Chaptter 13

SteelConcreeteCom
mpositteStru
ucturalMemb
bers

13.1 GeneralP
ProvisionsforSteelC
ConcreteCo
ompositeSttructuralM
Members
This sectio
on states the scope of thee specification
n, summarizess referenced specificationss, codes and standard
s
documenttsandprovideerequirementtsformateriaalsforsteelco oncretecomp positemembe ers.Generalprovisions
forcompo ositesectionsaandshearcon nnectorsarealsoincluded.

13.1.1 Scope
The guideelines included
d in chapter 13
1 of part 6 o
of this code presents
p the ddesign guidelin
nes for steel concrete
compositeemembersfreequentlyused dinmediumto ohighrisebuildings.Thischaptermainlyyaddressesco omposite
columnsccomposedofrrolledorbuiltupstructurallsteelshapesorHSS,andsstructuralcon ncreteactingttogether,
and steel beams suppo orting a reinfforced concreete slab so in
nterconnected d that the beaams and the slab act
together to
t resist bending. Simple and continuo ous composite beams with shear conn nectors and concrete
c
encased beams,
b constrructed with or
o without teemporary sho ores, are inclu
uded. Seismicc provisions for
f steel
concreteccompositemeembersarealssoprovided.

13.1.2 Referenced
R Specificatiions,CodessandStand
dards
Thedocummentsreferen ncedinthese provisionsshaallincludetho
oselistedinPart6Chapter 10Section2 withthe
followingaadditionsandmodificationss:
AmericanSocietyofCivvilEngineers
ASCE391StandardfortheStructura
alDesignofCo
ompositeSlabss
AmericanWeldingSocieety
AWSD1.104StructurallWeldingCod
deSteel
AWSD1.498StructurallWeldingCod
deReinforcingSteel
CanadianStandardsAsssociation
CSAS160
01DesignofStteelStructuress

13.1.3 MaterialLim
M mitations
Concreteaandsteelreinfforcingbarsin
ncompositesyystemsshallb
besubjecttothefollowinglimitations.
a)) Forthedetterminationofftheavailableestrength,concreteshallhaaveacompressivestrength h of
notlessthaan21MPanormorethan770MPafornormalweightconcreteandn notlessthan221MPa
c
normorethan42MPaforlightweighttconcrete.
b)) Thespecifieedminimumyyieldstressofstructuralsteelandreinforrcingbarsused
dincalculatingthe
strengthoffacompositecolumnshalln notexceed5225MPa.
Highermaaterialstrengthsarepermitttedwhentheiiruseisjustifiedbytestingoranalysis.

13.1.4 GeneralPro
G ovisions
In determ mbers and connections of a structure tthat includes composite members,
mining load efffects in mem m
considerattionshallbeggiventotheeeffectivesectioonsatthetim
meeachincrem mentofloadiisapplied.Theedesign,
detailing and material properties related to tthe concrete and reinforccing steel po ortions of co omposite
construction shall compply with the reinforced
r con
ncrete and reeinforcing bar design speciffications stipu
ulated by
theprovisionsinPart6Chapter5.
Partt6
Stru
ucturalDesign

13.1.4.1 ResistaancePriortoC
CompositeAcction
The
efactoredresiistanceofthesteelmembeerpriortotheattainmento
ofcompositeaactionshallbeedeterminedin
accordancewithChapter10offPart6.

13.1.4.2 Nomin
nalStrengthofCompositeSSections
Two o methods arre provided for
f determining the nominnal strength of composite sections: thee plastic stress
hodandthesttraincompatibilitymethod.
disttributionmeth
e tensile strength of the concrete shall be neglected in the de
The etermination of the nomin
nal strength of
com
mpositememb bers.

13.1.4.2.1 PlastticStressDistributionMeth
hod
For the plastic stress distrib
bution method, the nomin nal strength shall be com mputed assum ming that steeel
com
mponents havve reached a a stress of Fy in either teension or com mpression annd concrete components
c in
com
mpression havve reached a stress of 0.885 fc . For ro ed with concrete, a stress of 0.95 fc is
ound HSS fille
perrmittedtobe usedforconccretecompon nentsinuniformcompressiiontoaccoun ntfortheeffe ectsofconcrete
con
nfinement.

13.1.4.2.2 StrainCompatibilityMethod
Forthestraincom
mpatibilitymeethod,alineardistribution ofstrainsacrossthesectio
onshallbeassumed,withth he
maxximumconcreetecompressivestrainequ ualto0.003mmm/mm(in/in n).Thestressstrainrelation
nshipsforsteeel
and
dconcreteshaallbeobtained
dfromtestsorfrompublish hedresultsforrsimilarmaterials.

13.1.4.2.3 SheaarConnectorss
Sheear connectorss shall be heaaded steel stu
uds not less th
han four studd diameters inn length after installation, or
o
hottrolled steel channels.
c She
ear stud desiggn values shalll be taken ass per Sectionss 13.2.1.7 and
d 13.3.2.4. Stu
ud
con
nnectors shall conform totthe requiremeentsofSection 13.3.2.4(3) Channelconn nectors shall conformto
c th
he
requirementsofSection13.3.2 2.4(4).

13..2 DesiignofCompositeAxia
alMemberss
Thiss section states the design
n guidelines fo
or two types of composite axial membeers. These include encaseed
com
mpositecolum mnsandconcreetefilledhollo owstructuralsections.

13.2.1 Encase
edComposiiteColumn
ns

13.2
2.1.1 Scope
Thisssectionappliestodoublysymmetricsteeelcolumnsencasedinconcrete,provideedthat
(1)thesteelshap
peisacompacctornoncom
mpactsection;
(2)thecrosssecttionalareaofthesteelcore entofthetotalcompositecrosssection.
ecomprisesattleast1perce
(3) concrete enccasement of the
t steel core d with continuous longitud
e is reinforced dinal bars and
d lateral ties or
o
spirrals.Theminim mentshallbeatleast6mm2permmoftieespacing.
mumtransverrsereinforcem
(4)Theminimum
mreinforcementratioforco
ontinuouslonggitudinalreinfforcing,
sr,shallbe0.00
04,wheresrisgivenby:
Asr 13.2.1
sr =
Ag

Wh
here
mm2
ntinuousreinfforcingbars,m
=areaofcon
m2
Ag=grossareaofcompositemember,mm
SteelConcreeteCompositeSStructuralMemb
bers C
Chapter13

13.2.1.2 CompressiveStrength
Thedesign ablecompresssivestrength, Pn c ,foraaxiallyloadedencased
ncompressiveestrength,cPn,andallowa
compositeecolumnsshallbedetermin
nedforthelim
mitstateoffllexuralbucklin
ngbasedonccolumnslendeernessas
follows:

c=0.75(LR
RFD) c=2.00(A
ASD)

(a) When Pe 0.44 Po

Po 13
3.2.2
Pn = Po 0.658 e
P

(b) When Pe < 0.44 Po

Pn = 0.87
77 Pe 13
3.2.3

Where

Po = As Fy + Asr Fyr + 0.85 Ac f c 13

3.2.4

2 ( EI
E eff ) 13
3.2.5
Pe =
(KL)2

andwheree
As=areaaofthesteelssection,mm2
Ac=areaaofconcrete,,mm2
usreinforcingbars,mm2
Asr=areaaofcontinuou
Ec=mod
dulusofelasticityofconcre
ete 0.043 wc
1.5
f c MPa
Es=mod dulusofelasticityofsteel=210MPa
f
=speecifiedcompreessivestrengthofconcrete,,MPa
Fy=speccifiedminimum
myieldstressofsteelsectio
on,MPa
Fyr=speccifiedminimumyieldstresssofreinforcinggbars,MPa
Ic=mom mm4
mentofinertiaaoftheconcrretesection,m
Is=mom pe,mm4
mentofinertiaofsteelshap
Isr=mom ngbars,mm4
mentofinertiaofreinforcin
K=theeffectivelenggthfactordeteerminedinacccordancewith
hChapter10P
Part6
L=laterallyunbraced
dlengthoftheemember,mm
m
wc2500kg/m3
wc=weigghtofconcretteperunitvollume1500w
Where
EIeff=effecctivestiffnessofcompositeesection,Nmm2
EIeff=EsIs+0.5EsIsr+C1EcIc 133.2.6

