Guidelines on

Good Labelling Practice

for Pesticides

Food
and
Agriculture
Organization
of
the
United
Nations
 Guidelines on
Good Labelling Practice
for Pesticides

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Rome, 1995
 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Guidelines on Good Labelling Practice for Pesticides

Page
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 About These Guidelines 1
1.2 What is a Label ? 1
1.3 The Importance of Clear and Accurate Labels 1
1.4 General Considerations 2

SECTION 2: LABEL CONTENT

2.1 What is in the Container ? 5
2.2 Safety Information 5
2.3 Instructions for Use 6
2.4 Other Information 7

SECTION 3: HOW TO WRITE A LABEL

3.1 Layout of Information 9
3.1.1. General Points 9
3.1.2. Label Layout 10
3.1.3. Labels for Small Packs/Supplementary Leaflets 12
3.1.4. Label for Pre-Measured Packs and Twin/Multi-Packs 13
3.1.5. Dual/Multi-Language Labels 13

3.2 Style and Wording of Text 13

3.2.1. Print Size and Style 13
3.2.2. Effective Use of Space 14
3.2.3. Layout Design and Artwork 15

3.3 Use of Colour 15

3.4 Use of Illustrations / Pictograms 16

3.4.1. Pictograms 16
3.4.2. Illustrations 17
Page
 ii

3.5 Special Purpose Labels 17

3.5.1. Bulk Material Labelling 17
3.5.2. Chemically Treated Seeds 18
3.5.3. Application by Air 18
3.5.4. Application in Confined Spaces 19
3.6 How to Check a Label 19

SECTION 4: TOXICITY AND HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

4.1 Definitions 21
4.2 Hazard Classification 21
4.2.1. Calculation of LD50 Values for Formulations
where Data are not available 23
4.2.2. Inhalation Toxicity 24
4.3 Product / User Categories 24
4.4 Determining Hazard Symbols and Statements 25
4.5 Use of Positive Statements on Labels 26

TABLES
Table 1: Determination of WHO Hazard Classification
based on acute LD50 (rat) of formulated product (mg/kg) (6). 22

APPENDICES
A.1 Examples of Labels 27
A.2 Print Size and Style Guide 33
A.3 Safety Statements 34
3.1. Safety Statements 34
3.2. First Aid Instructions and Advice to Doctors 35
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Page

A.4 Agricultural Practice 37

4.1. Withholding Period Statements 37
4.2. Statements and Phrases for Good Agricultural Practice 37
4.3. Care, Use and Disposal of Containers and Baits 38
4.4. Care of Equipment, Area to be Treated and Occupants 38
of Treated Areas
A.5 Physical properties 39

A.6 International Formulation Coding System 43

A.7 Label Content 45

7.1. Summary of Recommended Label Content 46
7.2. Flow Chart for Checking the Draft Label 48
7.3. Check List for Reviewing Label Content 49

A.8 References 51
iv
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 About these guidelines

FAO published "Guidelines on Good Labelling Practice for Pesticides" in 1985 (1). Those
guidelines gave guidance on the preparation of a label and specific advice on content and layout.
Since that time there have been considerable changes in regulations and requirements. There is,
therefore, the need to revise and update the Guidelines.

These guidelines are intended for use by those in industry involved with label preparation and
also by national regulatory personnel involved with the approval of labels and the specification
or recommendation of suitable text and layout.

The document contains four main sections with appendices. The first section identifies the main
objectives and considerations in preparing a label. The second section identifies the information
which must appear on a label. The third section deals with writing a label with maximum clarity
and consideration of the level of knowledge of users. The fourth section discusses the
establishment of toxicity and hazard classifications for a product. The appendices contain
examples of labels, hazard statements, agricultural practice statements and other summaries of
specific and generic label contents which can help to clarify the general text.

1.2 What is a label ?

A label is the written, printed or graphic material firmly attached to a product container. It is the
outcome of years of research on the part of industry and evaluation effort on the part of
government regulatory agencies. The label is a mandatory part of the product package.
Additional information may be provided by means of technical leaflets or brochures which
accompany a container, in which cases these leaflets or brochures should be referred to on the
label.

1.3 The importance of clear and accurate labels

Labels are the principal, and sometimes the only, contact between the manufacturer/supplier and
the user of the product. Labels are legal documents and convey essential safety information and
use recommendations.

The appeal to the user to "read the label" can only be successful if the essential messages on the
label are kept as simple and direct as possible. If a label is too complex, too technical, or badly
laid out, the product may not be used correctly and the user may be exposed to unnecessary
health risks. There is, therefore, a great need for clear directions which can be easily understood
by all potential users.

The basic regulations affecting label content are national regulatory requirements. In addition to
these, there are additional standards within individual companies and international standards, the
most important of which is the FAO International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use
of Pesticides (2). Labels should conform to all of these regulations and standards.
 2

1.4 General considerations

Most pesticides are manufactured to be sold in several different countries. As a result, accurate
translation of product labels into many languages is necessary. In some cases, there may even be
a need to have two or more languages on the same label. However, despite the number of
language translations on a label, there still remain some users who are unable to read a label. For
these users, pictograms which depict safe use and use of protective clothing during application
are essential. Even when pictograms are used, however, care must be taken that they are
properly understood by the user.

The increased demand for more information on how to use pesticides correctly, and the need for
dual languages, hazard symbols and pictograms on labels creates serious competition for space in
label design. The four principal ideals to adhere to in preparing a label are clarity, completeness,
conformity and consistency.

Clarity is achieved by avoiding complex or excessively technical explanations and by using a

clear layout with a prominent display of key words, phrases and symbols, and pictograms. Thus
it is important to:

- attract the user's attention;

- tell the user what he needs to know in brief and precise terms;
- use familiar expressions and symbols; and,
- avoid ambiguous statements.

Completeness is ensured by using a checklist of all essential information, so that no important

information or advice is omitted.

Conformity is achieved by following existing regulations and guidelines, both national and
regional/multinational.

Consistency is assured by the standardization of label components, such as safety texts, so that
label texts and layout of different labels will be as similar as regulatory requirements and user
needs allow.

There may sometimes be a conflict in the wording required by regulatory authorities on the one
hand and the clear instruction to the farmer on the other. Regulatory authorities, however, are
frequently open to accepting easier to read statements, especially if they are consulted during the
preparation of a label.

