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Guimares DBO, Mendes PN, Rodrigues IS et al. Characterizaton of elderly person victim...
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
CHARACTERIZATON OF ELDERLY PERSON VICTIM OF VIOLENCE
CARACTERIZAO DA PESSOA IDOSA VTIMA DE VIOLNCIA
PERSONA MAYOR DE CARACTERIZACIN VCTIMA DE VIOLENCIA
David Bernar Oliveira Guimares1, Polyana Norberta Mendes2, Ivalda Silva Rodrigues3, Carla Danielle Arajo
Feitosa4, Jaqueline Carvalho Silva e Sales5, Maria do Livramento Fortes Figueiredo6
ABSTRACT
Objective: to characterize elderly victims of violence. Method: observational, descriptive and retrospective
study with a quantitative approach, which data were collected in the Reference and Combat Center Violence
Against Elderly in the year 2014. The data processing and statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS
program, version 18.0. The study had the project approved by the Research Ethics Committee CAAE
20352813.6.0000.5214. Results: the following profile was characterized: female, mean age 76,3 years,
coming from the capital, retired, illiterate, separated or divorced, with income up to 1 minimum wage, living
with an average of 3,3 residents per household and a varied family economic activity. Conclusion: in Brazil,
there are few studies that describe the epidemiological aspects of these cases, to feature each region of the
country. As well, unrecognized cases of violence are a serious problem that deserves the full commitment of
society in the fight against the problem. Descriptors: Elderly; Nursing; Violence; Aging.
RESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar os idosos vtimas de violncia. Mtodo: estudo observacional, descritivo,
retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram coletados no Centro de Referncia e
Enfrentamento a Violncia contra a Pessoa Idosa no ano de 2014. O processamento dos dados e a anlise
estatstica foram realizados por meio do programa SPSS, verso 18.0. O estudo teve o projeto aprovado pelo
Comit de tica em Pesquisa CAAE 20352813.6.0000.5214. Resultados: o seguinte perfil foi caracterizado:
sexo feminino, mdia de idade de 76,3 anos, procedente da capital, aposentado, analfabeto, separado ou
divorciado, com renda de at 1 salrio mnimo, residindo com mdia de 3,3 moradores por domiclio e com
uma atividade econmica familiar variada. Concluso: no Brasil, ainda so escassos os estudos que descrevem
os aspectos epidemiolgicos desses casos de maneira que caracterize cada regio do pas. Como tambm, o
no reconhecimento dos casos de violncia um grave problema e que merece o total empenho da sociedade
no combate e um enfrentamento mais efetivo da problemtica. Descritores: Idoso; Enfermagem; Violncia;
Envelhecimento.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: caracterizar los ancianos vctimas de violencia. Mtodo: estudio observacional, descriptivo,
retrospectivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, cuyos datos fueron recolectados en el Centro de Referencia y
combatir la violencia contra ancianos en el ao 2014. El procesamiento de datos y anlisis estadsticos se
realizaron con el programa SPSS, versin 18.0. El estudio tena el proyecto aprobado por el Comit tico de
Investigacin CAAE 20352813.6.0000.5214. Resultados: la siguiente perfil se caracteriz: femenino, con una
edad media de 76,3 aos, procedente de la capital, se retir, analfabeta, separados o divorciados, con
ingresos de hasta 1 salario mnimo, que viven con un promedio de 3,3 habitantes por hogar y una variada
actividad econmica de la familia. Conclusin: en Brasil, hay pocos estudios que describen los aspectos
epidemiolgicos de estos casos por lo que cuenta con todas las regiones del pas. A su vez, el no
reconocimiento de los casos de violencia es un problema grave que merece un compromiso de la sociedad en
la lucha y afrontamiento ms eficaz con el problema. Descriptores: Edad Avanzada; Enfermera; La Violencia;
Envejecimiento.
1
Graduate in Nursing, Federal University of Piau/UFPI. Teresina (PI), Brazil. E-mail: david.guimaraes2@hotmail.com; 2Student, Graduate
Program in Nursing, Federal University of Piaui / UFPI. Teresina (PI), Brazil. E-mail: polyannanorberta@hotmail.com; 3Master in Nursing
from the Federal University of Piaui / UFPI. Teresina, PI, Brazil. E-mail: ivaldinha@yahoo.com.br; 4Student in Nursing at the Federal
University Piaui / UFPI. Teresina (PI), Brazil. E-mail: carlafeitosa7@gmail.com; 5Nurse, PhD Professor in Nursing, Federal University of
Piaui / UFPI. Teresina (PI), Brazil.E-mail: jaqueline-carvalho@uol.com.br; 6Nurse, PhD Professor in Nursing, Federal University of Piaui /
UFPI. Teresina (PI), Brazil. E-mail: liff@edu.ufpi.br
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 10(Suppl. 3):1343-50, Apr., 2016 1343
ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.7057-60979-3-SM-1.1003sup201601
Guimares DBO, Mendes PN, Rodrigues IS et al. Characterizaton of elderly person victim...
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 10(Suppl. 3):1343-50, Apr., 2016 1344
ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.7057-60979-3-SM-1.1003sup201601
Guimares DBO, Mendes PN, Rodrigues IS et al. Characterizaton of elderly person victim...