Where

As 13
3.2.7
C1 = 0.1 + 2 0.3
Ac + As
Partt6
Stru
ucturalDesign

13.2
2.1.3 Tensile
eStrength
edesigntensillestrength, tPn,andallowabletensile strength,Pn//t,forencassedcompositeecolumnsshaall
The
bed
determinedfo
orthelimitstaateofyieldinggas
Pn = As Fy + Asr Fyry 13.2.8

0.90(LRFD) 1.67(ASD)

13.2
2.1.4 ShearSStrength
Theeavailablesheearstrengthsshallbecalculaatedbasedon
neitherthesh
hearstrength ofthesteelssectionalone as
spe
ecifiedinSection10.7plusttheshearstreengthprovideddbytiereinfo
orcement,ifpresent,ortheeshearstrengtth
oftthereinforced
dconcreteporrtionalone.

13.2
2.1.5 LoadT
Transfer
Loaadsappliedtoaxiallyloaded
dencasedcom
mpositecolum
mnsshallbetransferredbettweenthesteeelandconcrete
inaaccordancewiththefollowingrequiremeents:
a) Wheentheexternaalforceisapplieddirectlyto onnectorsshalllbeprovided
othesteelsecction,shearco
totrransferthereq
quiredshearfforce,V,asffollows:

AF 13.2.9
V = V 1 s y
Po

Wh
here
V==requiredshe
earforceintro
oducedtocolu
umn,N
n,mm2
As=areaofsteelcrosssection
Po=nominalaxia
= alcompressiveestrengthwith
houtconsiderrationoflengttheffects,N
Whhentheexternnalforceisap
pplieddirectlytotheconcreeteencaseme
ent,shearcon
nnectorsshall beprovidedtto
tran
nsfertherequ
uiredshearforrce, ,asfo
ollows:

AF 13.2.10
V =V s y
Po

b) Wheenloadisappliedtothecon ncreteofanencasedcompo ositecolumnbydirectbearringthedesign
n
bearringstrength,BPp,andtheallowablebeearingstrengtth,Pp/B,oftheconcreteshallbe:
Pp=1.7fAB 13.2.11
c
Where
B=0.65(LRFD) B=2.31(ASD)

where
m2
AB=loadedareaoffconcrete,mm

13.2
2.1.6 DetailingRequireme
ents

13.2
2.1.6.1 LonggitudinalBars
The
e concrete en
ncasement sh hall be reinforced with lonngitudinal bars and lateraal ties extending completeely
aroundthestructuralsteelcorre.Theclearccovershallnottbelessthan40mm.
elongitudinalbarsshall
The
a) Beccontinuousatfframedlevelswhenconsideeredtocarrylload;
b) Have eanareanotlessthan0.01
1timesthetottalgrosscrossssectionalareea;
c) Beloocatedateach
hcorner;and
d) Spaccedonallside
esnotfurtherapartthan5225t/fytimeson nehalftheleaastdimensionofthe
com
mpositesection n.
SteelConcreeteCompositeSStructuralMemb
bers C
Chapter13

13.2.1.6.2 Lateraltiess
Thelateraltiesshall
a)) Be15Mbars,exceptthat10Mbarsmaybeusedwh hennosidediimensionofth
hecompositesection
exceeds50
00mm;and
b)) Haveavertticalspacingn
notexceedingtheleastofth
hefollowing:

i) Twothirdso
oftheleastsid
dedimensiono
ofthecrossseection;
ii) 16longitudin
nalbardiametters;or
iii) 500mm.
Wherereqquired,shear connectorstrransferringtheerequiredshe
earforceshalllbedistributeedalongthellengthof
themembberatleastad
distanceof2.5
5timesthewidthofarectaangularHSSor2.5timesthediameteroffaround
HSSbothaaboveandbellowtheloadttransferregion
n.Themaximu umconnectorrspacingshallbe405mm.

13.2.1.6.3 ShearConn
nectors
Shearconnectorsshall beprovidedttotransfertheerequiredsheearforceSecttionspecified in13.2.2.5.TTheshear
connectorrsshallbedisttributedalonggthelengthoffthememberratleastadisstanceof2.5ttimesthedepthofthe
encasedcompositecolu umnabovean ndbelowthelloadtransferregion.Them maximumconn nectorspacinggshallbe
405 mm. Connectors tot transfer axxial load shall be placed on at least two
t faces of the steel shaape in a
configurattionsymmetricalaboutthesteelshapeaxes.

13.2.1.6.4 Columnsw
withMultipleB
BuiltupShapees
mposite crosss section is built
If the com b up from
m two or mo ore encased ssteel shapes, the shapes shall be
interconneected with la
acing, tie platees, batten pla
ates or similar components to prevent buckling of in
ndividual
shapesduetoloadsapp pliedpriortohhardeningofttheconcrete.

13.2.1.7 StrengthofSttudShearCon
nnectors
Thenomin earconnectorembeddedin
nalstrengthoffonestudshe nsolidconcretteis:

Qn = 0.5 Ascc f cEc Ascc Fu 13

3.2.12

where
hearconnector,mm2
osssectionalareaofstudsh
=cro
=speecifiedminimu
umtensilestreengthofastudshearconneector,MPa

13.2.2 ConcreteFillledHollow
wStructura
alSection

13.2.2.1 Scope
Section 13
3.2.2 applies to compositee members co
onsisting of stteel hollow sttructural secttions completely filled
withconcrrete,provideddthat
a)) ThecrossssectionalareaofthesteelH
HSSshallcomp priseatleast11percentofth
hetotalcomposite
crosssectio
on.
b)) Thewidthtothicknessrratioofthewaallsofrectangularhollowsttructuralsectioonsdoesnoteexceed
1350 F y
c)) Theoutsideediametertoothicknessrattionofcircularrhollowstructuralsectionsdoesnotexceeed
28000/Fy
d)) Theconcreetestrengthisbetween20aand80MPafo oraxiallyloadedcolumnsan ndbetween220and40
MPaforco
olumnssubjecttedtoaxialcoompressionan ndbending.

13.2.2.2 CompressiveStrength
n compressivee strength, c Pn and allowable compreessive strengtth, Pn /c , fo
The design or axially load
ded filled
compositeecolumnsshaallbedetermiinedforthelimitstateoffflexuralbuckllingbasedon Section13.2.1.2with
thefollow
wingmodifications:
Part6
StructuralDesign

Po = As Fy + Asr Fyr + C2 Ac f c 13.2.13

C2=0.85forrectangularsectionsand0.95forcircularsections
EI eff = Es I s + Es I sr + C3 Ec I c 13.2.14

As 13.2.15
C3 = 0.6 + 2 0.9
Ac + As

13.2.2.3 TensileStrength
Thedesigntensilestrength, tPn,andallowabletensilestrength,Pn/t ,forfilledcompositecolumnsshallbe
determinedforthelimitstateofyieldingas:
Pn = As Fy + Asr Fyr 13.2.16


t=0.90(LRFD) t=1.67(ASD)

13.2.2.4 ShearStrength
Theavailableshearstrengthshallbecalculatedbasedoneithertheshearstrengthofthesteelsectionaloneas
specified in Chapter 10 or the shear strength of the reinforced concrete portion alone. The shear strength of
reinforcedconcreteportionmaybedeterminedaccordingtoChapter6ofPart6.