Leaflets and brochures are not subject to the same regulatory rules as labels. Nevertheless, the
same principles of writing technical data in a simple and easily understood manner apply to
leaflets and brochures used for advertising, just as they do for labels. In addition, whether it is a
label or leaflets and brochures which provide technical information, it is essential that the
information provided is accurate and can be substantiated with technical data.
 3

The writer of the label also has responsibility

1. To the user - who must be able to read and understand the label;
2. To the public and the environment - to protect both public health and the environment;
and,
3. To the law - to follow pertinent regulations.

Lastly, labels should have physical durability. They should be resistant to the normal wear and
tear encountered in transport, storage and use. These requirements apply equally to the print on
the label and the material on which the information is printed. Several years of storage may
elapse between manufacture and final use of the product. Without a complete and legible label
during storage and at the time of final use, a pesticide is likely to present a serious potential
hazard.
4
 5

SECTION 2: LABEL CONTENT

The purpose of the label is to provide the user with all the essential information about the product
and how to use it safely and effectively.

The content of a label is subject to national regulations. At times, there may be additional
multinational or regional considerations. With these regulations in mind, the minimum
information on the label should tell the user:

* What is in the container

* The Hazard it represents and associated safety information
* Instructions for use

2.1 What is in the container?

The following information identifying the contents of the container should appear on all
labels.

(a) Product or Trade name, associated with the product category (e.g. herbicide,
insecticide, fungicide, etc.).

(b) Type of formulation -name and code, see International Formulation Coding System
(Appendix 6).

(c) Active ingredient, name (ISO) (3) or other locally used common name or in the
absence of either the chemical name as used by ISO of IUPAC (4)) and content. This
should normally be expressed as "contains x g ai per kg" (for solids, viscous liquids,
aerosols or volatile liquids) or "contains x g ai per liter" (for other liquids), or just
"y%".

(d) Net contents of the pack. This should be expressed in Metric Units (e.g. liter, gram,
kilogram, which can be abbreviated to l, g and kg) unless the country does not use, or
only partly uses, metric units. In such situations, local units should take precedence,
but metric units should also be given.

2.2 Safety information

There should be a clear warning on the label in relation to:

* Reading the safety instructions before opening the pack.

* Handling, transport and storage warning symbols (See Section 4.3)

* Hazard classification/symbol. There may be a necessity to classify the product with

relation to its toxicity (See Section 4.2).

The following should appear on all labels - preferably in black print on a white
background.
 6

(a) Safety Precautions

The safety text must cover the following:

- product specific advice

- good agricultural practice
- relevant protective clothing
- precautions when handling the concentrate (if applicable)
- precautions during and after application
- environmental safety during and after application
- safe storage
- safe disposal of product and used container
- how to clean equipment (if a potential risk exists)

(b) Safety Pictograms

Safety pictograms reinforcing the safety text should be included. (See Section 3.4.1)

(c) Warning

The following must appear on all labels:

Keep locked up and out of reach of children

Other warning phrases may be aimed at good agricultural practice and/or steps which need
to be taken to avoid adverse environmental effects.

(d) First Aid Advice and Medical Treatment

Most labels should carry first aid and medical advice, where relevant.

Additional information regarding symptoms, special tests and antidotal measures may be
added, where appropriate, for particular products.
(e) Leaflets

Any safety text on the label must also appear on any leaflets associated with it.

2.3 Instructions for use

There should be an initial, brief statement of use, e.g.:

 7

Controls aphids in top fruit, or

Kills broad-leaved weeds in cereals
The directions for use on the label must clearly indicate how, when and where the product
can be legally used with maximum efficiency and safety according to Good Agricultural
Practice. This information may be repeated and/or expanded in a separate leaflet or
technical literature, but the essential instructions must always be displayed on the label.
The label must emphasize the need to read an attached (enclosed) leaflet before use, if one
has been included.

Practical advice must be included on:

(a) How to mix and apply the product, and rate of use.

(b) When to use the product, including timing and frequency (including maximum
number of applications per use season), or when not to use it, e.g. during the flowering
period of the crop.

(c) Where to use the product - which crops, targets, areas.

(d) Any limitations, such as susceptible crops or varieties, weather conditions, harvest
interval.

(e) Compatibility with other products, where appropriate.

(f) How to avoid harming beneficial insects, such as bees and natural predators, or
wildlife.

Omit all non-essential information, such as sales messages, mode of action illustrations,
etc.

2.4 Other information

In addition to the contents, safety information and instructions for use discussed above, the
following information should also appear on all labels:

(a) Local distributor name, address/telephone number. The company responsible for
registration of the product in the country concerned.
(b) Registration number, if any.
(c) Manufacturer's name and company logo.
(d) Trade mark acknowledgment - this may have legal implications.
(e) Date of manufacture/formulation/batch number.
(f) Shelf-life, for products with a shelf-life of less than 2 years from the date of release
(7).
8
 9

SECTION 3: HOW TO WRITE A LABEL

This section considers the practical aspects of good, clear label design and layout, how to check
individual labels and the use of pictograms. Examples of different labels are shown in Appendix
A.1 to clearly establish the application of the principles of good labelling. It is recommended
that these example labels are studied in detail before attempting to write a first label.

The label usually includes a number of commonly accepted or mandatory phrases, which are
used to cover certain recommendations. Label information is the outcome of a great deal of
research and this must be taken into account in arriving at the most appropriate wording. Further
details, relating to the wording of various sections of a label, viz., on safety, instructions for use
and general information, are provided in the appendices. These may be consulted to provide
further guidance on composing a clear, accurate and easily understood label.

3.1 Layout of information

3.1.1 General points

 Layout should be considered before a proof is prepared. Labels may be as one, two,
three or more panels. If label size allows, the three panel layout is preferred. Examples
of how to structure the different labels are given in the following pages. Actual
examples of labels are shown in Appendix A.1.

 A panel label should only be used where the uses of the product are limited and
Directions for Use, General Instructions, Safety Instructions, Safety Precautions and
First Aid require little detail. It is usually suitable for products in Class III (Slightly
Hazardous), of the WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard (6). (See
Section 4). It should not be the sole source of information when the pack size is small.
In such circumstances, ancillary panels can be printed on a separate extension or
attached leaflet. (See Section 3.1.3)

 Break up the information into small, separate paragraphs. Each block of subject matter
should have a clearly understood heading.

 The information should be structured in the sequence the user requires. As an example,
for instructions on how to use the product, a possible logical sequence could be:

1. Crop, variety
2. Target organisms (pest, disease, weeds)
3. Warning statement (e.g., conditions when not to use)
4. Safety measures in handling, applying and disposal
5. Application conditions (e.g., crop stage, weather, soil, etc.)
6. Method of application
7. Dose rate
8. Mixing instructions
9. Advice for after spraying (re-entry period, pre-harvest interval).

