Anesthesia Basics

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1. Simple Febrile Host Antibidies against Human 9. Management 1) Trendelenburg position or Left lateral
Reaction to Blood Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) present on for Patient position.
Product donor blood. Mild, short lived, tx with that 2) Bronchoscopy suction
Administration Tylenol. Aspirated 3) Spontaneous Ventilation if possible (Avoid
pushing aspirate further down with PPV)
2. Anaphylactic Seen in patients with Hereditary IgA
4) Oxygen and intubation if necessary
Reactions to Blood defficiency. IgE mediated to reaction to
Products donor IgA. after previous blood 10. Jehova's They believe it is a mortal sin which precludes
transfusion. Witness and them from enjoying the pleasures of the
Blood afterlife. They do not accept anything which
3. Abdominal Intravesical Pressure > 20-25 mmHg
Transfusion leaves the body without staying in contact.
Compartment (foley catheter) Decrease in Pre-Load,
It's ok if a tube takes blood in'n out, but is has
Syndrome Renal Perfusion, and an increase in
to remain connected to the body.
Peak&Plateau Pressures.
11. Protamine Hypotension 2/2 Histamine Release from
-Grade I 10-15mmHg Side Effects Mast Cell degranulation.
-Grade II 15-25 (organ disfunction above
20) Acute Onset Pulmonary HTN and LH Failure
-Grade III 25-35 2/2 thromboxane A2 release from platelets
-Grade IV +35. and Macrophages
4. Maximum Doses of Lidocaine 3.0 mg/kg 12. Vasoplegic Resistent Hypotension following Cardio-
Local Anesthetic in Bupivacaine 2.6 mg/kg Syndrome Pulm-Bipass (CPB).
the Pediatric Ropivacaine 3.0 mg/kg -seen more with ACE Inhibitors and Long
Population CPB times
-treat with vasopressin and methylene blue.
5. Local Anesthetic Intercostal > Caudal > Epidural > Brachial
Systemic Plexus > Lower Limbs > Sub-Q 13. Neuraxial Stage I is T10-L1 (uterus)
Absorption Blockade for Stage II is S2-4 (cervix perineum)
"ICE BaLLS" is the mnemonic Labor and
Delivery
6. Carotid Sinus
Baroreceptor 14. Neuraxial T4-S4 (needs to cover viscera other than
Reflex Blockade for uterus)
Cesarean
Section
15. Mnemonic Blood pressure goes 'HYER' with
for metHYIERgometrine
Medications Keep the OO's together with CarbOprOst
used for Post and "BrOncOspasm"
Part
Hemorrhage
Carotid Body vs Carotid Sinus 16. Double
Mnemonic "The body receives Chemo" Lumen Tube
"Sinus BAROcardia Configuration
7. Methohexital Barbiturate, short-acting, binds GABAa,
CAUSES seizures, used in ECT therapy
induction.
8. Therapy for Brain "Triple H"
Vessel Vasospasm 1) Hypertension (MAP 110-120 mmHg)
(after SAH) 2) Hemodilution
3) Hypervolemia

(also Nimodipine)
17. Capnography 22. Bohr Effect Right Shift of the oxygen dissociation
Waveform curve during acidosis. H+ ions bind to
Abnormalities hemoglobin chains, facilitating oxygen
unloading.
23. Positive Lusitropy
and Contractility
with INDOLATOR
therapy
(Milrinone, PDE III
inhibitor)

18. Factor that Affect Right Shift:

the Hemoglobin
Dissociation Curve "CADET face Right!"
"CADETS like to Unload their weapons"
CPP: coronary perfusion pressure
CO2, Acidosis, DPG, Exercise,
24. Anesthetic Airway: Limited TMJ movement, Narrow
Temperature
Consideration in Glottic opening.
19. Popletal Block patients with C-Spine: Atlanto-axial instability
Rheumatoid Cardiac: Tamponade, Pericarditis
Arthritis. Eyes: Sjgren's syndrome
GI: Gastric Ulcers 2/2 NSAIDs
Pull: Interstitial Fibrosis
Renal: Failure 2/2 NSAIDs
25. Normal
Capnogram

