 190
vs. synovial sarcoma, 940
vs. undifferentiated pancreatic neoplasm,
458
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma. See T-cell
lymphoma, peripheral.
Periurethral cyst, vs. vulvar cyst, 601
Periurethral glands, adenocarcinoma of, 585-
586, 585f
Perivascular dermatitis
superficial, 41
superficial and deep, 54
eosinophils predominant in, 55
lymphocytes predominant in, 54-55
Permanganate, used in fixation, 2
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 390f, 392-393
sporadic, 394
Peyronie disease (penile fibromatosis), 586-
587, 586f
Pharyngeal pouch cyst, vs. parathyroid cyst,
143
Phenytoin adenopathy, vs. infectious
mononucleosis, 749
Pheochromocytoma
clinical features of, 473
differential diagnosis of, 475
histopathology of, 473-475, 474f
pathology of, 473, 474f
pigmented, vs. malignant melanoma, 481
vs. adrenal cortical carcinoma, 470-472
vs. adrenal medullary hyperplasia, 473
Photoallergic dermatitis, 50-51
Phyllodes tumor
of breast, 717-719, 718f
vs. fibroadenoma, 716
of prostate gland, 556, 556f
spindle cell areas in, immunohistochemistry
comparison of, 14t
Picrates, used in fixation, 2-3
Pigmented villonodular synovitis, 886-887,
886f
Pigments, histologic staining of, 6
Pill esophagitis, vs. reflux esophagitis, 317
Pilocytic astrocytoma, 992-993, 992f
vs. angiocentric glioma, 1004
vs. craniopharyngioma, 1031-1032
vs. dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor,
1007
vs. gangliocytoma/ganglioglioma, 1005
vs. hemangioblastoma, 1024
vs. medulloblastoma, 1011
vs. oligodendroglioma, 997
vs. pilomyxoid astrocytoma, 993
vs. pituicytoma, 1030
vs. pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, 994
vs. rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor,
1009
Pilomatricoma (pilomatrixoma), 89, 89f
Pilomyxoid astrocytoma, 993
vs. angiocentric glioma, 1004
Pinborg tumor (calcifying epithelial
odontogenic tumor), 201-202, 201f
Pineal cyst, vs. pineal parenchymal tumor,
1015
Pineal gland
normal, vs. pineal parenchymal tumors,
1015-1016
papillary tumor of, 1016-1017
Pineal parenchymal tumor, 1015-1016. See
also specific tumor.
of intermediate differentiation, 1015-1016
vs. pineoblastoma, 1016
Pineoblastoma, 1016
vs. pineocytoma, 1015
Pineocytoma, 1015-1016
vs. pineoblastoma, 1016
Pinguecula, 1053-1054, 1053f
vs. conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma,
1054
Pituicytoma, 1030
Pituitary adenoma, 1028-1030, 1028f
vs. olfactory neuroblastoma, 188
vs. pituicytoma, 1030
Pituitary carcinoma, 1028-1030
Pituitary hyperplasia, 1028-1030
Pityriasis lichenoides, 56f
vs. secondary syphilis, 58
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta,
55-56
Pityriasis lichenoides acuta, vs. lymphomatoid
papulosis, 57
Pityriasis lichenoides chronica, 56
Pityriasis rosea, vs. spongiotic dermatitis, 51
Pityriasis rubra pilaris, 54f
vs. psoriasis, 53
Pityriasis versicolor, vs. dermatophytosis, 42
Placenta accreta, increta, or percreta, vs.
hydatidiform mole, 697
Placental site, exaggerated, 694
Placental site nodule (plaque), 694
vs. exaggerated placental site, 694
vs. placental site trophoblastic tumor, 699
Placental site trophoblastic tumor, 699-700,
699f
vs. ectopic pregnancy, 691
vs. exaggerated placental site, 694
vs. gestational choriocarcinoma, 698
vs. placental site nodule, 694
Plaque stage, of Kaposi sarcoma, 107, 108f
Plasma cell balanitis, vs. balanitis xerotica
obliterans, 587
Plasma cell granuloma. See Inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor.
Plasma cell mastitis, 702-703, 702f
vs. granulomatous lobar mastitis, 703
vs. subareolar abscess, 702
Plasma membrane, electron microscopy of, 8
Plasmacytoid variant, of salivary
myoepithelioma, 153
Plasmacytoma
solitary, 875-877
vs. Castleman disease, 299
vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,
273
vs. medullary thyroid carcinoma, 138
vs. splenic inflammatory pseudotumor, 825
Pleomorphic sarcoma. See Malignant fibrous
histiocytoma.
Pleomorphic thyroid carcinoma. See Thyroid
gland, undifferentiated (anaplastic)
carcinoma of.
Pleuritis
chronic fibrosis, vs. mesothelioma, 280
reactive eosinophilic, vs. pulmonary
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 277
Pleuropulmonary blastoma, 274-275, 274f
vs. congenital pulmonary airway
malformation, 219
Pneumatosis intestinalis, 380-381, 381f
vs. lymphangiectasia, 380
Pneumoconioses, 238
Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia, 255-
256, 256f
vs. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
infection, 830
Pneumocyte hyperplasia, type 2, vs.
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 264
Pneumonia
cryptogenic organizing, 227-228, 228f
cytomegalovirus, 245f, 246t, 274-275
eosinophilic, 234-235, 234f. See also
Eosinophilic pneumonia.
interstitial. See also Interstitial pneumonia.
clinical, radiologic, and prognostic
features of, 227t
Legionella, 246-247
mycobacterial, atypical, 249, 249f

Pneumonia (Continued)
Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii), 255-256, 256f
vs. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
infection, 830
viral, diagnostic features of, 246t
Pneumonitis
hypersensitivity, 233-234, 233f
vs. nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, 231
vs. sarcoidosis, 236
methotrexate, 242f
radiation, 240-241, 240f
Pneumothorax, vs. congenital lobar
emphysema, 221
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 32
Polyangiitis, microscopic, 977-978
Polyarteritis nodosa, 975-976
differential diagnosis of, 976, 978-979
splenic involvement in, 827-828
vs. migratory thrombophlebitis, 73
Polyclonal antibody, definition of, 10
Polycystic kidney disease
autosomal dominant, 514-515, 514f. See
also Autosomal dominant polycystic
kidney disease.
autosomal recessive, 512, 512f. See also
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome, 649-650, 649f
Polyembryoma, ovarian, 680
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 25, 26f
basic method of, 26
contamination control in, 27
efficiency of, 26
essential ingredients in, 26
in pathology practice, 27-30, 28t-29t
method variations in, 26-27
other methods of, 27
real-time quantitative, 27
reverse transcription, 26, 27f
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)based assays,
FDA-approved, 28t-29t
Polymorphous light eruption, 54
vs. cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 48
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma
of salivary glands, 162-163, 163f
vs. adenoid cystic carcinoma, 161
vs. epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, 166
vs. pleomorphic adenoma, 152
Polyp(s)
benign fibroblastic, of colon, 391f, 394
endometrial, 630-631, 630f
fibroepithelial, vs. papillary urothelial
carcinoma, 490
fibrovascular, of esophagus, 322, 322f
gastric, non-neoplastic, 337f-338f
gastrointestinal, 382f-384f. See also
Gastrointestinal polyps.
inflammatory, vs. sinonasal (Schneiderian)
papilloma, 180
inflammatory fibroid. See Inflammatory
polyp, fibroid.
nasal, 176-177, 176f
urethral, 583-584
fibroepithelial, 583
prostatic, 584-585
uterine cervical, 616-617, 616f
vaginal, 610, 610f
vocal cord, 208-209
Polypoid adenocarcinoma, vs. endometrial
polyp, 630
Polypoid adenomyoma, atypical
endometrial, 636-637, 636f
vs. endometrial adenocarcinoma, 636
Polypoid cystitis, 491-492
vs. invasive urothelial carcinoma, 504
Polyposis syndromes, 389f, 391f. See also
specific syndrome.