 Avoid expressions which could mislead or cannot be substantiated.

 10

Do not use words such as "SAFE", "HARMLESS", "NON-TOXIC" in respect of risks

to humans or animals (even when used with a qualifying phrase, such as "when used as
directed"), or superlatives, such as "best", "most effective", superior control", etc. (See
Section 4.4)

 Avoid using overstickers to amend label information except where necessary and
agreed to by the regulatory authority and the registrant. Where stickers are used they
must not cover other valid aspects of the label.

3.1.2 Label layout

One Panel Layout

Product name
Active ingredient name and content
Formulation type
Registration number (and reference to pertinent legislation if required nationally)
Formulation date and batch number
Summary of uses
Directions for use
Withholding period (reentry period, preharvest interval)
Safety precautions
Warning phrases
Statements for Good Agricultural Practice
First Aid instructions and advice to doctors (if required)
Legal responsibilities
Net contents
Name and address of manufacturer, distributor and/or registrant (as appropriate)
Product/User Category
Two Panel Layout

In this case, the main panel would contain the information needed to identify the product,
and provide the key information on summary of uses, safety precautions and hazard
symbol.

The second (ancillary) panel would contain the rest of the essential information, such as
directions for use, warning phrases, etc.
 11

Three Panel Layout

If label size allows, the three panel layout shown below is suggested. The main panel
would need to identify the product with other essential information, whilst the two other
panels can be separately devoted to safety and instructions for use.

Ancillary panel Main panel Ancillary panel

(Safety) (information) (instructions)

*product name

*active ingredient
(name and content)

*summary of uses *formulation type

*safety precautions *registration number *directions for use

*warning phrases *formulation date *re-entry period

*good agricultural *batch number *pre-harvest interval

practice

*first aid *net contents *legal responsibility

statement
*medical advice *manufacturer
*distributor, agent,
registrant
*product/user category
*hazard symbols
*directions to read the label
*pictograms

NB: Remember that the relevant local/national regulations must be observed.

 12

3.1.3 Labels for small packs/supplementary leaflets

The increasing use of small packs to suit small holder users can present problems with
labelling due to the limited space available for text. Some hints at reducing text is
given in Section 3.1.4. However, if local or national regulations permit, information
can be printed on a separate extension or attached leaflet.

When using a supplementary leaflet, always ensure:

 The safety panel is on the part of the label that is glued to the pack.
 On the label include the instruction "Read the leaflet before using the product".
 The use of a separate or attached leaflet is permitted by the relevant
local/national regulation. Leaflet must be firmly attached to product container so
that it stays with the product through sale and use.
 Key information on the label is repeated in the packaging leaflet.

An example for separation of information on label and packaging leaflets is given

below.

LABEL PACKAGING LEAFLET

*Product name *Product name Safety precautions

*Active ingredient (name and content) *Directions for use Warning phrases
*Formulation type *Re-Entry period *Good Agricultural Practices
*Summary of uses *Pre-harvest interval *First aid
*Registration number *Legal responsibility *Advice to doctors
*Formulation data *Manufacturer
*Batch number
*Net contents
*Manufacturer
*Distributor/agent/registrant
*Warning phrases
*Safety precautions
*First aid, advice for doctors
*Hazard symbols, pictograms

"Before using product, read leaflet". "Before using product, read the label"
 13

3.1.4 Label for pre-measured packs and twin/multi-packs

When a product is packed in two or more pre-measured quantities in an outer

container (pre-measured packs), or when two or more products are packaged
individually and sold as one unit packed together (twin/multi packs), additional
labelling is required.

The outer container must be fully labeled in accordance with these guidelines. For
pre-measured packs, the main panel must include the statement,
"CONTAINS...MEASURED PACKS WHICH IT IS ILLEGAL TO SELL
SEPARATELY."

For both pre-measured packs and twin/multi packs, the inner packs must be labeled
with the essential information: hazard symbols, product name, active ingredient
statement, formulation statement, summary of uses, legal responsibilities,
manufacturer, distributor, formulation date, batch number, etc., net weight. (See
Appendix A.1)

3.1.5 Dual/Multi-language labels

Where the label is required to be printed in more than one language, each language
should ideally have its own complete label. Translations must convey the same
meanings in each language. Only in extremely rare circumstances will there be
sufficient space on a single label for two or more complete sets of information in
separate languages. This shortage of space can be overcome by having the primary
language on the container label and other languages on an attached leaflet. If
possible, key safety information in all required languages should be on the label
firmly attached to the container.

3.2 Style and wording of text

3.2.1 Print size and style

It is recommended that all safety text should be at least 8-point, and that all other text
should be at least 6-point. The preferred size is 11-point. Examples of print size and
style are given in Appendix A.2.

Highlighting with bold letters is more effective than using capitals.

The type face selected should be very clear and without decorations or oddities. The
print style preferred is Helvetica (European Grotesque) or Modern. Avoid italics,
except for Latin names, and even these should be avoided when there is a well-
defined common name.
Use clear letter separation, not close tracking.
Leave adequate space between lines of text.
Avoid vertical or diagonal text.
Overprinting illustrations, logos or "ghost" pictures make text less easy to read.
 14

Wherever possible, the label should be set out in clearly headed distinct blocks
making deliberate, but not excessive, use of colour for greater impact. Clear space
around blocks of statements and symbols also attracts attention.

3.2.2 Effective use of space

Since space is usually at a premium on most labels, one way of gaining space, and
thus enabling a larger print size to be used, is to reduce text by avoiding unnecessary
information, keeping sentences short and precise, and generally making the text as
economical as possible, whilst retaining all essential information.

Another way of gaining space on labels and attaining the correct print size is to
reduce white space (that part of the label which is not printed on). White space is to
be found at the ends of lines, between letters, words, lines and paragraphs, between
columns and in borders around the text. Space around blocks of statements and
symbols is clearly necessary in many cases, since it is a means of attracting attention
to the statement, as indicated above. Nevertheless, with that reservation in mind,
some hints for reducing text and white space and thus allowing larger print size are
given here.

- Go through the text carefully and reduce long sentences and long words to
shorter ones, providing the meaning is not lost.

- Remove any non-essential information, such as overly technical descriptions of

the activity of a product, or simplify these to a few words.

- Tabulate information on rates of use, volumes, etc.

- Reduce the space between paragraphs, but not between lines.

- Reduce the tracking (see Appendix A.2) of less important sentences, e.g. those
that are descriptive.

- Use abbreviations where it is certain they will be understood.

- Move information to less-crowded parts of the label.

- Check relative widths of columns so paragraphs end nearer the column edge.

