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tTBoa [r oIlopeo l Bv|cvfuIa o oytapa. B e opa-
Bal )y o ya a- pr' e a xpallo
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teo I{ao pTa o po- oooIo tyxoeTa pIt.
o oo eoBa LI >vto Moatp B aatl{Ix paax pao
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BIIoo oyapTa. Ho oy. tlo B eI{ o aT-
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pe Ba Io' a e y- P rpor, oopI
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prpIBo ea opy c |llIal I{e oo yxoBIlI aTIp a-
oaoo poelr. o- I pTaI{' o VIII o
ylo oey pao- eaBl paTee oBr-
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ItoIlooa plvle aI' po. paIro poe,
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IpI{e. llaya llxoore-
BeIlI{ oytap pot. yeB aIIx Jio-
|] x yoBllJlx' oI opata ooB. opar oreIro
olo po' lleooe ooo- )l(II por oo peell, eo-
a le' oB yeBylo IIeI{Ie BoIII' xIrIr ecu,
oI{aIII llopo eo oe- oJIo IIllIl aJIoI{ IIe-
TBIIIe I{IlyI' yMeIIIT aI oeao a JI II-
y I(aoBIx oIII,IoB' o- II.II peeeoB. [ aaoo
TaBa oTIe IIpTaIiII' ooo xapapl{a oopeIra
aoI,Iea po o)I(a Ia IvlooaJIIIa Ilap,eo' B
(:oa rIeo JIo IIa. aoI{e a ep IIaII Iry-
TyIIarIlo or }lo- I|a te IIoyIIo eJIoBe-
oBaI{,I. Teopevy oIloy a. Ba, pexa ye,I. B o-
,l.oJllla
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lIapaBeII xpTaIIBa' oop. IIo' po JI oBeIIo' py-
10

TBye apTIia oro yta' o)- o apBapoo IrTa po)Ir-

ar oTopoo ypo r - IIoo p lvlpol\,I xpaTBa'
al p. opo o a paBl a.||4-
xaTooo p B- o oo' poo op.
o IIoBer ao po l aea epe' -
oao yTo' Tpa oo- opa yo paTypI' apo-
po poy o <oo pa- I{I aTo oaI{oo a-
au Ape Aa o pIap- aoIIaJIoo Ia' lx opa-
o yo eaoo pa paa- Ma aoo poop-
pall.|1 yo Bopoxe. a. Ba Tx opIIIx
opao pIlooo a. p, x Baopotloe
aoo pa poyaJla eo - oa pyo peTe
op' poope, yyp' oaaJlo aJrr a,I
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yt aao poI oBepula- peBoo pt.
o B yoBx ooBe o. Oooe oo)ell epB pIIe-
pI{Ix er. o par eool pr propeto o.
Ba py' oeB p- l{TBo peooo poBopr.
IloT o prteBoB, r poB- I{ B paapBaMylo oxy. -
te oe po. aa pe- oo, opa' IIpaBo' opaoa-
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)aBI, aoBI llpoIrIr epeB- BaIII oJIIl ooo-
)eE!'1' opaoa ItoBI apap- Io' oIIa peaJlIlo ae o
opoe. Ha ae pIrB- aaa B aeop,l' po)eI{I{I B
oB a poo apI{r BpeT- pe pe oo. o
e aI oeTBIII{oo a- pa I{ paporo oyap.
BJl _ o too I1|BI[Iw[alI a. oao o' aT
l{aao oppoa aoBo- epaBe' po oBapTo'
o oa. Co B - aooye ToI )I{
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paTep' oo o IIoo opeeo ,Uro eoo y-
aTyy oa B N,tpoo3p- r oo' ypalox polvl'
ypllo paB aao- aarroBpoa I ra
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paIIIo lupoopJl peBe- aatoo potlleBeoB; po}r
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*iiypa
I{Ie opMI IIe poIIIlIBa- apoa yJlypa -
oBeIIeIIy )I(II, oeII a.
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14

opaor yo apx- )IIIo' oTopa TiUIa o )I(-

eypa {ag JIIoTtIo o- TIII oa[,l. B aao po-
o)r B peIreBoo poe' B II a B oaIBaa B I{a.
oao oeTB' pao- o pe oe opr-
o ta yro eox, opa- o, v B BoTooxpTao
oBa - oooe ep' a Mp, ooy e o3Il
Io ooyre' Iray ye- oBepIIIIrl p yoBo ppa-
o Tepaypl prB al' ItIx opao, a roBpIIIIITBo
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yTBo apt yTIlI JIoBo
oaao ao l aa B e.pe l,ra. e
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aT o y)ltM o p op- yx o Bopa ep-
r, oaeI yTBaI,I yo pI opoT' a ooly
apap. o opIao pe - yT o) eaJIa \[Ic'|!|
yTBo Boo)o BIxtT a a yTeI pav.
a To yTTapoo aa- yao B yTe aaoo
t <)o;loB B aM'. peBoB popa p-
ea a pIIBoBoo - oTo.
TBa aroUla o o- Oo (.aerlx poo
BI{lIo aar. oo ae- ypI
- oop. o opo
Iraptly oI' a' aprra-
poBiUIo o r o oaor'o
oa ) oToy ro o- at p,e, oI{ )a B oIIoBe
r4opaTIiIM' e yBo epooo oa. B
Bo pa' oopor apeoBa- oopa oyo B rpoIx
o III ooIIr,I. opae- aop, a3ao aopa-
o rpoo ayop, o- lt BBoo)III perBo-
ooT apoIIyT re ylv1 ylily BIx <<BIlx>. oopoe l{aa-
r[ro pBo ToMy' T o aBaJIo o e a B yroTe-
yBo e oo Iloppoa aType' oooTBoo yBo.
IIprTaBeIII, aIltt ype- Ha xapaep oeo opoIloo
Ma. Bo aoooIIIIl a- BvrIi|e oaJla a)I( Taa xapa-
Tpa pa pIleBeoBoo oIIa-
aa
- a o peyeTB
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pr Ba ITyaa epo - I{' a o aa pepo-
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oBaJIo eTr JIo - 3pe' o)oT orIro opy-
yo perrx ro opa,(ilI )to eoea Mpa o}r
opeerI{Ie TopottI l{apolloo epe)BJI To o B
oa' oooo o r- oIloIlo le roo. aoe
, o eopaTeoo o y- Bopao a yeIIIa
y. po Too' y Boe e. o oo' oBeE}to oI{-
yTBo peo a. poe pIrp IIp oo
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16

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aa a ae a pII' o- )l(!loB, KyJIopo' llop

por IJI' a r o- oxpaIIJIa Mea eoopIx III{X
pa rIr}lrx e. eea oao ypoBe )oo
I{o II poBoo
II' opal{vlary| Tpya
oBI aepoB pot o}ry
py pyy, Ilpaa II a)
o Ilxyo(eBIlo rpe epe- o poIrB/IIIIl yBa o
o pytBo eaJI B ry BoIII{y III a ot y
ylo pa/{yu2. a oo.
<<Ilpee roo oJIeBa I{e
eo pIlreoBoo lvlpoBo. ooIr aepoB.
IIp|w Bo IIoo opea pIIeBoBI xyo(Ko
pelr ya o ox ooy e oo rBIIe pe
aaeo, aor IIIpoo- oItoo aoe.
y oxBaTy oyIrIIIx oIIaI{Io Xapapa ooeo peI{r
IIpeaBeE o pr' eIty ooo a _ ro ea,I
oe oparx 11 pro. Pyo ly t a1.
pIlIx y. o po aepzIrro e
. o prIIBeoB; yBo
,/ t{apoa ooBa aex
yB B pIr Ba aIoaJIa B po[IBooa:Ulo ey' o -
BIpaaJIo' al{oBo BIIII e
ao ae oJIlIBIIoo xyo-
BopeTBa. Cpeee- Brpa,eI{M. a oa,
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Illep poo B '| apT pap-
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'Il|J!o oBBy r o- I{o yTypI BIya ep
j(llJIoo oTBa, aoo I' p'.a oaIx BaTT-
l aTa
I .Ta .opo. : po o,a Ia o-
lll par oa aa- TT oaaT atloT x Ba.
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lrt]yTBa' '' To pItTo IlaIBaT orvr. o yl poI
jtl{aI{i' poBooaa. t aI oa p-
i[,t BIooM yTy: opl, BeotsI po oTBo o-
{)()BllI B ol yTa' oo. Ao yaTor
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(ieo tpaoao oo* ) prBoBIx aBTopoB.
lIll ort oIto ao.Ba
i
opaRllo.opaI{Ta-
illl pI oM Bo- aTIiIIr4 I{alIM llla Ba-
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rilrr oBo. o.ol- BepItle oI{Opaee op-
l{ aToT o pa- I' oo IyIIao oN{ y-
!ltI{Ix Taax. r. pea o- oBtloo Bo BItllIioo.
,IaH oTpa aTo -}I- Barooute aao Bo.
.lo y,pI yTapoo llt Boo.to-Po MlIp
l itrpll opaBlxx a.- t.lt .llo<l: aIBa o_
llo' t pol l{TtiBItoO pll(. op. orM-
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18 BB

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pepo oTpIulII ep o aao [pa}ro poI
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x poeoB B )I{ aaIro- pr, oxlBa po
pox pali. e a V o prIlt a, oBa.
oaIBJI poBiLI{I oT- a oxo la eoa-
BBe BaTrlo . a' pe oppa ro
Cel Boer oBp. oBop yTypt. oa o-
ao TBoprTBo prx Ma- ra TttBI poBoTo-
TpoB' ptarx poy. e aI{TI{Ix apBapx .
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pol paBBao a poT)rl{ pBIl\,I IIoa,I paIrIx o-
o IrT' B lloopIx oMo.
paax ToT eo pay a Bopo TaII (BTopa oa a
oe et po. C - lI , B p ('p o)
ac^| oe
xyo)TBIro oa pxooM ooo
po oT'eIIIx pa I po oe pao ae, opo-
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palx Taax paB'IT|l. B a r oBeI TTyoB
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TBI I aaI oaT Bpo- a.|1| paIx y.
I; a aIoo ar a. o po oTMe o)ll o-
TIII I a pa I{pa- Bpo oo xyo)eBd'o
o BpoI' oIIIx opI p- T' oTopI Borrl B Topt
oT ypBlt.lx B) ao- I]o aBar <<poaoo>>-.
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yo px BeoB Io a- <<oo>5, aa Bo opo oo-
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l paoo ya. Ooy p3ytoT oa .oT p-
preBooo Ta oTaBa Bv|T|, rI o' aeIlo
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lM Topay eTo. oMp TpTyp| 14 |4opa.
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B pr Ba I oop. aM B yypo > -
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t pt, To MaTIopa oy. o)rM yoBl{o pI{T Ty aTy a
MaJIa )Bo' To aT- Bpxlt palr IITop|4 p.
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22 ccco AAo PoI v-vIII BoB

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pu. . 526 z. P

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aoe ItaeIII oaaJlo Caa, Il }IaBIII plloo

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pay papyIIIT e oa
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rao IlepBoaaIto pa
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pooBta. roB-BapBa.
po e to eoo oaoo
ya' oooo oBT l\,Ir-
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pao' pevItl aoBoo
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pe Iro rueur IIp)Ilx yToB
aaa o a B pe opa-
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ll('IllI IloIIaooB TooB oaTIp. -'ee IIp
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It(tjt()B. o o l'o (.oBpa aroo oe)T, ooBaoo
I'\,JITI po a aa Bo- tr ollyo aoop
l() p. (o. 477-o. 587 .). o,ao oe
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rtitp.Ba op)BaJI OaTI; TBa pooo Ta o ao
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IlITy peoIlI BopoI. TBa ypaT p roBa
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Nla l{apaI{oT oI{a. o)Il oaBa p,Te opa.
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t)pa poBeeHI7 aI{TIlI aBo_ .o o Bo ooTBTBoBlIa a-
1ltl. aa pop I <B> (o. paT oIl To o eo
540-604 .) a o poi oM paplo 3a-
(() pooe y) p- oT Bx le.
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24 .j{.L]'lB} t],IF] L]otll \'' ViIl EOl]
 TBo AAlII{o PoI v-vIII oB 25

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dul. . 500 z. Hloppz, ep"+tu
ruot "t

I() ptuu op u nozpeu

eepz. !peo. . 850 z' oo,
up ummu .tt efi dp o mfr

IloBepxo Ii oI a pvpoop. o x
('pepI IJ.I1ITN|k|' I IIIy- opoI{I T prIIIe tpy-
l)itlvl' epIo. a - IIeeaM.
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[avvl, a aI{aB- aMII olra a IIoBepxoT
(. o lloyoTpoe. o poxo)- pfl ypar|lvI' BaB-
llr BIa xyto)eTIlI B Br oIIx roarx
lloa{ Marpo pIv1 IIpo. aIIo e,y ooI peo.
|| yTBolv1 apooB' )B- poaM' oTopI opaoBlaJ
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o"{.I4}p.o.'"-
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l|oo>> TJJ. B.pr eo aoIeo alI{aI{II' oI{e eo il{e eB-

l)llpopae - oxa epee- poe paaTI eTIIoe e-
l| llapoto. o. arpa oxpoMoo
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MeeM' oopoe epeJlo o IIepoaI{III' ppoIx
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oB MaTpaa
IlpropoaIx lUI oJIe ep- BJI KaIIe. o ooao
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26 .o A.Ito PoI V-VIII ot]

l IIT' Bpe' a xapaTp apBapx opoB BoTB

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o, ypatalo I. I o oao. a]Ka o-
B V VI Brax BrT oToa a' a.a oTaM' ypya'
pa oxpoI MaM' T}opM aop
po al, eoTI ae aM, yTpoBa oTBl
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[ eox xapaTpo o yTBa. Cp IIoT a
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po)(oT aots op y papo'paIr Caa
Bapapx opo. Cp x o- aoaox x. aa-
poa, Ha-
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C-or, Ca.oo oyplroIo o)III Il-
(l Mx Bl, aa To}lI T. t opa-
xapea). aa yappaap T paIlocTpaIJJIc oToIx
To oxoT BoTBtIir - a Po p, IIIII
prt o oTy poB - Ilpep) a, a t.ll
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TI Pa (VII .' ap, x opTBo TilJI o.
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y). , aa ooopoo oprrarT
o p papoTpaIt pa- o)o T B pe py-
TBa yTBo oxpoMtto T ra IV V BoB, o}Iao oIlo
poo py epoo o. paB l]ao(. B pBo o-
xoa. BTIlo Mao ToB' p- otl VI , oa epl
BapB' oao ooy:eIx oTI pope yBo-
Il' /{ oTopIx BIT aavylo opay' ypa
oa "a Tot'' (o. )oTlloo yTpaTa oT' pa-
600 .' opoBa oopa B aa I{a aT, a,a oTolx
Moe). opa Boo)oT aoor_
oo o a.ttIx xyo) BIlIx oo yeTBoBaI{. Co
poBoIx oa '
op aaI{Ix oax pol
Ta oy V e .. a.t- paIe TaJI oo)a a.
3opaTI{l l y) rpeaI{oT eoo. BIe-
y MTo olvlTppoaI{o- )T oo ao BoI
opay. po ToT po- TpaTooeoo oaTa y a-
o Bo Mltoo I{raBl\4o oT Bap- poo aao poI. Ta*. at-
Bapx op: ar o. at pt pl (.T po-
BaN,IoTB Typl a BIlyTpIl pITlM B).
pItx poBIr yTBo Ii' Ito oxpa eary}
plIIIx aooB. C opaoa TpooT oo. ooo 700 o.
 TBo AAo PoI v-vlll BEo 2,7

l l Bdu u Xop. ctlu.