13.2.2.5 LoadTransfer
Loads applied to filled composite columns shall be transferred between the steel and concrete. When the
external force is applied either to the steel section or to the concrete infill, transfer of force from the steel
section to the concrete core is required from direct bond interaction, shear connection or direct bearing. The
forcetransfermechanismprovidingthelargestnominalstrengthmaybeused.Theseforcetransfermechanisms
shallnotbesuperimposed.
When load is applied to the concrete of an encased or filled composite column by direct bearing the design
bearingstrength,BPp,andtheallowablebearingstrength,Pp/B,oftheconcreteshallbe:
Pp = 1.7 f cAE 13.2.17

B=0.65(LRFD) B=2.31(ASD)
where
ABistheloadedarea,mm2

13.2.2.6 DetailingRequirements
Whererequired,shearconnectorstransferringtherequiredshearforceshallbedistributedalongthelengthof
thememberatleastadistanceof2.5timesthewidthofarectangularHSSor2.5timesthediameterofaround
HSSbothaboveandbelowtheloadtransferregion.Themaximumconnectorspacingshallbe405mm.

13.3 DesignofCompositeFlexuralMembers
This section applies to composite beams consisting of steel sections interconnected with either a reinforced
concreteslaborasteeldeckwithaconcretecoverslab.Thesteelbeamsandthereinforcedconcreteslabareso
interconnected that the beamsand the slabacttogetherto resist bending.Simple and continuouscomposite
beamswithshearconnectorsandconcreteencasedbeams,constructedwithorwithouttemporaryshores,are
included.Designphilosophyforcompositecolumnssubjectedtobendingmomentsisalsostated.

6720 Vol.2
SteelConcreteCompositeStructuralMembers Chapter13

13.3.1 General

13.3.1.1 Deflections
Calculation of deflections shall take into account the effects of creep of concrete, shrinkage of concrete, and
increased flexibility resulting from partial shear connection and from interfacial slip. These effects shall be
established by test or analysis, where practicable. Consideration shall also be given to the effects of full or
partialcontinuityinthesteelbeamsandconcreteslabsinreducingcalculateddeflections.
Inlieuoftestsoranalysis,theeffectsofpartialshearconnectionandinterfacialslip,creep,andshrinkagemay
beassessedasfollows:
a) Forincreasedflexibilityresultingfrompartialshearconnectionandinterfacialslip,thedeflections
shallbecalculatedusinganeffectivemomentofinertiagivenby
0.25 ( I I ) 13.3.1
le = l s + 0.85 p t s

Where
Is =moment of inertia of a steel beam, or of a steel joist or truss adjusted to include the effect of
sheardeformations,whichmaybetakenintoaccountbydecreasingthemomentofinertiabasedon
thecrosssectionalareasofthetopandbottomchordsby15%orbyamoredetailedanalysis
P=fractionoffullshearconnection
=1.00forfullshearconnection
It=transformedmomentofinertiaofcompositebeambasedonthemodularrationn=E/Ec
b) Forcreep,elasticdeflectionscausedbydeadloadsandlongtermliveloads,ascalculatedinItem
(a),needtobeincreasedby15%and
c) Forshrinkageofconcrete,usingaselectedfreeshrinkagestrain,straincompatibilitybetweenthe
steelandconcrete,andanageadjustedeffectivemodulusofelasticityofconcreteasitshrinksand
creeps,thedeflectionofasimplysupportedcompositebeam,joist,ortrussshallbecalculatedas
follows:

L2 L2 f Ac y 13.3.2
s = = c
8 8 nsles

Where
L=spanofthebeam,joist,ortruss
=curvaturealonglengthofthebeam,joist,ortrussduetoshrinkageofconcrete
c=empiricalcoefficientusedtomatchtheorywithtestresults(accountingforcrackingofconcrete
intension,thenonlinearstressstrainrelationshipofconcrete,andotherfactors)
=freeshrinkagestrainofconcrete
Ac=effectiveareaofconcreteslab
Y = distance from centroid of effective of effective area of concrete slab to centroidal axis of the
compositebeam,joist,ortruss
ns=modularration,E/Ec
where

Ec ' = Ec (1 + ) 13.3.3

=ageadjustedeffectivemodulusofelasticityofconcrete
Where
=agingcoefficientofconcrete
=creepcoefficientofconcrete

I es = I s + 0.85 p 0.25 (I ts I s ) 13.3.4

BangladeshNationalBuildingCode2012 6721
Partt6
Stru
ucturalDesign

=effectiveemomentofin
nertiaofcomp
positebeam,truss,orjoistbaasedonthemo
odularrations
Where
W
Its=transforme edmomentofinertiabasedoonthemodularrations

13.3
3.1.2 Design
nEffectiveWid
dthofConcre
ete
Theeeffectivewid
dthoftheconcreteslabistthesumoftheeeffectivewid
dthsforeach sideofthebe
eamcenterline,
eacchofwhichshallnotexceed
d:
a) oneeighthofthebeamspan,ccentertocentterofsupports;
b) onehalfthedistaancetothecen
nterlineoftheeadjacentbeaam;or
c) thed
distancetotheedgeoftheslab.

13.33.1.3 ShearSStrength
Thee available sheear strength of
o composite beams with shear
s connecttors shall be determined based
b upon thhe
propertiesofthe steelsectionaaloneinaccord dancewithParrt6Chapter100Section10.77.Theavailableeshearstrengtth
of concreteencas
c sed and filled composite members
m shall be determineed based upon n the properties of the steel
secttionaloneinaaccordancewitthPart6Chap pter10Section
n10.7orbaseedupontheprropertiesofth heconcretean nd
longgitudinalsteelreinforcementt.

13.3
3.1.4 StrenggthduringCon
nstruction
Wh
hentemporaryyshoresaren
notuseddurin
ngconstructio
on,thesteelseectionalonesshallhaveadeequatestrengtth
tossupportallloa
adsappliedprriortothecon ncreteattainin
ng75percentofitsspecifieedstrength .Theavailab
ble
flexxuralstrengthofthesteelseectionshallbe
edetermined
c accordingtoPart6Chapter10Section110.6.

13.3.2 Streng
gthofComp
positeBeam
mswithShe
earConnecctors

13.3
3.2.1 PositivveFlexuralStrrength
The
e design posittive flexural strength,
s b Mn and the allowable
a possitive flexural strength, Mn /b , shall b
be
determinedforthelimitstateofyieldingasfollows:
b=0.90(LRFD)b==1.67(ASD)
a) For h 3.76 E
tw Fy

Mnshallbedetermminedfromtheplasticstressd distributionon
nthecompositte
sectio
onforthelimittstateofyieldiing(plasticmo
oment).

b) For h > 3.76 E

tw Fy

Mnshhallbedeterm nofelasticstreesses,considerringtheeffecttsofshoring,for
minedfromtheesuperposition
thelimitstateofyieelding(yieldm
moment).