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, vs.
prostatitis, 542
Porocarcinoma, vs. poroma, 93
Poroma, 92-93, 92f
eccrine, vs. clear cell acanthoma, 84
Porphyria cutanea tarda, vs. bullous
pemphigoid, 76
Postinfectious bronchial damage, vs.
bronchiectasis, 223
Postirradiation angiosarcoma, vs.
postmastectomy angiosarcoma, 741
Postmastectomy angiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves
syndrome), 740-741
Postmortem clot, vs. splenic vasculitis, 828
Post-radioactive iodine therapy, vs.
dyshormogenetic goiter, 128
Poststeroid panniculitis, vs. subcutaneous fat
necrosis, 81
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder,
vs. liver transplant rejection, 425
Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, 780-
781, 780f
vs. mantle cell lymphoma, 776
Pregnancy
ectopic, 690-691, 690f
vs. salpingitis, 688
fatty liver of. See Fatty liver disease, of
pregnancy.
molar, FISH analysis of, 17t
nonmolar
vs. gestational choriocarcinoma, 698
vs. hydatidiform mole, 696
vs. polycystic ovarian syndrome, 650
Pregnancy luteoma, 651-652, 652f
vs. thecoma, 667
Primary acquired melanosis, of conjunctiva,
1052-1053, 1053f
Primary cilia dyskinesis, vs. bronchiectasis,
224
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor
supratentorial, 1012-1013
vs. immature teratoma, 682
vs. medulloblastoma, 1011
vs. secondary CNS tumors, 1034
vs. Wilms tumor, 534
Primitive precursor cell neoplasms. See also
specific neoplasm.
cytogenetic abnormalities in, 23t-24t
Prion, 1047
PRKAR1A mutation, in Carney complex,
464
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy,
1044-1045, 1044f
vs. demyelinating diseases, 1046
Progressive transformation of germinal
centers, 752-753, 753f
vs. HIV-associated lymphadenopathy,
748
Proliferative fasciitis, 891-892, 891f
Index 1099
Prolymphocytic leukemia
splenic, 800, 800f
vs. chronic lymphocytic leukemia and
small lymphocytic lymphoma, 799
vs. hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 813-814
Prostate gland, 540-542
adenocarcinoma of
differential diagnosis of, 550-551
Gleason grading system of, 549t
immunohistochemistry in, 18f
subtypes of, 546-552, 547f-548f
TNM staging of, 551t
vs. invasive urothelial carcinoma, 504
vs. nephrogenic adenoma, 496
vs. prostatic hyperplasia, 544
vs. prostatic infarct, 543
vs. prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia,
546
vs. seminal vesicle carcinoma, 583
vs. transitional cell carcinoma, 554
vs. urothelial carcinoma,
immunohistochemistry panel
distinguishing, 18t
adenosquamous carcinoma of, 554-555
basal cell carcinoma of, 552-553
epithelial metaplasia of, 545
hyperplasia of, 543-544, 543f
infarction of, 542-543, 542f
intraepithelial neoplasia of. See Prostatic
intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).
lesions of, atypical glandular proliferative,
immunohistochemistry approach to,
18t
lymphoma of, 557-558
neuroendocrine (small cell) carcinoma of,
553-554
phyllodes tumor of, 556, 556f
rhabdomyosarcoma of, 557
squamous cell carcinoma of, 554-555, 555f
transitional cell carcinoma of, 554
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 545-
546, 546f
vs. prostatic adenocarcinoma, 551
vs. prostatic hyperplasia, 544
Prostatic urethral polyp, 584-585
Prostatitis, 540-542, 541f
chronic, vs. lymphoma, 558
Prosthetic heart valves, 963-964
commonly implanted, 963
complications of, 963
Protein analytical methods, 37
Protoplasmic astrocytoma, 990
Prussian blue stain, 6
Pseudallescheria boydii, diagnostic features of,
250t
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, of
breast, 714-715, 714f
vs. angiosarcoma, 740
vs. hemangioma, 738
Pseudocarcinomatous epidermal hyperplasia,
vs. squamous cell carcinoma, 87
Pseudocyst(s). See also Cyst(s).
adrenal, 482-483, 483f
pancreatic, 447
vs. mucinous cystic neoplasm, 450
splenic, 822
vs. epidermoid cyst, 822
vs. parasitic cyst, 823
1100 Index
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
vs. vaginal squamous cell carcinoma, 613
vs. vulvar squamous cell carcinoma,
604-605
Pseudogout, 885
vs. gout, 884
Pseudohorn cysts, 83
Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma, of
prostate gland, 550
Pseudomembranous colitis, vs. enteric
infections, 351
Pseudomyxoma peritonei, of appendix,
406-407
Pseudotumor(s). See also Tumor(s).
fibrous
calcifying, 900, 900f
of paratesticular adnexa, 579
inflammatory. See Inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor.
mycobacterial, vs. splenic inflammatory
pseudotumor, 825
orbital. See Orbital pseudotumor.
Psoriasiform dermatitis, 52-53, 58-59
Psoriasis, 53f
vs. clear cell acanthoma, 84
vs. chronic spongiotic dermatitis, 51
vs. pityriasis rubra pilaris, 54
vs. secondary syphilis, 58
vs. subcorneal pustular dermatosis, 74
PTEN-associated polyposis syndrome, 392-393
Pterygium, 1053-1054, 1053f
vs. conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma,
1054
Pulmonary. See also Lung(s).
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 261-263, 262f
immunohistochemistry panel for, 14t
subtypes of, 262
vs. carcinoid tumor, 270
vs. mesothelioma, 280
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, 239f
vs. silicosis, 239
Pulmonary amyloidosis, vs. inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor, 273
Pulmonary blastoma, vs. pleuropulmonary
blastoma, 275
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, vs.
pulmonary hypertension, 245
Pulmonary hamartoma, 270-271, 270f
Pulmonary hemosiderosis, idiopathic, 237,
237f
vs. Goodpasture syndrome, 238
Pulmonary hypertension, 242-245, 243f
grading system for, 244t
revised clinical classification of, 244t
Pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilic, 979
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 277-
278, 277f
Pulmonary sarcomas, vs. pleuropulmonary
blastoma, 275
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, vs.
pulmonary hypertension, 244
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, 32
Pustular dermatosis, subcorneal (Sneddon-
Wilkinson disease), 73-74, 73f
Pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous, 516-
517, 516f
Pyoderma gangrenosum, 41f, 59-60
vs. Sweet syndrome, 59
Pyogenic bacterial infections. See also Abscess.
of spleen, 831-832
Pyogenic granuloma, 106-107, 106f
oral cavity, 195, 195f
soft tissue, 930
vs. hemangioma, 105
vs. nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, 177
R chromophobe type, 523-524, 523f
Radial scar
of breast, 710, 710f
vs. infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 724
Radial sclerosing lesion, of breast, 710-711
Radiation changes, vs. vaginal intraepithelial
neoplasia, 612
Radiation colitis, 372-373, 373f, 375
Radiation cystitis, 492-493, 493f
Radiation dermatitis, vs. morphea and
scleroderma, 79
Radiation esophagitis, 314
Radiation pneumonitis, 240-241, 240f
Radicular cyst
of oral cavity, 196-197, 197f
vs. dentigerous cyst, 198
vs. odontogenic keratocyst, 199
Rash, heliotrope, 50
Rathke cyst, 1026, 1027f
RB gene, 1060
Reactive astrocytosis, vs. astrocytic tumors,
991
Reactive atypia, vs. cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia, 620
Reactive eosinophilic pleuritis, vs. pulmonary
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 277
Reactive gastropathy, 331f
Reactive glandular atypia, vs. cervical
adenocarcinoma in situ, 623
Reactive inflammatory atypia
vs. urothelial carcinoma in situ, 498
vs. urothelial dysplasia, 497
Reactive lymphocytosis, vs. CNS lymphoma,
1025
Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia
vs. Castleman disease, 794
without germinal center formation,
793-794
Reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, vs.
mesothelioma, 280
Reactive splenic follicular hyperplasia, 792-
793, 792f-793f
vs. follicular lymphoma, 802
Reactive splenic red pulp hyperplasia, vs.
chronic myelogenous leukemia, 816
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain
reaction (qPCR), 27
Rectal lymphoid hyperplasia, 401f
Rectal tonsil, 401f
Rectal ulcer syndrome, solitary, 372f, 374f
Red pulp, splenic
neoplastic diseases of, 812-813
non-neoplastic diseases of, 804-806
Reflux esophagitis, 309, 317-318
vs. eosinophilic esophagitis, 316
vs. infectious esophagitis, 313
vs. inflammatory esophagitis, 315
vs. injurious esophagitis, 314
Refractory (unclassified) sprue, vs. celiac sprue,
357
Regenerative atypia, vs. Barrett esophagus, 320
Renal. See also Kidney(s).