. 700 z. , npotmo
umopuu

/{apo3oIIIJIo oeeIIr BepItoo pII. ItreoopI I{x Bo-

()paIla oI{' IIopotB Bo. I{ Il e oeB preM-
py ay BpIloo TJI. opa. I{oMopoo a. a opa,Ile
MT Ta e oe aa- plvl ra ollea o[I-
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llo yypI epalle. TBope- apI yp roe. Ha o-
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,I'o o aa opxaya (o.
aav BI{ee rp-
pIe oooeIII{Ir yI 700 .' a, My poro
(Jpaa oyaa (VI ., Hope- opu||), B oTopo par Be
l'). CorIe e' oTaBII- opae oa Boaa, III
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MTI' ItaeIIIe B oep reo xpTaIIo o-
()o (o. 850 ., oo, p. peTa oparee BoIJ.a c
t: y po). a a- o IIa re Hepoelrop-
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28 CCTBo AA'IIo BPoI v_Vlll BoB

]2 mL ttt. ,3m p od meHI, pu m Mpu u B.

m o.,\o 7 7 4 z. uud-u. p uu
 To IIIIo Bollt v_VlII BoB 29

| 1:ll)apo yTBo pTaBo pI{Io' opoor a opa-

Il|ilI oIto aaeN{oe ypr pa- ao. Haoe I{aTI{I
'l(
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rlltrt Io paatao a o ooo o_
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l
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ll( l'o, oTol Ta a- e pBI poTa oTBe-
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rrtr. B 3a oIIToII]I y) pl\,I llIpaTop
ti:IltlTBM ToToB' ylto pr' ollyraJIl
llitFrao aIl Po e- aBoe Toopxa (o. 526 .).
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l.t!I oI ooBoo alttx oopy>, aBo
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i':{' Ba. aapo. B 70- oo 'o pyo oMTp-
..o't VIiI a aopo p- op Moo IlJlooIo yo-
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l..{}o o(.oM (.Tt}y oap-
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]
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, ttHit 0!'MoM Tpo o . IIIlI pIM r, o-
'io. Bo BoI oT p}tlx a, paIt.
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 30 CBo o BPo| V- Vlll BoB

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 To AAIlo BPOI1I v-vlll BoB 3 l

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lltu7ttutt Bao ap Ca [ro.
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oB. Toy ) aTBo Bo o oTprrlo opaoB, B
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32 yo AAo BPoI v-vlll BoB

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34 o AAo Pol v-vlll BEol]

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paIII Bea r BIIaII. . aopoo oa,

paea, oe opa IIa Ipaeo o' oe,I
oI plvlx' paBrIIx Bo. oop o ape arro I-
.oIIIx Maepo' Baoe y' )o oee IIooIIa
oee ya)alo oop- allIla.
JI,I opaopll aa ap ae, y o oxpaBIII
Bae a (VIII .). o aIl' ro ar elrpoltl
oroe oopyelr BeTIIo poBotBa aIItIIx peo
Ta)I( IIo aBaII <aoap- t oo aape. ltlvlcl-
pau. ar ee oII Io oI{y po.
aeIlI xop, aT oopoo ooo,o ypa I.l opae.
pael{a ooIIaM a p aT' a xoo eI xpaa. Aap
a)a Ill,tx rpepIa Irtp. ep Ca ap (o. 740 r.),
lleIl oa' e ap aoapoo opo Paxa,
- peoI.
poo apy)I xpa oao ypa- ypaIIIIl pIt,l eBae
lIIe J,). Ha xoo ee o- ea}I. B opar oIIo.
xpaJIII peer ypI I| By r ooIII
paeIITI' oIIeIII IIo 77 4 r oa ' IIoIIoI oyBye pex-
lr TxI{ IIoxpoMIIoo yo, {epo popaBa. ypt
pael o )o. <<aalo) a oepxo a{II,I'
Per BIx e B Brpxe p- at o) ppaeI pa.
l'p alra pea e e opl{a' pacTeIIIt, ooa-
36 o AAo BPoIII v*vlll oB

- *i*
"* *.

17 Qpl m pu. 'o B4B z. po


18 IJpo m pu l:[po.
mepep
alor IIoBy' aJlll o opa.
rTaIII oo,r.,{eopao
cTItIra| IIotBepJI l,Iopa(e.
II IIa ..e aao (e
762-776 ., ae' oop).
B orI VIII * aaJle I ea a-
eo o)Iee xyo'(TBeII-
Eo ) Aoo oJlvo-
poBal0. B o p u","n-'." nu.
II{TI{' oaIIIlI I{a Io allv.
TppopaIlo oll aIII Ba-
aIIrzINII| e oo epo Ba'
oopoe a po(eI cToe1I _
epetIII VIII o epI I e-
a _ epe,Bao llopy paa. Ha
o Bpelu atar otalle peo
ep Caa Co eeeo (o.
762-800 .) opaop oaIpe
Ca Beo lJI Boypo
(82G-84). Po Caa Co
oxpaIIJI paeapo. I{o o,
o olo' /oBop o EaeIIo.
To AAo BPoI v-vIII BEoB 1
eoBaBIeo al{a-
. Haxo a yx peota oT
epoeoo aoa aIIIIo K
pyaoBaIII opaa
peIIeBoB' )o Caa Co-
ee ytp,aa pa}Ioe
r)I(ty aTll}I B)eIIe
yxor opIBo. ora o-
oaJla oB(IIo llpya
pa C Bver1o.
a.ray I ea oEo oI
ote }ro3aIloo ya P-
. Cpe pIvlx oa oo
Bpe},leII ayrr oxpao
III eop ep Caa pae.
e' oopI oapyae epe-
y aIIa VI oe'
Cpaee o x o oo-
,Ioa IIa oax Apxe[-
oo arI Paee (VI .)
aJII Ca [eo (8|7-824), lptl-
lt,IIaIo Caa paee, a-
38 Bo AIIAo BPoIII v_vI]I Bo

w
I

t
"u ,

Ito el,topllpyT yT' po.

I{I )I(BoIo a IIyBIIIe o-
eT. apxeo oe-
oo lloTpoer,Tea VI a B p-
o oa I ovI \e|lv[uI
l ol{ypI yp' B yoB-
oM oplB ypl{lx -
Iroy Tpy r oo _ o-
yyp pa eao. pa-
oIIIe oeTa oeB o- 19 ,Quu o p uo"tI. Knum
oTo B aJI <paBeTBIoT)> epu dpo d H. KLul.
popaBo' IIpBpaaIoT eo B y- 680-711 (?) zz.
xoIty plly. 20 K17ecm co efu|Lu mpmfr Xpumo-
Bopa py pl4o )Bo' L. Klt. . 900 z. ocmep-
o aaea Boop- 6o. Du
To AIlo BPOI V-VIII Bo 39
40 o AAo PoIII v_vIII o

21 uu <<Kozo zeu>>.
Koe VIII . ,Qu, uuom
Tpuumu-odra

poe cTkltrI, o ale Ceepo Ap-

'(TBoaIeo
paBeIIa pa o. arrr xyo(eBeIIIIIe I
rpB Ca e ("Boee Iloao a rpBIx opa opQII-
Xpa"), oopre BIeIo op- oe aeee. otte )o-
)eIIoIo' olroo e- IIoo a}r oBoJIo Ilaoo yep.
oypo aeltx o.
IIIX )I(a pM}r apxypllI
oIx eI pao. )aII. Oo IIeoIrx pa-
Catro oea il{aIo- Bee apxeypI BeT-
IIIIX
pa oa <<o . pop,l>' oToo oyapTa
- epo Ca
ya ao -e.Ceppao (oea
IIaaIIoo Bepoe o aay e-
oa o (1 96_1 99' ep, o y- 661 .). B o peToll,l aII
tapella oea). Il oor a, o-
BopI epo peeIa a- rrio orx atpo aI'
o apapo pat a - ootye yvea aIry.
J?d ii * p o . o6p a o a - o. pB yopoelllla po.
ie o .i iioBe V a o- toa a ) BapaIr a.
-yll3P-To 9ooB Bo o apa- I' BIxoIIIr po pae.
boo aoBa'| R 711_718 oax epepIe p Ca ya a-
oxpallo a,Iooeo. oo o-e-epao oae )o}I-
oep,ao TrI{Ie oaI r. HoI o opoe ro
Boot Cpeoope' oJIIIe oooopaIx apo.
 CTo AIIIlo BPOIII v-Vltl oB 41

lztll nrpii,. uumrllt <<oomoz lttp1puo?tl o)e>,.

(| p d ult V I I J . m,l l zo , K o l o tt t,tonl
1
42 yTo 3AlIo BPoIII V-vlII oB

2 uo |?um m. u-
,ump <lzu u,'ppo>.
Bmop noJloul7tt VlI , !u, u.
JI u o m (t T p u u mu - o ) r t

ut xpa Booo IoIIeElM B Txe ooo

p,lBeJI apeTypy Beo. peea a o oe.
oo Bpee ylloa a apax' o aBoeaII apaa{ Io
paoplrI oo, opa- T lloyoTpoa oa IIa ee.
Ceepo
I, BrIIIe B oeB po-aa oxpalla olo ra.
p. Coo oo o Til,IIa tpo yy xp-
patkrvl o oee Bp Bo aIIo ajl,' oroa l{aaa
l\{oo aTpyIIe aToBy yx opa a oootelle o apoB
-
prBoxoIIIx aIlo p- proTa. B llaae I Ba
oo oyoTpoBa - epe Ca o opaoaBIo t o-
ep a Hae (o. 680-711 .?) yapBa a;r oeo. B opo-
Caa ap arr-e.a- opoa oxpaIIJIo eI(oo
B. oa xpaa peaeIII praeIlIx llo)oe' oIeTB-
IIoo BIooo aBa po- Ix oxy paBeTa IIoBoo o-
TeJIIIIx pao or oy- oo epa.
ao opa]o a- Braro apxTeTypIlvl a.
. [e aIITe Ca epo o epeIII I ea p-
a Ha ypaIeI{I yoBlro pao. TaT apatr a Hapao (o
BaIIIiI BrToaBTIII I{a' 848 .). o I pBar B epo
 CCTBo o BPol v-VIII BoB 4
('aa ap aTIlo M I a paBT yBa
(ltolo apoy. I-{po Hapa- pax oTpoo a Hop-
(), oaa l{roBopt oeo- p, r oIr oto
|]ll3' IraMeyT otloBpeI{o aI{oopaI yI xyo)-
llir(ylo xy a yT TaItoB .BeI{Ie TpI{ aeoo
( prBooo oa a. Cpoop' eTx p-
ll:]aMoBe aI TIII p. Max M, o) oeo-
Ma' Tea yopoI{ BI{Tpert- par <<opoo>> T.
IIo popaa' xoT Itr lII- pa B o pao p-
til poTBop, BeeI' oao' o t Tpa}ro po ao-
xorBroy y. l yTypI. p.aoe o.
l,il ytIlIe poop Bo aoo oxpao p-
:lpa Tol\,t ooaNI paroT )T poooo Tpo. leo
taro paIo oyxoTopItoT. poBoperre rToB TiUIo o-
Mapo aro a Il pay' My pax a'
llpyp|x aMl oo' oItIx a' aoo a.
('OpIueBo BoaTI oTpy- a. popx ypaur,
r (oa Ta)a p Hapao o lx e o ro. p.
l|ppITI pe Boa. aTBo poo a opo IV
M op)IM ap), op- Tor. B V oo papT.
|Ba opaoa oo aII- pao aBN,ro o Pa. a-
;t IaIo o ar o yro y pa oa
l]IoTrIlI o 3aep[Ilto oa' TopI I.lI o
:lpxTtx oa I ea. aoe opaoarrl poe.
Ilaxr Tpol,r pT>e| - Ha oa VI a pa
yTa paro pI{BoB a- MoI pao yIloI'
l)y o Cpoop iUI Tpa oTpoBl{oo yBa B
lipae oToBa. py paIe yo pot. Hae-
pIt I(o pa xoT ax T MI Bp-
||:lo)o op}l| T|lao ar y, Ca-ae,
||a )It oTpoBa' oao lle o ayp, Cepo al a -
l'.lryox o'. B a VI |4|1.
lia pa aII ta a- B Beopa xTaTBo
.| yTpaa. oo,o TI{o aao papopa.rc VI a,
rio yTypl t y opy o o}loT oep)a.'Io oey B vII
l1pa oa. Haa- . Ha Bpe A eoBaa
( B pelltl V Ba al{roao- paa poB' a Ie
( o aBBaIre p pa. otipl' oaIIIe Pa.
- n4-
( yypI Tpa; o [p yBo pa
HM otlo o3eB oTpoBoB BTIl o aI apo-
ll(.yTBa ltoB. Cp opao- o. Pao Cao-y oa-
||itlllx B Teee V-VII e oM tel,I| poI
;lllt,JIoaox opo B }I- )ea' ypa[rIlI ev-
44 lco AIAo BPoI v-vIII Bo

I4 e opaMrIlo. B e
oI{pyly po p pa-
xpopaI a. Ca
pBeo eoo opEaella - B
epepIBo l{aflp,eIlo B-
(' B pIo BaIlo.
opoo yBo paKpIo
aoe po B > Ma)-
pe. B palrtx lvtaepx Bo-
Ilo ooo apavoe
Mo. B oyteo pe, a-
o B BpMrIIa oaBao palr.
o al{oaoo oIo.
IIaIIaI{o oo BopaJIo
a ae a. ye oo-
cvl|lc a o pe,
aJIIoa re B tpaoyro ooo.r-
y' oaylo oprIloo op- 1Z otu'tett l{u
ompo .
aIITa. opoo o peBpa- uz-. o B22 z.
o yBery y aa- z nmumputi' VLVII . Brnp-
I{oo a B aJIe Ta ooYro u ud. Bcl
Bo AlIo BPoI v-vIII BoB 45
46 yo o Pol v_VI BOB

yo)eTBy op ypaIII-
II at
- IliUI.
ao-pax pyox oT-
aIT opol\{Ix papoB' aoIlJI
oo r Tay. x opa
BIoaeT paoopaIr oBI'
ooBa oTopI pa T-
o al. pax
opyp oaTIp Bo-
ToI{ CpopM opl-
opo poIro opa-
Ix loBo' oaI B
oll,{ pr. Aoaotto a-
Boa pIlo oo opt
eo4epoo opa{rTa, Te-
ypaIrI4 Bpoo .
Baoe paoopa-
IlI eI{oB oao oBop.
I opo ro .
aIopI.
,Il.peur o opoo o- 2(l tumputi tt lt' VII . m
l ..ae .{appoy" (opa
-
ooIla VII .' ,y' oe.
a Tp-oera). B ope a. CoaIo oTooo )}to-
o eollloo o paMpaM a- a I re BrpIr oI.
ypTa ot aIe <<ae xepaxa" (o
o poxo)IlI opaN{IiiIIlI VII ., ap, Haoaa -
opI: To' aBT' I|v|pa, oa) BIee peB.
papt, eTI' opaye I op a>elll,BoIx
-
o)IlI eeIv|' p oTopI oo aI{eToB. B yp
oI{aIoT paTTIIIe oI Ba epaI ro TpeoT'
ooBI aa (BoTI{Ix' o yTpaIaloa IIIa.
aoI{eI eJIl paI. Ho C *xepaxoo ae>
c.rvll| aoo opaelta oTa BIoa ilIpa-
ypaotla payo Boe: B oT oIITypo .
paoo(I{ ooB aeT B a or opoBIIo
l\lp' paa opa- oe t o-
IIIoI paeBo
e It paoe o. y. aBIlo *ae ea>
TBy xyo)B <<a vl (oe VIII .' \, oa
flappoy" to vyro opare Tp.or,a). o I
eoa B o opavex op- eIa po opaea-
ax. A, pBapIo a- o aa. oo o3aa
oT Ma' peeIro o- B IoBpI{I yBo:
 TBo AtIAtlo BPoI v-vIII oB 4.7

'l

opaIlaEa )aIIa opIr- pIo ypaIr opa.