3.2.2 NegatiiveFlexuralSttrength
13.3
The
e design nega
ative flexural strength,
s b Mn , and the allowable neggative flexuraal strength, Mn /b , shall be
b
determinedforthesteelsectio onalone,inacccordancewitththerequirementsofPart6Chapter10Section10.6.
Alteernatively,theeavailableneggativeflexuralstrengthshaallbedeterminedfromthe plasticstressdistributiono
on
thecompositeseection,forthelimitstateofyielding(plasticmoment),with

b=0
0.90(LRFD)b=1.67(ASD)
providedthat:
a) ThesteelbeamiscompactandisadequatelyybracedaccorrdingtoSectio on10.6.
b) Sheaarconnectorsconnectthesslabtothesteelbeamintheenegativemo omentregion.
c) Theslabreinforceementparalleltothesteelb
beam,withinttheeffectivew
widthofthesllab,isproperlyy
deveeloped.
SteelConcreteCompositeStructuralMembers Chapter13

13.3.2.3 StrengthofCompositeBeamswithFormedSteelDeck
(1)General
The available flexural strength of composite construction consisting of concrete slabs on formed steel deck
connectedtosteelbeamsshallbedeterminedbytheapplicableportionsofSection13.3.2.1and13.3.2.2,with
thefollowingrequirements:
a) Thissectionisapplicabletodeckswithnominalribheightnotgreaterthan75mm.Theaverage
widthofconcreteriborhaunch,wr,shallbenotlessthan50mm,butshallnotbetakenin
calculationsasmorethantheminimumclearwidthnearthetopofthesteeldeck.
b) Theconcreteslabshallbeconnectedtothesteelbeamwithweldedstudshearconnectors19mm
orlessindiameter(AWSD1.1).Studsshallbeweldedeitherthroughthedeckordirectlytothe
steelcrosssection.Studshearconnectors,afterinstallation,shallextendnotlessthan38mm
abovethetopofthesteeldeckandthereshallbeatleast13mmofconcretecoverabovethetop
oftheinstalledstuds.
c) Theslabthicknessabovethesteeldeckshallbenotlessthan50mm.
d) Steeldeckshallbeanchoredtoallsupportingmembersataspacingnottoexceed460mm.Such
anchorageshallbeprovidedbystudconnectors,acombinationofstudconnectorsandarcspot
(puddle)welds,orotherdevicesspecifiedbythedesigner.

(2)DeckRibsOrientedPerpendiculartoSteelBeam
Concretebelowthetopofthesteeldeckshallbeneglectedindeterminingcompositesectionpropertiesandin
calculatingAcfordeckribsorientedperpendiculartothesteelbeams.

(3)DeckRibsOrientedParalleltoSteelBeam
Concretebelowthetopofthesteeldeckmaybeincludedindeterminingcompositesectionpropertiesandshall
beincludedincalculatingAc.
Formed steel deck ribs over supporting beams may be split longitudinally and separated to form a concrete
haunch.
Whenthenominaldepthofsteeldeckis38mmorgreater,theaveragewidth,wr ,ofthesupportedhaunchor
rib shall be not less than 50 mm for the first stud in the transverse row plus four stud diameters for each
additionalstud.

13.3.2.4 ShearConnectors

(1)LoadTransferforPositiveMoment
Theentirehorizontalshearattheinterfacebetweenthesteelbeamandtheconcreteslabshallbeassumedto
be transferred by shear connectors, except for concreteencased beams as defined in Section 10.9.3.3. For
compositeactionwithconcretesubjecttoflexuralcompression,thetotalhorizontalshearforce,V,between
the point of maximum positive moment and the point of zero moment shall be taken as the lowest value
accordingtothelimitstatesofconcretecrushing,tensileyieldingofthesteelsection,orstrengthoftheshear
connectors:
Concretecrushing
V = 0.85 f cAc 13.3.5a

Tensileyieldingofthesteelsection
V = Fy As 13.3.5b

Strengthofshearconnectors

V = Qn 13.3.5c

where
Ac=areaofconcreteslabwithineffectivewidth,mm2

BangladeshNationalBuildingCode2012 6723
Partt6
Stru
ucturalDesign

As=areaofsteeelcrosssectiion,mm2
Qn =sumofnoominalstrenggthsofshearcconnectorsbeetweenthepoointofmaximuumpositivem
momentandth
he
pointofzeromoment,N

(2)LoadTransferrforNegativeMoment
In continuous composite
c beaams where longitudinal rreinforcing steel in the negative mom ment regions is
connsidered to acct compositely with the steel beam, th he total horizzontal shear fforce betweeen the point of
maxximumnegatiivemomentaandthepoint ofzeromom mentshallbettakenasthelowervalueaccordingtoth he
limiitstatesofyieeldingofthestteelreinforcementinthesllab,orstrengtthoftheshearconnectors:
a) Tenssileyieldingofftheslabreinforcement
V = Ar Fyr 13.3.6a

wheere
Ar = area of adequately
a de
eveloped longgitudinal reinfforcing steel within
w the effe o the concrete
fective width of
b,mm2
slab
Fyrr =specifiedminimumyielldstressofthe
ereinforcingssteel,MPa
b) Strengthofshearconnectors
V = Qn 13.3.6b

(3)StrengthofSttudShearCon
nnectors
The
enominalstreengthofonesttudshearconnectorembed
ddedinsolidcconcreteorinacompositesslabis

Qn = 0.5 Asc f c Ec R g R p Asc Fu 13.3.7

wheere
nnector,mm2
=crosssecttionalareaofsstudshearcon
=moduluso
ofelasticityoffconcrete= 0.043
0 wc 1.5
f c ,MPa
=specifiedm
minimumtenssilestrengtho
ofastudshearrconnector
=1.0;(a)fo
oronestudwweldedinasteeeldeckribwiththedeckoorientedperpendiculartotthesteelshappe;
(b)foranynumb berofstudsw
weldedinarowwdirectlytothesteelshape;(c)forany numberofstuudsweldedin
na
row
wthroughsteeeldeckwithth hedeckorientedparalleltoothesteelshaapeandtheratiooftheavverageribwidtth
torribdepth1.5 5
=0.85;(a)fo
ortwostudswweldedinastteeldeckribw
withthedeckoorientedperp pendiculartotthesteelshap
pe;
(b)foronestudw weldedthrougghsteeldeckw withthedeckorientedparaalleltothesteeelshapeandtheratioofth
he
ave erageribwidth htoribdepth<1.5
=0.7forthrreeormoresstudswelded inasteeldecckribwiththeedeckorienteedperpendicu
ulartothesteeel
shape
=1.0forsstudswelded directlytothesteelshape(inotherwoords,notthrouughsteeldeckorsheet)an nd
havvingahaunchdetailwithnootmorethan5 50percentofthetopflangeecoveredbyd
deckorsheetsteelclosuress
=0.75;(a)foorstudsweldedinacompo hthedeckorieentedperpendiculartothebeamandemid
ositeslabwith m
ht 50mm;(b)f
forstudsweld
dedthroughstteeldeck,orssteelsheetussedasgirderffillermaterial andembeddeed
inaacompositeslaabwiththede eckorientedp
paralleltothebeam
=0.6forstudsweldedinacompositteslabwithdeckorientedp
perpendicularrtothebeamandemidht<5
50
mm m
emiddht=distanceefromtheed
dgeofstudsh hanktothesteeldeckweb,measuredattmidheightoofthedeckrib,
and
dintheloadb bearingdirectiionofthestud(inotherwo
ords,inthediirectionofmaaximummome
entforasimp
ply
sup
pportedbeam),mm
wc=weightofconcreteperunitvolume(1500wc2500kg/m3)
SteelConcreeteCompositeSStructuralMemb
bers C
Chapter13

(4)StrengtthofChannelShearConnecctors
nalstrengthoffonechannelshearconnecctorembedde
Thenomin edinasolidco
oncreteslabis

Q n = 0.3(t f + 0.5t w ) Lc f c Ec 113.3.8

where
=flan
ngethicknesso
ofchannelsheearconnectorr,mm
=web
bthicknessoffchannelsheaarconnector,m
mm
=lenggthofchannelshearconnector,mm
Thestrenggthofthechannelshearconnectorshallbedeveloped dbyweldingth
hechanneltothebeamflangefora
forceequaalto ,conssideringeccen
ntricityontheeconnector.