- Increase the number of columns - this sometimes enables better use of space to
be made at the end of short sentences, e.g., in the safety text.

- Use a separate or integral leaflet.

For texts which need to be translated into another language, it is important to

remember that some languages take up more space than others. (See also Section
3.1.5)
 15

3.2.3 Layout design and artwork

Apart from the decision as to the number of panels needed in the label (Section 3.1.1),
careful design of the actual label is crucial to the end user - in drawing his attention to
the essential text and making it more easily understood.

The guidance of a professional designer may be needed, although hints as to

successful label layouts can be obtained by studying the examples given in Appendix
A.1.

Discussing the layout with the printer, in advance of proofing, can often be helpful.
Do not leave the printer to lay out the text "as best he can". The printer cannot be
expected to ensure all the standards are adhered to, and must be instructed precisely.

3.3 Use of colour

Red is a generally accepted warning colour and should be used only to highlight
warning phrases, or for hazard symbols and safety precaution instruction headings.

For best contrast and easy reading, the text on labels should be mainly black on a
plain white background.

On leaflets and brochures, colour will generally enhance attractiveness. Showing

things in their true colour will increase understanding. Important parts of drawings
can be emphasized by contrasting colours. But beware - too many, or too intense,
colours can distract from the intended message.

Colour contrast is just as important as the colour itself. Thus, red should always be on
a white background and never on other colours, such as yellow.

To maintain contrast, use strong colours on a neutral contrasting background, viz:

- black on white
- black on yellow
- red on white
- green on white
- white on blue

FAO has introduced a colour coding scheme based on the WHO classification of
hazard of the formulation. This is described more fully in Section 4.

FAO recommends that a colour code is used to denote toxicity classification. The
relevant colour band has to be included on the label according to local regulations.
The same colour is usually not permitted elsewhere on the label.

3.4 Use of illustrations/pictograms

 16

There is usually insufficient space on the label itself to include any illustrations, with
the exception of mandatory or suggested hazard, safety and precaution symbols
(Appendix A.3.1) and pictograms. Illustrations are best confined to supplementary
label leaflets, brochures and posters.

3.4.1 Pictograms

A pictogram is a symbol which conveys a message without the use of words. The set
of pictograms (5) have been devised by GIFAP in cooperation with FAO, with the
aim of communicating key safety information to users in different countries, and with
varied levels of literacy.

There are several points to note about the use of safety pictograms:

 In some countries, permission from regulatory authorities may be required but, in

general, most are encouraging their use.

 Pictograms should be introduced into the label when it is first drafted.

 Pictograms should echo and reinforce safety text. If a precaution appears for
which a pictogram exists, the pictogram must also appear.

 Conversely, a pictogram should never be used unless the safety text carries the
corresponding phrase. The overriding principle is that pictograms should relate to
the text - never contradict it or make it less clear.

 Only use FAO/GIFAP approved pictograms, unless it is known that the country
has successfully developed pictograms reflecting local culture and practices.

 The two pictograms which should appear on all labels are those depicting washing
after use and locking away the product out of reach of children.

The complete set of FAO/GIFAP pictograms is given below:

The preferred size for pictograms is 15 x 15 mm, the minimum 7 x 7 mm.

 17

STORAGE ACTIVITY

ADVICE

WARNING

3.4.2 Illustrations

Illustrations are mainly used on leaflets, brochures and posters.

They can be helpful for showing:

- what something looks like

- how to do or not to do something
- a sequence of events
- results of claimed activity

3.5 Special purpose labels

Variations to the general principles of labelling may be necessary to suit special

purposes. A few instances are discussed below.

3.5.1 Bulk material labelling

Material which is transported in bulk, either for reformulating, repacking or disposal,

should have an appropriate label attached.

The advice appearing on such a label will differ from that which appears on labels
intended for farm workers and applicators. Field use recommendations should not be
 18

included and safety in handling and storage of bulk material will differ significantly
from that given on labels destined for use by those in the field.

It is important to ensure that the national and international transport requirements are
met. In addition, the following essential information should appear on all bulk
material labels as a minimum:

 Common chemical name with percent active ingredient

 Net contents
 Country of origin
 Emergency response telephone number
 Handling advice/precautions
 Storage recommendations
 Advice in case of spillage
 First aid advice
 Medical treatment

Some of this information, but not all, will also appear on the transport emergency card
(TREM card) and both sets of data should be mutually consistent.

3.5.2 Chemically treated seeds

Labelling of chemically treated seed requires a different approach, since the standard
seed bag or sack is not a pesticide container and only carries information of the
nature, weight and perhaps origin of the contents.

Warning phrases should be applied to the outside of the container, which cannot be
removed and are in the language of the area where the seed is to be used. Standard
warning phrases are as follows:

 This seed has been chemically treated - minimize handling to retain effectiveness
of seed dressing.
 Do not re-use sacks for food or animal feed.
 Do not use treated seed for food or animal feed.

3.5.3 Application by air

If a product may be applied by air, information should be set out clearly in the general
instruction section of the label. Any special authorization or legislative requirements
should also be included. Several countries have specific regulations or codes of
practice. Restrictions may be placed on chemicals that may be applied by air, or
locations where aerial application may be undertaken.

Standard safety precaution phrases for ground application should be used for the
protection of the ground team, and instructions for pilot safety should be included,
when available.
 19

3.5.4 Application in confined spaces

The use of pesticides in confined areas, such as glasshouses or in dwellings for public
health and hygiene, may require additional safety precautions to protect workers,
animals or livestock, and avoid contamination of foodstuffs etc. There may be
specified time limits for reentry to treated premises or the harvest of crops after
spraying.

3.6 How to check a label

A suggested flow chart and check list for ensuring all the information is contained in
the label are given in Appendix A.7. All the information on the check list should be
confirmed before and after printing.

Structure of Information

- Is layout according to standard?

- Are all statements necessary?
- Are headings clear?
- Is information in logical sequence?

Wording of Text

- Will all likely users understand the language/message?

- Are abbreviations necessary and correct?
- Are sentences short, concise? (no more than 6-10 words).
- Are all instructions clear and unambiguous?

Print Style

- Is the text predominantly black on a white background?

- Does the print size and style conform to the standards? (see Appendix A.2).
- Can you read all text at arm's length in normal daylight?
- If all the text is not clearly visible (all safety text must be), has the user been
instructed how to find the rest of the text - in the correct language?

The printed label should finally be checked to ensure:

- The colour contrast is satisfactory.