Me a paoel oJIa eII,I' a o To BeeyeT
BeIroo a. B pax yopo <ooo eepp oe>
oeoo Eae>, o
- (epea VIII ., Coo, op-
yep(o yIx' o tep,alrllo Br- a oea).
aBIx' ro oT pI,ITo eB. o.reo vII*Ix BoB petaB-
TeIIo IIpoI' peBopeIII Ilo a pax opoBax B ep-
xo)eIto aa3, o yxa ylo oepet IIopoaM'! vIprIaE-
oopovBa pytBIx . . .{epea apxypa' oo-
I]o oa' oopt o po, roeo' IlpateJaa Br-
olia ra paa o3. a po' e toIa' o ee Blwle
Boee peeIIooporo oyo aeIIIIlx o)oax.
ya aJIo-Baoo o. pae IIaI4 VII_VIII eo
a ao oyTMo o- oop o ao pa;t|TIl po.
p VII ea. I.{ero, eo eII. oalp p.
- a eIIo oxpa-
oTopoo papopao ,I aIryfu'
Pa, 6l eepep. ora I- o aoIIIee orBo ae-
l oIa otaa IIpIIyprrIe I a o aIlpoe
o'I' IIaaI{IIIe ooolt4' e- |1o'|JI1| -
plrep BooIIIx
eI{ByIoyIo o l1oy aT- oe: a otuo eppop
48 o AAo BPoi v-vIII Bo

,ffiTLrffiffi
27 Kpm, uuut u dopamuIlI|,
Fa L. mplLa p0nucu <'
ut1ozo ttp.mpu,. o
750 z. Pu, IJlmu.rl uuom,tt

2B Bomulttt opoa Puum. -

dr omo, dpzorL| tt"t,|u. VlI '
dpud, Huor,t apo"1ozL|'
u "tt.ti

e e rot rIIo px opoB'

aeJII. oaIp a oTpoBe oopIr paliI oeel{
Crr- (er &22 e |225 epoI{Ix oIIIlaJIIx
.) BIoa Be aIII Ie aepoB.
ooo papoaIx IIo yTya Hor papI oee p-
iI oyepex aIlIx aII oaIpe I{aoT a
x,tl. o orl ayxo, I o To' To ooy)I(el{e o-
peeli Byeo pTBopa' o prpy Iex
BpIIIaJIo
pyo opaoarx ae. yo oy. o-
I{a opIToil{
Cp patIl epoBIrI a- rTo oollIl B ao Jlyae
paei' opr aorr Be TaoBa aa a' ypa-
opaop aapye (I .). o [IeIIa pTo. o BoII'
eoruo poooe a' - a l{peel apy pal{-
pepIToe o pIry o(I{oo x lt4oalp aoo
oa o ooI IIIIlo ala, aI p.
poeoB. B pao Bte opoBlro p
Ha roo-oo A aeI{oe e oo' peToI{y' aJIIo-
oeTo paBJIo aroap e- I{ylo B py' IIaBpIe' I{epeo
 yTo AIAIro BPoII v-vIII Bo 49

o)oBIII peI I{e y'( II-

poo papaoare er Be-
xoo ooo ao (pe o-
aepoe' to 925 ., pa)'
peer r oIl po-
BoIlo opo)I(eIr,I l\.toy-
eIIaIIo yJIypI epoe-
o peIleroBoM yBe.
Baer epol\4 oppoa
pIIrBoBo yypI aa r.
IIIa pMa poBIl a. B
oe V Bea a ee epppIo op-
pa epIrr etyro-
eo oe aBaTI4II ee IIo
oIloIo. poe aJI-
x pao o (48l_511),
poa JIeIIapoo poe, a
epI opo Bot{IIIeo pa-
oo oyapa. o e -
aT Mepoo epo ola
V o au"rra VIII ea yoIlo e-
yI epoBtIM. o pe o-
eI{ paeolx oorrrerr
Bo BaIl pao. poe po-
TeaJI llepaoepo. B Ceepo
ope l{eoroo p}royoIlo- Tapl pIIIoe ae oaa.
o paa. opxo pTa o ore' e oIIIe
ypa[I.Ia pBoaaIro paIl- ep)aJl aoIe epI x
oIIIlIlu opoBIIII opllaIlo4 oeeoo yata yypI.
(<CeepI peT> Axe, VIII., Ha re aIlI}r oaao Bo-
pavl). Crorrr opae- e plvlx pa. B e-
IIL|NI ooJII{
ooIly olly' paIlI oax o o}r Celre
oTyta aao x oTeIIIIoe pooJI I Te
papopaee B pxe oa o3aIIIx BapBapx IIa-
pa. po To o pa a. otvry poey oooa-
a pyee VIII I eo. ..pe o a,e plr;le oo xp-
^
ya> (pa) ypaell lloBo. aBa o aoI{lleoy opy,
3aBeIIIIvr e}Ia. o oer B poTolloo(Ilo apao
otepyTo ooo allepr' epII' oopo pep)IBaJIo
ypr o,teTppoBaI' oro Bapapo poe.
BatpaIIIx eax opoIvI}IIx py- Haor papopaIll{e xp-
JIIx aax BIIa llpola a- aIIo oyJlo a Ioe; eBp.
ltopa>el' B X o tIIx oJlax poII p-
 50 yo AIIAo ol v vlll o
o eo pBp)rI ) ai er' O BopIlalo a -
opao IIoeI{x opooo at oT.,{pao
IIa. opT oo' Tp py-
paa yToBa axT. x oI{Tpy'I'BttIx MItoB a.
pa oI{JIa lra ppTop a o BeyIII oBo ap
aoo o I{oa pao. po- C -a ya, ,paolrlro a.
aao To I our p- pyetvloo VtI ro. -
a opaa pM o, p oaeT eo) roN4T-
oee x a BoT Blryp pex oe, BIoI a-
opl(x p. Mt ax TBoI!{ a. Capyr a(
)e aoI a t opol{ T pyot po-
aIx eTpx o. o' op rll|.|p, TroI
op)I{. fipeura 3 oxpaB_ aIloB apo' il{)y oTopI-
r
- pOB C ep
III a aII{I eopaTBI
o Be (pa Ooa V a). MoBl' lorl B pao .
oooI p C p paM. ,,op TrppaoTI IpJl
pa tpy paI{x a'r a- ollpeIrlry po B opIIIl
.p'op .'pa a-
V-Vl BeoB, a io)o a-
o oaItlr opItoB' o pao aao.
to oe ar ylroa B ooo i} 3a
I{a poTpaI{TBo' IIIIoprBII- rpeBIltlI rppI' o e ta
IIo IIpIIIIeTByIo ae. Pa- IrooTIo ypaelra VII-VIII -
rM Too HavIt|aIJ a . ax a oBe BooB.
I{a o oaIo pop Typ. p orutx o ax tl-
oo po C ap Typ po a palr aT.
(o. 470 .)' oopa eJIa a- O a pa' elo]r'I
, paoo(l o poo BoaTo opI' BeT p-
o. BIoTItI oar oo. a C opa p (VIll .).
a JIyT all.|l ry a- Ha re .paI B pT l\{oaTIp
y. yapp (vII .) oI ltI{
B ooo yI opaEo- eBIUee epBaaIlo'-
T oIII par a a- pI{e ppIT. pa B
Tep. a V ea pe- app paET ypaIIIIlI pr-
r r avo pa - o at apa aop.
peaT aoI aT- l a. B VI VII ax po_
I{a a' VII ey al. BoBo paoprx a
BaT ItoBo olll'a apxTyp- poaBJI aBTaI{e TpI.
oo pTpaTa. ap oopI op a aT}rl o-
Ba (VI-VII .) e pIr,to- paI. C ee Bpe Il"
yoI a per'oopaIio pa. JI exa ooBe y.
oo)eIIIl\{ oyyIll,l a- yIrIx opa,ll I4.
a' oopIe ByT ypalrI Papopa [Io oyp-
apa}r; JIoTllo pTarl I papoBal pylro a aM-

 CTBo AAo BPolI v-_VIII BoB 5l

lI' oTopI B I]aax VlI

a ToI{o ya3lBar a B epoB-
Ilyay, Brre, Bepy pop.ll o aIpI BeTIlI a-
tpaa.r eopaIII xa. M yoaI a. C o-
l)aTp. I{' a a)e o py al{a
(, VII o artM a- potltI poBI{yro al
.rIO poIloo yBa Taa epo Cpoo op a-
tt(a aIopa. I.{p Ilo- eTI' IIee .. C e
||at|l| oea Cepo oToo yBa IBa}o o-
l'iut. e axoo oroe BJII{ pe pyo Topo
.llro pytlI arpx (oa- ooBIII VIII ea )ltl.l]lx o.
t.tp ypy op par, oaIx Booo
l{a UIol.{ Bpo-BoTo' . a. Bpee o-'rtl 780 oa
to p oIIe -ya- apyrT <eo Capa-
t,p.yap,
-
Typa, aa, poa ap> (apr, Haoaa -
-
''tp.). apTl To opl o oa), Irer aepo
-
Ilo pMyy ypee M. Mt apro
I{ oIlI{ o1oB e; yopaoM ooIlo T. a)-
ar' B.IpaIo pre. o- IIIOI{' peTo ao B py-
BBoaIrIr I x oTy- a.
.ByIT: aIopl{I aa Ha opo oo o l oa-
()aBa poTe o- l Ba 3aaIlI aI{a
f apaIII I{aa. po- )I(oo yBa ..a
I ypaT pe B ap' I{o- a'' (opa-
ooI{a
aaTei IuIo IIoIlI prt- VIII ., o, opoa o-
TaBIlIe B ax xBoIe' a) "opa ap> B
IITI ptt. Par B Ae (o. 800 .). <opa
l.:tx aep <rpoBIl- ap" prra(T py opa-
t: yp> oo aepa oBaI{oo TaaTBoo Mapa'
y al eopaBI oopt o-tlooy eproI
apap' Ha oe Too IIoB)Ilo- eTl y opal
l.o a Boalo paIaIIIe Ir4I opat, aoIt IIo_
Ilo Ty oTI{I, paoIe oo- e Io. <opa
pr I{aI yl. p. ap" Ia o al{y-
a eToa aa llpoaae pTB' oaIx B oxy apa
paIx' eeIx' }rIx |4 |4I|I Beoo.
CTBo B o VII ea paBeJI (aop_
or) A oeIIIIx
p aIv|, N|eI||lB
o APoo <<IlIx opo" MpoBI{o-
o poa' Ta pa oe-
IIt{Iloo paoo oytap.
o preo oo pe-
TaBT apa Boo
(768-814) I{Ba aT ya
aBar apoo. Bpe
paBe lo oo a oT-
ee Ba)lM IIepMIIa. o
ooaa oplto ao-
Ix oTI{o[Ir, opoo)BIIIa
poTo,I pyoo rrBar.
ap oIl o Bo o
o B opaerrI B xpa.
Bo apoI pot ooo-
Ba papoTpaIo xpal{o.
o yel{ p aBoeBaI II-
e. B eo pax ta oapB_
p - P. Ha epr
oo oya' pet o
ao Ix MoapxoB Too
pI{ alloo pao-
-
pa aaoo xa - ap.ll
ITyIl ee opol P-
o p aa.
rlep apa la oao.ro
pIJIl paoaI{I op.
Bo' B o.opo ut po o-
aaa xopoIo aeo opIl-
ae. I|pu oBIy B _
p oplua poy -
pay, e yTaB Ta
oo oTIpo . Pa.
IIIpa pa opaoal{,I: M-
p Iry)aJIa B paoIx Ilo
ax. p op apa op
p,(o opaoaIx It' -
oT ooptx o.loa o-
IllI oaT a, pa-
IIBIIIx B oaIpx o-
rax aepaIx oopax a
 To o AotloB 53

()paIlax Epot a, c- Boo ora ooo Ilon.l

-
||alIr a pax opoBax. B pyor. r p ap Bo
()re yypo ) p to o eo oTa
'l1p apa B IIpa o p. a A (P)
- Ta oo.
.r,{IloB lrpo eI{IT <apo- e ToI{I. Orpoe Tpo-
-ltI{M Boporo. oao eo' paeplryIllee e Bo
()tlo e o}taaJlo oBopoTa T. opo ooBI{e VIII e, o)Iro
t.oM} i?y ao aT. lo ao IIpeTaB a-
o. ypy apoIlB' o- apa a po ooe e-
poeI{ylo B pr BIIlIx t. p'1, B^r oaara rp.
\ol{l Bx , x o pIBo po pa.
Bpy, II"aJI B pBylo op poopao paTopoo na.
xpaa a}IToT oty- a A oy) BopoBI
flo yTBoaBI a3y}o. oopy) apa oa-
ll{r TIt B yTyp pao Too' oBI T
i:peoll. yToBl opo. ooo ,
o apyp paoo oy- e are ro Ba eTpa
-
apTa op ot{l VIII-I 'l'poIrI a opoa aa.
a o,o yT' o o o- C llrpBoaJlo o -
:{paIII a' aI ap. yBIIIo pooo :Jaa I I!{o_
Xoo III To. )rM III Ila ooB apxool'-
a. opaa poT ealx o- (.x aHtx. Blyl B a' o
ore, y, apxTTya Mepo- I o paepa IIIII' opr
o ox tpaTJIa o- oaTIloooo BaBa'
t]l TIIo oopyr. Cp o o ourpt, pl
-yrT BIeT rpByt op IIoo ar apa. aa
p ypI oI a- A (oea 805 .), eop
-
p. o BpIr oII peBpaT a o pepo, B otloB-
pee ozuIa. oe oM oxpa pBoaa-rt o-
p a ypa BIoo aI, . BxBIo pepo
pyreo pBa acaaN|' He oIlIlo oy)a poB
-
popaa yyo ooa Ca B Pae. Cpo
t]o o)eIo Ta pIto- aeI To aIa p-
Boo aa. a Oo a. Oa a o -
B pae peeo eIITp xo- o oylaeT apaBIoa pya
( eyoIro p- apa aToa aIlo'
-
eaJI B y o. o. oBa opaa apa B.
poa' oe pe3Il a- oo. aa Axe a
paTBI{l IlTpI yTya e oyapTBeoT' oToe
BoIo po o ollal. )to yToBI o]poM
p. Ha pBIx Ilopa y pa a. axoo poo
opoe to oTolto e- o' a BOIM opTao
.opta: oap o olt{ ta oopyra o)' opa-

29 ,[opo ne Aee. e
B05 z. Bmpeutiud
0 <IIdpmii >>. 774 z' _ do IX
opu,l
I{a ptIIoJIaI{oIl4y xpay ap.
aa cII>rIa eTo paell
DIIeIII oyapel{Ix rp-
oIiIx pBI{' oo ooy
petoeIIe' oaIIIroe elrpe-
oy a}Iy' oopoy opa.
poe' o y(e o aMo
Bo yT olt aJIIoaJI oIIIo
etBa I,I eII)lIa. aI{
petTaB oo reIIaaT-
paII' BIIyp ooporo paoo-
)eIIo oyoIlor oyoIlo
po)alrTBo. opalra aII-
!r pooIla opel{Tak|
aoaIloo aIIUlM aaa
aJITapIo. p o IIa-
IIo pael{o ep axra
allea IIeT B ee o pao
otpIr. B Axe I{ epBl
IIaII BITya atlo po-
paBa' olvtIrpye aa eI
TBo ox APooB 55
.
oopI t{,eM pe. \aa
a )I(lx apotIIx opy
<TaB I{a oeII>>' ota a Tt-
eIIa Iyalo apol\,l
o po oera BpIl'
raopa oa IyIll4ll
poop apo poIIIM o-
oa IIpotIaIIa eEr
BBepx a)e lleoaeo. po.
pa aeJII B AxIre oy-
o e aI eeIo Ilopae-
]ITc a oTteI{Ie oI, a a'(e
' o ooeo oyo B
o"| oxoo Jlrpee IIIDeo pca.
aea apa Beoo IIa
Io pal\laeoo a
e IIea' ypoyIo Ba I,
o oIropeeo ooy(Ile
axeoo aa (o. 790 .) to
aao po Ceepo
pa N{oI{aIp C-Pe (a
56 o IIo PolI}IoB

l Bemp. 873*885 zz. Bmp'u

ud. Kop, prco mm

aaeo lfrrl2). Hao- ' yrI{aIIt rapo. Co opo-

l Tepe peTaa JIaB- r aaa eo apylo B IIp.
a rpo aaa, oopa oyoIe ar. oo
aaI{oro oa aepIaa eT- BeTBrpoB :Ia Boo,o py
Bepo Irooyo opoo I{oBae, xo prtlree.
-
Ea atpaTllo oIloa. Bep oBoo yooe xpaa <<e-
ptopeT t oTreIII BI- IIoMy pay>' paoBa Ty a
o eprBI{IM yI ar- poBIIoo allkl a Bo p-
v. IIaI ar poo,aJlo IIoTIx paT' oxpaIox xo B
aI B Mo epo o- Beo popaT. He
eeoo eepa - B ooBa rT TooBa
poI IIaI{oo yTa yo- BTBepa a MpaTopoo a-
Boo 3jIaII. a: yToBor ae BeBpo
Q"ep""-QI IIooBBre apo. oo y BTa
o apxTeypI. o aIIa. Tpolli{oo 3aa' Ilarao a olo3
el{e o x op y)T pto eTo yoo Ba. apa.
y, ooy o I ea o. Tpo B B|4 c TM' To a-
xpaI,lo x ao. B o - III BeTep yep).Ul apx-
eo Be oIIIe III BTBep ype epap|, te npe r
epB aaa op-.g* (873-885' fpa IIeIIy po Ira po.-
P) yxpyiIll opa.
- '.ol'
T >eIIIvI ooo Bpee.
 o o PoJII{o 5"I

