7 MrTruman’s Degree 1 99,0 he outbreak of wa, he President ofthe Unie Sts std or ‘surance fom the blige ations hat cil populations wold ot be ket a 194, when the Japanese enemy wat own by him ohare made wo serps towards a negouted peace he Presiden ofthe United States ave {hordes for dropping an stem boron panes cy thee days ter 3 cond bomb, of saiflrent spe, was dropped on anther cy. NO Ul ‘Gmanum yas delivered before te scond bor was dropped ‘Ser sde by se these evens provide enough of aconas co prowke cng. Eradenly development has when place; one would Ide to see our pote. eno, thin, dlc o pve a mle acount {al The Bri Government gave Preident Roose the required surance witarescration which meant "the Germans dost wesal doi foo." You dni promise to tbe by the Queensberry Rules even if you? ‘pponen abandon the, TEThe only eondion for ending the war was annocnecd be uncon ional wurtender. Apart fom the "iberation of the aubjecx people" he ‘bjetines were vaguein career Now the demand for uneondtonal Feder wae xed up with a determination make no peace with Hers [foverment in view of the characte of ile sreine tata waver) Ineligible. Newertheles some people have dos about i now. Ie Sugesed hat dees of ae wou ave enled inthe apd cre and ‘Sowa of that government. On his ean form so nrong opiion The porn gestion to my mind whether tbe nention of aking 0 peace Ini Hides government neces eeled the objecine of urcondional Shrrender I as may nt be impossible, we coud have formulated a prety ‘kite objec, «rough outline of he terms wich we were willing to Irak wih Germany, wheat the sme ame indicating that we would not take terms wth Hr’ government, hen dhe question ofthe wind of ‘hislauer demand seems to mea nor one; uta then hates Tt tr the inten om uncondional sirender that waste Tot of ale “The connecon Bence such a demand ad the ned to use the mow Ferocious method of warfare wl be obvious, And ine he propos of ‘unlined abjeciven war stupid and barbarous Ig) The Germans di good del of odcminate bombing in his county. es tnpoible or an unformed person to knew how mich fat begining nas due to indlferene on the par of ilo oui tet ‘on piel anor Oxk Mr Teena Degas os toads oly on iar age and how ch oat poly on hepato then wbosn tem: Nord Know rat we wre dog noe sane line at Seine, Bu cesny yore woud hae bee sup ho ad ough it Tough tee would nb oc bombing, developing deeds (For some ine before war broke ou, and mor itn afew shee propaganda hi counery on he ibe of then ‘modes wah olan poplaon, we wert, reals mich ome irate Sging errs The airy eng ton inh ‘ole concn and ol sey Thtfr the iin beet teoplecnpge in prsing wert th popslason tanger. ‘Fite no ch ing 2 hoeporiopeos you canoe bays page tap or tny eve reo po pono or sok sal waa coe {Ting oe war efor’ Warned ns psy bt nce ts Broken onecan “conan out oie "Weon need emt bing Sone war waged bat you cannot ep cing oe nie There as 2 Sherine of "aleve roponsiiy” wh gv lated orl {coe aout The ahr wa ht as sel a daw ie berwren icf nd giao of wack Tete cour plan of he SEnooncy tam tor sre how culden and he ge fe in wary rot ey chee solders and unions workers up. ip) panes stacked Peart Harbour and there wat war Between ctr fp Some eran Replica birians tow chat the scinowedged at at the Aer Government nea Ak wat impeding some hous before cared, ba idx sete peopl in igecommand: can ony becxpiedoy sperponofarsing he pans ff American people. However tt mayb tho pains wer sly Stood and he war wc on with ame ape an enc it Sijecne and once more ncondionl nen wa the ony conan Snide wa as going end io) Fhen ame thereat change we adopted the rem of ara bombing ss oppecltotage bring hs flere fom een ig eon Ce ‘oT had previo ken pacelathecoure ofthe war, bybing more ‘Senet deveting sd och les anon the whol oye ould bespematcly plowed out and doned with