- All the print is clearly legible at arm's length.
- The safety text is on a part of the label which is to be firmly fixed to the pack.
- The illustrations are relevant to the message and understandable to the user.
- Instructions for finding supplementary information are clear.
- The printed label is accurate, i.e., reads the same as the approved draft.
- Fold-out labels can be easily read.
- Perforations and other aids are effective.
 20

Quality of Material

Where paper is used for labels and packaging leaflets they must be:

- Strong enough to avoid tearing during transport and handling.

- Durable to withstand storage.
- Coated to resist wetting and smudging of text.
- Able to accept print without smearing.

Ink and adhesive must also be durable and not affected by extremes of climate or the
contact with the product.
 21

SECTION 4: HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

4.1 Definitions

It is most important that the label warns the user of the toxicity and hazards associated
with the product, and the precautions which need to be taken when handling and
using it.

Toxicity is a measure of the capacity of a substance to cause injury or death, and is

related to dose. It is an intrinsic property of the substance. The dose-response
relationship is a way of quantifying acute toxicity, and the LD50 is a crude estimate of
the dose needed to kill 50% of the test animals when they are exposed to the chemical
by the oral, dermal or inhalation route. The value is usually expressed in milligrams
of chemical per kilogram bodyweight of test animal. The smaller the LD50 value, the
greater is the acute toxicity of the chemical.

Hazard represents the potential for injury to occur. It is a function of the toxicity of
the chemical and degree of exposure. Even a highly toxic chemical presents little
hazard to man when the means of exposure are largely eliminated.

Risk is the probability of a hazard occurring under specified conditions. Safety, the
reciprocal of risk, is the probability that harm will not occur under specified
conditions.

When satisfied that an adequate assessment has been made of all the potentially
hazardous components of the product, the next step is to assess the risks that may
arise from the proposed use. These include risk to the applicator, the consumer of
treated crops, beneficial species or wildlife, and to the environment. The risks are
minimized if the user follows the appropriate warning and precautionary statements
on the label. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer/supplier and regulator to
ensure that the safety statements are adequate to minimize the risks, and that the
benefits of using the product outweigh any risks involved.

4.2 Hazard classification

Potential hazard is assessed on the formulation or product in the pack and therefore
takes into account the properties of the solvents, diluents or other adjuvants, in
addition to the active ingredient. The WHO Recommended Classification of
Pesticides by Hazard (6) is widely used and is based on the oral and dermal LD50
values (to the rat). The more restrictive class is always chosen from the oral and
dermal LD50 classifications. From these values, one of four coloured bands is
assigned with a corresponding hazard statement and one of two hazard symbols,
which denotes classification of hazard in use, is placed along the bottom of the label.
 TABLE 1: Determination of WHO hazard classification based on acute LD50(rat) of formulated product (mg/kg)(6).

WHO Hazard Class Information to appear on label Acute LD50 (rat) of formulation (mg/kg)
Hazard Band Hazard Symbols ORAL DERMAL
statement colour symbol and words
Solid Liquid Solid Liquid

Ia 5 or less 20 or less 10 or less 40 or less

Extremely hazardous VERY PMS RED
TOXIC 199 C
VERY TOXIC

Ib 5 - 50 20 - 200 10 - 100 40 - 400

Highly hazardous TOXIC PMS RED
199 C
TOXIC

II 50 - 500 200 - 2000 100- 1000 400 - 4000

Moderately hazardous HARMFUL PMS
Yellow C
HARMFUL

III CAUTION PMS Blue > 500 > 2000 > 1000 > 4000
Slightly hazardous 293 C
CAUTION
Products unlikely
too present a hazard PMS Green > 2000 > 3000
in normal use 347 C
* PMS is a colour matching system, mainly used by printers, devised and patented by Pantone, Inc. USA.  See Table 5 of the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard: Bibliography reference 6.
 23

4.2.1 Calculation of LD50 values for formulations where data are not available (6)

It is always preferable to have experimental data on the formulation. However, where

experimental LD50 data are not available, estimated values may have to be used.
These can be estimated from the LD50 values of the unformulated technical grade
active ingredient published by WHO and FAO by means of the following formula:

 Formula for estimating LD50 values for a product containing one active ingredient:
Tx100
The estimated LD50 is calculated from the formula:
C
where T = the acute oral LD50 of the active ingredient in mg/kg;
C= the % concentration of the active ingredient in the formulated product.

These estimated values hold reasonably true for solid preparations but usually give a
low estimate of the toxicity of liquids.

 Formula for estimating LD50 values for a product containing two or more
active ingredients

It is not possible to include classification of mixtures of pesticides in the guidelines;

many of these are marketed with varying concentrations of active constituents. There
are three possible approaches to the classification of mixtures, in order of preference:

(a) require the formulator to obtain reliable acute oral and dermal toxicity data for
rats on the actual mixture as marketed; or

(b) classify the formulation according to the most hazardous constituent of the
mixture as if that constituent was present in the same concentration as the total
concentration of all active constituents; or

C A C B C Z 100
+ + =
T A TB TZ T M

(c) apply the formula

where C = the % concentrations of constituents A, B    Z in the

mixture;
where T = the oral LD50 values of constituents A, B    Z;
where Tm = the oral LD50 value of the mixture.

The formula can also be used for dermal toxicities provided that this information
is available on the same species for all constituents. The use of this formula
does not take into account any potentiation or protective phenomena.
 24

4.2.2 Inhalation toxicity

Inhalation hazard from commercially formulated products is unlikely to cause

problems under normal open air conditions, and is not usually taken into account.
Special precautions may need to be included, however, for a product used in confined
areas such as fumigants, or if the product contains a volatile and/or toxic solvent.

The product (formulation) may present other potential hazards. It could be irritating to
the skin or eyes, explosive, corrosive, flammable, highly flammable or oxidizing.
Definitions for these terms and appropriate hazard symbols are set out in Appendix
A.3.

As distinct from safety pictograms, a hazard symbol denotes a hazard in use in

transport or in storage. The product classification system described should not be
confused with international transport and storage hazard classification symbols, e.g.
the classification and labelling of dangerous substances in the European Communities
(8). Some hazard symbols are also related to national, regional or international
schemes and should be used with care.

Hazard symbols should never be simply copied from one label to another if the
product is destined for a different country. Advice should always be sought.

4.3 Product/user categories

The primary considerations in categorizing pesticide products are who the user will be
and/or the use for which the product is intended. Three categories for formulated
products are recommended, based primarily on the WHO Recommended
Classification of Pesticides by Hazard.