32 ze. lem .+|otluu <<Koz -

m>> nud opmopu Teod.
o . 8 06 z. e- X.ep uu- d e. p

oee Topoo oIoa xpao. Ipllx oJIeo. oea

o opoe yrBeo l\{IIJIo Ca-aeI{oo oaTIp
oIIQoIIyIo Tpyyp taIJ. (IIIelap) oxpaIIJIa toy}r
ooopoe opepoaa a- JIIoTeJIIIo alol. o Bo.
JIa petIeByeo BpeII IIIII o 829 oa Peay (P)
IIIIJIa eo xpay :Bylvl po- oo aI{ }roaIpx o)o-
TBoe,a}l elr)a.}I. o y e' oopI IIptIIaIIaac t pe-
oM )e llapae teMoll)py- opy}r yeoBaBr o-
epR aa a poBo- e. Peypllo yoa-
oo)I(tIIx oax. o w al6o- a ooIroalo
ee pa}lx pepo peII - oIloIIIe
Boa a-lJIeIIoo epTe-
o)aIII aao Epoe - ra. Ca aoo,e opo.
ec rpoB y (P). p e a a-aJIIIo JIae opa-
epe)oe epot 791_819 oo y a r eoo aIlIx
,oIIa oJI).tIJIa opo Tpae xop. oe o oIloIeIo apaJlIlo}ry
Beerr o)atI e oo po)ay JIa. Ha rrer-
oaBao oee aylo oIIo- e oote oaIp paoaa-
IlIo' o orpBilo ay- xoeIIIII oro,
o ep' ee oeIlo oT toa peMeeIIIloB' aI oopo-
pa. r el{erl I o,Ir,f I. poII oa
oapy apoBe ilroa- !l oeelle JI oyl}roB (Iro-
58 Bo ox APOoB

a) eor aIIa'
.t
Uit,jiiti:

ae. pIIopIt4I oM,

Ioa )e aaa. a 1
Tpo J{epeIItII apao
(aep). a pIIIBa-
o oopy]a aoee Ba,I{Ir
oTpo xpaM. opop
(ao) peop (pae-
rryro). o paoaaJl o opo-
a npooI{oo tBop-yapa
BpI{o' ooo ro o-
oIII; alraylo aT tBopa aI.
.r ope. oarp Bop
opaoIa peBpe xpaa.
ao BTe I{a IIa
- pxllea
Ca-a"I{a a-
a paoM
II xopo
- pe-
oxoo Bo paepa}r
oaJlle oopy)e lo pe.
Iia3IIaeIIo BepIeI{ oI{oB-
rx y. ooIII{Ir aTa.
p, papoaIlIe tooJle B eo-
x oaTIpx epax' eep
opoo oIroM aII - B
aeax o opolla ea. a. IIpo IIoBeIo aa pTI
I o B poB axoJl paaJIIIo paoo)eI{I a.
ro<o Topottl: oot a- ea Bo oo oxoa,
aI oI{I aII aIa o B BoI orpt oBo a aI{
aalu tIpIaIII II e a"lrIlo a xpail{a.
opa. ayo I{yTpeI{- Cpe opoo oxpaIllx o-
eo popaBa a o- poe apoIloo prrll BII-
e aeplaJIa oIloBIIyIo tlo ae 3aBa pltra <<Bopoa>)

aIIa. opr (P) paIIo)I(eIII I{a

B apoylo oxy oru Topoltl Ta, IraBpaIIIl\4 ao.
Bae epoBlr OeTB Pao erByIoT o To'
cTaJIkI I\eT oopy(ellIo p. o aII BxoJIo B o o-
apoa pIITa _ oeo poa aTIp (714 r. _ o I .). .
opa po xpae' eo )- <opo> opr - ty-
o oopy,(Ire a oo pyoe IIee' p apoIllx po-
Boo eo pe. - ea' oyooIlIII | I]lI|p| c a-
rl{e a p opeerr, IlIlvI aeJl}l I{aoaeT
-
oooT eaT x oy- pyaIe ap {Ilpaopo-
III t op aJIoIIa o Pa. Hop IIa aIIIe pe-

J.| lomop' cm ponuu pu
dmmo. ,'o 88 I z.
34 zeum o. Mump <<Ko.
or1uoo?o z,.' Ko VI t I
. B, e umopuu um
IIIIII' apaIII aJI
poBeee peeBeooo y- -
Ta. opetrIole t ox (Ire
Ioeo' o otlll r rxoa-
ro alvt, e I IlI epaopx opo
)I aIIle pa) oaaa eox pee. o po-
IIoo eIII' otl oIIo ypa-
clIJI ee IrpyaoIII{I opllae-
To' xapaep oopoo _ )eyo-
Ire I
- Beye o
oB {epeI{o apx}ly-
pI. B llaae aIIIeo Toe
I{Tprpe o oer IIo}I pet-
BeoIl\{ pea r oapy-
)I(II pBoIIaaI op' oTo-
pI }Ie pooI B apxeTyp-
llIx poII px oo.
oyea.rra,o apo-
JIIloo Bp&IeIr oxpal{a
Bo o APoIlo 59
oxo. oao 3eo' o po-
I papoparI Ka B y-
oBIx opoax' a ex.
B IX e oa p ypalua-
oaBJIII|| ot e pe
aIIIx ooBoe epao-
poB' a a) or,I apoI{x
yepello. o ooreIo ollo.
op.re Ilopa{' oopIe axa-
B TvIlI|t B VIII ee Baro, p
o opy)ee aJ||4 po,re)y-
ToIIyIo IIoIo. epaope
yaI'
"apor >> (<Libri
Carolini>), oaBeIIIIr B oTBr IIa
perIl Heoo oopa 781 ro-
a' Iie oepa oI{oTIo opa-
>e,l epBa' oIrao Ia x
60 o ox APotIoB

35 zeum me. Muump

<<zeu 6o>. 'o B5 z. np,
opod 6uuom

oooo apJloo Ia I- Kool4. oa te Koo-

aJI a epe aI{ aTe- <o ara> ea
y po BI{IIIX opa,e- alro Bao y-
|'' oTaBa peoIle oBy. TBe' I{ P |4 Be' o
Pa Map, I aBop o 9o- Bo' oTBI I{oaa-
x' aJI B tyxr ..apoIx II>>: TI oeII opaoo
<opa payeT III oto oa.
oBeIIr' opaa III o- o e paB lvrolryelr-
Iroy yBBy e B oo- TaI{o )oII IX a oee
l Bpl' o ala I po BreTyIo p p-
MI Ie. Too IIaal{or TI ep C p oep (o.
o)e y) yeoo I{. 850 r.), po Ba Ca -
Io''13. Hae opooIlIx IIeTo a; B TiIo
e Tao ooy oa- Tpoe (o 881 .) ep Ca
III. oxa Mroepe (oe I .'
oaeoe .IIvl,t!|le ooopve- paye, IIIap; IIIII B
x opoB Mo)o yop B o- pae.reo My topa).
pare oa p- Po Oep pTIIa )-
-pe (o. 806 r., pa) _ Bo yeeIloTIo paaa' oa
o opaTop apxoa MoIIyaJIIIa peTaeIla.
Toya, yIioo' oa' aoa apoa oxa y)aT-
aTIIo oI{a apa Be. a paI{Io opplx ope-
 TBo ox Poo 61

36 ou 66mcm . pmu Tp o ?|l c mo"+l Buuo nodom

uulo Kp Lo'tl. uump nomumJ,lozo um <epo uuu
Kp tozo>> < uuu Btrtl)>. B 4 5 / 4 z. put, H uol uuom
62 yo o PooB

' Ha ooo I{ BTa o oparl{Taa pa ld'l,

a"rr opa opar. po|BaIa opa>e
- a NroM ooT' otlearT a}o.
t{ oaopoB
aaa oIo xpaa. pax TaJII{I a -
poer' Bo IloM po- oeo yp.
xaBIM N{| po ep- Hot yx BoTop)TBoBl a-
oBIx al oe oo Bp. M'I{ax' oTopIe BIllI p-
eII' pTa tp repe. opo aepo apa rpoI{
o paoaaa TIo p- o 8l0 oa. B paoo _
wI.paIII, a)I ooptx I aa x oeIo B <pyy
pa a IvloyoIlI o' a. AI>, o err aat AI,
IoeI{Ie B pa. Mtp oopo ro .lto <<a-
pe oIr pBIx oBTBo. e> (803 ., Tpp, poa -
-
BaTeI oB pao prB- oea). Hae oeaa
oB
- oe IIoI ooa B pBylo ovep o-
)tl (..l.Ix M oo- pa3a[,I aTIloo Toa' oopIr
o poo papaoarrt o t prI |4 Ta
BaeI{ aM. aa-l Ba.
Ty al{ilo opoIlo opar. o epa ooTBa Ieoa-
e Cparoo ya. Cyr TBIlo ypao ooT M-
lvlootlIryro aoepy oep- poo oTpotto Map
Ba oprBao-opTIe . pyo <yI AI> l.
po-oyIe Ta, oep oopIx BIry poey par
aJIo)I(l rpI a o ooo poTpaBa. Tpor,
o pa. oTopIx BoaloT a.I,
o apot{o o a- oeeI B Boro ota III' ap-
IIIa o ao poe Booe- Teypl a opayIoT po-
e B Il)Ilo arope. B paBylo py. op a-
e Io oyTo B }oepIx - top <ae!>> oaIp C
x p o ooo o. ap Cyaoe (aao I .,
ao' BoBTBIII,r aao apr, Haoa;ra oa)
ooo aa Top lt)o )- B oo <o )>>
Bo' T o Baex BooT o)Ie yI' 3a
TTo' aoI 783 o otlI a yxoT y-
oM oeao apa Ily' <<ToIl )Ii>> oeE,I po-
Boo (ap, aoaa TpaTo )aoat -
oa). a oao ypaIelr- p. <o C eapa>
a pyo l{aalla ooI BpIIIeo TBope par apo.
- o-
pept tpo Ira ypypo o aIopI Iee
epa 15
. o1paIla Tpa. -
l) o epa [,too-
B poTBoB opaBo I{.lIIoo ya a,oo opaa:
Taa oN{pBaT <.ae aI{I o opy)Ilr ,
oeaa>. Toa pavo, o B3BoI{oBao IrpyIBaI
 TI]o ox APoo 6

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'i$ri

37 tompu 42. n /Iud.

uut.l1l << mpeml mu-
u>>. . 80 z. mpm, uuom
ltupLlI|,Im(]

oa' oTopI llxo Il IIpoptl' ap,rI{oo o)a-

IIe'
Hao aE}rI{I
IIpoToa oaa IIpoBrE
pBoplro [IoI' oTopIe pyII-
IIpyIo Bopy (opoaooo
ae>> (oe VIII ., Ba,
ye c.|op||v ya)l6. Be-
o ypaIII I{aIopa'
oltIll4 B Boo )-
BoIIo al{epe. aopoa p-
TaeIlo on4lroT -
yp' a)IrIr oI{I' oTyTBe
BoB BaIIeoB oopT o
TO' o I{aIop op a
opaI, Boxotr oe pa-
Bpe.
Bar T MaTIop BIr-
oo ol{a ":l a pa-
ax B opoIre
<BaII|I>>
oopa Ax (o. 810 .) o
ooo aoepo. yo
I{' oopIl\4 poIrIIyTI BaII-
I' o yaIBar' B ao
aIIpaBe poxoa prpa.
oa oIleaIloo aclIe.
Co eprIlI Ta Tpy ,oa
B pyol] po IoIi7.
Pe MaTepa a oe
yTBo ooo BBoaIlo a-
opo, op oo pp-
TaIII{ Epaax o(BIIIeo ao-
a. tsaI a palIa a-
Me}II4o <<ar oa o>
Go 835 ., rpe, yaa
oa) IIIy Bo
pyIBaIo ao
BIIII ooa B oTo IIoT
Taeoo BoxIIoeIr. y-
pI TpeITeIIo pa3epIa
popaTB' a o) eo-
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I{Il pBIlI B(eeN{. aBI-
4 o ox APoJIo

38 Xpumo u 2Ir; u3 <<Bot

-
npd podo>> u <<ooeu oJl-
o>>. cmu od zeu u<<

ootu>>. oo om. . B]0 z.

P ui, B mu 6 u u tlm

BIaeIlIII peBa xpa,I B ylrBepeo -

pex aepoB Iya JI- oee pexa (o. 830 .) o-
|u1, rpr opoT IIITp}rx' perrr ey o B IIIyape.
BIIeao BoIiaIo IIepeBa <>exa a;lpu oBJIa
oIIB BeIx paooe eaI e B peteBoo
o. Bop Mpa il,tIIaI- ye, oteBe ee aIop
pa po IoI oo)e- ro oyo Bo o xII Ba.
IIo' llx IlTrppea a epI topa pyoll oeI{I
IIaE BIyIIa lleopeeIIo epo oIIoTI{o BooIIo pa-
oII,Io yeI{o pralloe poaI o )ae. epea
paae oe ep)I(BaII. eoM B B IIIpox JI' oII
Hapy ae ao - BoIIIla ooo 3opa-
roer oeo IoTppo- IiIlvI oMel{ap',J..|I peBIIx B.
aII B peII a ta ap. o. Ho IIe xyto( xo
oe eI' aoIle- Ir3 paIIIx oo:'Lopa-
Ie Boa aJIeopJI' a- r p ge eta oBata
Jl o)I(I{Ie aa Ilepe I{a- eol8. Py To po)aIlo
IoIIa. B apo po roppy oJIoBae' oy-
BoIIJIo a aoee oJIIlo - ylor B pyo' o oalo-
JIIoTppoBaIIIx aIIypIIa oo aBItIDr yao. at
BexQaBeoo oIIe: o' IIao ollpoBo)a opa)e-
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9 d <oomozo odc>> u m p. oomo, Jt"\42, dpzot

L'lu. - 870 z. Ml, p zodpm uuome
66 o ox APooB

IIe ao I{Iox py aoIlo ToIIo oBiUI oIIra-

pya 3oo. t' yII' I{oMy opa oo Ivl-
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xpaI poT, yTypIlI B rpeTBo paToB ItTp-
oI{y}4eIITl' oI trpB' l' pa' B opa)rli eara. yor.
oIa repo B o < Baa>, oaa
- By Iry orII
pepIBIlI oToo pxoT o
paaM. ot o pao pyoll apy to,
arpe' py po).aloT oy- pyoBoTBoBa y)e <rpapx.
r BoxoBo poBa' >> oae popaBa.
xoT aTepa ao opea- ypI paoo(I B perax
rIIo Tro BappoBiUI oro oo y BBrp' oa a
oBo opao. pyo, B aBoT oT oo)e
B 40.e ol a rpBTBa rp- aa. ol oreo
Ia rrlo Typa (o 853 .)' aT ap tt, oa
Ta aIBaoy pTopro ap- BBpxy a Tpolr' peoxo
a too, eTooo(Il oTo- oTaI{I po poo.
poo Il aT TBo yTaoB- B p I a p pa-
eI{IlI. B Typ aTp eoa Tlx oeoB BIIII oop_
o Toa BopoBo IlIoI' a oo pIITop e. [ apx-
pIr po' a Ta) y a ,(pooa, paoo
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p .Cpaap. -
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l op>BI, -
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poeM' a)a a oa a- ( 842 r,), Pyo a,(ra
ttoT. ypI B)yT or oTBo pylrl
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papealoT B aB o- TIe rI.
o Boo Byo oyaa aTa e
a. ta paa B apo .
Baro uepo ypx poB- po. Cyyplrl pal
ao }roo BopTe opa_ oTa yJI Ix op -
)aoo popaTBa. pxo o- pt o ooo oT Ip-
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Ilepapo oaB:I ore peoT opao aoo ae_
oaI' aoeIro ypaIII- er oo aa, Ba.
I{I aTlopa}r. B Peyp epeoI op oepxo
ro opaTaI oI pota prIeo-ro rpa-
pTalIItIe I opoa- e ooa; aoyyo-op-
. Hapo, pyo IIIe a oaoBlll}lc BfI|.
B o paepa. x o ol{o tpaae-o-
(oB eo e B Ba- oe opI{ pa.
opaax e oo yxoB- B eo yype epo
o ap]' oo yp, looBI l -
a a p a
,oIto' oopa a- BIya tpaa eoBe
IIlo. I e e yBT oyoB. Map oTaT
Too oI{ apa' o peIroe eIIa pexoael{'
IoepI{I |4teNIIl. o t- opa)IIIo pTlloo IIT11 pa -
oIe peI' ypaeI pao- T|4' op o yrpIe. Cy-
eIII{I arM MaIo. Typa B or Tee' e IIa-
oooa yypa re oe- Tlopa' opaaa IIIpooy p-
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ero. oa ea ee pooe- pao oo aepa IIoo