(5)RequiredNumberoffShearConneectors
The numbber of shear connectors reequired betw
ween the secttion of maxim
mum bending moment, po ositive or
negative,aandtheadjacentsectionoffzeromomen ntshallbeequ
ualtothehoriizontalshearfforceasdeterminedin
Sections1
10.9.3.2d(1)and10.9.3.2d(2)dividedby thenominal strengthofo oneshearcon nnectorasdettermined
fromSectiion10.9.3.2d((3)orSection10.9.3.2d(4).

(6)ShearC
ConnectorPlaacementandSSpacing
Shearconnectorsrequiiredoneachssideofthepo ointofmaximumbendingm moment,posiitiveornegative,shall
buted uniform
be distrib mly between that point and the adjaccent points of zero mome ent, unless otherwise
specified. However, thee number of shear connecctors placed between
b any concentrated
c load and thee nearest
pointofzeromoment shallbesufficcienttodevellopthemaxim mummomenttrequiredatttheconcentra atedload
point.
Shearconnectorsshall haveatleast 25mmoflateeralconcrete cover,excepttforconnecto orsinstalledin
ntheribs
offormed dsteeldecks.TThediameter ofstudsshalllnotbegreatterthan2.5ttimesthethicknessofthefflangeto
whichtheyarewelded,,unlesslocateedovertheweb.Theminim mumcenterto ocenterspaciingofstudconnectors
shall be six
s diameters along the lo ongitudinal axis of the su
upporting com
mposite beam m and four diameters
transverse etothelongitudinalaxisofthesupportin
ngcompositebeam,exceptthatwithinth heribsofform
medsteel
decksorieentedperpend diculartothe steelbeamtheminimum centertocen nterspacingsh hallbefourdiameters
inany dire
ection. The maximum
m centtertocenter spacing of shear connectors shallnot exceed eighttimes the
totalslabtthicknessnor900mm.

13.3.3 SlabReinforrcement

13.3.3.1 General
Slabs shall be adequattely reinforce
ed to support all loads annd to control both crackiing transversee to the
compositeebeamspanaandlongitudin nalcrackingovverthesteelssection.Reinfo
orcementshalllnotbelesstthanthat
requiredb
bythespecifieedfireresistan
ncedesignofttheassembly..

13.3.3.2 Parallelreinfo
orcement
Reinforcem mentparalleltothespano ofthebeamin nregionsofne egativebendingmomentofthecompositebeam
shallbeannchoredbyem mbedmentin concretethatisincompreession.Thereinforcemento ofslabsthataaretobe
continuouus over the en ns or joists fittted with flexible end connections shall be given
nd support off steel section
specialatttention.Reinforcementatttheendsofbeeamssupporttingribbedslaabsperpendiculartothebeeamshall
benotlesssthantwo15Mbarsorequ uivalent.

13.3.3.3 Transversere
einforcementconcreteslab
bonmetaldeck
Unlessitissknownfrom mexperiencethatlongitudin nalcrackingcaausedbycompositeactiondirectlyoverthesteel
section is unlikely, additional transsverse reinforrcement or other
o effectivve means shaall be provideed. Such
additionalreinforcemen ntshallbeplaacedinthelo
owerpartoftheslabandaanchoredsoastodevelopttheyield
strengthoofthereinforccement.Theaareaofsuchrreinforcementtshallbenot lessthan0.00 02timesthe concrete
areabeinggreinforcedandshallbeun niformlydistribbuted.
Part6
StructuralDesign

13.3.3.4 TransversereinforcementRibbedslabs
a) Wheretheribsareparalleltothebeamspan,theareaoftransversereinforcementshallbenot
lessthan0.002timestheconcretecoverslabareabeingreinforcedandshallbeuniformly
distributed.
b) Wheretheribsareperpendiculartothebeamspan,theareaoftransversereinforcementshallbe
notlessthan0.001timestheconcretecoverslabareabeingreinforcedandshallbeuniformly
distributed.

13.3.4 FlexuralStrengthofConcreteEncasedandFilledMembers
The nominal flexural strength of concreteencased and filled members shall be determined using one of the
followingmethods:
a) Thesuperpositionofelasticstressesonthecompositesection,consideringtheeffectsofshoring,
forthelimitstateofyielding(yieldmoment),where

b=0.90(LRFD) b=1.67(ASD)
b) Theplasticstressdistributiononthesteelsectionalone,forthelimitstateofyielding(plastic
moment),where

b=0.90(LRFD) b=1.67(ASD)
c) IfshearconnectorsareprovidedandtheconcretemeetstherequirementsofSection10.9.1.2,the
nominalflexuralstrengthshallbecomputedbasedupontheplasticstressdistributiononthe
compositesectionorfromthestraincompatibilitymethod,where

b=0.85(LRFD) b=1.76(ASD)

13.3.5 CombinedAxialForceandFlexure
Theinteractionbetweenaxialforcesandflexureincompositemembersshallaccountforstabilityasrequiredby
ChapterC.Thedesigncompressivestrength, cPn,andallowablecompressivestrength,Pn/c andthedesign
flexuralstrength,bMnandallowableflexuralstrength,Mn/b,aredeterminedasfollows:
c=0.75(LRFD)c=2.00(ASD)
b=0.90(LRFD)b=1.67(ASD)

(1)Thenominalstrengthofthecrosssectionofacompositemembersubjectedtocombinedaxialcompression
and flexure shall be determined using either the plastic stress distribution method or the straincompatibility
method.

(2)Toaccountfortheinfluenceoflengtheffectsontheaxialstrengthofthemember,thenominalaxialstrength
ofthemembershallbedeterminedbySection10.9withPotakenasthenominalaxialstrengthofthecross
sectiondeterminedinSection10.9.4(13)above.

13.3.6 SpecialCases
When composite construction does not conform to the requirements of Section 13.2 and Section 13.3, the
strengthofshearconnectorsanddetailsofconstructionshallbeestablishedbytesting.

13.4 CompositeConnections
ThisSectionisapplicabletoconnectionsinbuildingsthatutilizecompositeordualsteelandconcretesystems.
Composite connections shall be demonstrated to have Design Strength, ductility and toughness that is
comparable to that exhibited by similar structural steel or reinforced concrete connections that meet the
requirementsinPart6Chapter10andChapter5,respectively.Methodsforcalculatingtheconnectionstrength
shallmeettherequirementsinthisSection.

6726 Vol.2
SteelConcreteCompositeStructuralMembers Chapter13

13.4.1 General
Connections shall have adequate deformation capacity to resist the critical Required Strengths at the Design
Story Drift. Additionally, connections that are required for the lateral stability of the building under seismic
forcesshallmeettherequirementsinSection13.5baseduponthespecificsysteminwhichtheconnectionis
used.WhentheRequiredStrengthisbaseduponnominalmaterialstrengthsandnominalmemberdimensions,
thedeterminationoftherequiredconnectionstrengthshallaccountforanyeffectsthatresultfromtheincrease
intheactualNominalStrengthoftheconnectedmember.