20. Lehan-Cormack
Laryngeal View:
Grade I, IIa, IIb,
IIIa, IIIb IV

26. Trendelenburg Decreases FRC, TLC, Lung Compliance,

I entire larynx
Positing and Lung and Chest Wall Compliance
II posterior 3rd of glottis
Physiology
IIa arytenoids and posterior chords
IIb only epiglottic edge and arytenoids 27. Normal CVP: 2-6 mmHg
III no chords, only epiglottis visible Hemodynamic PCWP: 6-12 mmHg
IIIa only epiglottic edge visible Values that need Cali: 2.5-4 L/min/m2
IIIb downloaded or floppy epiglottis to be Memorized SVR: 800-1200 dynes*sec/cm5
visible 28. Butorphanol Preferred narcotic for biliary colic. It
IV no view of any airway structure. does not affect sphincter of Oddi.
21. WPW agonist (25-40 potency of morphine)
(procainamide) and is a antagonist. (2-3 hrs). Has a
ceiling effect.
29. Fat Emboli MAJOR: 34. Anatomy of the
Syndrome: -Axill/Neck/Subconjunctival Petechiae Spinal Block
Gurd's Criteria -Hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg on 40%)
-Pulm Edema
-CNS depression

MINOR:
-Tachycardia
-High Temp/Fever
-Renal or Urinary Fat globs or emboli
-Decreases platelets/Hct
-Increase ESR
-Fat in Sputum 35. FDA and DEA
Drug Schedules
30. Brachial Plexus
Blocks

36. Saturated Vapor

Pressures

31. Maximum 35 - 55 mg/kg

Tumescent Dose
of Lidocaine (grape fruit juice, diltiazem, verapamil,
omeprazole inhibit CYP 3A4 which
metabolizes lidocaine)
37. Diagnostic 1) Widespread Pain Index (WPI) >/= 7
32. Converting
Criteria for and Symptom Severity (SS) >/= 5 or WPI
Narcotics
Fibromyalgia 3-6 and SS > 9

2) Symptoms > 3 months

33. Anatomy of the
Vertebra 3) No other explanations
38. Where Dural Sac In Newborns The Dural Sac ends at the
"Scotty Dog"
and Conus S3 and the Conus L3
Nose: Transvers
Medullaris Ends in
process
Peds and Adults In Adults Dural Sac at S1-2 and Conus
Ear: Superior
L1-2
Auricular facet
Eye: Pedicle 39. Stents and Bare Metal Stents need anticoagulation
Neck: Pars Preoperative for 4-6 weeks of dual anti-platelet
interarticularis Management before stopping Plavix, Ok to continue
Front Leg: ASA.
Inferior
Auricular facet Drug Eluding Stents should have 1 year
Break in the neck "Dog Collar" is seen in
of deal anti-platelet therapy with
spondylolysis.
continuations of ASA preoperatively.
40. Echothiophate Echothiophate is a
Eyedrops > 1 pseudocholinesterase inhibitor. Prolongs
month and Succs
Succinylcholine
41. Predictos of poor 48. Codes For
pulmonary Pacemakers
outcome
following
Pneumonectomy
42. NewBorn
assessment of Never let intrinsic HR be faster than
Dehydration paced HR. It will overlap paced R and
intrinsic T waves causing V-fib.
49. Hemodynamic -Preload should be kept UP.
Goals in IHSS / -Afterload kept DOWN.
HOCM -Heart Rate kept DOWN.
-Contractility kept DOWN.
-Sinus Rhythm should be maintained.
50. FENa equation FENa = [( PCr x UNa) / (PNa x UCr)] x
100
51. Sensory Nerves
43. Blood Volumes in of the Leg
the Human Body