I, ao , BIBa oo- }IeyoBIIIeo, a ooy' o,r
Ioo aTopI4, e oa IIop- I, oyr ,Boo. fipaa
poBa ee r25. aa - ypaloeo oBea I a
paJla B pI poo BepI Il a IlperpTo aorr. B p.
pollaa e. opI pea- Bo epa ep oe
oll{' oopI oyae B oali- .<Pa', ee aJIo e pa-
x ae :e oo Bpe}IIl. IlI.
[a aa IIeo yIIy- Coae poorx epe B -
pI oT IIa opo oBo ox: xee (1015 .' exe,
<<Pa epo" poo. oop) BaIIo oo p-
Ir ep epBll Ca xa Bapo' po voIo oollo-
(re oope) xe. o ox. o op opy e
Paparoe peIrIIo <Pa- TaaBIx aTpo' I{o a
e" to oallo o aay Ir- ypa aI{'ITkl yoIrr. a -
oo apoa po (o. 975 r., epa eee poa-
, oop). aoel ap- a Bo plelfu||{|4 por.
o xpall B oey oo yIIoIt4IIyIx pe e
oay
- yypoe opa-
II r pao po pBapu. B
Ia oa oyeaJIIIa oo-
a (o. |022 r.)' llotpar oJIo.
 To Al{I{o BPoI]l x*PBo ooI I l05
)I(I ao aarI{o-
I. B rax Bxoo aBra o-
oTyT aa; oIT eBa-
roo a )aToaI Bra.
o Top)Teo. Baooore-
rpoa)r opeIoT Ix
IroTya' pBoopoM -
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otool' l{rpoopo-
ItIto o pya oa'
ItaIIooBI{y yToIlIe B lrepa-
l{o oe eTa Bea
yoBo paoo a)a' o-
B xx
e IIroIao o)Ill 14

eI. o poo yaT pa.

poee' oll Tpae le
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6''11g, 13611- t|ll|t tt!l.tt (.m i- BrT o e oBe; a po-
Xab 6 Xud-tt. ]()l5 z. Xu- T' oa ,eM; a )ao
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Ba B rMeo yTB Br or
e Tpaa B P, oTopa' Bo, oTrBo oo3aa T
opaa papa Bo Bp o rTy MoyrTaoT T-
prIBa B .a'kl,' Oa ypa. . Bopa ooa I o
a paeBo I{ peoB pa y, poxoa o Ila-
opa)I(I{ IloaI o o)Iu poa.
y xpTa. Co poao apxy-
Ha ep p Ca a pI I)o aT aao .por
( ex oo o I poxoo Bo Iloo I{eaBMo
pIIeI oIre)' a oaal' o oITa apo poe'
Tpy a yTopa. B oo- oryr po fpaJlp| TI
B1.T o ptiBoBo oo- .rpa|\.
B e a epI
e, oTI,IBaBI apae B BIBIly a Bo a
BI{I TTax Bxoo oo- oap ca' oo
o aBeo' a xxx,- o, lt4 Ilpoa ra
px pTaeI{I oIloBI{Ie - pa. oapa apxpa
oI. To o p Bp y I a Ia ao pe-
IIaIlI oa3 peBoBo -
oBo Trxl{eo oTIloIe B
"lll e yel aT>. poe, ao oo <oape>
pxoae, paToBo - Io oo yoo ar.
yTea NIkl Xptca opa- pa-aI{a. B oapvl l
[06 yo Ao PoI x-Po o]1oIlI xI BA

aJIo)eI oI{oBI <rpBoro poa-

oo "
- papaoTaa l{oa
olrTpy eI a ooB py-
pl{o aeo JIa ay-
ToB rp3a[,I pa'
yoBpluI{oaa ea Bo3B-
Il BotoB' oTopI eppIa-
aJITapI{I a xpail4a' py
oote IreI. Ioro B pa-
Ty BoIII yoa a Tpoax B
popeT. Cpoe Jloap-
yop yo' o
BIpaI eotIe e-
op IIox ITyo.opop-
o' oao, II||JI"|p apayplrI
po. Be I y-
BBa
- IIaa l ea pa-
poIIeEo I{e o) ee B e-
y o-poTpaI{TBI{tty
ooIo.
a <epBoo poal{oo
T> a Br all pyy.
Io Bopy Maa Bepot, o- 65 {Jndt |lopmu "o|Ioir
pa yp, o, pu e-lt-lp-p. 1067 z.
Poa. al p poI,
ae o a Tp acta-
' par paBT' o I{o a B 1095 .) po)tll IIa-
a o oyTByT oe. B oo. IIo' lvloItl oopa B ep-
Ix a prItI poBI o ee opa oo-
BoI. x pe ollpoo)a- BaI{I Boa.
o yo)oe oop' otl oy- .(avt Io par o.
aTey paoy a aao, aIlao a
tr BITyo oyoo. po- Ir ao il,rap. Pao a.
paTBo afuI aJIo otpae- aB oaI o Cpee-
II Ita oIlI . T. Ilolt4ope' oa y)e ee aa
a poB Ca apaopo Ho poBea pao BIo.
rp. opo pa- o yTypo. C yo a-
l o pepITellr' oII Ito al a
-
ore et parI poBI- I eo o payo Py.
Boa a pa. 3apra o. aao o Bo'1
palr Ta poao apepI ypo Box aIlx opae'
a rep atl ea a- pyTBr oopIx cagl a-
a Ca Aoo oo (o- BeTeoal{o VIII ea, a
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oTpo pa-Dloapao' o- oa po oIIaIp Poe

opIr pIl}I aoeaIlIx apa- (|020_|032). Cpoe oe
a ee peoIe poe. o ta pII paexp-
III opyIl. ao T.opao a p-
C ea aao aJI oo- a oapoo oapaoo
TIo eprpIa aII I{Irtp- oea. Mare aIIl o opo-
o,a' t yII o1I- IIa o epaIr, Bopaa
)yI,I oIIpy'(Ie ap' ar I{a peopee}I' aa-
Ilepep oJIy eyro o- IIa NIaJIa aurrr Ira aate a{ea-
paoy oyooIIIIa ur t:'cpa- a(Ie rpI peo opa.
. Haoee po oa pa- a poao oo.
pI ep Ca epo te Pota yypa repIx xpallx
(oa |o22 .), r Ba pca paooB caii I* eKax B
oolflI' Ilop)ax IIop)- oIue ee opeea oll-
IIIe ap' ota Beaylo IIp- aal paBTl apa o.
eBy o. o poeo oroo paBea olvl peIloe
pa aTaoIIx ox o- oJIa DIIIaIopa.'{eop xp-
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ax pyo VIII I o a)I(o BoB, oToB' o Bo_

opaBiUI o oplrae- TaoBe TapIx llpoa
Ill l4oTBa' otlI{Ilt - IioBI opo' oTerIx Bexa
polt4 oBeI. B oe poBIx oooe ollIp-
o l(| par. x pIoToB.
B .oo >> (920' o, poMaoo lt,loaIpoo
oa oop) opl{aeI palla o,II e pay. Hor.
oBee ypI opaoaI TBa rpBoltaaIlo oy opa-
pM TIM oo, o- a aapo a. Pae y.
IlI To oyp. o - oBBlIl ",
yo BIIo a ooo IIa|$,21 ao yoBrTBop ope-
o Ta. Ool par a. oTM o)}IBIII oBo
o I{apI Ba oTa rt oa ea aJI a-
Iopa oeIo Moaa oo IT opo o-
aa ear, aaIllo xotoil4 eIIo ar. B po
786 oy <oap Aoa.rr- pa IIIaa TII apott-
". B x p opo po oo xaa ooaa
- ep-
,o o IIoToBa- o ooe l ea a eT papa-
eIlo IlaaJIo: T ol\,IeTa- o paJllx -
p poa ooeoo pa. prpa' oeo JIya aI{' a
aa. Tar yypoo opa. ep.
po oppoa poaoo pI oTaiUI IIo.
yTa' pylo oepe ap- Pa aTIl Cpe pa
TTypI' ao o,oBaTro xopolxo pal a, B-
o o pa. BIe- aBI op oxoo' TpaIIT,
rrlrr o Bpoy ooBo- oopl ooa ooy popl]-
py 843 oa aaopao opo. TBl{o popTl: a oo.
rBo B oTeo oo- t a paoaaJl Mo-
ro oTttoIel{ IIpTaBo pt. B ayIrre oxaIIoT to.
tloo oo; paoIla pa a aaa a oaTlpo
l T; pal y. rp C-ea-lp-yap, oo-
TM IIIo pa Bpa roa. B py IIaa TpoT 1004 oy.
x yoB Ba)yro pQ y- oopl ar pTaI oy-
ypo yxoBlro )Il JIIi - ooM B|l Moo
pa oel loo p- aToTIo' oBaI o-
opo MoI{aTIp, pya oTo- pe a roalT I-
pIx TfIJIa oeooBa po- )rIr opar.
Ta IIaBa. o pop- o e o, B Ceptlo
o Brye oo)ell oa. Op oi! peoI
Ipo apxTypI B pallo o}l opBo ooB|
oB pa. oatp a yoaIloTIo o
-
To ra ea aya Io- Ilapo' oyBIloo 3aT
oo BI4>e o Ta I{aIBao <<*
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 Bo Iio Pol x-I]Bo ooBl xI A 109

o> p' oopI oI{aaJI y) opa oeopa. are ap-

rpexot po poal{e. TplM|I eM| ttB
Oalo pa, pa- po Cpe pa, p-
opa Te paoopa- a}Ir o{' oao' roB-
Ie xyo) TBIiI{Ie a' tJ'Ia pe oTI{o oaTI o.
ypy, ar IlepprTo B- TpyM tTeI{o B p.
pox opo' I eo IIa peIe rppIT:
a IlTp loo . Brpo oIr lo ooo
>eI. p pax noTpo To- p' px p oo}I B rTpa-
o poa xopoo oxpaa p- o I ooy oxo.
o C ep Typr. opa aIe IIJ|LI I]p .poTB
aaol.o aa (o. 970 .), yep- t apar! a opaaIo
)aIIIa Booalt o apo- a a papaoy ByTp-
o BTBrp' otla o- eo poTpaTBa. B Hopa
Bl ooo Ila Boo |4 TpeM oTaJr pIIoTe yxar-
poyo|' paao pao. y a 1ao p p-
o)(IIt, aa. p oa- p po C ep )t-
IloB p rIoe oraa 1007 -
x, 954 . o pBo TBpT
oa Tpo, paoaIlle B pa- I .). -pao l{aaJt otep-
Ilo pe (oa .Bp I Ba oB|e IIllIJvIl apypI
- a-
o II .), p paopa- po;rpoo oop, apa Bp-
IIo oTae Boo pe- JIIx Tl. Pa
x' BIJIO)I{IX B -pooo a poaoo oTBa aBpIII-
oIII{o apaex' pTo- a epo Hop.fia re
Bl oypyIrl. (1040-1067). pyI Iroa)aro
avry I o oI{oT ll4 aBplIIoIo a)o
o) opao ol px- eTa. oa oo It{a
Tr.I'ypI' oTopa pBIx IIIaoB patx I .
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<peoTor eoaa B pIre
Ba,,28. oer poI
op e B po paI,loo
oaa a' aBep-
IIIeIr opt.
oa po poall (o
pe I - pBa ooa XII
oe) pot' oa aiula
-
ooa o T o B.
<oyaIe poI> p-
e rpBI oer ooy pa.
BBIII opota. pop o-
a' poT paBTe pea oo-
)To BII'IL| I{a xyo(eTBr-
t po. opyI op-
I Jlapoolr peIIII{ B ap-
Teype o epo
po' ypae oopo a-
py )I(oro ooo o
a,l yypr ,op. Bo
ayo too poall
I papaoa aore
pe epox IIIo BapaT
poaoo I{ea y. o-
oe B poal{o oe
pa
- tUIol\{IIer epB.
o.aat paIII rpa
rTIpr opo po. B o
xo a pe oaTI.
p Cao-r-ooea. t-
pe orx oopa oeaJl -
ylo 3 Tx ,opo: C ape
Typ (o. 1056 .)' Ce apa
o (1053/63-1096, oa pao-
paI), Cya oe \104|l52-
o. 1130 .) Ce Cep Tyy
(|0.]5-|250,. apoa a
oo a ra yoao o-
yoBa ppIBI]vt BII,(II
JIpoB' )eaBlux Be pe-
BI{ !I pIl yaT yrrax
ept ooIlI aJlap.
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a roe C ya o, I o oa B o ooa
xaMI oaaloT po)eI xopa' peopee epepIBa
ea IIpoopIlI )aa- BoaI oyr o.
. Co oxo, aeI Aoeoo payo poa
ao}l Il)o aa' IIoBop Io o pe ep a-
a ypoBe aepe BTopoo pca, aa ro. aI oo -
oBaTIBaBI Br a. o eo ep (avao po-
o opyo a - eBa 1088 .) peoa e
a BoaI eppI. Cp- oaT ae' ooIto trloal-
e epepIBa Irp- p' poBaI{oo <<BopI Pou29.
Boo, ooIx r p. pa opar:Ul o paepa.
oI. HeoxooT IIa pa. Oa a oTaa |87 ' Ip-
op T)Keoo )aoo oa a epaJloo a
aTaa oTKaa o oo epx. - l1 , a o
r o a BIoy Ire 30 .
Ilo pya' e III oaa- o I{ypeo IIpO.fpaTa
o /lByxaIII. oe ro-3 opr oopIII o-
rpaIlo e lo yI' l oloo porr ailI o-
BT poI{aJI pe ape' oo- yooIl a BIo Ioy ea. Be-
pI prpIBtI oypy- at p olIIIpy)IlIx apo oT-
IlI oa. Hop a a- T apaypo pop y-
eIly Ioy o}rr, py- BeoI aIIa peope-
I ep a y po . Apata aoo ea a
BIIo ypoo oIo yoT- paoe orpaIIe. aeylo
eoIo popal{TBa. po a paT paJIIe a-
Haoee po epTI po poa- TI' tlo B apxeypy oI{o
II IIpo apeyp ole oyxoTopeoT. Ha-
ye ypy, Hopa, py)l yT loo xpaa
Aa poaa. ypye ope paIr o BIoe
paI oalo oIo IIa- al, pypoaI{Ir Bopy
poB' o oooeoIo oIloo aroo oea lrat
axoo ooea a. a- prtope. reI Bo.
ea oo paoa oo- poete ro-3 TaJIa p-
poao e ra oaa oB flap-e-oa (o. 1100
poe}r C Heep .)' oopa opoo oxpal{a.
(103-1097). a ee opy I- o |1 pepaI poa
Ilyoo aIloo pea' p- xpao ypy I oa
e tre ooIx Ioae Be. pa oarp C a-
p| pa e: Ira apao e BoIl a aotlea p.
paoo(e pop
- ya' a-
pIa Irapy( iIepe a oo-
oB ooo l120_1150 oo. ae l