Renal cell carcinoma
associated with neuroblastoma, 529
associated with Xp11.2/TFE3 translocation,
528, 528f
vs. renal cell carcinoma, papillary type,
523
vs. oncocytoma, 521
vs. renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type,
522
clear cell type, 521-522, 521f
vs. juxtaglomerular cell and renin-
secreting tumors, 533
vs. oncocytoma, 521
vs. renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe
type, 524
vs. renal cell carcinoma associated with
Xp11.2/TFE3 translocation, 528
vs. xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis,
517
cystic
vs. cystic nephroma, 531
vs. mixed epithelial and stromal tumor,
532
metastatic
vs. acinic cell carcinoma, 162
vs. alveolar soft part sarcoma, 945
vs. clear cell adenocarcinoma, 614
vs. clear cell chondrosarcoma, 859
vs. hemangioblastoma, 1024
vs. metastatic adrenal tumors, 485
vs. oncocytoma, 156
vs. salivary myoepithelioma, 154
vs. serous cystic neoplasm, 449
multilocular cystic, 524-525, 524f
papillary type, 522-523, 522f
vs. collecting duct carcinoma, 525
vs. metanephric adenoma, 519
vs. mucinous tubular and spindle cell
carcinoma, 527
vs. papillary adenoma, 518
vs. renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type,
519
vs. renal cell carcinoma associated with
Xp11.2/TFE3 translocation, 528
sarcomatoid type, 529-530
vs. mucinous tubular and spindle cell
carcinoma, 527
unclassified type, 530
vs. metastatic thyroid tumors, 142
with cystic change, vs. multilocular cystic
renal cell carcinoma, 525
Renal cell neoplasms. See also specific neoplasm.
immunohistochemistry panel distinguishing,
18t
Renal cysts, vs. cystic nephroma, 531
Renal dysplasia, 511-512, 511f
cystic, vs. cystic nephroma, 531
vs. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease, 512
vs. medullary cystic kidney disease, 514
vs. medullary sponge kidney, 513
Renal medullary carcinoma, 526-527, 526f
vs. collecting duct carcinoma, 525
Renal medullary fibroma, 532, 532f
Renal oncocytoma, 520-521, 520f
 Index 1101

Renal sarcoma, vs. renal cell carcinoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, sinonasal, embryonal Salivary glands (Continued)
sarcomatoid type, 529 (Continued) inflammation of, 147-148, 148f
Renin-secreting tumor, 533 vs. lymphoblastic lymphoma, 298 lymphoepithelial carcinoma of, 170-171,
Renomedullary interstitial cell tumor, 532, vs. neuroblastoma, 306 171f
532f soft tissue, 919-921, 920f lymphoepithelial cyst of, 149-150, 149f
Respiratory bronchiolitis, 225t spindle cell lymphoma of, 171-172, 172f
vs. pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, vs. infantile fibrosarcoma, 905 Mikulicz disease of, 148-149, 148f
277 vs. soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923 mucocele of, 151, 151f
Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma urinary bladder, 509 mucoepidermoid carcinoma of, 164-165,
vs. nasal polyp, 176 vaginal, 614-615 164f
vs. sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma, 180 vs. adrenal neuroblastoma, 479 myoepithelioma of, 153-154, 153f
Restrictive and interstitial lung diseases, 226 vs. dermoid/epidermoid cyst, 1066 oncocytoma of, 155-156, 155f
Restrictive cardiomyopathy, 950-952 vs. nasal polyp, 177 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma
differential diagnosis of, 953 vs. olfactory neuroblastoma, 187 of, 162-163, 163f
Rete cystadenoma, vs. serous cystadenoma, vs. proliferative fasciitis, 891 salivary duct carcinoma of, 167, 167f
655 vs. sarcoma botryoides, 616 salivary duct cyst of, 150, 150f
Rete testis adenocarcinoma, vs. paratesticular vs. sinonasal melanoma, 190 sebaceous lymphadenoma of, 159, 159f
adenomatoid tumor, 578 vs. thyroid teratoma, 130 tumors metastasizing to, 173, 173f
Retention mucocele, of appendix, 406 Rheumatic heart disease undifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma
Reticulin stain, 4 clinical features of, 960 of, 169-170, 170f
Reticulocytic granuloma, 62-63, 62f gross pathology of, 960-961 Warthin tumor of, 154-155, 154f
Reticulohistiocytoma histopathology of, 961 Salmonellosis, in immunocompetent hosts,
cutaneous, 62 Rheumatic nodule, vs. granuloma annulare, 64 349-350
multicentric, 62-63 Rheumatoid arthritis, 883-884, 883f Salpingitis, acute and chronic, 688, 688f
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 118 splenic involvement in, 827-828 Salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 689-690
Retiform hemangioendothelioma, 933-934 vs. Castleman disease, 794 vs. endometriosis, 689
Retinoblastoma, 1060-1062, 1061f vs. osteoarthritis, 883 Sarcoid, vs. secondary syphilis, 59
trilateral, 1060 vs. syphilis, 750 Sarcoidal granuloma, 66-67
Retinocytoma, 1060 Rheumatoid nodule, 65f Sarcoidosis
Retinoma, 1060 vs. necrobiosis lipoidica, 64 cardiac, 958, 958f
Reverse transcription polymerase chain Rheumatoid synovitis, vs. pigmented cutaneous, 66f
reaction (RT-PCR), 26, 27f villonodular synovitis, 887 differential diagnosis of, 958
Reye syndrome, vs. fatty liver of pregnancy, Rhinoscleroma, 175, 175f lymph node, 767-768, 767f
418 vs. leishmaniasis, 71 necrotizing, vs. tuberculous lymphadenitis,
Rhabdoid tumor, 537-538 Rhinosporidiosis 766
vs. clear cell sarcoma, 537 vs. nasal polyp, 176 pulmonary, 235-236, 236f
vs. medulloblastoma, 1011 vs. sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma, 180 splenic, 832-833
vs. mesoblastic nephroma, 536 Ribosomes, electron microscopy of, 9 subcutaneous, vs. erythema nodosum, 80
vs. Wilms tumor, 534 Riedel thyroiditis, 124-125, 124f vs. encephalitis/meningoencephalitis, 1044
Rhabdomyoma vs. granulomatous thyroiditis, 123 vs. granulomatous lobar mastitis, 703
adult, 918-919 Rings, esophageal, 311-312 vs. hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 234
differential diagnosis of, 919 RNA vs. prostatitis, 542
vs. granular cell tumor, 924 extraction of, 24 vs. Toxoplasma lymphadenitis, 751
cardiac, 965-966 quantification, purity, and integrity of, 24-25 vs. vasculitis, 1039
fetal, 918-919 storage of, 25 Sarcoma(s). See also specific type.
differential diagnosis of, 919 Rosai-Dorfman disease, 763-765, 763f cardiac, 968-969
genital, 918-919 vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 766 gastric, vs. inflammatory fibroid polyp, 339
differential diagnosis of, 919 Round cell myxoid liposarcoma, 916, 916f metastatic, vs. dedifferentiated
soft tissue, 918-919 Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith syndrome, 392-393 chondrosarcoma, 856
Rhabdomyosarcoma penile, 592
alveolar. See Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. S epithelioid, 593-594, 593f
botryoid, vs. fetal/genital rhabdomyoma, Salivary adenoma, pleomorphic, vs. primary, vs. metastatic bone tumors, 882
919 oncocytoma, 156 salivary, vs. carcinosarcoma, 169
cardiac, 968 Salivary duct carcinoma, 167, 167f thyroid, vs. undifferentiated thyroid
embryonal. See Embryonal vs. carcinoma ex mixed tumor, 168 carcinoma, 140
rhabdomyosarcoma. Salivary duct cyst, 150, 150f vs. benign esophageal lesions, 323
orbital, 1069-1070, 1069f vs. mucocele, 151 vs. lymphoma, 875
paratesticular, 581 Salivary glands, 147-148 vs. noninfectious cystitis, 492
pleomorphic, 188, 920 acinic cell carcinoma of, 161-162, 162f vs. paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor, 579
vs. malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 911 adenoid cystic carcinoma of, 160-161, 160f vs. penile squamous cell carcinoma, 591
vs. pleomorphic liposarcoma, 917 basal cell adenoma of, 158-159, 158f vulvar, 610
prostatic, 557 carcinoma ex mixed tumor of, 151-152, Sarcoma botryoides, 615-616, 615f
vs. lymphoma, 558 152f, 168, 168f vs. vaginal polyps, 610
sclerosing, vs. sclerosing epithelioid sarcoma, carcinosarcoma of, 168-169, 169f vs. vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma, 615
907 cystadenoma of, 156-157, 156f Sarcomatoid carcinoma. See also
sinonasal, 188-189, 189f epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of, 165- Carcinosarcoma.
alveolar, 188 166, 166f metastatic, vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic
embryonal, 188 hemangioma of, 157-158, 157f tumor, 901
1102 Index
Sarcomatoid carcinoma (Continued)
of esophagus, 326-327
differential diagnosis of, 327
of larynx, 212, 212f
vs. benign esophageal lesions, 323
vs. carcinosarcoma, 169
vs. phyllodes tumor, 556
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 509
vs. xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis,
517
Sarcomatoid mesothelioma, vs. pericardial
fibrous tumor, 971
Scabies, 61, 61f
Scanning electron microscope, 8
Schneiderian papilloma (sinonasal papilloma),
179-180, 179f
vs. sinonasal adenocarcinoma, 186
vs. squamous cell carcinoma of sinonasal
region, 181
Schwannoma
of central nervous system, 1017-1019,
1017f
of mediastinum, 307-308
of soft tissue, 925-926, 925f
of stomach, 396f
vs. ganglioneuroblastoma/ganglioneuroma,
306
vs. gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 399
vs. intraocular malignant melanoma,
1058
vs. malignant peripheral nerve sheath
tumor, 929
vs. meningioma, 1021
vs. myxopapillary ependymoma, 1001
vs. neurofibroma, 115, 926-927
vs. soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923
Scleredema, vs. morphea and scleroderma, 79
Sclerema neonatorum, vs. subcutaneous fat
necrosis, 81
Scleritis, vs. orbital pseudotumor, 1064
Scleroderma, 78-79
vs. graft-versus-host disease, 47
Sclerosing adenosis
of breast, 709-710, 709f
vs. apocrine carcinoma, 734
vs. infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 724
vs. infiltrating lobular carcinoma, 726
vs. tubular carcinoma, 730
of prostate gland, 544
vs. adenocarcinoma, 550
vs. basal cell carcinoma, 552-553
Scrotum, 594
idiopathic calcinosis of, 594, 594f
Paget disease of, 594-595
squamous cell carcinoma of, 595
Sebaceoma, 99, 99f
vs. sebaceous carcinoma, 100
Sebaceous carcinoma. See Sebaceous gland
carcinoma.