Domestic

Where the product is marketed to consumers for use in and around a dwelling. The
intent of the DOMESTIC category is to provide consumers with relatively safe
products for such uses as insect and rodent control within the home, weed control in
gardens etc. DOMESTIC CLASS products should meet the following criteria:

(1) Products that fit into "Class III" (Slightly Hazardous) or "Products unlikely to
present a hazard in normal use" of the WHO Recommended Classification of
Pesticides by Hazard".
(2) No special precautions or equipment required for inhalation hazard.
(3) Products and Containers can be safely discarded by placing in household
garbage.
(4) Package sizes limited to amounts that can be safely stored by consumers and
used in a single season.
 25

Commercial

Where the product is to be marketed for general use in the commercial activities
specified on the label. More descriptive words such as AGRICULTURAL or
INDUSTRIAL may also be used. The intent of the COMMERCIAL category is to
provide operators engaged in farming or commercial pest control operations with
products that can be used safely and efficaciously in their particular business.
COMMERCIAL products should meet the following criteria:

(1) Products that fit into Class II (Moderately Hazardous), Class III (Slightly
Hazardous) or "Products unlikely to present a hazard in normal use" of the
WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard.

Restricted

Where additional limitations respecting the display, distribution, use or operator

qualifications must be specified on the label because of safety concerns for humans,
plants, animals or the environment. The intent of the RESTRICTED category is to
limit the availability of relatively hazardous products to situations where they can be
used safely. These products may be considered more hazardous because of inherent
toxicity or because of intended use in environmentally sensitive areas. Such areas
could include forest and aquatic sites of application. RESTRICTED products meet the
following criteria:

(1) Products that meet the criteria of Class Ia (Extremely Hazardous) or Class Ib
(Highly Hazardous) of the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by
Hazard.
(2) Potentially significant environmental risks.

In some circumstances 2 categories of products may be sufficient i.e. a restricted

category and a general category for all other products.

Product/User categories can be used primarily to distinguish the appropriate channels

of distribution and sale and to direct product to users with varying degrees of training.
For example sale of Restricted products could be limited to certain outlets with
special storage conditions and to distributors and users who have received special
training in their handling and use.

4.4 Determining hazard symbols and statements

Once the information on a product is complete, a decision can be made on the
appropriate hazard symbols, warning phrases and safety precautions, withholding
periods and first aid instructions to be used. At this stage, a check should be made of
existing labels for similar products to ensure that assignments and statements are
consistent.
 26

Appendices A.3 and A.4 provide:

- Standard hazard symbols

- Standard phrases amplifying the hazard symbols.
- First aid instructions and advice to doctors.
- Withholding period statements
- Warning phrases and standard phrases for Good Agricultural Practice.

A label for an extremely hazardous Class Ia product, used on food crops, will require
information from all the categories listed above, whereas a product in Class III, not
used on food crops, will require only a minimal number of the statements set out in
Appendices A.3 and A.4.

4.5 Use of positive statements on labels

Occasionally, positive statements on labels, that a product is safe with respect to

certain organisms in certain situations or circumstances, can be helpful. Specific
claims on the safety of a product to bees, beneficial insects, fish, etc., when used
correctly, are permitted, provided scientific evidence is available to support the claim.

The main criterion for inclusion of such phrases on a label or supporting leaflet is that
they can be substantiated by scientific evidence. It is important that research results
or quotations from scientific literature are not misused, or that scientific terms and
irrelevancies are not used to make claims appear to have a scientific basis that they do
not possess (see Article 11.1.7, FAO Code of Conduct, (2)).

It is also necessary to avoid including all general statements such as "safe",

"harmless", "non-toxic", etc., even when they are accompanied by a qualifying phrase
such as "when used as directed" (Article 11.1.8, FAO Code of Conduct, (2)).
 27

APPENDIX A.1

EXAMPLES OF LABELS
28
29
30
31
32
 33

Appendix A.2 PRINT SIZE AND STYLE GUIDE

The right hand edge of this sheet is marked with print size graduations. Point size is the distance between
the top of a capital letter and the bottom of a lower case descender (eg. between Lp). This text is 12 point
(pt).

Minimum print sizes

All safety text should be at least 8 point, and all other text should be at least 6 point. The preferred size is 11
point.

For labels which may not be read in perfect conditions, it is sensible to aim for a minimum of 8 point for all
text.

Examples of print sizes

This is an example of 6 point print. Under most practical 6 point (1.25 mm)
conditions in the field it is likely to be to difficult to read, and thus
should be used only where there is absolutely no alternative.

7 point (1.75 mm)

This is an example of 8 point print which, in most cases, 8 point (2 mm)

should be the minimum on labels.
Bold print can be used at this size but not below

This is an example of 10 point print which is easy to read

for most people in most conditions. 10 point (2.5 mm)

This is an example of 11 point, the size preferred by FAO 11 point (2.7mm)

Print Style

Condensed print should never be used:

Condensed print is difficult to read at any print size
Leading is the space between lines, measured in points.
On labels, the minimum should be 2pt for ease of reading.
How easy is it to read this sentence? (+10)
How easy is it to read this sentence (standard)
Italic print should be used for Latin names only
Bold print should be used for emphasis.
Print on a label should all run in the same direction and should
never overlap, even in a different colour.
 34

APPENDIX A.3: SAFETY STATEMENTS

Introduction

Proposals for safety precautions, first aid instructions, advice to doctors and warning phrases are
initially drawn up by companies or persons submitting labels for approval, and are based on
knowledge of the chemical, its formulations, uses, toxicity and potential hazards. The final
decision concerning the acceptance of these proposals is, however, the responsibility of the
registering authority. These guidelines provide standard statements to be used on product labels.

The statements used must convey understanding of potential hazard in a clear, concise way and
in a minimum of words. Other phrases or variations should not be needed, except in special
circumstances not adequately covered by this document.

A.3.1 Safety statements

"KEEP LOCKED UP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN"

This statement should be included on the main panel of each label.
The statements set out below in CAPITAL letters should appear on the label in
CAPITAL letters, followed by the appropriate phrase or phrases in lower case letters.

DO NOT smoke, eat or drink when using this product.

THE PRODUCT IS:

Harmful
Toxic
if swallowed
if in contact with the skin
if inhaled
Irritating to eyes
skin
respiratory system
 35

WHEN WORKING WITH OR PREPARING PRODUCT:

AVOID: dust
smoke
vapour
spray mist
gas
contact with mouth, skin and eyes

WEAR: synthetic rubber gloves

apron
overalls
rubber boots
goggles
faceshield
headcover or hood
dust mask
respirator

IF CONTAMINATION OCCURS:

Immediately take off heavily splashed or contaminated clothing.

