1 Diagram beside shows a condition of a

disease suffered by a boy.

What types of immunity received by
the boy after he recovers from the disease?
A Natural acquired active immunity
B Artificial acquired active immunity
C Natural acquired passive immunity
D Artificial acquired passive immunity

2 Diagram 19 shows water exudes from the special pore at the edge of leaves.
What is the name of the process?
A Translocation B Transpiration
C Guttation D Root pressure

S1 The adult human heart has a mass of between 250 and 350 grams and is about the size of a fist. It is
located anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum. The septum of the heart is the
dividing wall between the right and left sides of the heart. The sinoatrial node is the impulse - generating
tissue (pacemaker) located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm.
Diagram 1.1 shows a cross section of human heart

(a) What is the importance of septum? [2 marks]

If the Sinoatrial node is impaired, an artificial pacemaker can

be use.

(b) How does this pacemaker works? [4 marks]

(c) What is the implication of using the artificial pacemaker as

compared to the Sinoatrial node? [3 marks]

Diagram 1.2 shows a pamphlet about cardiovascular diseases.

(d) Suggest the steps that you should do to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. [3 marks]
S2 Diagram 2.3 shows a type of white blood cell which is important in the body defense mechanism.

(a) Name cell A and substance X [2 marks]

(b) State the types of body defence shown in Diagram 2.3. [1 mark]

(c) Explain one characteristics of the defence stated in 2 (d). [2 marks]

The information below is stated in a pamphlet about HIV during World AIDS Day.
T cell is a cell that helps lymphocytes in the immune response by recognizing foreign antigens.
If the T cell is infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), it may cause Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

(d) Explain the effects of HIV on body defence mechanism. [2 marks]

S3 Diagram 4 shows the apparatus used in an experiment to determine the rate of transpiration in a plant.

(a) Name the apparatus shown in Diagram 4. [1 mark]

(b) To determine the rate of transpiration, an air bubble

must be introduced into the capillary tube.
Describe how this is done. [1 mark]

(c) (i) Once the bubble reaches X, a stopwatch is started.

Explain how the rate of transpiration is calculated. [2 marks]

(ii) Table 1 below shows a set of readings obtained in the experiment.

Reading Time taken for air bubble to move from X to Y (seconds)

1 110
2 95
3 105
Calculate the average rate of transpiration. [2 marks]

(d) If a table fan is placed 2 metres away from the apparatus and is switched on, predict how the rate of
transpiration changes. Explain your answer. [3 marks]

(e) State the function of Z in carrying out the experiment. [1 marks]

 (f) State the precautions to be taken to ensure the readings can be obtained. [2 marks]

E1 Diagram 5.1 shows two surface views of stomata in the lower epidermis of a leaf.

(a) State an environmental condition which would have caused the change in the size of the stoma as
shown in the diagram. What is the significance of this change to the plant? [6 marks]

(b) Stoma open when guard cells absorb water. Explain how changes in of guard cells bring about
stomatal opening. [4 marks]

(c) Diagram 7.2 outlines the mechanism in the regulation of blood pressure.

Based on the diagram, explain how blood pressure is regulated. [10 marks]

E2 (a) The statements below describe the lymphatic system.

Lacteals in intestinal villi transport products of lipid digestion.

About 10% of interstitial fluid returns to the circulatory system via the lymphatic system.

Based on these statements, explain why the lymphatic system is considered complementary to the
blood circulatory system. [10 marks]

(b) Multicellular animals need a specific transport system to survive. The main factor is large organisms
have a small total surface area to the volume ratio (TSA/V).

With reference to respiration, nutrition and excretion, describe how the structures involved are
adapted to carry out their functions efficiently in multicellular organisms. [10 marks]

E3 Diagram 3 shows the coronary artery bypass in the heart.

(a) In your opinion, justify why the procedure has to be carried out. [5 marks]
 (b) Suggest what can be done as preventive measures to avoid blockage of the coronary artery
[15 marks]

BioF5C1-Answers
1 (a) P1: Septum prevents oxygenated blood in left side of heart from mixing with deoxygenated blood in
right side of heart.
P2 : To ensure that enough amount of oxygen is supplied to body cells.

(b) P1: Artificial pacemaker generates small amount of electrical charges.

P2: Electrical charges stimulate nerve impulses to be transmitted to both atria.
P3: This cause both atria to contract simultaneously
P4: causes high pressure of blood in the atria
P5: Impulses generated by SA node reach AV node
P6: AV node ensure that all blood from atria has entered ventricles
P7: AV node relays the impulses to bundle of His & Purkinje fibres
P8: The impulses than reach the apex of heart
P9: Ventricles contract and cause blood pressure to increase
P10: Blood is pumped out of heart
P11: Pacemaker could be adjusted to pump 72 times per minutes as to ensure normal blood flow

(c) P1: Causes atrial septal defect (hole in the heart)

P2: Causes infection
P3: Agglutination of blood
P4: Internal bleeding after operation
P5: Difficulty in breathing
P6: Irregular heart beat rate
P7: Faulty of artificial pacemaker can cause death
P8: Artificial pacemaker must be changed after a period of using
*note that all answer about the implication of surgery can be accepted. [Any Three]

(d) P1: Consume balance diet// Reduce intake of sugar/ fats

P2: Physically active// Exercise regularly
P3: Maintain the healthy body weight
P4: Do not smoke
P5: Managing the stress level [Any Three]