oaao pol eI{llx IIo-

r ea' IIIIe l{eo
- oa.
B oe pepII oa,
IIIB. I{pal e I ep-
I llo proBIlvl Boa-
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o T' IIa oopIe ollpa o- . ate IIaM oep
py)I{Ie ap' e pexpIroe (Hop-[a op B po-ep.
IIee. Colet pooix pa' xpaI opae, C-AIee-
pIx Bao oopI apaI o- pe py) I oa II e;
pIa B epepe oIry lrao- '
B a.UIe ryloeo ToeT I{}l
ee {y)l(II-BaIx ep- plloetIra oIIIpI{a rpoB
eB poalloo aIJ^. Ce o B kIcape. B xpar
C ypei a Baa e- paoo)er o oe]IBe
tlo rpal{oo optra. py pyy, B opo eo-
CpoeBo Tepalre p- T, oao Byae IIo-
Ko{ I{a II B. ya ooo pota. Coa TBpoo TIloo
)p}ia oa )o - a l{eox oTTeI{o oyo-
1IIo' a Boprll po ae. o oeoE p)a-
olvl. opo- B pa- oe' ooToelloe Be o-
)x oaIpx BIJIrc I|o a Bepx epe. x oa
'Ipa)eI{ yoa;llloIo' J{Be a[IIr I{a aao' a paBllo,
IpoyalioTIo opy |4' aoBIaeI{o aae opo.
IoIIIll{ oTyTTBr trop; x IIIo papaoaa BooIIa a.
ipaoTa B llppao ae, p- o Ilao peooe
'oT yoB IIIL' r oo' ooBy e-
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Ho XIII . cp

er p IIpatUIIIo yrar- IIoy lraero' oopI oa po-

x IIo BepTaJI oeoB | NIac, a. I{pa pxrypI Too
opyrIx IIp}royoIIIx. paioa a Ao Ap. I{p-
oee, otI{ Boy - poaa poI. o oo-
y' Bolvlllparrrra ar Ira peo- toIl ooeI aII
ol1,1
pe T. p e Ilooeo oo ao eor o-
xo I(oe al{e opllx TBo Ioo oI{,IIx oo (oo-
apoB oaa IItyaJIIIIlvI pr Hop-fla !'o Aoe'
oopae. o.r oep o- 1096 .
-xII .; oop opae,
pa[IeJIIlI yBo yeJI 1083-1 126). Bt o poa.
a o a opI ax rpe llopa,ae p-
ar eIlo. aeo eoIo ox o-
oe poBaaJlo yJIypI o. epepI yMpaI{I III-
aa I . e apoa III ypaelr. f[epepITvI _ |4-
o9 pyaypo' papopa- I{IIeIIe lloypyIrI
epe. Ce y aar- otI' IIa peopee _ y-
yypI' oeI pa- oa. otle oeI{I IIa )o-
Bro II opol{o' ax; ap BoI _ o Tpea.
Booo. ooerro IIIIIII I oraFrNIvI. opy.
oxy poIx IIoxooB' IIeBo- r t o
I{Ie I{oBllIBa
o opa BtI o, a- opoo poaax ox'
 TBo PAI.I l l5
ao B l{apy,Iro eop o ,eo- yypoo opa. I{epa-
ppoBaJI Tooe oa Tr- I a yay pexea
ox aooepo a. -
poB Hop.fia a pa ya.
o apypI. epoB (o I
Tpo Ap (l152_l1s0) rp.
Ce
- epa II .).
ae oo ro eepIo Bo-
oB aaa C--ro-ap a. aa BoI{ e paIIIe Bo-
(Il .) aoe poaeIe po eBrpT II ea.
-
arl poaa aoap o aa pa poaB o
oao ypaIIII{I yTypIrIM yoI xpaa. oee
opTaJlal,t. Hapo, oop A- yoo oTpy I{eo oT-
o (l140-1160) poB Mo- TIlo BI{aoo IIoo eoB(-
a)ype (1 t l7-1 155) oalo y- t{oT. ao eo pe apx.
pooIo Brrrtl{eo oa. Ooo TyItIx aTtlo popa
eyT ol!-le poBaa aar oo Ce po p
yaTpI. opyret ap- (oe l120 .). pa earo T
aal' poale po o- yoo a apya e apaao,
tx o, o paoaaloT oT- ,paoo)I{I peToopao. B
Ixy paIIIIIiIo. pa I,rlrprpe Ce po axBalBaT
oaJI epB.peo o- o BaBo-op)eTeIII
I ra{' Teo aIy- po IIIpo apo 14 apaTI
e, oaTa oapIl,t te- ol{o' I{yx yoa.
opol\4. B rpB
Ce.ap. Hopa or oxoa B-
-a-p aTapy aT eaT a 3aoeae A.lrr xoa B
]IotDo. Ta ao opoI
aaI oa p e)y a o}l.e. HopaI yI{.
yapo apoo Aa o apopal{ o po-
yay - oTaBJI- IIaeTo Ie pI o pyylo opoy
oyro p IIeaTIox po- -ara, o opeo epTI
ax paoB BIoI,l Tpa- xoTa a Hpa A.
Ta4' orpI xopo; oa . Hao I{aTer op-
BTpae o aa. Mate p peoo o-
I.{p yay l reI epe. xpa a. Cpe a
o ea: paop I{peoo IIoTpoe IIo }roa.
Boa aoo a IIoaIa lpe B _ Ce
pToBI ootx, olvleI- C p. I'{po Ce Tp.
I{a pao BIo. aa- (1059-106 1100_1 l30) xapa.
t aat a I ea o apo- epa o My)III1I,I IIpo.
tlo pa oxpa Io- op poM aopo;
yro arro I{a apo. IrTeprpa' oopI opeeIoT
B 20_30-e or II Ba axeTy- ooa oTy apaI y
pa yay popae Boe}r a. pop. aare ar, oy-
py,otu o aeylo BI_ IiI aBpllree p pepo.
paTeI{oT' BopaTae po e tIl II e (oa r I
1l6 Co PAFI

o| pple ol)' ByIo ooBy II a' o oe

Il a-
oIII ap)o I, oJIeTBo oIIIeIIIx o Ita aI\4T-
TIlo apaTa BpaIx o oyo )Bo
e oT pa pyy. oo- pra Ta' oTI{I a.
aao aaa ta o- a oxpao ptao
r IIooBaa TpoT o- ao' ooBlto )e T III
x oopoB. paet IIoa orpt
opaIto aoo o0.
TpoTeTBo poaoo BpeMe I.{pao IIpoBrr p-
-
IIpTaBo o pa Mo |1 ollaIpo ep C-
aTalt{. Hao pa Ca-rp_apTa (p T-
IIIIII aoB - .oo a- p I "-1115 .). oxpa-
e (994). o pooItoe a I oul xapap-
a paTao a aBIly I a oax po
oopoy. Hoea, BrI pa. )o IropIaT Bot
pooa' pay po aBo a, aaIe opl'
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a y lllao_ap, BoIlp- oaa B pTp o o
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o oIao r4- Boo pya. B ae BIIeTc
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IIIaa, poaro py pyy opaoB IIpeeIIo oa,a. xa-
ov, IIaaIoT a oe' o- paepa aop'lea ypa
BeBoBa IIpooyIIIo. x Caopa, pol{aloa e
epoa,e oI{oI{Ie a a- 8r.I.
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po pI ep Ce Hoa oa e(y yapo Maao.
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IIpa), oe, oo I{oIe apr IIa vI L|IlvIa-
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73 mp pocnucb <pd Xpucmo"t em nomo"x mp>' Ho XII .

ep-h-Bu
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pop palre ep
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paItoo TooBa Tpaolr- alloo opI{aa.
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apo op, o pea oa- Be IIee oaJleo' o p-
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o t)eII: BTa oJII- Ha opoe II oe' Ka o-
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oepraro oKpy ooII' - oa Bote ya
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|24 ccoPAlI

75 Bmp puu c numo. .\e-

m pouu epu Mpm.
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pu

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oooBa l{ooy'oIIaI{) oo.
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o PAII |25
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 126 yo PAI{

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 To PAII |27

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. 1120 z.
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op .ro yypl{Ix a. ae>> rrxo pe}ro' papao-
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opo polIBrrII zUIo- y. oee oIIy apy
poo Bpe[,teII. yve alt- BJIIoT peer aToo IIop-
o aTK IIo B paopl{Ix .la <Mer' (o. 1118 .). x
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 |28 TBo PA

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z u.l p u - p - o- p' .
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ououome

popa e oJIa oe. oopeeo pooB a

o pooIo ooo o)- Ia paa IpaT IIe oo
oTIo eooex opoe. orxpall e o y-
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pooBtII o ox, or o pexoBoT eoBa' IIo
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TBeIoMy yBy ooparro IIoy IIaeI{Io JIe) Io-
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pIlvI oBoa payld. epB32.
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r yyee yp(a Be- Ilo' IIaTI <C-Cep
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 TBo AI{ 129

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l30 yoPtlII

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po ooo IIpa. oI{eIII ro afl ae-
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py ypyo ae po. a ta IIIIeIX aella'
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|34 co PIl

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136 ]TBo PAu

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oyTM yx apooo Bop. ]o ooo aa a ao-
proIx )xTo. Coa. I{Iloo }Ipyar e.
prrBroB TiUIo BaIt. aaa p To TIt paT
loo or- Bty yy oyxoBopI{-
TM poIIIoo. yp' a Brp- o. flyrB}to B)e po)a-
' yeI opo pBpaaJla r yypax ooo aT.
ox oyaTllo BeI]t. pa a l yp, pBo B B-
I olT. oparr a . ) B o' opa)aeT B To-
ax xpaa oeao oo po- o IaJ'Io pM <<.
IIIo llao. T aI o. poBaI{Ix)>, pa epa.
pIBaa Boo)oT <<ooBp. lx ao' Bo Baxax al{x
> ee' pteB I{ Tpyx oax
rpoa, o Bo oBpra. oe). epo pa oyIrI
' yBT optlltoT o yIIIBI]a poBI{oT' yM.
IIpy Boo a aoo- , aovTk|,a IIoopoT' oT-
po. B p <<o > Tpax ep aa3atvI.
aIlvle
o ap r pa. ya I IlaTl'
oIro opa, I{o pa xoT poo.yIlrr. p o-
e )IlIloe poar. o a.yxoI o oa
o ya' oTopo Boo a- oo Be B eo ao (BIx
TaBT yaT o ooa poI eoBerx I]poBrx.
XII ea, o oopI a a- .. I paItoo eBpoo
oM aa o pT;UIa ooo paa ta -
aT IIIeI poBa I. aa pa t (o |125 .,
py o aTp yao y Po o). o o
pT oy ato o aoee peatx opao,
ooruro ya. o or- otaIIIx poa yo.
o Io t aa pe B opar oa)oo Tea
pTBooo)o a B Bxoo B py tx T
It{To yaaa. p pIlBoB. A ea
paaIBarT o oI|4 vI .e Ta)e JIo oooa )aI
. poal oI oB- paBaT ee oBeplueliTBo.
IoT pxepTl{Ill4 po- oaro ta apyo pa-
ItI opa,I{' Il p lllo yr
ecTB IIo oIy ypaBl{oe- . paI{aIl pa
ItI BpI B)e. ap pToo xpaa oyoBo op.
Ba BooI{o opaa po. oaJlIloe oo)e ypr. a
op yp' oo olr y- o yoaa, er oa roo
peepo. o B x oe-
}rI yoBa (aop oBTopT lro-
M|x' a oe a py, r el | y) oo.
 CTBoPI]II |3.7

oTB ypI Iloyoy-

BaI{I{I o a Ta
r oel{). pe opI{a4- - opa o
a opoTr. Cypoo
opo_

aJIH paoalx pBB pa- yxa oTalo op iUITapI

oo aa ypa t opa- TaTLI aotl opa, oa,
aT apa. Ho xy. C-Hpe. o o ao
'o) Ir BeoB IIa y opo papaoao apo
opao oTTBIlo oB- Cparoo ya B Talte pB
a. Opa t y pa o)' Ce a (l135-1140)' aoo
r rxx Bpx IIITB},I pToI{, y-
aTe ro: a O a- po xpT' oo po ot.
op eai o ao aBHo. a pyo
-
o |p) Tp. pa ao Brpaloo peI{oB' yTpa-
T apeTo oy. uIaI aoo a,
l, ve ypy, to pa. ToT ]Ie ooo.
B otlyTaoo pa Cyypa oa poaa
ya Cor. oor o) py BIya a op-
Bp opaBa ya[IIt y apry oiula Bo a-
a, oa oop Ay l poB B llo pT
(1l20-ll30) a ToJra paIII- II a. At IIaT ]Io-
I{I yTypo aao. PoI oTiI a poBal{-
Ha a pa yypI a apo' a appr po-
eop oproToB a ap! aa a x xopo pao.
Boax opTaoB' opae po. opa;rI' oxo) a p
ootl ae. flopal .pyI ap' rap, |1c.|,
aea pt o aI tl aaTa' poeTTl' op a-
MaTpalt{ Aya, Ceoa, al{epoaI ooIlI{I
yay paBo or, a- oTa apir yypo
a.a popaMa. o ro- apxTeyp opa opaoB
IIoBTopT oI{ ToT ) oT' p C.--ap
T ypt B o(I apae- Tpo Ap. a po
' aoT opaIr4TI aa- yBa oBoo yopaN1
ai yBa. e pt oa oI oToIrBa ypl
l pe opoTe apx. Ix. Pe poaao
BoToB p paoo)tt yp y ypl Io. poop -
Bo orpalt ap oT' Bo" prI' Iro T)I a-
-
yTopa o.
cpk'-L|^|I a ot) poTyIIaT o. AT-
Tr al Op' a pt I oTBl oBrpyTI poao
paT pea, oBIBa Bo- ^|L[ah' oya T(ra a -
I!{o(IIoT paBIIIt yTypI B a aII. B p aaa Ce-
x paoax. op -r-ap BepI B ol{y{e-
op pBr oallIl - aoM yTB pol o-
B x o.
)eTIII aTr. Iropo oparee pa-
oTyrT a pay- e poIx.
CyCCTBO A aoa A;r opita B
1066 o aaa oBa l'al] lt -
Top Too oypTa. Hop71-
o Ba,lo nt.otl.rlo
ITpery aBpIIIe}o po2t
aa A: pI o-
'tlI oTo t -
el }o]Ia oI{Ta B oTool\{
. HeoooT yp)BaT B
ooB opI .lpo
ooToBaa pIo e.-
pao aT. A opo''
a av pxol o-
I{ e' oaa BaT}'
ao r N'e I|t t paBT
pot o,Jox. I(pa
Aoo oyaTBa' OTpoB-
o oo)ee Tai, TI{I B_
oTIl. aoap pa.
Ba opoeoo
oa' ooeo paIpB|re [|pv|
aaa' tUI) oIIa-
To a xapap a. yTy-
pI po,rao ox.
y aBoa l o-
aa pBxoyl IIIoJl t-
tl apI' tt oTonolr
oao a Tep. Hapo,
oTpoB[ra apxTypa
- oT
p
TpoTr1B Bpoo
aaa (1049-1065) t y
olT oTrilItIx MaT'po
-
ptaa paBIIeI llopa.
a px (.a
paBIIT|4. C aepa pIlIJI p
peoBIx TpoI pMoB.
B oB TBoo .po-
a' oopr pBoaitJIo
Bo MTIll a|l{l[ Ilo a-
BI3ItIx Hopa a-
oIr,I
Tpo' t yoBpr'l.oBa.
I, oa(. opoo pa-
, pop oopa.
 TBo 139
^|7JII4I4
Hopa pI TII ypr- aa oo). a
Hk|' B oToo pBI aaI Bo. IIpoT)eoT parTa. ar
py aep yIlo o;lJl popTIr,r popeaa B
oll(ol{o. fiple ar o- c c ooyro po: oa ra
pe JI alIeIIII!{. poa- pBal{a oa oeo o
aIlo o r al yo paTIIIIIee B Topolll a.
opl, oI{oBI{o xa)Ie. ooy Ba BI{yIII-
By o e a o- I{oT x ar yBeBaa.
}lI' IraBpxy )I oaTI a oTaB rot
xo. p Be aoae eET o apeypI
r oyT oIIo Tap ee B opoMa epo. Coopr
(|o77 or). aa a BTopo ooBl I-II a aIT
a |paa M o o}Dl(oa. B paoopal oa Io-
oaB peoT ra BIoea I oeo. Hopak| IIp-
Ta) aoa aea' prpI- oo3 xaroo a.
a IIpeM ooM (o. aoo aaa (oopr ,{apee
l0l8-1097 .). B ll oo,- Cayy). xo o pa-
oa a aopar _ . pBap oop aa
,l(ot{' pMoyot I.loo- oo BIoTo oao (oo.
yoI B alte; B o ToT pI BveTpe ). at a-
oB opl o.t. - x oop ToT po-
IIIlI. yo}lI},r opTa. p oxo-
paoI opo A, yo- o oB I re' o papo.
B oIT pao apxTTyI' TpaI{ oy Ir Ioy. Cor
oTaToIIo pa apy, Boe. A I ooo oo-
opa. Cvo oo- tx ax. Trte p-
oIo aoo apaI{oo ol oTaB a Ta
orTa Io oe B y. llp
BToIx oll{oB o'oy
TooM aI{ oB oaTlporo oo oro o
pxooo xpao. o oo yox yao o -
a oo I{ B pyyp alr- opl oaJI I{prIr4I_
ep, o ooaB. : p py oo elrpa-
III Il e. B rao o o e t pae eoxo. B
y a o)o Io I . B| TM a 3o
TaToo Ta pxo)a oo Bp peIloTa tpB-
ooroo pa. o - IlI pp|T, oIJI oI{Ir eI{-
JlIo yea poT)oT alo peIl I oopoB
eo xopa' oI{ TaoJI (1083-1l90)' popo (oe-
oT paI{l,r py pyy. Bly- Il TBpT II .)' C-oa
.T a TaJla petao x-
paTpa oopo A, y
(o 10,77
- o. 1090 r'.). Ho e
r opo BIBa )Il
pxI a oTa . otao il,lo pere. B o-
l o l70 (apt op . op [apea ooI r 1096
140 o IIJI