Bomba, "Al ak 3 Sly athe Chg Pie headed an aril on hs bjs. WD in tog, nthe Pode conten ia uly Sai nord the Acer an rh tee at be had eee wo equ from he Japan toscana editor ith vt eding he war Head eed FerAl aged onthe yenral pone" marellouyphas' =f ng ‘Renew ape of weapon ta Ate how pout Te Jopanre were fren cance inh fn of te ods Delran, cling or ncon {rion mrenerin fc of vebeing free aom oe aye agsn them The ioran of he ure of ermal Afi coders ths Pratewasrendeed meaning theaementofs sis aers: bt ofoy is thes the ones incorporating the Ali demands were moa afso vague fd seeping + nature ste rater» dedarton of what uncondional frvender would be like than to continue condigone It eee to be {ener agreed the he Japanese were despre enought bane cepted the Decliration bu for se loyalty to che Emperor: the “er” would carainly have pened the Allis to ge rid of him i they chose. The Japanese refuel the Declaration. ncomtequence, hebomb wre dropped ‘on Hzoahina and Nagasal The deion to use hem on people was For men to cook to ill he innocent means wo his eds i abaye murder, and unde sone of te ora sna ations, So the probib ion on delberaeiyiling prone of aro the ian popltion not lkethe Queensberry Rules is force doesnot depend on tspromulgationas pu of poste law writen down, seed upon and adhered toby he Pie concerned, When sy tat o choos to il te inoeent asa means io one's eds murder, am saying what would generally be aceped a correc Butt sal ‘based for my detinion of he innocent. wil ge b later. Here ic 4 not necenay for with Hirth and Nags we ae not confronted witha borerine case Inthe bombing ofthese cies itwas ceil decided {oil he anacen ara means oan ed. Anda very lange numberof her, slat once, without warring. wou th itrste of ecape ofthe chance to take acc, which exited even inthe ‘rea bombings of the German have long been pled by he common an sbout Presiden! Truss courage malin ths decision. Ofcourse, know hat youeanbecoward ‘nthou having reason co think you ae in danger. But how can you be ‘Courageous? Light has come to meaty the tems a ackrwledgenent ‘ofthe rh Me Truman was brave because, and only bees, what be id fas to bad. But 1 think the jdpenent unound. Chen the ight ‘Gimstnces (for example tat no One whowe opinion maces wil dap prove aqutemedioct person can do specaculaly wicked hing thou Thereby becoming impresive T deemined to oppose the proposal wo give Me Truman an honorary egrehereat Oxford: Now, an honorary degre is nota reward of mest it Isasicwer,arewardforbeinga very distinguished person, andie would be foolish to enquire whether a candidate desersto bes dsingulthed ashe is"Thacis why in general, he question whether so-and-so should Have an honorary degree i devoid of meen, A very dingihed person wll arly be aso a notorious criminal and if he should ehance to bes non notorious eximinl it woul nny opinion, beproperto bing hema ‘ptr only inthe rather rate cae which ama i known eet for hacton i ace of which is syeophancy to honou hin, hatte queion| fanbe ofthe slighes ners. have been aersed of being high-minded”. must besaying""You may Me Prana’ Dep 6 ool ht goody come”, which dre high-minded doc The The acon was aseay, or ata te vas hop by compet, ‘Sper lry opuon be hsey probally se noes an eeifed x bad ponds ced he we Come nyo a to “foot beeen bling oe bay sd eing oe gh die bella ‘hound people ort milion poole ia hesand nt enough wat trl you dor Ar you gong sok an seu ey “oxy wo Talat good may come" ople who never her nth arguments a bl thy ke place ad wil ps i opi y) Ti prety coin aes hag uber flier Cv the conditions age Thanos thon bo bad nx ben roped te Ales would ve had tre puncte ths sd they would ave dove. ‘Varymnysoldeson bot ser would hve btn led the apa a id and oy wel be se = oul be anced he prone fw nd ange sues of ter nn poplaon woul ave Bee kil by ‘crdiay bombing T do ot dpe Given the condions, dha was probably what wat avened yh ton aroha wee he condions? Te united abe the the avon om moondinonal suri: Te diya of he et at the Jaunte were deseou of seouag pence The Caran of he Pocun Dechaton the chance ln mgget, ome woke todo tee war an celia ich foe hee weapne Bu ee Fail hie that e concours ofthe pomeion of uc i ements ad a eet one merch he ope wee eed ‘chance’ ‘wean now refomulae the pinple of doing el hat good may come: oer fol can be serach of una hi recommend ths oro undegadunes reading Greases rong hein ligt on fitout tayo cao: eo do ay goo were youre spi “ inom ie Seior Proc fy into ooppoe Me Truman degre, He cole he Repuar 0 gets fomel on procure The ee Chanclorwsinformedvascaiusy aed had gop sary TM pot butane Howewas wippedapto veto te honour The done 25% Joh's were snp fold “Th women ae pt something in Co Vocon; whan go anote thn dows Wore, Alsou in Now uloge homer consdencrewee resets, have ead tenon war und sy he Sod Bry FONSI mon run rae ik Job Tee Conor hinchada odious tk Hesmustnae asec ited ped show tha soup frame o amas eat Tenoceulyveon or ochowtgh honor Hehad howe one fresadanigecbe ad nt tavetopemdetin aude, wowed Fete comnced of dat proposon But sy rte bud ake “The defence, think, would not have Ben wll ceed at Nuremberg6 Phe We donot approve xeon; no we thnk twas mike. Tha ow Ihave not deserved chee ate would be acing with Injnace, Therefore he mst be proved guy, and only a» punshment has the state he righ wo ine anything on bin The comer of purishment 8 four one sfogurd agua Being done “good” ey in ways Ineling a ‘eprivation of ight by impden power people Second, om che de Mr Pom Doge % oft sn, dine reaibuive juice ot it aircon ato prom i feopic and enain laos The round of aig dope ery Eenticinnly ntherensrns mance, he gegen ln “Terre ean cachim of coey, hi crimesobad at hcl x “fly pe Thave nn detrved obs” Burwhen sy de sok ground Efe righ ol hin wath a nuance, ten tera Stisnce pc mala The feof he noses se he acl po of Soucy, so the fac atin some other way they may be sane {Goublocme to lok er, fr example does node aging ‘iPatier Though hat amobe hog wemayytcometo Butte blood rie ianoce ce een or veneae™ Ths the maar who ba ocr fund ly the oly ences ern own te Sate po eth, Teed ot can choose more pals haven ree in fv ofthe death pea Any oter Silom pon sas och inocet nthe eae snot harming Ad 0 {heute tan only der il ac of i abject beer conic ‘Sms are ring or dng omg ht bas ob ope ad ‘Soni be stopped byte eran of ee tinge ow sas the round he ate’ igh order people 1 ght ‘xtra ents hoses tacking them or omen othe ‘$peviguctoordr git or the he of oat peop wrongs opti Tectgufeing people who arses wnderthe roceion of he SE That mote dbiou thing anny out ea beso of he ‘Smina yp ba Ding whereby one efron nethbour Theat Son anateaste nsan be md at some at Tiong to, cr concn one stake anybody unl atached of salen ii, dc, sib doce, Now, po dou it ad ju for hat seton becuse itsalvays bad to ve eco, Ih wa the “isi tit isabad aobsysberlsbaiialight ote bac al ‘tk tor drop tothe wee Bat want saint pace 2 Teel doceetnt ur suongersese nhs ene praenef he 1Ecrthattour rong tobe wouldve na paral badcomequecr= {ae doce which mer forbid whatnot ssl Ba ned na eesepeopltnanyaing bad rvs paaonis age ober Wa TMS Fialot of dacconcapon omer hich my timer ‘Se pang TE ey fen card peoples thing he tis“eallver elo so} Dnt that plod ray cone Bot wor ev, Weal knw a Moupsfenan ispomble bean Abele Pr ean seca but Nati be ove anys ond son er pope wont be ite. So we Rae 0 serge Tlbnottiawe do note Reco Andonce outer Jou have go the whol bog” “Inman weeding means ad when someone ed 0 opine Tai: "Absoes besa I ropes ha Bato core solehoneny realy means having 20 ropeety a ll." Having offered the sie of few ag ana war to absolute honey, {gone