52. Peak Times of

Serum
BioMarkers

44. Maximum MABL = EBV x (Start Hct - Target Hct) /

Allowable Blood Start Hct
Loss
CK-MB > 20 has a 20% 6month mortality
45. E-Cliniders and
rate. Troponins > 3 also have a poor
Contents
prognosis.
53. Degree of "SID"
46. Initial Dose of 2.5 mg/kg Volatile Sevo > Iso > Des
Dantroline for Anesthetic Liver
Malignant Metabolism
Hyperthermia
54. Neuraxial Block Stage I = T10-L1
47. 3 G's: All are associated with Bleeding for the Stages of
Garlic, Ginko, and Labor Stage II = S2-4
Ginger
55. Preoperative OK to continue to take in most surgeries
Vitamin E
Aspirin except:
-Intracranial
-Middle Ear
-Posterior Eye
-Intramedulary spine surgery
-Prostate
56. Preop Bare Metal Stents require 4-6 weeks of 61. Benzocaine and Methylene Blue 1-2 mg/kg
Anticoagulation dual anti-platelet therapy (ASA, ADP Prilocane Cause
in the patient receptor blockers). before stopping ADP Methemoglobinemia: Vitamin C in the G6PD deficient patient
with CA Stents. blocker (Plavix). What is the
treatment?
Drug Eluding Stents require 12 months of
62. Factors that Increase Age: greatest at 6 months
dual anti-platelet therapy, before stopping
MAC Drugs: Ethanol (Chronic), Meth (Acute),
ADP blockers.
Cocaine
Other: Hyperthermia, Hypernatremia,
Aspirin should be continued operatively in
being Ginger.
both.
63. Factors that Decrease
57. Stewart Method 1. PaCO2 respiratory acidosis and alkalosis
MAC
of Acid Base
Determination 2. Atot: Is the sum of wear Acids and their
Bases [Phosphate and Proteins (Albumin)]
(increase in Atot causes acidosis)

3. Strong Ion Difference (SID): Difference

between fully dissociated cation and
anions (Na+, Mg++, K+, Ca++) - (Cl-, Lactate-,
HCO3-, A-) (Decrease in SID causes
Acidosis) 64. Changes that happen
with the normal aging
58. Strong Ion
lung
Difference

59. Common MAC

65. Anatomy of the
values
Sciatic Nerve Block

66. Dibucaine is a local Dibucaine inhibits 80% of normal PCE, a

anesthetic that normal Dibucaine number is 80.
inhibits normal Homozygous is < 20
60. Experimental pseudocholinesterase Heterozygous is 40-70
Errors activity. (PCE)
67. Phase I blockade -Short Succinylcholine administration 72. Pain Pathways
-Decrease contraction with single twitch Nociceptive
-Faciculations Pathways
-Minimal TOF fade (TOF > 70%)
-Enhancement of block with esterase
inhibitors. (Neostigmine)
68. Phase II blockade -Repeated dose or Infusion of
succinylcholine (less than 5 min apart
causes bradycardia)
-Decrease contraction with single
twitch, Chemical Stimulus causes Substance-P
-Fade with TOF (TOF < 70%) Calcitonin gene related peptide, glutamate,
-Partially reversed with bradykinin, protons, pro inflammatory
Acetocholinesterase inhibitors. cytokines, where are spinal inhibition is
-Greater than 6 mg/kg through opiate receptors, GABA, and
glycine.
69. Sacral Plexus
73. Fick Equation SvO2 = SaO2 - [VO2 / (CO x Hgb x 1.36)]
for Mixed
Venous O2 *VO2: total body oxygen consumption
Saturation
74. Signs and "THYROIDISM"
Symptoms of
Hyper -Tremor
Thyroid -Heart Rate
-Yawning (Fatigue)
-Restless
70. Risk Factors for -Length of surgery -Oligomenorrhea
PONV in -Age > 3 years -Intolerance to heat
pediatrics -Strubismus surgery -Diarrhea
-Fam history --Irritability
-Sweating
71. Difficult Airway
-Muscle wasting Weigh loss and
Algorithm in the
exophthalmos
Obstetric Patient
75. Anesthetic
Effects on
Cerebral
Physiology