87 oop u. . I0B3-1190 zz.

oy I rpepII ppr a II .) ap Topoo pya Bo-

Boail,I' a ooo 1130-1133 oo p}tlvra Mo}tlllt xo Ite
ppI BoI Bepre poe apat' B ppax oopa ap
epepI par e oo rol apoal
poaIloo oopa. Hot T Bo- p. B Po (II .) I B)rar
toB IIoBo oxpaT oee eo pote oroo opepa: Kpy-
Bepxeo pa. Ie oopI o,II o Bopoo py-
pept poax xpao A- a IIeyT ap op. p a-
opa paoopa ap- eo po(eoT o
xeypo aa. Byr- paalloBa oop ( opt o.
IIo oear te o pee- vIra r paoopaI
o)I(IIr opaoa o- ot)' ooeo x petoBa-
paeJIIl. opt ro III{' a' Ilapp' ,[ap vtrlul,
rIIe peeo ea a p'I p- BIIoll Botvl oBopa oIto
a. Ho B paax Too aoa a- pooo' epeoIloo opa.
o oa eor- B apy)Klro oe ax
aoo paoopa. B oope xpaoB otr oaa petoe. /
C.oaa e oIIoyT ,apyplroy eopy. o '
aa aMI{, epopo opao- tI oBpxo el apoIII-
a e opa)ae o)EoIo p- poea paIII a
o. B Cayye (epa IIoo- ap' IIpo p Tol!{ aBIty
 Bo AI{ |41

88 olp !lp. mpp. 1093-l I33 zz

|42 TBo HII'1

opaIloT. aal oaa- pr rop opTao e

Io oToy oeopao <By- (1135-l140) (o. 1175 .)'
oI{oIo>. orIe pao- Bopot pBII aoao.
opar pMl apaTyp. oo MoBl o o opt
ooaBItv| |4xc aIo I{I ltyTBa BoB. Mor IIrTr-
poI{ aI{oy pyy a. , o tle B pIIBeo-
o I{aTlopI. Coop o yTr' oTaB ooy
IlpTae B To I ep a- opa a oopa ep.
a oEo BeTBeIIIlI ep oT ao 3oII-
ao <<ax> poax ur opael{Tr BTI{a o-
a. opa op (o. 1110 .)' o.
po BI'r Tp eIIle Illto IIIrBp aoo po-
IlIoI poN,rao axeypI ooo !||1. C ]oI]III
A. paI Hopr, C- poBer oapyrBaloT p.
oa, ll flepopo' pa- t aap lrpaI oopa
ol o paMpa' op o. ,[apr (p p II .)
apxTTypI loo-Boa. Co- peI |4e O, p o-
op oep (1089-1150) o opI BIoM opIIIeTB BI.
yopo[Il o, aI tee. c aTa *ooe
pyI oIIopaM' apoI oxo> B IIoIlo y B-
pop' pTo, aoMI{aIo- opl,ll1 Apa (o XI _ aa-
aooeI{ro rpo' o II .).
- ooe yTBo AE po-
aI aIl aao toI.
Apxypy Cpo o- ao ox oxpal{Jlo aB-
ae I epIeIIaop- IlI opao a paax py-
y, To po poBur oItlx . O t oarrr
oop [apa. o pN,ryrBy B popx a
Cyypa paa o a- I paI{I. e ytep)a Bor
x oopo ottlItlry}o po. ae aTpe rrepep
para BxoI opaJII' . Bse.pa, papI alloaotl-
al{t' aJITapIrI ppat. C o aropo e l pe;
opa) oar a- TeElII I o xo.
eI paoopar yaI- Bel M v| e|4 o oe
BaT I{a oItoBpeliltoe ooa. TooIIl a-Mara.
Il pIIIx oI{oB. o Cor Bo Bopo oor
t oI perI' aele xl Ba ao-opa T
y aoea aao oTa B pylo ope op-
pa a (pt oopa o ao ao IIa-
vp , ||20-||25; yTyp- a. Co T aoro
r p IIa allao aa oo- opalo ITT a.JIIX
pa or' o. 1|45 r.; opal , B aax oToplx oIl-
ul. o. 1135 .). Haor aro ypl aaKx y.
oopa oae yJIII. IB' )BoTIlI T' BpaeI
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39 I()'lttltt,L |,lpl|o pu (|m pu u m ,[!ttd. l 15--1 l'10 zz.
90 zou. uumlop <mupu u m->>. ,[o ] 123 z. Xudc-
e-l, puutl epu m odepd
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9l omo e co ti' ozem

ponuu nI m A'
Tpm mpm XII . Kempepu

Io,eIe eI. a:e, o r Ba aep}r CIr-

o,JI aaI{e }I aIIo- oaa ep-C-ya.
palro I{apI a- MarpI <C-oao
aBoo Cpa. Ho p B pa- ap', (o 1123 ., ee,
oeo aa opIIaeII- epo Ca oexap) aelroa-
aJIIIIe yparell a oee peIIIeI oxo o op -
yoptoIlI' op I|L|IIaJIa ya XI o. aI xy-
y)e e paBope yy, a IBJI- o,It pyoll r raroe
(ByIo apxeotly' ta 0lo36. o oo ale-
pI a poe al{oBe IIIx eax yo.pe y)e yoB-
IIoo Iraa. opeea IyIo oopar, outa te
Ba ooI{oT aoo a Iocpa oxlloa
poil{aoo L|H|Iaa eo tIIaDI- (ae perro Trppepo.
-
r xapaep. [ alop py- Ba 1l BILac ool\{ xyo-
ra I II o xapaepo pe. eo aa aepa. B
oaalr pa.rex pIe. IIaIopa ap yepJl
paa ao or poBIlI- or II eoBro ypI'
Ta{' tolvlIlllpy eI IIoo yIreo' pyItI
paIe eeIIIe oa' opa- epa a' apeIIIII opo
l' IIo apolloaIe oeM peIIIIvt lea. B py-
ByaII. olt yopeelrI plt ya.
epeo IIaTy B I{Io . IIIBIe pa' pe BeIrIr o-
ye A 20.e or II a III' ooo. ao poeel{e
146 Bo A
pTop ep.Ce_y
- o opaa apo
ora p (ey ||2| opaliooo Ta.
l148 ', p:, epo_o- oyeaa )o A
oxpaa B eox pa.
e,)
- aoao oBopo p-
TzIt{oy yI{ JIO.a- Tax, aItI opa B x
x opao. pBax Cya. e oyt
B opo ooBIl lI a- oo al{oaooo -
IM TM MTtopt I a, oBpo 3ao
pp B.reep. a.I- epepaoe. Iiypa I{aa o-
I{t Br a "a- BIr a Ta To
a " (pa II ., o- ypaBoBIIIItl oo tl,{' pa-
o, a aoo Bop- pIII pM' IlI,B,-
a)' ByIIIeI{I' Bo }o Tpa- It. poar a pax B
aJIa' pao3I opope (oa TBp II .)
) I M y( [4 plaro B oTptllIrIr oTo.
ypa' *p p |7|4|1' Ix BITI{yTIe' pave p-
ya" (pea II .' oo, peIII ypt poIlJIIBaIT
pa y)' oaa tl- ppa o oyoy oy. Po.
eTrp aTpalr4. o - aI C p .
o poalt aT)po A. pp oop (o. ll30 .)
oa ..oIa Bvp - p ao yTo
al>, (opa ooa Il ., tioylo' o pr'yr py. H
Bp, oop): eoo xy- ypaTB vo ao
o)IloB' paIrIx IIo B
.I.pa- yTol{o, pae opeL|
It{ pBaI{oTIl{' oa BylltTItoT poT; T
Ti! e rr eIto poBer' oTypI a ypt oaI-
IoTro o oay o. 7. o a BrIIlx
paToo oop. Ba olll}l|x o a.
oooIo aIop (B- o oelo )Bo B-
Tpo ll.> Ia ppaa e. pa po aI
opao ao-a1.t.oo py- A pp. e
a. Co Bep[II oa oa B peTaBrI{ alloo a o
L{aT)pax xyo)a' aBaoo 4r. B r oTTBo I1o.
o oToMy Ty ']opa)l]- Tya Bapyloa py
r ,{aa Io-opo oo TBa.
CCTBo .rAIII yorea ) alr
rpo Iooo preBeoB oT-
rlaa po eux oo-
o, oyotlltIx a -
TopM olxl pal (a-
To ae ota IIoI{oTIo
e eaJlo 3 o 3pr TII-
e), a Boeopar r paB-
. pal{o Bopo opoa'
ToI ilJI Ba)] or-
o o. opoa pa
I{rao rI{ oooaa
poy Bex T B Ty.
pe alt. Ha oyopoBe y.
TBoBao lloo poB' pa-
Ix o o er xyo)-
TBII\,{ ype. I arl-
P, oae p.
at, a)aBI Beo
aT' t to>tr oaT B
C, e oo p,JIoI
a.o ooBo' ar Bo.
ap apal, a I a oo-
BaJl llopaIlr. B II o r
a Bolt' oTaB B.
ay. Ha ep BI
oap ao B.
"L{pa Apa" t.oo
ao yype. oap-
opoa pToTo pTa-
CtIo v|Ml|ep,
apor rI oBIlI.
a B apxTyp. Toaa B Bo
paBI ao lIITo tIiJIa
IIoo Tope ox - Bo-
po)('Io.
Pa paBT opoo iulo(o
oTIIeao a xapaTrp TaItoo
orBa I-II BroB. Hap
otI pol aa.
g' poTl\{' MoaIp
oa paBa o-
TBIto opoa apxTTypa.
l48 TBo v|AI|vwr

Bo IlooartIoo oaoo eeIII opI.aJlallo y(e

ola' po al,r e- )e oopo o opy-
'(oo
xo II opoBrx . Parre o- (aloro Ilpo)alra: x lt,e
)o e BIxollJI a peeI oDl( opIa apoIII po-
pea, tpaoatx B ea o(,Ill' oopIe y)i(-
epe peoTIIoo a}Iooo eo opa opo>ra. Ha
)oa. opo Ca-,[- opo a'(e paoaa a a-
Ilo Toae, oxparu a, e (e axo a-
IIaeIIo ee o XII e- o, opaer opoy IIo-
a, opIa pIo JIyTa}l a.
BIox oo-ar' opo o oopo IIoa ollpete.
pe oao. VIatrc aaI rp alcepw ll
opo e a oeBeIIIx e- BepaJI oJIooII. Tp o
pa pII{oIIyIo oa oopo, ta po oIl|tJ|'lc a-
-
Boe.a,rao ae- ' a'(o eo aooeJloe
pr Iloat Ilepet opo o- yeBoBaIIe' o aBaJIo Boo-
pooo aoyllpaBe. o- Ilo JI Bo3I{IIoeE JIoIto.
j
 Bo .r'1 |49

I p aH. Baro exo

op aI{oo oTBa
la pep||la o oo o-
ll rpepoa a Ca
Apo;o Ma. aI
I pepI pToI o-
a a ao:lJIIIIx ypax' p
To oIxo e I{Tpe oo.
BTTBoBa iII ooI
a, T aI r ea a-
I IIIa I{a IIyT oa <<a-
o poao I>.
B oapx pax II a
ooa po pIla)aa aaa.
B x ypaB p e-
I' apoBIe apr' BIItoIr
opT-pla' yypl
rop. I{ep Ca e a
(lll7-1l55) e oo ao
p|a a BTI ao.
BIorl a, o opa)ae
92 lJpl m .odlto. lJandfi Bo ooToIo. Coop Mo-
d u pttii. Ilmlptl emepItl (1099-||84 vl pBa erpT
XI] . ult .)
- oIIo ppaIx o-
a oapo apxTeTypI
-
o peyae ||4 pa
o apxypoo al|a. B BIaIox aTepB. Cpo-
yoBo oBr a Bo lo aao apTopo
TpoTe Too p,ep)Ba apao, oI{ II ea o
aaoo Ta paoB poo) o e a_
IrTpoo paIr: aM- oe. Ha yypI ropo
aI B ae I pyLI I4I1I paoT aTp Bro. p
apaTI. oopy)e taIJII IIIpoo p-
at epa poao ap- ll p: eo pal e op.
eypI B a I oap. rT apar Irppa. Hapy-
c lloa To- }II TeI oopa Mo oao
aa. oap o B To paeIIeI oyoI{a vI IIvIe-
po oxpa BoI a - a opoa apoo a-
ylx poJI. p' oopa o rppy ootT
B II oT TpoTeI|a e. B al{e. aa yr oo
ToT aa ooeo eB- BIoI{I apoI{I opo -
o CeBepoI.a|L| oe r[,r- Ta( Ca ,{o Bepo
.pe |||7 roa, IIoBpeIIIo (o. 1120-1l38 .), oopa B -
150 Bo TA

93 epo ue. nd .
c. t11z_l1s5 zz. u

94 oop, fiIu",ul u nmuclpu.

106-1350 zz. u

ee 0|22-1158; aepet |233 ap pee IlIIr yeo.