13.4.2 NominalStrengthofConnections
The Nominal Strength of connections in composite Structural Systems shall be determined on the basis of
rational models that satisfy both equilibrium of internal forces and the strength limitation of component
materials and elements based upon potential limit states. Unless the connection strength is determined by
analysisandtesting,themodelsusedforanalysisofconnectionsshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:
(1)Whenrequired,forceshallbetransferredbetweenstructuralsteelandreinforcedconcretethroughdirect
bearingofheadedshearstudsorsuitablealternativedevices,byothermechanicalmeans,byshearfrictionwith
the necessary clamping force provided by reinforcement normal to the plane of shear transfer, or by a
combination of these means. Any potential bond strength between structural steel and reinforced concrete
shallbeignoredforthepurposeoftheconnectionforcetransfermechanism.
(2) Thenominalbearingand shearfriction strengthsshallmeet the requirements in Part6 Chapter 6 and10,
except that the strength reduction (resistance) factors shall be as given in Part 6 Chapter6. Unless a higher
strengthissubstantiatedbycyclictesting,thenominalbearingandshearfrictionstrengthsshallbereducedby
25percentforthecompositeseismicsystems.
(3) The Design Strengths of structural steel components in composite connections, as determined in Section
13.2andSection13.3andtheLRFDSpecification,shallequalorexceedtheRequiredStrengths.Structuralsteel
elementsthatareencasedinconfinedreinforcedconcretearepermittedtobeconsideredtobebracedagainst
out of plane buckling. Face Bearing Plates consisting of stiffeners between the flanges of steel beams are
requiredwhenbeamsareembeddedinreinforcedconcretecolumnsorwalls.
(4) The nominal shear strength of reinforcedconcreteencased steel Panel Zones in beamtocolumn
connections shall be calculated as the sum of the Nominal Strengths of the structural steel and confined
reinforcedconcreteshearelementsasdeterminedinPart6Chapter10andPart6Chapter5,respectively.The
strengthreduction(resistance)factorsforreinforcedconcreteshallbeasgiveninPart6Chapter6.
(5) Reinforcement shall be provided to resist all tensile forces in reinforced concrete components of the
connections.Additionally,theconcreteshallbeconfinedwithtransversereinforcement.Allreinforcementshall
befullydevelopedintensionorcompression,asappropriate,beyondthepointatwhichitisnolongerrequired
toresisttheforces.DevelopmentlengthsshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithPart6Chapter6.Connections
shallmeetthefollowingadditionalrequirements:
(a)Whentheslabtransfershorizontaldiaphragmforces,theslabreinforcementshallbedesignedandanchored
tocarrytheinplanetensileforcesatallcriticalsectionsintheslab,includingconnectionstocollectorbeams,
columns,bracesandwalls.
(b) For connections between structural steel or Composite Beams and reinforced concrete or Reinforced
ConcreteEncased Composite Columns, transverse hoop reinforcement shall be provided in the connection
regiontomeettherequirementsinChapter6ofPart6exceptforthefollowingmodifications:
(i) Structural steel sections framing into the connections are considered to provide confinement over a width
equaltothatoffacebearingstiffenerplatesweldedtothebeamsbetweentheflanges.
(ii) Lap splices are permitted for perimeter ties when confinement of the splice is provided by Face Bearing
Platesorothermeansthatpreventsspallingoftheconcretecover.
(c) The longitudinal bar sizes and layout in reinforced concrete and Composite Columns shall be detailed to
minimize slippage of the bars through the beamtocolumn connection due to high force transfer associated
withthechangeincolumnmomentsovertheheightoftheconnection.

BangladeshNationalBuildingCode2012 6727
Part6
StructuralDesign

13.5 SeismicProvisionsforCompositeStructuralSystems
These Provisions are intended for the design and construction of composite structural steel and reinforced
concrete members and connections in the Seismic Load Resisting Systems in buildings for which the design
forces resulting from earthquake motions have been determined on the basis of various levels of energy
dissipationintheinelasticrangeofresponse.

13.5.1 Scope
ProvisionsshallbeappliedinconjunctionwiththeAISCLoadandResistanceFactorDesign(LRFD)Specification
forStructuralSteelBuildings,hereinafterreferredtoastheLRFDSpecification.Allmembersandconnectionsin
theSeismicLoadResistingSystemshallhaveaDesignStrengthasrequiredintheLRFDSpecificationandshall
meettherequirementsintheseProvisions.TheapplicablerequirementsinPart6Chapter10shallbeusedfor
the design of structural steel components in composite systems. Reinforcedconcrete members subjected to
seismicforcesshallmeettherequirementsinChapter5and10ofPart6exceptasmodifiedintheseprovisions.
When the design is based upon elastic analysis, the stiffness properties of the component members of
compositesystemsshallreflecttheirconditionattheonsetofsignificantyieldingofthebuilding.

13.5.2 SeismicDesignCategories
The Required Strength and other seismic provisions for Seismic Design Categories, Seismic Use Groups or
SeismicZonesandthelimitationsonheightandirregularityshallbeasstipulatedinthePart6Chapter10.

13.5.3 Loads,LoadCombinations,andNominalStrengths
The loads and load combinations shall be as stipulated by the Applicable Building Code. Where Amplified
SeismicLoadsarerequiredbytheseprovisions,thehorizontalearthquakeloadE(asdefinedinPart6Chapter
10)shallbemultipliedbytheoverstrengthfactoroprescribedbythePart6Chapter10.

13.5.4 Materials

13.5.4.1 StructuralSteel
StructuralsteelusedincompositeSeismicLoadResistingSystemsshallmeettherequirementsinSection10.20
ofPart6inadditionSection13.1ofPart6.Thestructuralsteelsthatareexplicitlypermittedforuseinseismic
design have been selected based upon their inelastic properties and weld ability. In general, they meet the
following characteristics: (1) a ratio of yield stress to tensile stress not greater than 0.85; (2) a pronounced
stressstrainplateauattheyieldstress;(3)alargeinelasticstraincapability(forexample,tensileelongationof
20percentorgreaterina2in.(50mm)gagelength);and(4)goodweldability.Othersteelsshouldnotbeused
withoutevidencethattheabovecriteriaaremet.

13.5.4.2 ConcreteandSteelReinforcement
Concrete and steel reinforcement used in composite Seismic Load Resisting Systems shall meet the
requirementsinPart6Chapter5,andthefollowingrequirements:
(1)Thespecifiedminimumcompressivestrengthofconcreteincompositemembersshallequalorexceed2.5
ksi(17MPa).
(2) For the purposes of determining the Nominal Strength of composite members, fc shall not be taken as
greaterthan10ksi(69MPa)fornormalweightconcretenor4ksi(28MPa)forlightweightconcrete.
Concrete and steel reinforcement used in the composite Seismic Load Resisting Systems described shall also
meettherequirementsinPart6Chapter6.

13.5.5 CompositeMembers

13.5.5.1 CompositeFloorandRoofSlabs
The design of composite floor and roof slabs shall meet the requirements of ASCE 391. Composite slab
diaphragmsshallmeettherequirementsinthisSection.
DetailsshallbedesignedtotransferforcesbetweenthediaphragmandBoundaryMembers,CollectorElements,
andelementsofthehorizontalframingsystem.