76. Preoperative
Corticosteroid
Use
77. Potassium Staring Diuretics "K+ STAys" 83. Anti-Cholinergic ALOC, hyperthermia, dry mouth,
Symptoms tachycardia, flushing, mydriasis,
-Spironolctone constipation, urinary retention.
-Triamterene (Carbamazepine
-Amiloride overdose) "Atropine fever"
"Dry as a bone, mad as a hatter, hot as a
78. Endocarditis Prophylaxis Card Condition the fm
hair, blind as a bat"
are Hight Risk:
-Prosthetic Valves 84. Wavelength of: "SeXy DARiling"
-Previous I.E.
-Valvular disease after Red or 669 nm is "Six" 60 Deoxyhemoglobin absorbs
transplant. deoxygenated Hgb light. (Fluorescine does not interfere
-Cyanotic heart with pulse-ox_
disease or shunts. Infrared or 940 is
-Repaired CHD w/ oxygenated Hgb
prosthesis 6months
85. Thromboelastogram
before, or with residual
defects.
-------------
undergoing---
- Dental Procedures
-Respiratory Tract
procedures.
-Patients with infected
skin, sutures, or
muscles or bone.
79. "Triple H" therapy for Vasospasm -Hypertension
after sub arachnoid hemorrhage -Hypervolemia
(SAH) -Hemodilution
+ Nimodipine 86. Thromboelastogram:
R: is the time it takes
80. GCS correlations 3-8 = deep coma,
for clot to start (1-3
severe head trauma,
min)
poor outcome.

K: is the speed of
9-12 = conscious
clot formation and
patient with moderate
strength always
head injury.
measured a 22 mm;
it relies on fibrin.
> 12 correlates with a
mild injury.
Ma: "maximun
81. Pain with administration Propofol amplitude" is the
Etomidate max strength of the
Rocuronium clot, it relies on
Methohexital platelet function or
82. Power of a Study = The chance of Power = 1 - amount.
correctly rejecting the null (Ho)
when the alternative (Ha) is Alpha Angle:
correct. Type II error or error measurement of clot
is incorrectly accepting formation speed,
the Null. (like K) usually 45-
55 degrees.
87. Neuraxial Block for T4-S4 dermatomes
C-Sections
88. Ketamine Increases HR, BP, CO, CMRO2, IOP, 94. Similarities and
Salivation, and Lacrimation. Differences
Between
Preserves Respiratory Drive, Airway Myasthenia Gravis
Reflexes, and is a Bronchial Smooth and Myasthenic
Muscle Relaxant. Syndrome
89. MELD score MELD: "I Crush Beer Daily"
95. Four Main Factors 1) Hight Minute Ventilation relative to
Child-Pugh score INR, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Dialysis. the Increase FRC (most important)
Inhalation
C-P: "Pour Another Beer At Eleven" induction in 2) Lower Blood:Gas Partition Coefficient
Children:
PT, Ascites, Bilirubin, Albumin, (Allowing a faster 3) Lower Tissue:Gas Partition Coefficient
Encephalopathy. rise in FA:FI)
90. Heparin Induced "HIT 4" 4) Higher blood supply to vessel-rich
Thrombocytopenia organs (eg. Brain)
(HIT) 1) Thrombocytopenia
2) Timing of the reduced platelets *Higher CO does lower the FA:FI which
3) Thrombosis increases induction time, but is cannot
4) Exclusion of other causes offset the above 4 which ultimately
reduces induction time.
91. Volume of V ~ 3 x Fresh Gas Flow x % anesthetic
Anesthetic Gas vapor 96. Mitral "Fast, Full, and Forward"
Delivered Regurgitation
Example: Hemodynamic Elevate heart rate, Adequate Preload,
Optimization. Low Afterload.
3x4 (L/min) x 1 (%) = 12 mL/hr --> 1 mL in 97. Alpha Typer I Incorrectly Rejecting the Null
5 minutes. Error Hypothesis (No)