2 (a) Cell A: Lymphocyte// White blood cell

Substance X: Antibody
(b) Third line defence
(c) F: Specific // Targeted defence
E: The antibodies recognise/ destroy/ against specific pathogens
(d) F: The immune system gradually/ slowly/ become weakened/defenceless against disease
E1: T cell cannot recognise/ detect antigen/ pathogen/ microbes/ bacteria/ virus
E2: Lymphocytes cannot produce (specific) antibodies
E3: The person is prone to infection/ easily infected [Any two]

3 (a) Potometer/bubble potometer

(b) Lower the beaker of water by removing the block of wood.
This will allow air to be drawn into the capillary tube.
Then, reposition the beaker on the wood block.
A bubble would have formed in the tube.
(c) (i) The time taken for the bubble to reach Y is recorded.
Distance from X to Y (cm)
The rate of transpiration =
Time taken (second)

(ii) Average rate of transpiration

 (d) The rate of transpiration will increase.
This is because air movement close to the plant will move water vapour away from the leaves.
This increases the concentration gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere and increases the loss
of water vapour via the stomata.
(e) Releasing the clip on Z will push the bubble back to its original position.
This allows the experiment to be repeated.
(f) Ensure that the apparatus is airtight especially where the shoot is inserted into the rubber tube.
The stem must be cut in water to ensure that air bubbles do not enter the xylem vessels.

4 (a) High temperatures/windy conditions

When the temperature of the surroundings is high (OR when the environmental conditions are
very windy), the rate of transpiration will increase.
This results in increased water loss from the plant.
If the amount of water lost is
In this condition, stoma close.
This prevents further loss of water from the plant.
(b) During the day, guard cells accumulate K+ by active transport.
High [K+] makes the cell sap of the guard cells hypertonic to neighbouring cells.
Water from neighbouring cells diffuse into the guard cells by osmosis.
The outer wall of the guard cell stretches more than its inner wall, causing it to curve outwards.
This results in stomatal opening.
(c) Normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mmHg.
If blood pressure rises, baroreceptors in the walls of the aorta and carotid arteries are stimulated
(J), iaitu medula oblongata.
Medulla responds by sending impulses to smooth muscle in arteries and arterioles and also to
structure K which is the sinoatrial node.
Arteries and arterioles dilate, reducing the resistance to blood flow.
SA node is stimulated to reduce heart rate.
Both of these responses bring about a reduction in blood pressure.
If blood pressure drops, the response generated by the medulla is constriction of arterioles
and increase in heart rate.
Mechanism of regulation of blood pressure operates by negative feedback, i.e the homeostatic
mechanism minimises the change in the system.

5 (a) One of the functions of blood circulatory system is to transport products of digestion.
In small intestine, products of carbohydrate & protein digestion are absorbed into blood capillaries
of the intestinal villi.
Fatty acids & glycerol from lipid digestion are first transported into the lacteals in villi.
Lacteals fuse to form larger lymphatic vessels and enter lymphatic system.
Lymphatic fluid carrying the products of lipid digestion eventually drains into the thoracic duct.
Thoracic duct merges into left subclavian vein which is part of blood circulatory system.
Lymphatic system complements the circulatory system in transporting the products of digestion.
Tissue fluid formed at capillary networks must be returned to circulatory system.
only ~90% of this fluid re-enters blood vessels.
10% flows into blind-ended lymph capillaries which are found in capillary networks.
These lymph capillaries drain into larger lymph vessels which eventually drain back into blood
system via thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.
Lymphatic system complements the circulatory system in ensuring that the volume of blood in
blood vessels is kept constant.

(b) Large respiratory surface area is ensured by highly-specialised organs such as gills and lungs.
These organs are located in a particular part of the animals body -the respiratory gases must be
transported to body tissues and back.
Respiratory surface is covered by network of blood capillaries.
Exchange of gases is made easier by thin walls of respiratory surface and capillaries.
Blood has respiratory pigment which has strong affinity for oxygen.
Blood carries oxygen to all parts of body and transports carbon dioxide back to lungs/gills
Products of digestion in alimentary canal are carried to other parts of the body by blood.
 Intestinal villi have capillary networks - these capillaries fuse to form larger vessels and finally
form the hepatic portal vein.
Close relationship between digestive and circulatory systems ensures that body cells obtain
adequate nutrients for metabolic processes.
Excretion
Waste products of metabolism are transported by blood from body tissues to excretory organs
such as kidneys, lungs and skin.
In kidneys, each nephron is closely associated with capillary networks.

6 (a) P1 : blockage of coronary artery/arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis

P2 : hearts muscles receive less supply of oxygen and nutrients
P3 : may cause angina / myocardial infarction / heart attack
P4 : heart muscle cannot pump blood to whole body
P5 : bypass returns supply of oxygen and nutrients to heart muscles
P6 : heart able to pump blood to the whole body
(b) P1 : eat a balanced diet
P2 : eat more vegetables and fruits
P3 : reduce intake of food high in fats/cholesterol
P4 : reduce intake of food high in salt/sodium
P5 : exercise regularly
P6 : to reduce obesity
P7 : to maintain the normal body weight
P8 : stop/no smoking
P9 : to reduce the narrowing of coronary artery
P10: reduce stress
P11: take enough rest/sleep
P12: do recreational activities
P13: drink plenty of water
P14: no drinking alcohol
P15: alcohol can cause hardening of artery