Sebaceous gland adenoma
vs. sebaceous epithelioma, 99
vs. sebaceous gland carcinoma, 1055
Sebaceous gland carcinoma, 99-100, 100f,
1055-1056, 1055f
vs. conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma,
1054
vs. sebaceous lymphadenoma, 159
Sebaceous gland epithelioma. See Sebaceoma.
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia
vs. nevus sebaceus, 98
vs. sebaceous epithelioma, 99
Sebaceous gland lymphadenoma, of salivary
glands, 159, 159f
Seborrheic dermatitis, vs. spongiotic dermatitis,
51
Seborrheic keratosis, 45-46, 83f
vs. poroma, 93
Secretory carcinoma, of breast, 733, 733f
Sectioning, in tissue processing, 2
Segmental mediolytic arteriopathy, vs.
medium-vessel vasculitis, 976
Seminal vesicles, carcinoma of, 583
Seminoma (germinoma)
classic, 563-565, 564f
vs. spermatocytic seminoma, 565-566
mediastinal, 301-302, 302f
spermatocytic, 565-566, 565f
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. diffuse large cell lymphoma, 296
vs. embryonal carcinoma, 566
vs. Leydig cell tumor, 572
vs. lymphoma, 576
vs. orchitis, 560
vs. Sertoli cell tumor, 573
vs. testicular choriocarcinoma, 570
vs. testicular malakoplakia, 561
vs. yolk sac tumor, 568
Septic vasculitis, vs. leukocytoclastic vasculitis,
72
Serous carcinoma
of fallopian tube, 692-693, 693f
of ovary, 654f-655f
immunohistochemistry of, 16t
Serous cystadenoma
vs. ovarian benign mucinous tumor, 657
vs. ovarian follicular cyst, 648
vs. struma ovarii, 683
Serous cystic neoplasms
of exocrine pancreas, 448-449, 448f
vs. mucinous cystic neoplasms, 450
Serous tumor. See also specific tumor.
ovarian
benign, 653-655, 654f-655f
borderline, 654f-655f, 655-656
malignant, 654f-655f, 656-657
Sertoli cell nodule, vs. gonadoblastoma, 575
Sertoli cell tumor
ovarian, 670-671, 670f
vs. gynandroblastoma, 673
testicular, 572-573, 572f
vs. Leydig cell tumor, 571
vs. seminoma, 564
vs. struma ovarii, 683
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, ovarian, 671-672,
671f
vs. benign mucinous tumor, 657-658
vs. borderline mucinous tumor, 660
vs. borderline serous tumor, 656
vs. endometrioid carcinoma, 661
vs. gynandroblastoma, 673
vs. Leydig cell tumor, 674
vs. malignant mixed Mllerian tumor,
662
vs. malignant mucinous tumor, 660
vs. malignant serous tumor, 657
vs. polyembryoma, 680
Sessile serrated polyp, vs. gastrointestinal polyp,
385-386
Sex cord tumor with annular tubules
ovarian, 672
vs. gonadoblastoma, 685
vs. gynandroblastoma, 673
Sex cordstromal tumor, ovarian, 665. See also
specific tumor.
immunohistochemistry approach to, 16t
Shigellosis, in immunocompetent hosts,
349-350
Sialadenitis, 147-148, 148f
vs. lymphoma, 172
Sialometaplasia
necrotizing, vs. sialadenitis, 148
vs. mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 165
Sickle cell disease, 808-810, 809f
vs. hereditary spherocytosis, 808
Signal amplification techniques, 30-31
Signet ring cell carcinoma
pancreatic, 454
prostatic, 549
vs. appendiceal carcinoid tumor, 408
vs. gastric xanthelasma, 330
Single membranebound structures, electron
microscopy of, 9
Silicosis, 238-239
acute, 238
classic, 238
Silicotuberculosis, 238
Singers nodule, 208-209, 209f
Sinonasal adenocarcinoma, 185-187, 186f
vs. sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma,
180
Sinonasal lesions, clinicopathologic
comparisons of, 174t
Sinonasal melanoma, 189-190, 190f
vs. olfactory neuroblastoma, 188
Sinonasal neoplasms, differential diagnosis of,
immunohistochemical markers in, 174t
Sinonasal papilloma (Schneiderian papilloma),
179-180, 179f
vs. sinonasal adenocarcinoma, 186
vs. squamous cell carcinoma of sinonasal
region, 181
Sinonasal region, squamous cell carcinoma of,
180-181, 181f
Sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma, 188-189, 189f
alveolar, 188
embryonal, 188
vs. lymphoblastic lymphoma, 298
vs. neuroblastoma, 306
Sinonasal teratocarcinoma, 182f
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, 181-
182, 182f
vs. nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 184
vs. olfactory neuroblastoma, 187-188
vs. sinonasal adenocarcinoma, 186
vs. sinonasal melanoma, 190
vs. sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma,
181
Sinus histiocytosis, 763-765
nonspecific
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 765
vs. Rosai-Dorfman disease, 764
vs. nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 183-184
with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-
Dorfman disease), 763-765, 763f
 Index 1103

Sinusitis Small intestine, 345-347. See also specific part. Spindle cell hemangioma, 930
acute and chronic, 173-176, 175f adenocarcinoma of, 359-360 Spindle cell lipoma, 913-914
fungal adenoma of, 358-359, 359f vs. liposarcoma/lipomatous tumor, 915
allergic, 175, 175f carcinoid tumors of, 360-362, 360f-361f vs. myxoid and round cell liposarcoma, 916
invasive, 175, 175f clear cell sarcoma of, 396f Spindle cell liposarcoma, vs. fibrosarcoma, 906
Sinusoidal dilation, vs. peliosis hepatis, 439 desmoid tumor of, 395f Spindle cell melanoma
Sipple syndrome. See Multiple endocrine lymphoma of, 399f-400f vs. clear cell sarcoma, 946
neoplasia IIA (MEN IIA). metastatic disease to, 409-410, 409f vs. inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, 901
Skin. See also Cutaneous entries. Small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic Spindle cell mesothelioma, vs. paratesticular
cystic conditions of, 81. See also specific cyst. lymphocystic disease fibrous pseudotumor, 579
inflammatory conditions of, 41-42. See also nodal, 774-775, 774f Spindle cell oncocytoma, adenohypophyseal
specific condition. vs. follicular lymphoma, 769 vs. pituicytoma, 1030
neoplasms of. See also specific neoplasm. vs. mantle cell lymphoma, 776 vs. pituitary adenoma, 1030
eccrine and apocrine, 91 vs. nodal marginal zone lymphoma, 777 Spindle cell proliferation, postoperative, vs.