"How much is left in O2 E tank? divide "AL bundy REJected his dULL wife"
psi by 3, then divide by Flow rate.
98. Cutaneous
92. Fat Emboli Innervations on
Syndrome (FES) the Leg
Criteris

1 Major and 4 Minor

93. Context Sensitive
Half Life Graph
99. Cutannous 105. Afferent vs Afferent neurons are sensory neurons
Innervations of Efferent Neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory
the Anterior Foot stimuli towards the central nervous
system and brain, while efferent neurons
are motor neurons that carry neural
impulses away from the central nervous
systme and towards muscles to cause
movement.
106. Tension Occurs with use of Nitrous Oxide within
Pneumocephalus 3 weeks of Craniotomy or
Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia.
Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnostic Tests:

Delayed Emergence
100. A-Line "pH 15 20"
Transducer and 107. Blood Gas Des 0.42
height adjustment Meaning there will be a 15 mmHg Partition Nitrous 0.46
change for every 20 cm height change. Coefficients: Sevo 0.69
Iso 1.46
Or Halothane 2.54
108. A-a Gradient Increased > 15 mm Hg
7.5 mmHg for every 10 cm (e.g. Shunt, Deadspace, Diffusion deficits.
101. Saturated Vapor Sevoflurane: 157
Pressure of Isoflurane: 238 Normal 5-10 mmHg
common Desflurane:669 Hypoventilation or low FiO2
anesthetics (at 20 109. Renal Pancuronium 80%
degrees C) Concentration = SVP/Barometric elimination of Vecuronium 15-25%
Pressure NMB Pancuronium 10-25%
102. Diagnostic Signs 1) Compartment pressure > 30 mmHg Neostigmine 50%
of Compartment 2) Loss of Pulse Endrophonium 70%
Syndrome 3) CPK > 5,000 U/mL (some use 1,000 110. Basic Traumatic -Head Elevation
U/mL) Brain Injury -Hyperventilation
4) Loss of normal phasic patterns of Treatment -Barbiturate Coma
tibial venous blood flow -Neuromuscular Blockade
5) Compartment perfusion pressure < 20 -Decompression Craniectomy
mmHg -CPP between 50-70 mmHg
103. Stages of General 111. Milrinone and -PDE III inhibitors
Anesthesia Inamrione -Increase cAMP
-Increase Contractility
-Vasodilitation/ Decrease Pulm Vasc
Resistance
104. Mechanisms of -Inamrione thrombocytopenia
Action of Volatile
112. amIno amIde has Amino Ester are Allergenic due to PABA
Anesthetics
2 I's derivative. Metabolite of preservative
methylparaben
amIno ester has 1
I
113. Referring Fluid and Electrolyte disorder most
Syndrome notable
HYPOPHOS, after starting TPN.
Receptor Potentiation ( + ) 114. Bohr Effect Rt shift is the oxyhemoglobin
Receptor Inhibition ( - ) dissociation curve during acidosis. H+
ions bind to hemoglobin, facilitating
unloading of O2.
115. Full N2O E- At room temp 1 g of N2O = 0.55 L gas. 120. APGAR
Cylinder: 9 kg
Empty: 6kg Volume Remaining (L) = (gauge pressure
(psig) / 745 psi) x 0.55 L/g

If below 745 psi

Volume remaining = (gauge pressure 121. Normal CVP: 2-6 mmHg

/745) x 253 L Hemodynamic CI: 2.5-4 L/min/m2
116. Optimal ETT leak 20 - 30 cm H2O Values PCWP: 6-12 mmHg
in pediatric SVR: 800-1200 dynes*sec/cm5
patient 122. ACTIVE Cardiac
117. EKG and Arterial Conditions &
Waveforms CLINICAL Risk
Factors