Wash - affected parts thoroughly with plenty of water.

clothing before re-use.

AFTER USE:

Wash - hands and exposed skin before eating, drinking or smoking.

- overalls, boots, hat and other protective clothing thoroughly, especially inside
of gloves.

A.3.2 First aid instructions and advice to doctors

Mandatory for all products

"If skin or eyes are contaminated, wash immediately and thoroughly with plenty of
water".

"If skin has been splashed remove contaminated clothing, wash skin well, and avoid
exertion. Get medical attention. Show the label if possible".

"Confirmation of diagnosis is by . . . . . . . (state special test recommended)".

"Specific treatment recommended . . . . . . .(state any special antidotal measures)".

 36

Mandatory for all products (con't)

"Other measures of treatment or precaution. . . . . . ".

"Further information is available from . . . . . . . (give address and phone number of

distributor, manufacturer or Poison Control Center, as most suitable)".
 37

APPENDIX A.4: AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE

A.4.1 Withholding period statements

"DO NOT apply later than . . . days/weeks before harvest".

"DO NOT treat/apply to stock later than . . . days before slaughter".

"Dangerous/harmful to livestock. Keep livestock out of treated areas for at least . . .

hours/days after last treatment".

"Keep unprotected persons out of treated areas for at least . . . days after last treatment".

"Keep animals/children out of treated areas for . . .days/hours after last treatment".

"DO NOT use treated product for human consumption for . . . hours/days after last
treatment".

"DO NOT process into food for . . . days after last treatment".

"For use on following crops only, with stated minimum interval between last application
and harvesting".

"Ventilate treated areas/buildings for . . . hours before re-occupation".

A.4.2 Statements and phrases for Good Agricultural Practice

Animals And The Environment

"Dangerous/harmful to domestic animals and wildlife".

"Keep stock out of treated areas until all the weeds are dead".

"Dangerous/harmful to fish; do not contaminate lakes, rivers, ponds or streams with

waste chemical or used container".

Food And Animal Feedstuffs

"DO NOT apply to food or feed crops".

"DO NOT apply to surfaces coming into contact with food".

"Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs".

 38

Treated Seed

"This seed has been chemically treated - do not handle unnecessarily".

"DO NOT re-use sacks for food or animal feed".

"DO NOT use treated seed for food or animal feed".

A.4.3 Care, use and disposal of containers and baits

"Keep tightly closed in original labelled container".

"DO NOT re-use this container for any other purpose".

"Keep labelled container in a safe place away from food, children and animals".

"Remove used container and dispose of safely".

"Empty containers must be washed out".

"Mark baits 'POISON' and place out of reach of children and animals".

Disposal of Baits And Spillage

"Remove all baits and burn dead pests after treatment is completed".

"Remove any spillage and bury in a safe place".

A.4.4 Care of equipment, area to be treated and occupants of treated

areas

"Keep application equipment in good condition, free from leaks and external
contamination".

"DO NOT use where food could be contaminated".

"Remove or cover food before treatment".

"Before treatment remove livestock, birds, fish, domestic pets".

"DO NOT apply directly to livestock, feed or water tanks".

"Before treatment, cover or remove any equipment used with food or drink".

"DO NOT apply to clothing, bedding or fabrics".

"Warn occupants against placing food onto treated surfaces".

"Keep animals/birds/domestic pets/children away from premises or materials being

fumigated or ventilated after fumigation."
APPENDIX A.5: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
 39

Set out below are definitions, pictorial symbols and standard statements which indicate physical
properties which may relate to the product label being drafted.

The symbols must be in a diamond, printed in the colours specified, and the dimensions must be
not less than one-tenth (1/10th) the area of the main panel of the label, and never be less than 10
mm x 10 mm.

DEFINITIONS:

Corrosive : Substances which may on contact with living tissues destroy them.

Explosive : Substances which may explode under the effects of flames, or are
more sensitive to shocks or friction than dinitrobenzene.

Flammable : Substances with a flash point of 21-55oC; and aerosol dispensers

containing over 45% by weight or over 250 g flammable
components, i.e., gases flammable in air at normal pressure, or
liquids of flash point less than 100oC.

Highly Flammable : Substances which either -

(a) May ignite spontaneously in air at ambient temperature;

(b) May ignite readily and continue to burn after brief contact
with a source of ignition;

(c) Have a flash point BELOW 21oC;

(d) Are gases flammable in air at normal pressure;

(e) Give off dangerous amounts of flammable gas in contact

with water or damp air.

Irritant : Non-corrosive substances which, through contact with skin or

mucous membranes, can cause inflammation.

Oxidizing : Substances which may give rise to highly exothermic reaction in

contact with oxidizable substances, particularly flammable
substances.
 40

CORROSIVE EXPLOSIVE

Black symbol on a yellow or orange Black symbol on a yellow or orange

background for upper half and white background.
print on a black background for lower
half of the diamond. E

The symbol indicates spilling of The symbol indicates an

liquid from two glass vessels, one exploding bomb.
attacking a hand, the other metal.

FLAMMABLE (LIQUID) FLAMMABLE (SOLID)

Black symbol on red background. Black symbol on white background

with vertical red stripes.

The symbol indicates flammable The symbol indicates flammable.

liquids.

FLAMMABLE (WATER REACTIVE) HIGHLY FLAMMABLE

Black symbol on blue background. Black symbol on white background for
 41

upper half and red background for

lower half of the diamond.

F+
The symbol indicates substances The symbol indicates substances
which in contact with water emit liable to spontaneous combustion.
flammable gases.

IRRITANT OXIDIZING

Black symbol on yellow or orange Black symbol on yellow or orange

background. background.
Xi o

This symbol indicates irritant This symbol indicates oxidizing

substances. substances.

Note: This symbol is NOT required

if the TOXIC or HARMFUL symbol
in Appendix A.1 OR the
CORROSIVE symbols are used.

For further information on use of these symbols, consult the appropriate local or international
legislation on transport of hazardous goods.
42
 43

APPENDIX A.6: INTERNATIONAL FORMULATION CODEING SYSTEM

The following is the list of formulation types and their international codes as introduced by
GIFAP and now adopted by FAO. As far as possible these two letter codes should be used on
labels.