6728 Vol.2
SteelConcreteCompositeStructuralMembers Chapter13

Thenominalshearstrengthofcompositediaphragmsandconcretefilledsteeldeckdiaphragmsshallbetaken
asthenominalshearstrengthofthereinforcedconcreteabovethetopofthesteeldeckribsinaccordancewith
Part6Chapter5.Alternatively,thecompositediaphragmdesignshearstrengthshallbedeterminedbyinplane
sheartestsofconcretefilleddiaphragms.

13.5.5.2 CompositeBeams
CompositeBeamsshallmeettherequirementsinSection13.3.CompositeBeamsthatarepartofCSMFshall
alsomeetthefollowingrequirements:
(1)Thedistancefromthemaximumconcretecompressionfibertotheplasticneutralaxisshallnotexceed:
Ycon + db
1700 Fy 13.5.1
1 +

Es
where
Ycon=distancefromthetopofthesteelbeamtothetopofconcrete,mm
db=depthofthesteelbeam,mm
Fy=specifiedminimumyieldstrengthofthesteelbeam,MPa
Es=modulusofelasticityofthesteelbeam,MPa
(2) Beam flanges shall meet the requirements in Part 6 Section 10.20.9.4.2, except when fully reinforced
concreteencased compression elements have a reinforced concrete cover of at least 2 in. (50 mm) and
confinement is provided by hoop reinforcement in regions where plastic hinges are expected to occur under
seismicdeformations.HoopreinforcementshallmeettherequirementsinPart6Chapter6.

13.5.5.3 ReinforcedConcreteEncasedCompositeColumns
This Section is applicable to columns that: (1) consist of reinforcedconcrete encased structural steel sections
withastructuralsteelareathatcomprisesatleast4percentofthetotalcompositecolumncrosssection;and
(2) meet the additional limitations in Section 13.2.2.1. Such columns shall meet the requirements in Section
13.2.2, except as modified in this Section. Additional requirements, as specified for intermediate and special
seismicsystemsinSections13.5.5.3.2and13.5.5.3.3,shallapplyasrequired.
Columns thatconsist of reinforcedconcreteencased structuralsteel sectionswith a structuralsteel area that
comprises less than 4 percent of the total composite column crosssection shall meet the requirements for
reinforcedconcretecolumnsinPart6Chapter5exceptasmodifiedfor:
(1)ThesteelshapeshearconnectorsinSection13.5.4.3.1(2).
(2)Thecontributionofthereinforcedconcreteencasedstructuralsteelsectiontothestrengthofthecolumnas
providedinPart6Chapter6.
(3)Theseismicrequirementsforreinforcedconcretecolumnsasspecifiedinthedescriptionofthecomposite
seismicsystemsinSections13.5.5.3.1through13.5.5.3.3.

13.5.5.3.1 OrdinarySeismicSystemRequirements
The following requirements for ReinforcedConcreteEncased Composite Columns are applicable to all
compositesystems:
(1) The nominal shear strength of the column shall be determined as the nominal shear strength of the
structural shape plus the nominal shear strength that is provided by the tie reinforcement in the reinforced
concrete encasement. The nominal shear strength of the structural steel section shall be determined in
accordance with Section 10.20 of Chapter 6. The nominal shear strength of the tie reinforcement shall be
determinedinaccordancewithPart6Chapter5.InPart6Chapter5,thedimensionbwshallequalthewidthof
theconcretecrosssectionminusthewidthofthestructuralshapemeasuredperpendiculartothedirectionof
shear. The nominal shear strength shall be multiplied by v equal to 0.75 to determine the design shear
strength.
(2)CompositeColumnsthataredesignedtosharetheappliedloadsbetween the structuralsteelsectionand
reinforcedconcreteshallhaveshearconnectorsthatmeetthefollowingrequirements:

BangladeshNationalBuildingCode2012 6729
Part6
StructuralDesign

(a) If an external member is framed directly to the structural steel section to transfer a vertical reaction Vu,
shearconnectorsshallbeprovidedtotransfertheforceVu(1AsFy/Pn)betweenthestructuralsteelsection
and the reinforced concrete, where As is the area of the structural steel section, Fy is the specified minimum
yield strength of the structural steel section, and Pn is the nominal compressive strength of the Composite
Column.
(b)IfanexternalmemberisframeddirectlytothereinforcedconcretetotransferaverticalreactionVu,shear
connectors shall be provided to transfer the force Vu As Fy /Pn between the structural steel section and the
reinforcedconcrete,whereAs,FyandPnareasdefinedabove.
(c)Themaximumspacingofshearconnectorsshallbe16in.(406mm)withattachmentalongtheoutsideflange
facesoftheembeddedshape.
(3)Themaximumspacingoftransversetiesshallbetheleastofthefollowing:
(a)onehalftheleastdimensionofthesection
(b)16longitudinalbardiameters
(c)48tiediameters
Transversetiesshallbelocatedverticallywithinonehalfthetiespacingabovethetopofthefootingorlowest
beam or slab in any story and shall be spaced as provided herein within onehalf the tie spacing below the
lowestbeamorslabframingintothecolumn.
Transverse bars shall have a diameter that is not less than onefiftieth of greatest side dimension of the
compositemember,exceptthattiesshallnotbesmallerthanNo.3barsandneednotbelargerthanNo.5bars.
Alternatively, welded wire fabric of equivalent area is permitted as transverse reinforcement except when
prohibitedforintermediateandspecialsystems.
(4)AllLoadCarryingReinforcementshallmeetthedetailingandsplicerequirementsinPart6Chapter5.Load
CarryingReinforcementshallbeprovidedateverycornerofarectangularcrosssection.Themaximumspacing
ofotherloadcarryingorrestraininglongitudinalreinforcementshallbeonehalfoftheleastsidedimensionof
thecompositemember.
(5) Splices and end bearing details for reinforcedconcreteencased structural steel sections shall meet the
requirementsinChapter5ofPart6.Ifadversebehavioraleffectsduetotheabruptchangeinmemberstiffness
and nominal tensile strength occur when reinforcedconcrete encasement of a structural steel section is
terminated, either at a transition to a pure reinforced concrete column or at the Column Base, they shall be
consideredinthedesign.

13.5.5.3.2 IntermediateSeismicSystemRequirements
ReinforcedConcreteEncased Composite Columns in intermediate seismic systems shall meet the following
requirementsinadditiontothoseinSection13.5.5.3.1:
(1)Themaximumspacingoftransversebarsatthetopandbottomshallbetheleastofthefollowing:
a) onehalftheleastdimensionofthesection
b) 8longitudinalbardiameters
c) 24tiebardiameters
d) 12in.(305mm)
These spacings shall be maintained over a vertical distance equal to the greatest of the following lengths,
measuredfromeachjointfaceandonbothsidesofanysectionwhereflexuralyieldingisexpectedtooccur:
a) onesixththeverticalclearheightofthecolumn
b) themaximumcrosssectionaldimension
c) 18in.(457mm)
(2)Tiespacingovertheremainingcolumnlengthshallnotexceedtwicethespacingdefinedabove.
(3)Weldedwirefabricisnotpermittedastransversereinforcementinintermediateseismicsystems.

13.5.5.3.3 SpecialSeismicSystemRequirements
Reinforcedconcreteencased columns for special seismic systems shall meet the following requirements in
additiontothoseinSections13.5.4.3.2andSections13.5.4.4.3:
(1) The required axial strength for ReinforcedConcreteEncased Composite Columns and splice details shall
meettherequirementsinSection13.2.