123. Alveolar Gas PAO2 = FiO2 x (atm - vapor pressure) -

Equation (PaCO2 / Respiratoy Quotient)
124. Common Fluid
Values
118. a = Atrial
Contraction
c = Tricuspid
Valve Bulging into
Rt Atria during
isovoumetric Lactate is metabolized to Bicarb in the
contraction. Liver
x = Atrieal empty 125. Criteria For 1. Correction of microvascular bleeding
v = Venous return A-Fib: loss of a Administration of (PT > 1.5 normal; INR >2
y = Atria emptying AV dissociation: big a FFP 2. Correction of coagulation factor
into the Rt Tricuspid Regurge: tall c and v waves no deficiencies if the patient has received
Ventricle x decent around 1 blood volume. > 70 ml/kg
Tricusp Stenosis: tall a and v with 3. Urgent reversal of warfarin therapy
minimal y 4. Correction of coagulation factors
RV ischemia: tall a and v, steep x and y were there is no specific replacement.
looks like an "M" or "W" 5. Heparin resistance (Antithrombin III)
Pericardial constriction: same as RV in patient needing heparin.
ischemia
Tamponade: dominent x decent, minima 126. Anesthesia for 1.) IV in Lower Extremities (Avoid Pooling
y Patients with in Upper)
Superior 2.) Maintain Preload (No diuretics,
119. Things that Venacava Maintain Spontaneous Ventilation, PPV
increase or Syndrome decreases preload)
decrease EtCO2 3). Revers T
127. Pulmonary PVR = (MPAP - PAOP/ CO) x 80
Vascular dynesseccm-5
Resistance (PVR) (PAOP: pulm art occlusion press)
formula
128. Systemic Vascular SVR = (MAP - CVP)/CO x 80 138. What TV and 6 mL/Kg
Resistance plateau pressures
formula (SVR) decrease 30 cm H20
mortality and
129. Risk Factors for -Female
ARDS?
Post Dural -LOW BMI
Puncture -History of Tension HA 139. P50 of Fetal Hgb,
Headache -History of PDPH 10 months Hgb,
-LOW opening pressure. and Adult Hgb:
130. Fractional FENa = (UNa/PNa) / (UCr/PCr) x 100%
Excretion of Na (Greater than 2 is tubular damage,
(FENa) unable to keep Na, may be
compromised with Diuretic use)
Fractional
Excretion of Urea FEUN = (UUN/PUN) / (UCr/PCr) x 100%
Nitrogen (FEUN) (With Hypovolemis it is less than 35%,
HgbF: 19.7 mmHg
and greater than 50% with tubular
damage)
Hgb adult: 27 mmHg
131. Pierre Robin 1) Microgneathia
Sequence 2) Posterior displacement of the tongue Hgb 10-month: 30 mmHg
(glossoptosis)
140. Formula for Mean (SBP + 2DBP) / 3
3) Airway Obstuction
Arterial Pressure
MAP = CO x SVR
Seen in: Stickler, Treacher-Collins &
Velocardiofacial Syndromes 141. What are the 3 1.) ARDS requiring mechanical
risk factors for ventilation > 48hrs
132. Intralipid Dose 1) 1.5 mL/kg bolus of 20% intralipid.
Stress Ulcers in
the ICU? 2.) Coagulopathy
Followed by

3.) Renal Failure on mechanical

2) 0.25 mL/kg/min
ventilation
133. Correction of No faster than 0.5 mEq/L/hr
142. What is a 1) QT interval > 470 MEN; >480 WOMAN
Sodium
Prolonged QT
134. Onset of effects interval? What is 2) 2 fold treatment: First increase HR to
and elimination of the Treatment for >90 via pacing or Isoproterenol or
Opiates Torsade de dobutamine, and give Mg or beta-
Pointes? bookers to stop the trigger.
143. Treatment for -Sodum Thiosulfate (150mg/kg over 15
135. ICU vent settings PaCO2 of 60-65 mmHg Cyanid Toxicity min)
for Permissive or 3% Sodium Nitrate (5mg/kg over
Hypercapnia Peak Airway Pressures of < 25 cm H2O 5min)