fibroblastic, 111 vs. nodular lymphocyte predominant prostatic phyllodes tumor, 556
follicular, 88 Hodgkin lymphoma, 773 Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma
hematopoietic, 116 vs. paracortical hyperplasia, 759 vs. infantile fibrosarcoma, 905
melanocytic, 100 splenic, 798-799 vs. soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923
neural, 114 morphologic and immunophenotypic Spindle cell sarcoma, vs. thymoma, 289
sebaceous, 98-99 features of, 797t Spindle cell tumor
smooth muscle, 109 vs. mantle cell lymphoma, 801 immunohistochemistry panel interpretation
vascular, 105 vs. prolymphocytic leukemia, 800 for, 15t
proliferations of. See also specific condition. vs. hairy cell leukemia, 812 malignant
epidermal, 83 vs. hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 813 vs. carcinosarcoma, 510
fibroblastic, 111 Small-vessel vasculitis vs. renal angiomyolipoma, 518
hematopoietic, 116 immune complex, 980-981 pleomorphic cutaneous, antibody panel for,
melanocytic, 100 pauci-immune, 977-980, 977f 19t
neural, 114 vs. medium-vessel vasculitis, 976 vs. medullary thyroid carcinoma, 138
smooth muscle, 109 Smooth muscle neoplasms, 109 vs. salivary myoepithelioma, 154
vascular, 105 Smooth muscle tumor, true, vs. gastrointestinal Spindle cell variant, of salivary myoepithelioma,
Skin adnexal carcinoma, vs. Bartholin gland stromal tumor, 398-399 153
carcinoma, 606 Sneddon-Wilkinson disease, 73-74, 73f Spiradenoma, 93-94, 93f
Skull-based neoplasms, differential diagnosis of Soft tissue neoplasms. See also specific neoplasm. Spirochetosis, in immunocompromised patients,
immunohistochemical evaluation of, cytogenetic abnormalities in, 23t-24t 351f, 352-353
diagnostic algorithm for, 174f Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, 458-459, 458f Spitz nevus, 101, 102f
immunohistochemical markers in, 174t vs. invasive ductal adenocarcinoma, 454 vs. spitzoid melanoma, 105
Small airway diseases, 225t vs. pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, 455 Spleen
obstructive, 224 vs. well-differentiated pancreatic neoplasm, circulatory abnormalities of, 826-827. See
Small B-cell lymphoma, immunohistochemistry 457 also Splenomegaly, congestive.
panel for, 19t Solitary fibrous tumor, 902-903, 902f cysts and pseudotumoral lesions of, 821-823
Small cell astrocytoma, 990 vs. deep benign fibrous histiocytoma, 910 granulomatous diseases of, 832-833
vs. oligodendroglioma, 997 vs. gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 399 hematologic diseases of, 804-806
Small cell carcinoma vs. hemangiopericytoma, 1023 other conditions involving, 834
metastatic. See Metastatic small cell vs. hemangiopericytoma/myopericytoma, 932 red pulp of
carcinoma. vs. mediastinitis, 294 neoplastic diseases of, 812-813
of endocrine pancreas, 457-458 vs. meningioma, 1021 non-neoplastic diseases of, 804-806
of esophagus, 327-328 vs. mesothelioma, 280 traumatic rupture of, 835
differential diagnosis of, 328 vs. nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, 178 vascular tumors of, 817-818. See also specific
of lung, 266-268, 267f vs. phyllodes tumor, 556 tumor.
neuroendocrine granules in, 9f vs. synovial sarcoma, 940 vasculitides involving, 827-828. See also
vs. carcinoid tumor, 270 Solitary plasmacytoma, 875-877 specific arthritic disease.
of ovary, 686, 686f Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, 372f, 374f viral and nongranulomatous infections of,
vs. adult granulosa cell tumor, 668 Somatic-type malignancy, vs. testicular 828-829
vs. juvenile granulosa cell tumor, 669 teratoma, 569 white pulp of
of prostate gland, 553-554 Southern blot assay, 32, 33f neoplastic diseases of, 796-798
of urinary bladder, 507-508 Spermatocele, vs. testicular hydrocele, 559 non-neoplastic diseases of, 792-793
of uterine cervix, 627-628, 627f Spherocytosis, hereditary, 808, 808f Splenic infarcts, vs. sickle cell disease, 809
undifferentiated, cutaneous, 115-116, vs. autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 811 Splenic red pulp hyperplasia, vs. chronic
115f vs. sickle cell disease, 809-810 myelogenous leukemia, 816
vs. Burkitt lymphoma, 784 Spider cells, 965 Splenoma. See Hamartoma, splenic.
vs. cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 622 Spinal cord, paraganglioma of, 1009-1010 Splenomegaly, congestive, 826-827, 826f
vs. desmoplastic small round cell tumor, Spindle cell carcinoma vs. autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 811
944 of kidney, 527, 527f vs. hereditary spherocytosis, 808
vs. lymphoblastic lymphoma, 298 vs. renal cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid Spongiosis, epidermal, 50-52
vs. neuroblastoma, 306 type, 529 Spongiotic dermatitis, 51f
Small cell tumors. See also specific tumor. of larynx, 212, 212f vs. mycosis fungoides, 119
round, immunoprofile of, 19t of thymus, 291 vs. psoriasis, 51
vs. osteosarcoma, 843 vs. gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 398 vs. secondary syphilis, 58
1104 Index
Sporotrichosis, 70
Sprue, celiac, 356f-357f
Squamous cell carcinoma, 86-87, 87f
basaloid
of larynx, 212, 212f
of thymus, 291, 291f
vs. adenoid cystic carcinoma, 161
in situ, vs. actinic keratosis, 86
metastatic. See Metastatic squamous cell
carcinoma.
nonkeratizing
vs. cervical glassy cell carcinoma, 627
vs. cervical small cell carcinoma, 628
of conjunctiva, 1054, 1054f
of cornea, 1054
of esophagus, 324-325, 324f
variants of, 326-327
vs. granular cell tumor, 324
vs. reflux esophagitis, 318
of larynx, 211-213, 211f
subtypes of, 211-212, 212f
of lungs, 265-266, 265f
of oral cavity, 207-208, 207f
of penis, 590-591, 590f
of prostate gland, 554-555, 555f
of scrotum, 595
of sinonasal region, 181f
of thymus
keratizing type, 291
poorly differentiated, nonkeratizing type,
290f, 291
of tonsils or oropharynx, 184-185, 184f
of trachea, 214, 214f
of urinary bladder, 506-507
of uterine cervix, 620-623, 621f-622f
of vagina, 612-613, 612f
of vulva, 603-605, 604f
vs. ameloblastoma, 201
vs. branchial cleft cyst, 129
vs. invasive urothelial carcinoma, 504
vs. laryngeal papilloma, 210
vs. metaplastic carcinoma, 732
vs. oral squamous papilloma, 194
vs. penile verrucous carcinoma, 592
vs. Pindborg tumor, 202
vs. prostatic epithelial metaplasia, 545
vs. prostatic infarct, 543
vs. salivary duct carcinoma, 167
vs. scrotal Paget disease, 595
vs. sebaceous gland carcinoma, 1055
vs. seborrheic keratosis, 83
vs. sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma,
180
vs. sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma,
182
Squamous cell hyperplasia
vs. condyloma acuminatum, 602
vulvar, 600, 600f
Squamous dysplasia
pulmonary, 258-260
vs. leukoplakia, 193
Squamous intraepithelial lesion
of uterine cervix, 618-620, 619f
vs. cervical condyloma acuminatum, 618
Squamous metaplasia
vs. cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 622
vs. prostatic squamous cell carcinoma,
555
Squamous papilloma
diagnostic features of, 259t
of esophagus, 324-325
of lungs, 258-260, 259f
of oral cavity, 194, 194f
of vagina, 610-611, 611f
vs. benign esophageal lesions, 323
vs. cervical condyloma acuminatum, 618
vs. conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma,
1054
vs. sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma, 180
vs. squamous cell carcinoma, 213, 507
Staining, in tissue processing, 2
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
vs. erythema multiforme, 46
vs. pemphigus, 75
Status asthmaticus, 223
Status spongiosus, vs. dementia, 1049
Steatocystoma, 82, 82f
Steatohepatitis
alcoholic, 415-416, 416f. See also Alcoholic
steatohepatitis.
nonalcoholic, 416-417. See also
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Stenosis
intestinal, 346-347
pyloric, 328-329
Steroid cell tumor
lipid-poor, vs. pregnancy luteoma, 652
ovarian, vs. thecoma, 667
vs. struma ovarii, 683
Stewart-Treves syndrome (postmastectomy
angiosarcoma), 740-741
Stomach, 328-329. See also Gastric; Gastritis;
Gastro- entries.
congenital and acquired abnormalities of,
328-329
fundic gland polyp of, 337f-338f, 338
hyperplastic polyp of, 337-338, 337f
inflammatory fibroid polyp of, 338
metastatic disease to, 409-410
Storage diseases, differential diagnosis of, 805t
Strand displacement amplification (SDA), 30
Strawberry nevus, 1066
Stress fracture, vs. osteoid osteoma, 839
Stromal hyperplasia
ovarian, 650-651
pseudoangiomatous, of breast, 714-715,
714f
vs. prostatic phyllodes tumor, 556
Stromal hyperthecosis
ovarian, 650-651, 650f
vs. stromal luteoma, 673
vs. thecoma, 667
Stromal luteoma, ovarian, 673
Stromal nodule
endometrial, 640-641, 640f
vs. endometrial stromal sarcoma, 641
vs. myometrial leiomyoma, 645
Stromal sarcoma
endometrial
high-grade, 642
low-grade, 641
vs. adult granulosa cell tumor, 668
vs. stromal nodule, 640
vs. myometrial leiomyoma, 645
vs. myometrial leiomyosarcoma, 646
vs. ovarian stromal hyperplasia, 651
Stromal tumor
extragastrointestinal, vs. soft tissue
leiomyosarcoma, 923
gastrointestinal. See Gastrointestinal stromal
tumor.