before, “he corectanmer othe statement that "wa en ith bad—for cxampleamaforune to beat war. Ando df mo nations ae aowat ieatoneisunjoe Buethat does not show tts wrong ago that ne doc fight one can aso commit der ‘Naturally my lai tha pace ra very haf doctrine is coningent jon is benga alae one. If ewer a tue doctrine, i encouraerent of he onsen “hypocrisy af the eal wanda” would ot count pit i Bur given batts fase, Lam inlined. hickiinlio very ba, wna so Foran idea which seems as were to er onthe noble ie ‘When I consider the Ritory of eens fom 199901945 1 ot ur red tha Me Truman i made the repent of honours But when 1 ‘Suider his avons by themes, {am sutpried again, ‘Some people acral ruse the Bombings and commend the sockpling cofstomie weapons on the ground tat they aes urbe ta maine wl beafraideveraguinto make war "We have nade coverantwithdeathy and vc el we are at an agremien" There does nat com 9 be ood ground for such ange for ay long period af re. cists have forlng made sa point n the propaganda tac men must grow moresmurderous aster techniques of deaucton improve, nd those ‘tho deen murder eagerly eae on hi pois that magne by 8 prey well acepted by the whole worl. OF cout, it notte. Ia Napoleon's ine, for example, the means of deraction had much Improve sine the ie of Henry Vs but Henry not Napolean, wat a gre smasacrer of dias, saying won hed partly arocou thing ht the Fench were + nfl nation and that he had son fr od to puna ter And, of course, reall lage scale maser upto now hat Frlonge cosines wit completely pine methods of bling, Weapons are now manufactured whose sole pont sto be we in maser of ce, Bur ee people rexpomsble are not murderous becaae they have these ‘weapons! they have dem because they are murderous. Deprived of some Bombs they would comnicmasacees by means feter bom Proves by people who have nat power area waste of tne. wat not sing an opportunity oenake "etre of prot” a atomic bombs “heey abject 0 va ation in ering Me Taman honour, Secae ‘ne ca share in the gull ofa bad scuon by pie an ater, lo by ‘lefending ic Whes I pul ysl over the aide ofthe View Chanceor tnd the Hebdomadal Coun, I ook rund to se if any explanation i $alble why so many Oxford people shoud be wing fo Bater nach 3 get some sal ight om the subject when consider the productions of| ‘oxford oral philosophy since tne fis World War whic haventey had ‘occasion to ret. character can ely be ii demontated. Up the Second World Wa the prevailing moral pilorophy in Oxford aught et Str Taman’ Dae » sa actin can be “moray god” no mate how objecsonbl the hing ‘Tncinay be Anietange woud be Himmler ora ewerminaig oe Joos hedidisomthe" ote of day" wise nprmerloe™ tne ‘Ene plsophy= which has much pretence f mosey aiming rece wan objec chars in acca be dered trea me =i ial hel eat tmightbe ight il the fnacen he felt peopl see the pinata dn” of ecrng ome sartage Tigh owe hr fae dy of orkling he tnocem Tio {ploy les pele sow, ad in place Fd aother hore Cardinal prindpe stat “ood” i no 4 "Sexcipive” term, but one Sprein ofafavourbleatet onthe pars of spener Hand hand Sith is hough 1 dopo iow if ther ay loll connecon, gos 3 Tecwine dt itsiposble ofa any que gener moa aw ach ave SSStuwrongtoe or"Nevercommnsoony® sera of rum wich Sh eapeincel pron know wher break Furth, bosh hit etn of thects ther uleson hich o proces, sedkvtaal jamenof thom a arcular cn ae based on tn ing ogee wit te "way of “iichishispretrce Bote poopie, he comasnarepition [Tobe ide hw ay ca of sna, sch a murder, maybe sbokely ‘ced doa now how nei iy ay hve ee be: heya ita tiempo Weer en yma hey Brower ph onthe ntusdon Tris poole wl owe om hi shamfl busine in some slight egies its posble oto avo Ensen kaon be embargo Scrcone who wuld normaly gov plead ober bine he oud ae to Iie. inzd should ero go mca God's paence uddnl ends