TV of 6 mL/kg followed by
136. When to stop Q-T 1) QTc > 500 ms
-Methylene blue
prolonging drugs
(Anti-Nausea, 2) increase by more than 60 ms 144. Croup vs Croup: Parainfluenza 70% of the time,
Antipsychotics) Epiglottis "Barking" Cough

137. Definition of - PA systolic > 35 mmHg

Epiglottis: Hemophilous Influenza type-
Pulmonary
B; Toxic
Hypertension -Mean PA pressure > 25 mmHg

-Mean PA pressure > 30 mmHg during

exercise
145. What is the -Gastric Lavage and Activated Charcoal 151. Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage Torsades-de-Pointes,
treatment for if recent ingestion. is Associated with what heart Bradycardia, Sinus Tach, A-
TCA overdose? conditions? Fib, V-Fib,
-EKG tracing
152. MAC decreases by how decreases by 6.7% per
much for every decade of decade
-Give Sodium Bicarb is QRS > 100ms (1-
life after the age of 40?
2meq/kg bolus); convert to infusion
(MAC is highest at 6 months
once QRS stabilizes (pH 7.5-7.55)
of age, declines after)

-Give 3% Saline is pH goes above 7.55 153. How do you dose - Rapid and Short Acting
and QRS is still above 100 ms. Preoperative insulin? (Lispro, Aspart, Regular) can
continue till the day of
146. Draw the Types
surgery.
of Arotic
Dissections
- Intermediate (NPH) 75%
the night before and 50% the
day of.

-Long acting (Glargine,

Detemire) should be taken
50% the morning of.

147. What is the 4-8 mEq/L 154. Mnemonic For Mapleson Spontaneous: "All Dogs Can
therapeutic range Circuit Efficiency Bite"
of Mg for seizure -5-10 mEq/L will start to show P-R
prophylaxis in Prolongation and Wide QRS complexes, Controlled: "Dead Bodies
Pre-eclampsia? Toxicity will have loss of deep tendon Can't Argue"
reflexes. 155. Mnemonic for Ach Toxicity "SLUDGE-Mi"
(Nerve Agents, -Salavation
(Antidote is 500 mg of Calcium Chloride Organophosphate poison, -Lactrimation
or 1 g of Calcium Gluconate) Neostigmine) -Urination
148. What do They are both Lysine analogs that -Defecation
Transacsamic competitively bind to plasmin and -Gastrointestinal
Acid, Epsilon- plasminogen, preventing fibrinolysis. -Emesis
aminocorporic (Good for use in CPB, ORTHO, Trauma) -Miosis
Acid have in 156. What medications activate GABA-b "Baclofen"
common? GABA a vs GABA b
149. What are the Prerequisites: irreversible coma from GABA-a "Anesthesia"
prerequisites to known cause. No drugs onboard, and 157. What are the Blood:Gas N2O: 0.46
diagnose Brain normal metabolic, and temp. No Partition Coefficients for the Des: 0.42
Death? spontaneous following Gases? Sevo: 0.69
Breathing. N2O Iso: 1.46
150. What is the -Pupil non reactive. Des Halo: 2.54
clinical exam to -No corneal reflex Sevo
diagnose brain -No occulocephalic reflex (if c-spin Iso
death? intact) Halo
-No occulovestibular reflex
-No gremis to TMJ pressure or
supraorbital nerve.
-No gag reflex
-No cough to tracheal suctioning
-No motor response to pain on all 4
limbs (spinal reflex not included)
-Fail apnea test.
158. Potency vs 162. Dilates Veines vs -Nitroglycerine: Strict Vonodilator +
Efficacy of a Arteries? Coronary vessels (decrease Preload)
Drug Nitroglycerine
Nitroprusside -Nicardipine: Strict Arteriodilater (reflex
Nicardipine: tachy)