sclerosing, 669-670, 670f
ovarian, 669-670, 670f
vs. myometrial adenomyosis, 643
Strongyloides stercoralis infestation, 378-379
Structural deterioration, of prosthetic heart
valves, 963
Struma ovarii, 682-683, 683f
vs. serous cystadenoma, 655
Stye (chalazion), vs. sebaceous gland
carcinoma, 1055
Subareolar abscess, 701-702, 702f
Subcapsular fibrosis, vs. cirrhosis, 426
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-
Wilkinson disease), 73-74, 73f
Subcutaneous fat necrosis, of newborn, 80-81,
81f
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, 995-
996, 995f
Subependymal glial nodule, vs. subependymal
giant cell astrocytoma, 996
Subependymoma, 1001-1002
Subretinal hemorrhage, vs. intraocular
malignant melanoma, 1058
Sudan black stain, 4
Superficial spreading melanoma, 103
Suppurative lymphadenitis, vs. cat-scratch
disease, 756
Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal
tumor, vs. desmoplastic infantile
ganglioglioma, 1012-1013
Sweat duct carcinoma, sclerosing, 97-98, 97f
vs. syringoma, 92
vs. trichoepithelioma, 88
Sweet syndrome, 59, 59f
vs. pyoderma gangrenosum, 60
Synovial chondromatosis, 885-886, 885f
Synovial chondrometaplasia, vs. synovial
chondromatosis, 886
Synovial chondrosarcoma, vs. synovial
chondromatosis, 886
Synovial disease, 882-883. See also specific
disease.
Synovial sarcoma, 938-940, 939f
vs. carcinosarcoma, 169
vs. epithelioid sarcoma, 941
vs. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral
neuroectodermal tumor, 943
vs. fibrosarcoma, 906
vs. hemangiopericytoma/myopericytoma,
933
vs. infantile fibrosarcoma, 905
vs. low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, 903
vs. malignant peripheral nerve sheath
tumor, 929
vs. rhabdomyosarcoma, 921
vs. soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, 923
vs. solitary fibrous tumor, 902
vs. Wilms tumor, 534
Synovitis
detritic, vs. pigmented villonodular synovitis,
887
hemosiderotic, vs. pigmented villonodular
synovitis, 887

Synovitis (Continued)
infectious granulomatous, vs. gout, 884
pigmented villonodular, 886-887, 886f
rheumatoid, vs. pigmented villonodular
synovitis, 887
traumatic, vs. pigmented villonodular
synovitis, 887
Syphilis, 413-414, 750, 750f
secondary, 58, 58f
vs. autoimmune lymphoproliferative
syndrome, 754
vs. follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, 747
vs. HIV-associated lymphadenopathy, 748
Syphilitic orchitis, 560
Syringocystadenoma papilliferum, 96-97, 96f
Syringoma, 91-92, 92f
chondroid, 92
clear cell, 92
vs. microcystic adnexal carcinoma, 98
vs. trichoepithelioma, 88
Systemic lupus erythematosus
bullous, vs. dermatitis herpetiformis, 77
splenic involvement in, 827-828, 827f
vs. autoimmune lymphoproliferative
syndrome, 754
vs. Goodpasture syndrome, 238
T carcinoid tumor, 683-684
Takayasu arteritis, 973-975
Tanycytic ependymoma, 999
Tattoo ink, vs. dermatopathic
lymphadenopathy, 752
T-cell(s), 11
T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia, vs.
splenic marginal zone lymphoma, 798
T-cell lymphoma
angioimmunoblastic, 786-787, 786f
vs. mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma,
788
vs. peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 785
cutaneous, 118-119, 119f
CD30-positive, 119-120, 120f
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 118
enteropathy-associated, 400, 400f
hepatosplenic, 813-814, 813f
morphologic and immunophenotypic
features of, 797t
vs. marginal zone lymphoma, 798
of thyroid gland, 141
peripheral, 784-785, 784f
vs. anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 782
vs. autoimmune lymphoproliferative
syndrome, 755
vs. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 779
vs. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,
758
vs. mast cell disease, 761-762
vs. nodular sclerosing Hodgkin
lymphoma, 772
T-cellrich large B-cell lymphoma, vs. nodular
lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin
lymphoma, 773
Telangiectasia, capillary, 1035-1036
Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans, 43f,
44
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma, 843-844, 844f
vs. aneurysmal bone cyst, 879
Temperature, affecting fixation, 3
Tendon sheath fibroma, vs. superficial
fibromatosis, 894
Tendon sheath giant cell tumor, 908-909, 909f
vs. calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, 897
Teratocarcinoma, sinonasal, 182f
Teratocarcinosarcoma, vs. sinonasal
adenocarcinoma, 187
Teratoid tumor/rhabdoid tumor
atypical, 1013
vs. choroid plexus carcinoma/papilloma,
1014
vs. medulloblastoma, 1011
Teratoma
cystic
vs. foregut cyst, 284
vs. pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst, 448
vs. thymic cyst, 282
mediastinal, 300-301, 300f-301f
with additional malignant components,
301
ovarian
immature, 681-682, 681f
vs. malignant mixed mllerian tumor,
662
mature cystic, 674-675, 675f
mature solid, 675-676, 676f
monodermal
struma ovarii, 682-683, 683f
testicular, 569, 569f
thyroid, 130, 130f
Terminal duct carcinoma, of salivary glands,
162-163, 163f
Testis, 558-559
choriocarcinoma of, 570-571, 570f
embryonal carcinoma of, 566-567, 566f
gonadoblastoma of, 574-575, 574f
granulosa cell tumor of, 573-574, 573f
hydrocele of, 559
intratubular germ cell tumor of, 563, 563f
Leydig cell tumor of, 571-572, 571f
lymphoma of, 575-576, 575f
malakoplakia of, 560-561, 561f
seminoma of, 563-565, 564f
spermatocytic, 565-566, 565f
Sertoli cell tumor of, 572-573, 572f
teratoma of, 569, 569f
torsion of, 561-562, 561f
undescended, 558-559, 558f
yolk sac tumor of, 567-568, 567f
Thecoma
luteinized
vs. pregnancy luteoma, 652
vs. stromal hyperthecosis, 650
ovarian, 666-667, 666f
vs. adult granulosa cell tumor, 668
vs. fibroma, 666
vs. juvenile granulosa cell tumor, 669
vs. sclerosing stromal tumor, 670
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease),
982
Thromboembolus
organizing, vs. thromboangiitis obliterans,
982
vs. splenic vasculitis, 828
Thrombophlebitis, migratory, 72-73, 72f
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, splenic
involvement in, 827-828
Index 1105
Thrombus
formation of, in prosthetic heart valves, 954,
963
vs. cardiac myxoma, 965
Thymic carcinoma, 290-292
basaloid type, 291, 291f
clear cell type, 291
keratinizing squamous cell type, 291
low-grade vs. high-grade, 291t
mucoepidermoid type, 290f, 291
poorly differentiated, nonkeratizing
squamous cell type, 290f, 291
spindle cell type, 291
vs. nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, 304
Thymic cyst, 281-282, 282f
vs. foregut cyst, 283
vs. Hodgkin lymphoma, 295
Thymic follicular hyperplasia, 285
vs. true thymic hyperplasia, 285
Thymic hyperplasia, 294
vs. thymoma, 289
Thymolipoma, 286
Thymoma, 286-289, 286f-287f
classification of, 288, 289t
cystic, vs. thymic cyst, 282
vs. Hodgkin lymphoma, 295
vs. lymphoblastic lymphoma, 297-298
vs. thymic hyperplasia, 285
vs. thymolipoma, 286
Thymus
histology of, in immune deficiency, 299-300
involution of, vs. thymolipoma, 286
neuroendocrine neoplasms of, 292-293, 292f
Thyroglossal duct cyst, 128-129, 128f
vs. thyroid teratoma, 130
Thyroid gland, 122-123
adenoma of, vs. thyroid carcinoma,
immunohistochemistry panel
distinguishing, 19t
carcinoma of, vs. parathyroid carcinoma, 147
cysts of
branchial cleft, 129-130, 129f
thyroglossal duct, 128-129, 128f
vs. parathyroid cyst, 143
follicular adenoma of, 131-132, 132f. See
also Follicular thyroid adenoma.
follicular carcinoma of, 133-134, 133f. See
also Follicular thyroid carcinoma.
goiter of. See Goiter.