6730 Vol.2
SteelConcreteCompositeStructuralMembers Chapter13

(2)LongitudinalLoadCarryingReinforcementshallmeettherequirementsinPart6Chapter6.
(3) Transverse reinforcement shall be hoop reinforcement as defined in Part 6 Chapter 6 and shall meet the
followingrequirements:
a) TheminimumareaoftiereinforcementAshshallmeetthefollowingrequirement:

Fy As f c'
Ash = 0.09hcc s1
F 13.5.2
Pn yh

where
hcc = crosssectional dimension of the confined core measured centertocenter of the tie reinforcement,
mm
s=spacingoftransversereinforcementmeasuredalongthelongitudinalaxisofthestructuralmember,mm
Fy=specifiedminimumyieldstrengthofthestructuralsteelcore,MPa
As=crosssectionalareaofthestructuralcore,mm2
Pn=nominalaxialcompressivestrengthoftheCompositeColumncalculatedinaccordancewiththeLRFD
Specification,N
fc=specifiedcompressivestrengthofconcrete,MPa
Fyh=specifiedminimumyieldstrengthoftheties,MPa
Equation13.5.2neednotbesatisfiediftheNominalStrengthofthereinforcedconcreteencasedstructural
steelsectionaloneisgreaterthan1.0D+0.5L.
b) Themaximumspacingoftransversereinforcementalongthelengthofthecolumnshallbethe
lesserof6longitudinalloadcarryingbardiametersand152mm(6in.).
c) WhenspecifiedinSections13.5.5.3.3(4),(5)or(6),themaximumspacingoftransverse
reinforcementshallbethelesserofonefourththeleastmemberdimensionand102mm(4in.).
Forthisreinforcement,crossties,legsofoverlappinghoops,andotherconfiningreinforcement
shallbespacednotmorethan355mm(14in.)oncenterinthetransversedirection.
(4)ReinforcedConcreteEncasedCompositeColumnsinBracedFrameswithaxialcompressionforcesthatare
largerthan0.2timesPoshallhavetransversereinforcementasspecifiedinSection13.5.5.3.3(3),overthetotal
element length. This requirement need not be satisfied if the Nominal Strength of the reinforcedconcrete
encasedsteelsectionaloneisgreaterthan1.0D+0.5L.
(5)CompositeColumnssupportingreactionsfromdiscontinuedstiffmembers,suchaswallsorBracedFrames,
shallhavetransversereinforcementasspecifiedinSection13.5.5.3.3(3)(c)overthefulllengthbeneaththelevel
atwhichthediscontinuityoccursiftheaxialcompressionforceexceeds0.1timesPo.Transversereinforcement
shall extend into the discontinued member for at least the length required to develop full yielding in the
reinforcedconcreteencasedstructuralsteelsectionandlongitudinalreinforcement.Thisrequirementneednot
besatisfiediftheNominalStrengthofthereinforcedconcreteencasedstructuralsteelsectionaloneisgreater
than1.0D+0.5L.
(6) ReinforcedConcreteEncased Composite Columns that are used in CSMF shall meet the following
requirements:
a) Transversereinforcementshallmeettherequirementsin13.5.5.3.3(3)(c)atthetopandbottomof
thecolumnovertheregionspecifiedinSection6.4b.
b) Thestrongcolumn/weakbeamdesignrequirementsinshallbesatisfied.ColumnBasesshallbe
detailedtosustaininelasticflexuralhinging.
c) TheminimumrequiredshearstrengthofthecolumnshallmeettherequirementsinPart6Chapter
5.
(7)Whenthecolumnterminatesonafootingormatfoundation,thetransversereinforcementasspecifiedin
thissectionshallextendintothefootingormatatleast305mm(12in.).Whenthecolumnterminatesonawall,
thetransversereinforcementshallextendintothewallforatleastthelengthrequiredtodevelopfullyieldingin
thereinforcedconcreteencasedstructuralsteelsectionandlongitudinalreinforcement.
(8)Weldedwirefabricisnotpermittedastransversereinforcementforspecialseismicsystems.

BangladeshNationalBuildingCode2012 6731
Part6
StructuralDesign

13.5.5.4 ConcreteFilledCompositeColumns
This Section is applicable to columns that: (1) consist of concretefilled steel rectangular or circular hollow
structuralsections(HSS)withastructuralsteelareathatcomprisesatleast4percentof thetotalcomposite
columncrosssection;and(2)meettheadditionallimitationsinSection13.2.Suchcolumnsshallbedesignedto
meettherequirementsinSection13.2,exceptasmodifiedinthisSection.
The design shear strength of the Composite Column shall be the design shear strength of thestructuralsteel
sectionalone.
Inthespecialseismicsystemsdescribedin,membersandcolumnsplicesforConcreteFilledCompositeColumns
shallalsomeettherequirementsinPart6Section10.20.
ConcreteFilledCompositeColumnsusedinCSMFshallmeetthefollowingadditionalrequirements:
(1)TheminimumrequiredshearstrengthofthecolumnshallmeettherequirementsinPart6Chapter5.
(2)Thestrongcolumn/weakbeamdesignrequirementsshallbemet.ColumnBasesshallbedesignedtosustain
inelasticflexuralhinging.
(3)TheminimumwallthicknessofconcretefilledrectangularHSSshallequal b F y / (2 Es ) fortheflatwidthb
ofeachface,wherebisasdefinedinPart6Chapter10Table10.2.1.

13.5.6 CompositeSteelPlateShearWalls(CSPW)

13.5.6.1 Scope
ThisSectionisapplicabletostructuralwallsconsistingofsteelplateswithreinforcedconcreteencasementon
one or both sides of the plate and structural steel or composite Boundary Members. CSPW shall meet the
requirementsofthissection.

13.5.6.2 WallElements

13.5.6.2.1 NominalShearStrength
The nominal shear strength of CSPW with a stiffened plate conforming to Section 13.5.4.2.2 shall be
determinedas:
Vns = 0.6 Asp Fy 13.5.3

where
Vns=nominalshearstrengthofthesteelplate,N
Asp=horizontalareaofstiffenedsteelplate,mm2
Fy=specifiedminimumyieldstrengthoftheplate,MPa
The nominal shear strength of CSPW with a plate that does not meet the stiffening requirements in Section
13.5.4.2.2shallbebaseduponthestrengthoftheplate,excludingthestrengthofthereinforcedconcrete,and
meettherequirementsinthePart6Chapter10,includingtheeffectsofbucklingoftheplate.

13.5.6.2.2 DetailingRequirements
Thesteelplateshallbeadequatelystiffenedbyencasementorattachmenttothereinforcedconcreteifitcan
bedemonstratedwithanelasticplatebucklinganalysisthatthecompositewallcanresistanominalshearforce
equal to Vns . The concrete thickness shall be a minimum of 102 mm (4 in.) on each side when concrete is
providedonbothsidesofthesteelplateand200mm(8in.)whenconcreteisprovidedononesideofthesteel
plate.Headedshearstudconnectorsorothermechanicalconnectorsshallbeprovidedtopreventlocalbuckling
andseparationoftheplateandreinforcedconcrete.Horizontalandverticalreinforcementshallbeprovidedin
the concrete encasement to meet the detailing requirements in Part 6 Chapter 5. The reinforcement ratio in
bothdirectionsshallnotbelessthan0.0025;themaximumspacingbetweenbarsshallnotexceed455mm(18
in.).
ThesteelplateshallbecontinuouslyconnectedonalledgestostructuralsteelframingandBoundaryMembers
withweldsand/orslipcriticalhighstrengthboltstodevelopthenominalshearstrengthoftheplate.TheDesign
StrengthofweldedandboltedconnectorsshallmeettheadditionalrequirementsinPart6Chapter10.

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