-Nitroprusside: Vaso-Arterio Dilator

(decrease Pre and Afterload =
decreases SVR)

(Phenylephrine constricts both a & v)

(Splanchnic blood flow has almost no
parasympathetic innervation)
163. Describe some of
159. RBC are stored at -(CPD) Citrate Phosphate Dextrose. 21
the Classic AKI
1-6 Celsius with days
findings:
what types of
anticoagulant -(CDPA-1) Citrate Dextrose Phosphate
preservatives? Adenine-1 (ATP), 35 days. 164. What makes up -Factors 8 and 13
Cryoprecipitate? -Von-Willi
-(AS-1) Adsol, Adenine, Mannitol, -Fibrinogent
Glucose, NaCl. 42 days.
160. TRALI vs TACO 200mg of Fibrinogen per Unit

(increase 70 mg/dl in a 70 Kg man)

165. Draw the CO2
Minute
Ventilation
response curve:

161. Largest size ETT

that can fit
through an LMA

166. Describe First -1st Order: are those that are eliminated
Order vs Zero at a percentage over time.
Order Kinetics.
-Zero Order: are those that are
eliminated at a constant amount
overtime

(zero order "THE PAW" theophylline,

I.D. is "internal diameter" heparin, ethanol, phenytoin, aspirin,
warfarin.)
167. What are the (HCTZ stops NaCl transport in the DCT) 172. Laryngospasm 1) 100% Oxygen + PPV
common blood -HypoMagnesemia Treatment 2) Suctioning
chemistry -HypoNatremia 3) Jaw Thrust
derangements for -HypoKalemia (increase in Na at 4) (optional) IV anesthetic agents
HCTZ? collecting ducts causes Na-K pumps to 5) (last resort) SCh 0.1-0.5 mg/kg
over activate)
173. Factors that affect
FA/FI ratios:
-HyperCalcemia
-Hypertriglyceridemia/lipidemia/LDL
-Hyperurecemia (Gout)
-HyperGlycemia
168. How does pH,
pCO2, and pO2
change with
temperature?
-pH increases 0.017 with every decrease
in C
-pCO2 decreases 2 per decrease in C
-pO2 decreases 5 per C -Relative low blood:gas partition
-Bicarbe increases coefficient will increase rate of rise
169. Match Data Types -Low cardiac output will increase...
with Experiment: -High Minute Ventilation will increase...
-High (Pa-Pv) causing higher gradient.
174. What are the
Characteristics of
170. Penicillin
Nerve Fibers?
Allergies and
(Alpha, Beta, C
preoperative
fibers)
antibiotic
Algorithm.
175. What is MAC-BAR 1.7-2.0 MAC
and MAC- awake? 0.3-0.5 MAC (0.4-0.5MAC on induction)
176. Describe
Common
Antithrombotic
Agents?

171. What Medications PROLONG:

Prolong Non- -Abx (e.g. Streptomycin, clindamycin,
Depolarizing tetracyclines, aminoglycosides)
Paralytics? -Antiarrhythmics (Ca blockers) 177. Volitile Anesthetic Increase by: solubility, CO, partial
-Ktamine Uptake is affected pressure difference between venous
-Dantroline by? and arterial.
-Lithium
-Magnesium Decreased by: Barometric pressure
-Local Anesthetics at high doses
-Volatile Anesthetics Anesthetic Uptake = CO x Solubility x (
arterial-venous/barometric pressure)
SHORTENS:
-Anticonvulsant (phenytoin,
carbamazepine)
-Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Neo)
178. Review Opioid Receptors and their effects on Mu Receptor: Analgesia, physical dependance, GI, respiratory depression,
physiology: myosis, euphoria.

Kappa Receptor: Analgesia, dysphoria, myosis, sedation.

Delta Receptors: Physical dependance, analgesia, antidepressant.