Graves disease of. See Graves disease.
hyalinizing trabecular tumor of, 130-131,
131f
inflammation of. See Thyroiditis.
lymphoma of, 141-142, 141f
vs. thyroid teratoma, 130
vs. undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, 141
medullary carcinoma of, 136-138, 137f. See
also Medullary thyroid carcinoma.
nodules of, vs. parathyroid adenoma, 146
papillary carcinoma of, 134-136, 135f. See
also Papillary thyroid cancer.
poorly differentiated carcinoma of, 138-139,
138f
vs. medullary thyroid carcinoma, 138
vs. undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma,
140
sarcoma of, vs. undifferentiated thyroid
carcinoma, 140
1106 Index
Thyroid gland (Continued)
teratoma of, 130, 130f
tumors metastasizing to, 142, 142f
undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma of,
139-141, 140f
vs. Riedel thyroiditis, 125
Thyroid orbitopathy, 1064-1065, 1065f
vs. pseudotumor, 1064
Thyroiditis
chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto thyroiditis),
123-124, 123f
granulomatous (de Quervain thyroiditis),
122-123, 123f
Riedel, 124-125, 124f
Time interval, affecting fixation, 3
Tinea barbae, 41
Tinea capitis, 41
Tinea corporis, 41
Tinea cruris, 41
Tinea pedis, 41
Tinea unguium, 41
Tissue microdissection, 25
applications of, 25
methods of, 25f
Tissue processing, in light microscopy, overview
of, 2
Toluidine blue stain, 6
Tonsils, squamous cell carcinoma of, 184-185,
184f
Torsion, testicular, 561-562, 561f
Torulopsis glabrata, diagnostic features of,
252t
Toxic cardiomyopathy, 953
Toxicity
amiodarone, 241, 242f
bleomycin, 241-242, 241f
drug, vs. fatty liver of pregnancy, 418
Toxoplasma lymphadenitis, 751, 751f
vs. autoimmune lymphoproliferative
syndrome, 754
vs. follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, 747
vs. infectious mononucleosis, 749
Trabecular tumor, hyalinizing, 130-131,
131f
vs. medullary thyroid carcinoma, 138
Trachea, malignancies of, classification of,
214
Transcription-mediated amplification (TMA),
30
Transitional cell carcinoma
of ovary, 664-665, 664f
of prostate gland, 554
vs. prostatic adenocarcinoma, 555
vs. prostatic epithelial metaplasia, 545
vs. seminal vesicle carcinoma, 583
Transmission electron microscope, 8
Transplantation
liver, pathology of, 424-425, 424f
lung, 257-258
rejection in, 257f
grading scheme for, 258t
Traumatic splenic rupture, vs. hematoma, 835
Traumatic synovitis, vs. pigmented villonodular
synovitis, 887
Trichilemmal cyst, 82, 82f
calcified, vs. pilomatricoma, 89
Trichilemmoma, 90, 90f
vs. clear cell hidradenoma, 95
Trichoadenoma, vs. trichoepithelioma, 88
Trichoblastoma, vs. basal cell carcinoma, 91
Trichoepithelioma, 88-89, 88f
desmoplastic, vs. microcystic adnexal
carcinoma, 98
vs. basal cell carcinoma, 91
vs. syringoma, 92
Trichuris trichiura infestation (whipworm), 378-
379, 378f
Triple negative carcinomas, of breast, 726-727,
727f
Trophoblastic lesions. See also specific lesion.
immunohistochemistry approach to, 17t
True smooth muscle tumor, vs. gastrointestinal
stromal tumor, 398-399
TTF-1, immunohistochemistry for, 12f
Tubal metaplasia, vs. cervical adenocarcinoma
in situ, 624
Tuberculoid leprosy, 68
vs. sarcoidosis, 67
Tuberculosis
Addison disease due to, 462f
cutaneous, 69
in immunocompromised patients, 352-353
in lymph node, 766f
miliary, 832-833
Mycobacterium, 247-248, 248f
Tuberculous lymphadenitis, 766-767, 766f
vs. cat-scratch disease, 756
vs. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,
758
vs. sarcoidosis, 768
Tuberculous mastitis
vs. granulomatous lobar mastitis, 703
vs. plasma cell mastitis, 703
Tubular apocrine adenoma, vs.
syringocystadenoma papilliferum, 97
Tubular carcinoid tumor, of appendix, 408,
408f
Tubular carcinoma, of breast, 729-730, 729f
vs. adenoma, 715
vs. adenosis, 710
vs. fibroadenoma, 716
vs. infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 724
vs. radial sclerosing lesion, 711
Tubules, electron microscopy of, 9, 10t
Tularemia, vs. cat-scratch disease, 756
Tumid lupus erythematosus, 48
Tumor(s). See also Pseudotumor(s); specific
tumor.
metastatic. See Metastatic entries.
undifferentiated
immunohistochemistry approach to, 12t
of endocrine pancreas, 457-458
Tumor suppressor genes, 22t
Tumoral calcinosis, vs. pseudogout, 885
Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, of
prostate adenocarcinoma, 551t
Tunica vaginalis, mesothelioma of, 582, 582f
Turcot syndrome, 392
Typhoid fever, 349-350
U papillary, 498-499
Ulcer
gastric, 341-342
Marjolin, 87. See also Squamous cell
carcinoma.
peptic, 334-335, 335f
Ulcerative colitis, 366f-367f, 367-368
glandular dysplasia in, 310, 371
Ulcerative esophagitis, vs. squamous papilloma/
carcinoma, 325-326
Undifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, of
salivary glands, 169-170, 170f
Undifferentiated tumors
immunohistochemistry approach to, 12t
of endocrine pancreas, 457-458
Unicameral bone cyst, 879
vs. aneurysmal bone cyst, 879
Unusual interstitial pneumonia, 228-230,
229f
vs. asbestosis, 240
vs. cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,
228
vs. desquamative interstitial pneumonia,
232
vs. hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 234
vs. nonspecific interstitial pneumonia,
231
vs. pulmonary Langerhans cell
histiocytosis, 277
Urachal adenocarcinoma, of bladder, 505-506
Ureter, 488
urothelial carcinoma of, 488-490, 489f
Ureteritis cystica, 488
Urethra, 583-585
carcinoma of, 585
caruncle of, 584, 584f
nephrogenic adenoma of, 584, 584f
polyps of, 583-584
fibroepithelial, 583
prostatic, 584-585
Urinary bladder, 490
adenocarcinoma of, 505-506
vs. cystitis cystica et of glandularis, 495
vs. seminal vesicle carcinoma, 583
vs. villous adenoma, 505
carcinosarcoma of, 509-510
cystitis of, 490. See also Cystitis.
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of, 508,
508f
inflammatory pseudotumor of, 508
invasive urothelial carcinoma of, 502-504,
502f
inverted papilloma of, 499-500, 500f
malakoplakia of, 491, 491f
metastatic tumor of, 510
nephrogenic adenoma of, 495-496, 496f
papillary neoplasm of, malignant potential
of, 500-501, 500f
papillary urothelial carcinoma of
noninvasive high-grade, 502, 502f
noninvasive low-grade, 501, 501f
rhabdomyosarcoma of, 509
small cell carcinoma of, 507-508
squamous cell carcinoma of, 506-507
urothelial carcinoma in situ of, 497-498,
498f
urothelial dysplasia of, 497, 497f
urothelial hyperplasia of, 496-497
urothelial lesions of
flat, 496
papillary, 498
urothelial papilloma of, 499, 499f
villous adenoma of, 504-505, 505f

Urothelial carcinoma
of ureter
high-grade papillary, 489, 489f
low-grade papillary, 489, 489f
of urinary bladder
invasive, 502-504, 502f
noninvasive high-grade, 502, 502f
noninvasive low-grade, 501, 501f
vs. carcinosarcoma, 510
vs. collecting duct carcinoma, 525
vs. cystitis cystica et of glandularis, 495
vs. inverted papilloma, 500
vs. prostate carcinoma,
immunohistochemistry panel
distinguishing, 18t
vs. squamous cell carcinoma, 507
Urothelial carcinoma in situ, 497-498, 498f
vs. interstitial (Hunner) cystitis, 494
vs. treatment-related cystitis, 497-498, 498f
vs. urothelial dysplasia, 497
vs. urothelial hyperplasia, 497
Urothelial dysplasia, 497, 497f
vs. urothelial carcinoma in situ, 498
vs. urothelial hyperplasia, 496
Urothelial hyperplasia, 496-497
vs. ureteritis cystica et glandularis, 488
Urothelial papilloma, 499, 499f
inverted, 499-500, 500f
vs. invasive urothelial carcinoma, 504
vs. papillary urothelial carcinoma, 490
vs. papillary urothelial hyperplasia, 499
vs. papillary urothelial neoplasm of
malignant potential, 501
Urticaria, 43, 43f
papular, 55f
vs. dermatophytosis, 42
Urticaria pigmentosa, 116-117, 116f
macular variant, 43f, 44
Uterine adenocarcinoma, vs. myometrial
adenomatoid tumor, 647
Uterine cervix, 616-617
adenocarcinoma in situ of, 623-624, 623f
adenocarcinoma of, 624-626, 625f
adenosquamous carcinoma of, 626-627
condyloma acuminatum of, 617-618, 618f
glassy cell carcinoma of, 627
intraepithelial neoplasia of. See Cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia.
lesions of, differential diagnosis of,
immunohistochemistry expression of
p16 in, 17t
metastatic adenocarcinoma of, 628-629
microglandular hyperplasia of, 617, 617f
polyps of, 616-617, 616f
small cell carcinoma of, 627-628, 627f
squamous cell carcinoma of, 620-623,
621f-622f
squamous intraepithelial lesion of, 618-620,
619f
Uterus, 629-630
endometrium of, 629. See also Endometrial
entries; Endometrium; Endometritis.
myometrium of, 643. See also Myometrium.