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 10(Suppl. 3):1343-50, Apr., 2016 1345
ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.7057-60979-3-SM-1.1003sup201601
Guimares DBO, Mendes PN, Rodrigues IS et al. Characterizaton of elderly person victim...
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 10(Suppl. 3):1343-50, Apr., 2016 1346
ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.7057-60979-3-SM-1.1003sup201601
Guimares DBO, Mendes PN, Rodrigues IS et al. Characterizaton of elderly person victim...
Referring to the types of violence suffered with 38,2%. It is noteworthy that physical
by the elderly, according to Table 3, most had violence numbered 12% of cases entries in
psychological representing 54,7% of cases, CEVI.
followed by the financial/economic abuse
Table 3. Data on violence suffered by elderly participants in the research.
Teresina-PI, 2014.
Variables n %
Violence suffered *
Physical 27 12,0
psychological 123 54,7
Sexual 02 0,9
Abandonment 42 18,7
Financial/Economic abuse 86 38,2
Negligence 70 31,1
Self-neglecting 14 6,2
Others 01 0,4
*Multiple choice question
Legend: SM: Wages; SD: standard deviation; * Optionally register by CEVI
professionals.
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 10(Suppl. 3):1343-50, Apr., 2016 1347
ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.7057-60979-3-SM-1.1003sup201601
Guimares DBO, Mendes PN, Rodrigues IS et al. Characterizaton of elderly person victim...
Regarding to the origin, the majority of the Besides being evidenced the profile of the
capital, totaling 84,9%, and a small amount elderly, it does not reveal that the result
representing the state and 5,3%, contrary to expresses in a real way their condition, as
studies that show the predominance of the omissions represent a reduction in the number
elderly were the inside of their state. As for of incidents recorded. Moreover, the lack of
the fact that these seniors are from the standardization in the records of the events in
capital, no studies that compared this relation CEVI caused many values not to be placed,
were found. 9,11 showing a large number of ignored or not
This largest proportion of elderly from the answered data.
capital against the ones from the interior was According to Table 2 of this study, 63,9%
due to the geographical location of the CEVI, reported having chronic diseases, and this
which makes the access of elderly residents in factor a key criterion for cases of violence
the capital easier than the ones residents in against the elderly, where research infers that
the interior, because the latter needs to move comorbidities generated by chronic diseases
to the institution, which ultimately makes the can even be a result of violence itself, as this
complaints from the capital most present than may cause a permanent degree of stress,
the countryside cases. which in itself is an important factor in
In terms of occupation, in this study 76,4% chronic diseases as well as mental illness in
were retired, with a family income of up to 1 this study represent only 16,4%.10-1
minimum wage, equivalent to 35,1% of them. With regard to health, other studies show
It is highlighted that 21,8% have income from that 57,4% did not seek medical care due to
1 to 3 minimum wages and 37,8% did not the violence suffered, data consistent with
answer the question. Data from this study is this research, which shows that 18% of the
consistent with studies that indicate that the elderly were monitored in some health sector
mostly abused elderly were retired and have after being raped.11-2
low/middle-income.10-1 It is observed that most of the elderly did
Regarding the number of residents, this not seek health services, causing them to
research confirms the results of other studies. reflect on the service to the victimized.
There is an important relation between the Nursing should understand all the nuances of
family arrangement and the domestic violence the mistreatment, taking into account mainly
because the prevalence of violence was higher the host to the elderly, their needs and
among those living with a larger number of subjectivities.14
inhabitants.8-9 It is necessary to develop care strategies in
About 18,2% of the elderly live with 3 to 4 health services to elderly victims of violence,
people at home, representing an average of already using the public health policies
3,3 per house, 34,7% reported living with available, as well as implementing nursing
relatives, and only 2,2% reported living alone. care actions in order to improve the quality of
In this analysis, there is a line with studies life of the elderly victim.
that say that the elderly who live with more It is noteworthy that are risk factors for
people at home are more victimized.8-10 violence against the elderly: the existence of
Regarding the participation in family dependence by cognitive decline, memory loss
economic activity, 27,6% reported other or motor difficulties to perform activities of
situation being retired, but with some daily life; the poverty; when is assisted by
financial contribution from the family. Most only one person; repeated absences to
people, who live with elderly depends on your scheduled appointments; improbable
income, therefore, favored the policy of explanations of the elderly or their relatives
social security benefits. This factor is due to to certain injuries and traumas; three or more
the increase in unemployment and the falls per year may be an indicator of the
growing number of adult sons returning their existence of violence against the elderly.13
parents home, developing a dependency, Regarding the type of violence suffered by
which can lead to financial or material abuse the elderly, this study shows the prevalence
against the elderly.10-1 of psychological violence with 54,7%, followed
The study shows that house environment, by financial/economic abuse with 38,2%,
where the elder people, who contribute 31,1% with negligence and physical violence is
partially or are responsible for family support, equivalent to 12%. The prevalent violence was
are those with the worst health and lower different from studies that show that 67,7%
functional capacity, as well as those homes suffer physical violence, 29,1% psychological
with elder people in older age.12 violence, 27,2% and 7,9% neglect financial
violence.2,13
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 10(Suppl. 3):1343-50, Apr., 2016 1348
ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.7057-60979-3-SM-1.1003sup201601
Guimares DBO, Mendes PN, Rodrigues IS et al. Characterizaton of elderly person victim...
Guimares DBO, Mendes PN, Rodrigues IS et al. Characterizaton of elderly person victim...