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At around 4:26pm of July 16, 1990, one of the strongest earthquakes to ever struck the country occurred
in several areas of Central Luzon and Cordillera Region. The shock had a surface wave magnitude of 7.8
and produced a 125 km-long ground rupture that stretched from Dingalan, Aurora to Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija.
The event was a result of strike-slip movements along the Philippine Fault and the Digdig Fault within the
Philippine Fault System. The earthquake's epicenter was near the town of Rizal, Nueva Ecija, northeast of
Cabanatuan City. A total of 1, 621 people died and at least 10-billion worth of damages to public and private
properties was reported after a the earthquake.
Impact
The earthquake caused damage within an area of about 20,000 square kilometers, stretching from the
mountains of the Cordillera Administrative Region and through the Central Luzon region. The earthquake
was strongly felt in Metropolitan Manila, destroying many buildings and leading to panic and stampedes.
Baguio City
Hyatt Terraces Plaza, Nevada Hotel, Baguio Hilltop Hotel, Baguio Park Hotel, and FRB Hotel, all in
Baguio collapsed trapping and burying people alive. Although the epicenter was recorded in Nueva Ecija, it
caused more damage in the City of Pines.
Cabanatuan City
In Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, the tallest building in the city, a six-story concrete school building
housing the Christian College of the Philippines, collapsed during the earthquake, which occurred during
school hours. Around 154 people were killed at the CCP building. The city suffered about 363 casualties,
(including 274 who were trapped ), with 154 of them dead.
Dagupan City
In Dagupan City, about 90 buildings in the city were damaged, and about 20 collapsed. Some structures
sustained damage because liquefaction caused buildings to sink as much as 1 metre (39 inches). The city
suffered 64 casualties of which 47 survived and 17 died.
La Union
Five municipalities in La Union were affected: Agoo, Aringay, Caba, Santo Tomas, and Tubao with a
combined population of 132,208. Many buildings, including the Museo de Iloko and the Basilica Minore of
our Lady of Charity, collapsed or were severely damaged. 100,000 families were displaced when two coastal
villages sank due to liquefaction.
The magnitude 7.5 earthquake that crushed Luzon on November 30, 1645 at about 8:00 pm was
called the most terrible earthquake in Philippines history. The Epicenter of the said quake was in
Nueva Ecija caused by the San Manuel and Gabaldon Faults.
The extent of the tremor was felt as far as Cagayan Valley. It has caused many landslides which
buried many people alive and destroyed many buildings and churches including Manila Cathedral.
That time, only Spanish are counted so the recorded number of casualties was only 600 while the
injured was 3,000.
Aftershocks continued a few days, then on December 4 at 11:00 pm, another event (allegedly equal
or stronger than Nov. 30) hit the area, causing further death and destruction.
According to official reports by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
(NDRRMC), 222 were reported dead, 8 were missing, and 976 people were injured. In all, more than 73,000
structures were damaged, of which more than 14,500 were totally destroyed.
It was the deadliest earthquake in the Philippines in 23 years since the 1990 Luzon earthquake. The
energy released by the quake was equivalent to 32 Hiroshima bombs. Previously, Bohol was also hit by an
earthquake on 8 February 1990 that damaged several buildings and caused a tsunami.
Casualties and infrastructure damage
A total of 2.25 billion worth of damage to public buildings, roads, bridges, and flood controls was
reported in Bohol and Cebu. A total of 671,103 families or more than 3.2 million people were affected by the
quake. Out of the total number of affected, 71,822 families or more than 348,000 people were displaced.
9. Mindoro Earthquake(1994)
Magnitude: 7.1
November 15, 1994, at around 3:15 a.m., a magnitude 7.1 earthquake rocked Mindoro. It is associated
with a 35 kilometer-long ground rupture, called the Aglubang River fault. A gigantic 8.5 meters (28 ft) tsunami
then followed.
A total of 7,566 houses were washed out and 78 people died because of that tragedy. The epicenter of
this earthquake was located in the Verde Island Passage, a strait separating Luzon and Mindoro. The focal
mechanism showed predominantly right-lateral strike-slip faulting.The released seismic moment was about
5.121019 Nm.
Tsunami
The earthquake generated a tsunami, which affected Mindoro, the Verde Island, the Baco Islands, and
Luzon. Some concrete structures also suffered moderate damage in the tsunami. In Baco Islands, the vertical
run-up reached 8.5 meters (28 ft). The tsunami was also recorded in Lobo. The tsunami was larger than
expected considering the strike-slip movement of the earthquake.
10. 1973 Ragay Gulf Earthquake
Magnitude: 7.0
The town of Calauag, Quezon was the most devastated during the 1973 Ragay Gulf Earthquake.
Date: March 17, 1973
Epicenter: Ragay Gulf
Damages: 98 houses destroyed and damaged 270 more
Affected areas: Quezon province
Summary of Damages:
The town worst hit by the earthquake is Calauag, Quezon where 98 houses were totally destroyed and
270 others were partially destroyed. In barrio Sumulong of the same town, 70% of the school buildings were
damaged. Most of the partially to completely destroyed houses and buildings were situated along the
seashore in the northern section of the town proper.
Features and Effects Related to Faulting
The most interesting feature in this earthquake was the remarkable extent of faulting. The farthest
observable fault trace from the epicenter is 90 kms. away in the coastal barrio of Sumulong, Calauag. Ground
breakages were seen along the segment of the Philippine Fault, from the western coast of Ragay Gulf to
Calauag Bay, a stretch of about 30 kms.