V Villous abnormalities, vs. celiac sprue, 357-
Vagina, 610
adenosis of, 613, 613f
clear cell adenocarcinoma of, 614, 614f
Vagina (Continued)
intraepithelial neoplasia of, 611-612, 611f
leiomyosarcoma of, 616
polyps of, 610, 610f
rhabdomyosarcoma of, 614-615
embryonal, 615-616, 615f
squamous cell carcinoma of, 612-613,
612f
squamous papilloma of, 610-611, 611f
Vaginal atrophy, vs. vaginal intraepithelial
neoplasia, 612
Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, 611-612,
611f
Vascular conditions, of lungs, 242
Vascular dementia, 1047-1049
Vascular malformations, within central
nervous system, 1035-1036, 1035f
Vascular tumors, 861-862. See also specific
tumor.
benign, vs. spiradenoma, 94
Vasculitis, 71
cerebral, 1038-1040, 1039f
drug-induced, 979
infection-induced, 979
large-vessel, 973-975, 973f-974f
leukocytoclastic, 71-72, 71f
vs. Sweet syndrome, 59
medium-vessel, 975-976
noninfectious, vs. encephalitis/
meningoencephalitis, 1044
small-vessel
immune complex, 980-981
pauci-immune, 977-980, 977f
urticarial, 44
Venous cerebral infarcts, 1036-1038
Venous hemangioma, 1035-1036
Vermiform appendix. See Appendix.
Verocay bodies, 1018-1019
Verruca(e), 84-85. See also Condyloma
acuminatum.
genital
anal, 401, 401f, 403
penile, 588, 588f
vs. trichilemmoma, 90
Verruca plana, 85
Verruca vulgaris, 84, 85f
vs. oral squamous papilloma, 194
vs. seborrheic keratosis, 83
Verrucous carcinoma
of esophagus, 326
differential diagnosis of, 327
of larynx, squamous cell type, 211-212,
212f
of penis, 591-592
vs. anal neoplasia, 404
vs. oral squamous cell carcinoma, 207
vs. penile squamous cell carcinoma, 591
vs. squamous cell carcinoma, 86-87, 87f
vs. vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, 604
Verrucous hyperplasia, vs. squamous cell
carcinoma, 213
Vesiculobullous dermatosis, 73
Villus(i), in breast adenocarcinoma, electron
microscopy of, 9, 10f
358, 358f
Villous adenoma, of urinary bladder, 504-505,
505f
Index 1107
Viral hepatitis, 411-413, 412f
acute, 412
chronic, 412
vs. alcoholic liver disease/alcoholic
steatohepatitis, 415
vs. autoimmune hepatitis, 421
vs. drug-induced liver disease, 415
vs. nonalcoholic fatty liver/nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis, 417
vs. Wilson disease, 420
Viral infections. See also specific infection.
in immunocompromised patients, 351f,
352-353
of lungs, 245-246
Viral lymphadenitis, 756-757
Viral lymphadenopathy
HIV-associated. See Lymphadenopathy,
HIV-associated.
vs. mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma,
788
Viral orchitis, 559-560
Viral pneumonia, diagnostic features of, 246t
Virginal hypertrophy, of breast, 705-706, 705f
Vitiligo, 42-43, 42f
vs. dermatophytosis, 42
Vocal cord nodule, 208-209, 209f
vs. amyloidosis, 211
Vocal cord polyp, 208-209
Volume, affecting fixation, 3
Volvulus, 346-347
Von Brunn nests
florid proliferation of, 500
vs. invasive urothelial carcinoma, 504
vs. ureteritis cystica et glandularis, 488
Von Meyenburg complex (bile duct
hamartoma), 432, 432f
Vulva, 599
aggressive angiomyxoma of, 608-609, 608f
angiomyofibroblastoma of, 608, 608f
Bartholin gland carcinoma of, 597, 605-606
condyloma acuminatum of, 601-602, 602f
granular cell tumor of, 607-608
intraepithelial neoplasia of. See Vulvar
intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN).
leiomyosarcoma of, 609
lichen sclerosus of, 599, 599f
malignant melanoma of, 605
molluscum contagiosum of, 601, 601f
mucous cyst of, 600-601, 600f
Paget disease of, 606-607, 606f
papillary hidradenoma of, 607, 607f
sarcoma of, 610
squamous cell carcinoma of, 603-605,
604f
squamous cell hyperplasia of, 600, 600f
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), 602-
603, 603f
vs. condyloma acuminatum, 602
vs. extramammary Paget disease, 607
vs. vulvar malignant melanoma, 605
W
WAGR syndrome, 533
Waldenstrms macroglobulinemia, vs. chronic
lymphocytic leukemia and small
lymphocytic lymphoma, 799
Wart(s). See Condyloma acuminatum;
Verruca entries.
1108 Index
Warthin tumor, 154-155, 154f
cystic, vs. salivary duct cyst, 150
vs. cystadenoma, 157
vs. lymphoepithelial cyst, 150
vs. oncocytoma, 156
Warthin-Starry and Steiner stain, 6
Warty (condylomatous) carcinoma, vs. vulvar
squamous cell carcinoma, 604
Web(s), esophageal, 311
Web resources, for molecular pathology
techniques, 38
Wegener granulomatosis, 242f, 977-978
clinical and pathologic features of, 243t
vs. extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, 192
vs. Goodpasture syndrome, 238
vs. migratory thrombophlebitis, 73
West Nile virus encephalitis, 1042
Western blot assay, 37
Wheals, urticarial, 43
Whipple disease, 355f
vs. infection in immunocompromised
patients, 354
White pulp, splenic
neoplastic diseases of, 796-798
non-neoplastic diseases of, 792-793
Wickham striae, 44
Wilms tumor, 533-535, 534f
metastatic, vs. pleuropulmonary blastoma,
275
vs. adrenal neuroblastoma, 479
vs. clear cell sarcoma, 537
vs. mesoblastic nephroma, 536
Wilms tumor (Continued)
vs. nephrogenic rests and
nephroblastomatosis, 535
vs. rhabdoid tumor, 538
Wilson disease, 419-420, 419f
vs. nonalcoholic fatty liver/nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis, 417
World Health Organization (WHO)
classification
of gastric carcinoma, 342
of thymoma, 288, 289t
Wright stain, 6
X testicular, 567-568, 567f
Xanthelasma, gastric, 329f-330f
Xanthoastrocytoma, pleomorphic, 994, 994f
vs. gangliocytoma/ganglioglioma, 1005
vs. pilocytic astrocytoma, 993
Xanthogranuloma, 61-62, 62f
disseminated juvenile, vs. Langerhans cell
histiocytosis, 816
necrobiotic, 66f
vs. craniopharyngioma, 1032
vs. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 118
vs. necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, 66
Xanthogranulomatous cystitis, vs.
malakoplakia, 491
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, 516-
517, 516f
Xanthoma
vs. necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, 66
vs. xanthogranuloma, 62
Xp11.2/TFE3 translocation, renal cell
carcinoma associated with, 528, 528f
vs. renal cell carcinoma, papillary type,
523
Y
Yeast-like fungi, differential diagnosis of,
252t
Yersiniosis, in immunocompetent hosts,
349-350
Yolk sac tumor
mediastinal, 299, 303f-304f
ovarian, 677-679, 678f
vs. choriocarcinoma, 681
vs. clear cell carcinoma, 663
vs. dysgerminoma, 677
vs. embryonal carcinoma, 566, 679
vs. juvenile granulosa cell tumor, 574, 669
vs. seminoma, 564
Z
Zellballen appearance, of pheochromocytoma,
473, 474f
Ziehl-Neelsen stain, for acid-fast bacilli, 6, 7f
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 336
differential diagnosis of, 337
Zona glomerulosa hyperplasia, adrenal, 465,
465f
Zygomycetes, diagnostic features of, 250t
Zygomycosis, 251, 251f
differential diagnosis of, 226f