DIGESTIVE

SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ?
IT IS THE SYSTEM BY WHICH INGESTED
FOOD IS ACTED UPON BY PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL MEANS TO PROVIDE THE
BODY WITH ABSORBABLE NUTRIENTS
AND TO EXCRETE WASTE PRODUCTS.

IN MAMMALS, THIS SYSTEM INCLUDES

THE ALIMENTARY CANAL EXTENDING
FROM THE MOUTH TO THE ANUS, AND
THE HORMONES AND ENZYMES
ASSISTING IN DIGESTION.
COMMON DISEASE/ DISORDER OF THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

GERD

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE, OR

GERD, IS A DIGESTIVE DISORDER THAT
AFFECTS THE LOWER ESOPHAGEAL
SPHINCTER (LES), THE RING OF MUSCLE
BETWEEN THE ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH.
 Did you know?

THAT WE PRODUCE

1.7 LITERS
OF SALIVA EACH DAY?!
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM ?
IT IS A COMPLEX NETWORK OF NERVES
AND CELLS THAT CARRY MESSAGES TO
AND FROM THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
TO VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY.

THIS SYSTEM INCLUDES BOTH THE

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. THE
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS MADE UP
OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD AND
THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS
MADE UP OF THE SOMATIC AND THE
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS.
 COMMON DISEASE/ DISORDER OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
IF A PERSON HAS MS, THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
WHICH USUALLY FIGHTS GERMS
ATTACKS NERVES IN THE BRAIN AND
SPINAL CORD. IT DAMAGES THE LAYER OF
TISSUE, CALLED MYELIN, WHICH
SURROUNDS AND PROTECTS THE NERVES.
WHEN MYELIN BECOMES DAMAGED, SCARS
DEVELOP. THE WORD SCLEROSIS COMES
FROM THE GREEK WORD FOR SCARRING OR
HARDENING.
 Did you know?

THAT THE HUMAN BRAIN ALONE

CONSISTS OF ABOUT

100 BILLION
NEURONS!
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM ?
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IS A VAST
NETWORK OF ORGANS AND VESSELS
THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FLOW OF
BLOOD, NUTRIENTS, HORMONES,
OXYGEN AND OTHER GASES TO AND
FROM CELLS.
COMMON DISEASE/ DISORDER OF THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

HYPERTENSION
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IS A COMMON
CONDITION IN WHICH THE LONG-TERM FORCE OF
THE BLOOD AGAINST YOUR ARTERY WALLS IS
HIGH ENOUGH THAT IT MAY EVENTUALLY CAUSE
HEALTH PROBLEMS, SUCH AS HEART DISEASE.

BLOOD PRESSURE IS DETERMINED BOTH BY THE

AMOUNT OF BLOOD YOUR HEART PUMPS AND
THE AMOUNT OF RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW IN
YOUR ARTERIES. THE MORE BLOOD YOUR HEART
PUMPS AND THE NARROWER YOUR ARTERIES,
THE HIGHER YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE.
 Did you know?

THAT THE HEART BEATS AROUND

3 BILLION TIMES
IN AN AVERAGE PERSON'S LIFE
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ?
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM IS THE
COLLECTION OF GLANDS THAT PRODUCE
HORMONES THAT REGULATE
METABOLISM, GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT, TISSUE FUNCTION,
SEXUAL FUNCTION, REPRODUCTION,
SLEEP, AND. MOOD, AMONG OTHER
THINGS
 COMMON DISEASE/ DISORDER OF THE
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

HYPOTHYROIDISM
HYPOTHYROIDISM (UNDERACTIVE THYROID) IS A
CONDITION IN WHICH YOUR THYROID GLAND
DOESN'T PRODUCE ENOUGH OF CERTAIN IMPORTANT
HORMONES.

WOMEN, ESPECIALLY THOSE OLDER THAN AGE 60,

ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE HYPOTHYROIDISM.
HYPOTHYROIDISM UPSETS THE NORMAL BALANCE OF
CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN YOUR BODY. IT SELDOM
CAUSES SYMPTOMS IN THE EARLY STAGES, BUT
OVER TIME, UNTREATED HYPOTHYROIDISM CAN
CAUSE A NUMBER OF HEALTH PROBLEMS, SUCH AS
OBESITY, JOINT PAIN, INFERTILITY AND HEART
DISEASE.
 Did you know?

THAT TRADITIONAL CHINESE HEALERS

PRACTICED ENDOCRINOLOGY MORE THAN

TWO THOUSAND
YEARS AGO !
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM ?
IT IS AN ORGAN SYSTEM CONSISTING OF
SKELETAL, SMOOTH AND CARDIAC
MUSCLES. IT PERMITS MOVEMENT OF
THE BODY, MAINTAINS POSTURE, AND
CIRCULATES BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE
BODY.
COMMON DISEASE/ DISORDER OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MYOPATHY

MYOPATHY IS A MUSCLE DISEASE UNRELATED TO

ANY DISORDER OF INNERVATION OR
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. THIS CONDITION HAS
WIDELY VARYING ETIOLOGIES, INCLUDING
CONGENITAL OR INHERITED, IDIOPATHIC,
INFECTIOUS, METABOLIC, INFLAMMATORY,
ENDOCRINE, AND DRUG-INDUCED OR TOXIC.
 Did you know?
THAT IT TAKES

17 MUSCLES TO
SMILE AND 43 TO
FROWN
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM ?
IT IS THE FRAMEWORK OF THE BODY,
CONSISTING OF BONES AND OTHER
CONNECTIVE TISSUES, WHICH PROTECTS
AND SUPPORTS THE BODY TISSUES AND
INTERNAL ORGANS. THE HUMAN
SKELETON CONTAINS 206 BONES, SIX
OF WHICH ARE THE TINY BONES OF THE
MIDDLE EAR (THREE IN EACH EAR) THAT
FUNCTION IN HEARING.
COMMON DISEASE/ DISORDER OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM

OSTEOPOROSIS

OSTEOPOROSIS IS A BONE DISEASE THAT OCCURS

WHEN THE BODY LOSES TOO MUCH BONE, MAKES
TOO LITTLE BONE, OR BOTH. AS A RESULT, BONES
BECOME WEAK AND MAY BREAK FROM A FALL OR, IN
SERIOUS CASES, FROM SNEEZING OR MINOR BUMPS.
 Did you know?
THAT THE SMALLEST BONES IN THE BODY
CAN BE FOUND IN THE

EAR