CODE FORMULATION TYPE CODE FORMULATION TYPE

AB Grain bait LA Lacquer

AE Aerosol generator LS Solution for seed treatment
AL Other liquids to be applied undiluted MG Microgranule
BB Block bait OF Oil miscible flowable concentrate
BR Briquette (oil miscible suspension)
CB Bait concentrate OL Oil miscible liquid
CG Encapsulated granule OP Oil dispersible powder
CS Capsule suspension PA Paste
DC Dispersible concentrate PB Plate bait
DP Dustable powder PC Gel or paste concentrate
DS Powder for seed treatment PO Pour-on
EC Emulsifiable concentrate PR Plant rodlet
ED Electrochargeable liquid PS Seed coated with a pesticide
EO Emulsion, water in oil RB Ready-to-use-bait
ES Emulsion, for seed treatment SA Spot-on
EW Emulsion, oil in water SB Scrap Bait
FD Smoke tin SC Suspension concentrate
FG Fine granule SG Water soluble granules
FK Smoke candle SL Soluble concentrate
FP Smoke cartridge SO Spreading concentrate
FR Smoke rodlet SP Water soluble powder
FS Flowable concentrate for SS Water soluble powder for seed
seed treatment treatment
FT Smoke tablet SU Ultra-low volume (ULV)
suspension
FU Smoke generator TB Tablet
FW Smoke pellet TC Technical material
GA Gas TK Technical concentrate
GB Granular bait TP Tracking powder
GE Gas generating product UL Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid
GG Macrogranule VP Vapour releasing product
GP Flo-dust WG Water dispersible granules
GR Granule WP Wettable powder
GS Grease WS Water dispersible powder
HN Hot fogging concentrate for slurry treatment
KN Cold fogging concentrate XX Others
44
 45

APPENDIX A.7: LABEL CONTENTS

A.7.1 Summary of recommended label content

A.7.2 Flow chart for checking the draft label
A.7.3 Check list for reviewing label content
 46

APPENDIX A.7.1: Summary of recommended label content

KEY SUBJECT POSITION ON LABEL TYPE SIZE REQUIRED

A = Main label L= Large

B = Ancillary panels M = Medium
C = Label leaflet S = Small
D - Pre-measured pack (8 point min.)
X =Emphasize by using either capitals,
* if applicable to packaging bold or heavy type for heading
or part or whole of phrase
Hazard symbols A, * C and *D LX
Product name A, *C and *D LX
Common name A and *D M
Active ingredient statement A and *D M
Formulation type A and *D M
Solvent statement (if A and *D L
required)
Summary of uses A and *C LX
Net contents A and *D M
Date of Manufacture/ B and *C M
Formulation/ Batch
Number
Name and address of A and *D M or S
manufacturer, distributor,
agent or registrant
Registration number A and *D M
Directions for use B and *C M
Withholding period B and *C MX or SX
General instructions for use B and *C M or S
Warning phrases and B and *C M
statements for Good
Agricultural Practice
 47

APPENDIX A.7.1: Summary of recommended label content

KEY SUBJECT POSITION ON LABEL TYPE SIZE REQUIRED

A = Main label L= Large

B = Ancillary panels M = Medium
C = Label leaflet S = Small
D - Pre-measured pack (8 point min.)
X = Emphasize by using either
* - if applicable to packaging capitals,
bold or heavy type for
heading
or part or whole of phrase

Safety precautions B and *C MX

First aid instructions and B and *C MX

advice to doctors

Legal responsibilities B and *D S

NOTE: Where a one panel label is used, all the above information must be included.
 48

APPENDIX A.7.2 Flow chart for checking the draft label

Define User

Who will be utilizing label information?

Determine Label Function
* to inform
* to instruct
* to gather together relevant information
* to persuade user to "READ THE LABEL"

Determine Label Content
(what information should be included?)

Determine Contextual Constraints
* type of container
* extent of information required
* space problems
* possible use of leaflet
* durability of label

Does The Draft Label
* present appropriate information?
* present this clearly and concisely?
* use graphics where necessary?
* compare favourably with similar product labels on file?

Review And Edit Information

Evaluate

Does the label achieve its purpose?


YES NO

Approve draft label Redraft

for final printing
and registration

 Does the printed label read the same as the approved draft?
 Can fold-out labels be read easily?
 Are perforations and other aids effective?
 49

APPENDIX A.7.3: Check list for reviewing label content

Tick the box to indicate that the label carries the item referred to and that it is satisfactory.
Delete item if it is not applicable.

PRODUCT NAME:

Information appearing on the label:

Company name (and correct logo, if applicable) [ ]
Product name (and logo, if applicable) [ ]
Product type, e.g. herbicide, insecticide [ ]
Formulation type, e.g. EC, WP, SC [ ]
Active ingredient, common name and content [ ]
Statement of use [ ]
Net content of pack [ ]
Instruction to read safety advice before opening pack [ ]
All trade marks correctly acknowledged [ ]
Name, address and telephone number of manufacturer, [ ]
distributor, agent and/or registrant
Telephone number for emergency response [ ]
Label code [ ]
Storage stability, e.g. expiry date [ ]
Registration number [ ]
Registration for batch number and manufacture date [ ]

Safety Precautions
Any locally required additional precautions [ ]
"Keep locked up and out of reach of children" warning [ ]
Safety pictograms [ ]
A box for first aid/medical treatment [ ]

Instructions for use:

"Use only as directed" statement [ ]
Pests controlled [ ]
Approved uses [ ]
Method of application [ ]
Application rates [ ]
Timing and frequency of application [ ]
Pre-harvest intervals [ ]
Re-entry periods [ ]
Simple language style and clear headings have been used [ ]
Every statement is clear and unambiguous [ ]
No information is repeated [ ]
Complex instructions have been tabulated [ ]
 50

General:
Print size and style conforms to standards [ ]
Language will be understood by all users [ ]
Colour contrast satisfactory [ [
Illustrations unambiguous [ ]
Does it meet all local regulations? [ ]
 51

APPENDIX A.8: REFERENCES

1. Guidelines on good labelling practice for pesticides. FAO, Rome. 1985.

2. FAO International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides (amended
version). FAO, Rome. 1990.

3. Pesticides and Other Agrochemicals -Common Names. ISO Standard 1750 (1981);
Addendum 1 (1983); Addendum 2 (1984). International Organization for
Standardization, Geneva.

4. IUPAC (Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry).

In: Pure Appl. Chem., 1983, 55, 409.

5. Pictograms for agrochemical labels: An aid to the safe handling of pesticides. FAO,
Rome. 1988.

6. The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to

classification 1994-1995. International Programme on Chemical Safety
(WHO/PCS/94.2). Geneva.

7. Manual on the Development and Use of FAO Specifications for Plant Protection
Products (4th ed.). FAO, Rome. 1994.

8. Legislation on dangerous substances: Classification and Labelling in the European

Communities. EC Publications, Luxembourg. 1987.

(1) and (5) are no longer available and are superseded by this document.