.). aa po. Coop' Pyaa paea oo o-
aep atvraa ap opa peaIo oo, yIro-
(oe |1L7_|3o7 .) opayro oII ' Be aJIIIe peete a-
3 rp llerx aa pillre.
aa - ooJI' o-
oo alluIt. aa flapoo xoa e e oToItoxp-
oopa ypalIr apaa ao apxlleypr V ea. o-
IropKa' apoBIe arpe e 1118 oa )olrBo a-
IIaIey Dl(ypo. Bo- oo oopa poo( IaTp
paoe tae apoo a- Paao. O y are
Tep olloao IIIIo Bo3yIIIIrI- Boe aar. y oao a-
apM}r pepao oea. Ito BI{e r Bo JIe-
apaa o ooo
aao,I oopa. Coopyree
I,I

aulep ape o yJI- eoo rplroo ( po-oyt

TypIIa eopall BaI }Iee}I oeo) aII paopIII .
eo Ara' pya,. Ha po IIIo
oIre oop opaTpy c ee-
ep pIIeoo o
apxeypr _ oopI aa IrIo ya ' a)' pa B e0
e, Toa. C'poe e pa a. B 1153 o t
o ro llaao aao oopa aJIo(rII a aep.
1063 oy IIa oKpae opoa I{a 3e-
Apxop fioa I{aa eo
o yy" Boa prp aoIllM oey oy.
 o I.|III4II 15l

]ii;lri;lrl
ll.lti!tii!l

-t

Cpoo BoIII{I e Io )rI o rI{o

Io aao ||14ro, a peo- oIIyIIaIIoy eIo pee-
aalo' Bo (eo) eot aa38.
v |I|cpa aTrpo oao. I{ep Toar
ooo oopy l, acepIo' oa
- op coa-
a oBrIII apxeypI'
e olloIloe oIloBa' opy- IlpooJr,aBIII oarrIIIe pa.
(eoe rIlvl apaa. Ha t'r. oxpoa palopa o-
I{ oI{ae I pyoB oa oeall 9eIvIeIITa
apoI{Ix ape. Ta o - aI{oo optpa ptaa ope.
r eo aa, o. 4 yJIoIl\4 a Br-
r Br Tp aI{. Bee o' paI{I{oe Byae IIo-
IlpaIroepl{o oa pyIITa a- Boa oopT o "poopee-
a aal{I{a IIaoI{a ee B ae>>.
pot Tpoea. or o- B Bopao allep Ca
pIIBoBa aeIo BoIIIiI' [oa (o. 100-1l50 .), oo-
pr a ro ,{a,
o py' op9I 1301
oy' eIo oTaoB paBIIo.
- po o
oaBJI, o-BtoMy' otea-
t ee opoy po- Ta opoa xapaplla
oo)yl aolry arrr. <a. <xoa> opaoa ao:
aloa aI>>, oop ae- p rx ILI{IITp' oollo apo
p B oTaII o opaylo eI o, oo
aoaTo (ae) oa. JIy(T oa IrpTa }r ap-
|52 tcBo AJI

95 tti nopm epu !eo

dope. oe ]138 z. Bpoa

ypllI oo. epep (Caa ap oe, o. 1123

oIIaIpo ep Ca Mo .; Caa ap Tpaeepe,
a Mo (a.raa 1062 .) e o- ll30-l148). Hore ta po
pII )oIlI ollpy- 3 pa' IIo I{e (aII peB a
IIeBoIlo Bopeae B IIa{- x oy IIIpoo yopee-
o .palrl{expao a. r -paopllI oIoB,
. aar a epI{ o- aopIe ot, p IIo aIIIo'
oa eI' eDIlo-eIII rp- oaoe ypaBo.
llItl paopolvl. e apaI Bee peaa e oe-
Il)Ileo a' oB oopIx o- Be paoopare rIrI{.
Bop oa poo, e- e oI oapB o-
IIpoyottK ae poa- ae' BoxIIoBI{ IlpIuepo
Io IIy apollr eoo. Ba. Haoee lreo
B oJII.re aoo oyapBa oa peI{eeoo apxy-
pI B
Pe poo o)I(I4o a
poe II a. e oaa
- oop . apa.
Croo alr llpoo)a-
ItoBIx apxypllI IIoB u| o I o Y . Ooy oe
poJI o apI{e. Hot - oo,l oIIo opIlo o o-
elio B palrolro po a- aIlooo e !aa-
ao apxype Bo allooo' peoopaIlo
oopy,{elle BIox oooel{ IIae I{ yIialio Io yoa}I.
 Bo I7TA 153

]*'!.;.
Sdt'

Ft l. i
$l:

';,:,,::;i,i;a;,:i ;ia,-

96 mu,'1 Kn. mpep. Med 1I31 u I ]43 zz. epo

154 o T

97 edmmo mu. pultu o p'. P nlnumpu't p. plutop.

. 1206-12l I zz.
 o LI.AJ|I|I l55

C aaa oopy B. apa pet-

IeBye apoIla aJlepe' epe-
pITa aJII ylloa. B oe-
e aaoB I,t oop4 Ilpe-
po opaJl Iv1ooeoo oIl
eal{oo ya' po o-
aTBa oyeBa Mopo pe-
yJI: oop . apa I ee
Ba(I{III pJIoIIIII{ }I oyap-
eIIIlI epo. oxe BIoo.
o prteeoB oIlo}lT 3apo)-
e Tna oaoo Moroaloo
Beeaoo ajarlo. oo opt-
Bao apaa o) B o-
poy luI{ooeIiIIIx BeIIax
al{ao.
pervaI Boeopal\,t o-
aa I_III Bax xyto)Ke-
Bea ro al
'(Il
lrz,l'
B C B Iloxy opalllloo
9B Mmp Bu,audeo. mopu oIIotBa oIl ooI ape-
Ku u P d oop yplrI ' oeTaIII oTo-
fitu.ttuo. Ko X I I . M o d y poor e[,reTa}4 aao
156 yBoITAIIIIM

l.

')

ao apxeypt. B a-
!lx' aIIIIIX oM poxo(-
e{ opoellllf opo}l' olvl.
IIpyIo eBepIIIe palye
yxaurIe aat ee-
xop. I B)ae e
TpoIIIe oII)yII' yo-
a' 4yyJlae aaoBI
oI (aaII.UI aa a-
epo, }r,I<y ||3|ul|143 .). oa-
Bolt{ apy)Iloo ropa BoToIro
a opa(ae oop Caa Map
a Hyoa Motea (|114_1'|89),
e to}Ipye oB peao 99 Mecc c. Km. Ponuc u
ap' Ito IIpepI,I 3taIIlI po- epu Keeme Pe. .
JIIIIe. I 100 z.
Cyypl eop aJIx l 00 3Lt. M uumlop umpueIo?o
xpa}roB poao 9ox oJIa cum <<mem>>. XI . pu,
P oeopa. B X _ epo pu coop
 TBo T1 157

ii'.' i'l:
,ltl+*}a}Q,....{.*}-*l*"p:.*.'..l;3.s:;t'.;;..i#

It
,?:"
t!ilr1

'ti':ii '|
;l"i:r: ,:'
158 yTBo .|J||1

ooBr I a oo]ITBoBa ao a II a Mao

opaI{ar pt, o 1040 Bro. o paoo(Jl T-
oa rraTyllo o)BJIr opa- oaBTIe ItI lll po
eo Tpa. Ha oe, A- a oe o apaI. aa
' BoII B .O Bp4 p ypa- rp vIIIo MOI{a opa-
IIII{IiIX Io)I{I peraNl )aeT oM BlpaI ao-
rox TpooB llpooBrl- I{o. aaept )l(I' BIlo
ap. O l oTo poToyIII' III c-
paB a poo Ba op ppxao
yypI ayI] a eBp. arIio poxoo.
Moyr pl ep o Br I, .
a. aa. oo r a. Mo, aTep Hoo. o o.
l Ba pB Bp- xpao B afl oop
o aT. Btpaoaa ppap, r olr paoa 1l35 oy
Tra oope oBrroo IIa ypaIJIe opl.aa. C
aaa, oTaB[Ia yTy}lI yTop
- o Tot|I

pl - apTToIt,O- at, e y o u. O
po' oBa lta or Tpar e o pyllpotsa' e B-
- pa
Mltoo BaII-
Apo epar, a[Ia oTJI ]'-
A' oTa or B- x, 10(opayx, y-
pLlvr. yx aI{Ix I!{-
fiop C a a . Ho TaT aBTopoM
ar.t.o Bpo . Iooo apoI{oo opTa' To
Ta B .Ie paoo) - oo avl. B o p
l pa e ol1pa a TBo MaTa papIO
prl\,lI peIxTByo pre. ooIr pB C' [o
Cta aTa paII] Bo Bpo (o 1138 '). pa a-
aT o a B pea Bo- aoo aaa oao ypa[I
Ix pe pl] Ca ,Il'o B- yypo' Pt Bp a
po (o. l100 .; p o o. t ax poo)l(}r B ar-
noIl Bo BToo prT II .): p- IIo op a TI]ax' B}aIe
orr ooI oTao oBe* paoopaIr o XapaTrpy )e-
o yp. Mapo poo- Tl, poltl' .l'op
BIx BpaT oytoT B pBylo orp epaTypIrI.
TBIItr B aI{ooTIloIIIeI{ Ca yllir (lo p
yaToB o. TaIlx ar'.tI II
"Ta Cao. - aaa
III a - [i/te.t"o Aea
>> oa ao BIpa-
- (pa )/ly ||15 |235 rr.)
I yIx o p-
peTa I{; o pat Cyop t.lt, tl,t1o' ao o
IlToBo a oya o- ypo paa ' oo(o'
o pr poo. oa MT'po --pa-
ar aTIt .- p- a' yrIJI illl,l.t|H() . p-
I oopa oe I oa B Bor I]itlIll() aTpoBao
-
 CCTtso .I^14 l59

1 l78 o po}le yTopa C po pB Ca po

pe .,le o pTa> B a o a (o. 1095 .)
-
TpaeIlT oopa ap. C p B pyTaT opaeoo
Aea oy yr o pao- aB aplx pa. yoB.
T: o opt ol ByTp puIeIIIx Ba' poB
I aopooo oToI{TBa. aao ;o. Caa -
ypI II o. aTIoIa I{a B a a
-
,{a o lpae- apxaa xaa aTao.
I{oT oa. <<oo Bo- Ba pya TaJIaTBoo poIIIr.
BoB>> a rBpo opTa apo- lIIo xoorylo BIyy arpa.
o ap pylla ap C- l-{pl poo
Motl aI Co B o )Bo IIa } a p
-
pIra,aT yIIIlt{ oaI\4 epB Ca Ao }I p
Aa. pl aTpa ay (ry |12 |81 rr.),
papI B yyp IlopaJIa oIioBr oopIx ao
oopa (lr. opo- erIloI aaa MoaTIp
Ca-floo, IlatUIo III .). Pa- oao p (1058-
xItIr o Topoa oT Bxoa l087)' ooa ao
I{yel opa3I popoo yypl39. B pB oxpa-
!,aa r eevl IlpTaB}o a orua aT )Boo
oo op .raTkl, IloI{rn B a*la. o popaa BloaT
[IIrta' BIo pI. rxoaBTIII Bar -
o a, l-xlI oB a- I{Ia TI{a ea, p B aB
Ila ooo 4rTo B yB p. oa aeoB a-II
oo pol. oya- raurt (.y Il T.
o It pBpl{aoo oll t ppo]'l Ba-
yTa' yrTBoBa TrI opal B poal{ol\{ y:
cB'|4 Ba. C I a pr- po 1a IIBI{ T.
oaTI oBa;I B- ( o opar, oopa o-
r' oIre l BTpa x B oa aIIaIIIlI J]I\4Ta
oao a opoe C- aoooo IIaa. ypt
. Bor epolleo yrI{ olv'ox a A op.
yo Boo ep ts M pyI{I' yopoIiI IIpo.
poa po xoIlI]vI op' o'Ml IIpaIrI T).
IlyllToir4 aro. Il!{ TIlN{Il' p|4 To xyo(
oap p l i H Ba oMa t. '}a-
Tr a }ITi Tpa|- oo )BoIlIlo Irpea.
I!'' xoT I{ Ioa o o- P poBIx po opa-
TaTl l} o tt Bo ooo o Bo Tpa-
poo. Cloaa 1007 oy oI pBao. !,pa.
p llp a Bo I a Pa o Btoo.
aatl :l aa Be.|c a- o poB
- rle -
To Ilpcttoo xapaTepa. I }I) rB Ca ee
160 tso lIl

(o. 1100 .). o aI{Io - Baryro Topoy paB aIl-

peBI{o oyeao o ,Bo II-III BrB o-
rt(o}lIo ep Ca Areo c.aBIIL| aoBI poB
-
op paoa poo xy- )I(BoIlI px pa.
o)a opa)a Bo l- MI peae x ao, ,
aoTro o oopTo. JIy. Cp apo III a
or aTo aopa ao paee,{rya -
opItaIITaEIr oBI' ooo ao' aBop paaTItIx ,-
oprop o a )(II B. BoI{Ix paclvl' Byt py-
Ae opa,eM ToB' eIx )Bolx Tpo
' arI, olvfeo' - oao, aepo, opoo
yBo aETo opI. Toar pyI]rx opa
-
oro oe a paT ye IoTppoBa .
poa )Bo poI oaa- Ba pal{o -
lvue oa' ooIlo aIto oTa}oT pyo' I.
oaIto ypao aao pTop oaTIp
IIIIII
al, o3ao B]aM ("eoap pva a>>,
}rl aepa. aa- 1072). I-{p aa a poa-
I xpaMo aTaB- Ba ooToIM
Bo'IT aylo - opoIIIx papoB. poo pa-
ay opaTByIo ry' poTpaIle a Io a o-
paIup r 3a eT oBToBa- ype BT' a a-
Tel lo)o IBarI *y' (o epoy
- Too poa.
a poT)Illlo rreo. llpl- o xaJloo Ma .oPa..
o oToy TI{o aaJlo' en). o p Tr ol
oo )a BaT Io)eI aeIII Bo paBopaa-
,y oo, pol{a x ep- IryaJr allIoa' pxo,a-
pIBoT) ItoTBoBa. oo. ' aBIII aI' ll{o
a yoo pa, IoTpa Toy' To poo-
ayto po Tt] pa a. aIIIa o B aaIly yo-
,[eopa IIIa IaIx . C o Io opar o-
ox o popa ea B prBryo r o oT-
xapaep oBpoBoro aoeII orr Ty. apr
T. ypa[Ia eTe .
CTBo vIII}jvI oa I-III eo Ia a.
II BplliIII aBIuIeo oa
poIlTI. o a ye
BpIiI{Ie Ilope' oIr
ol l\{e MpIlI Ilepoa-
. Ho oa I oe I1|1|1a-
Ba IIpIIIa oIloTIo B py -
a. oy III ea B pyax
aaoB oaBaa ora Tepp-
Top opoTa paaa. C p-
I I a polla popa
xapaep poo BoI, o-
oBy poTy pTa aTo-
o pB. Ta aopTo'
a a' o ooa
I{t a oT}Ie. apov-
opIB aBa Ipo py
Ilaoo oeTa, xo po_
Tr yBep)aa aoT
oppyle cao a.
firy o por r
Irapo. o a o oa-
BaT ot oee-
o ) yType agI. o
oa Mapa, <B x oax o.
il apoIe ottI ol.
a''4o.
Bo opo ooBe I oe a-
J oBI Ta B pa|4 vIaIJ-
o apxTTypI. parao
yoo TpoTeTBo' BIoa
To' o o I{ oToeBaI -
x' oyBo p Ix
araax peoao o ro.
oo Maepa. BopI IIrBoo
opaa pa, oaare
eaJII pTTypI ollIo;
oy )e IxoI pa aT.
o yaTBoBaJI B poTe' a
to opIt ooBa o-
poBTeBoM ax opor.
B paao oeTe Ile
to r aBpTaoo loa.
|62 vtccBo A

Boa aBpa}I BIBaa )I(Il opo-peo Aa (avao

roooT o3taBaT yKpeel{. Tpora 1090 .). Ha ee-
III paoI. ax ao I{I paBIIaxaoo oo-
I-II Bo oxpao tUIo. op eIII arrr Ar BoII-
pe TeIII opy)Ul IIae alo a opo(elle ypooo y-
oIIaIp. B opoax e) e. IIIoo a.
T I IlepIree a oopo yoa apypa cr,ag
ypII' JIaBIIy po paa I*II Beo oaoo ooo-
ooplla arrr. B oe II a paa Box peel{x. Booa
ooo ( IIaeII popea oa )aIII aao
-
oaBaa po poeI
-
rpoBa all oe opox
opo. a ooaJl pIra,t' o(lII B pBo
poTo apxryp or pa- ooBIl I a. oooro
yo apaoB. o oex I aTuLoI ep II a o
BopIlI tBoIrIe pI e' 3Meee x aa:'. pooIla
TyeI{aIr yI, Ilo' oJIe a oaIBaJIa yopoo, B
o aBpoB' poBIIIx eI I{p. o Bpe a pyaBa paa r
a' aII oot x )- aeo BII{eeI{I B opoIII
eIlo aIUI. Cpe a- (ep Ca ya a Aaa
oB pa)I(alloo oTBa o B IIpBIII{ tpoa (1150) Caa
IIIII oIIIr o Ix Ire ap Co--pre ;' 1' |7 5_||82).
 TBo flIlvl 163

payoo xpaa: IIa op

pra xop. \ pa a
pB aJIo a)I( apapltI
rpeee pa B peopT
B epBI e I{ea' oopIe
zur pa po xopa. B po
o II ca BII9
a, o paBIIa IoTa eoB.
pa epepI I{pr
Bota' ooIe opalo a
yTo pI{aBIlI I{,I oy-
ooIla' a oa opy.
' poa oepo o-
o oo}I' pyIIIItor
Bee aeT I{epep Too
a aaepo pa3yIroo' y-
)eTBeIIIloo aoopal{Il'
B eo poaa
l0I Qp pmu. I06- yBea o opo oo I
1 0B5 /90 zz' poul (lu uu oeT oa BpIIII{I Ira py-
er eo. eo r Too
oe' o pyI xyo)I(-
BopI proo poao apx. IlI eTpo. o poa
eTypr caIul TiUIa eBrpa o I|9II|||/1\| IoBeIloo -
.ra poo IroyopoBa' yTa. o o oo o,
epoBI{I B aT- o IIao. et
pa oTe Ba)yro po r a oa B pa oIIy-
payoy oIy. eI{tUIlIIx op ya.
B aoe o e oopa Haoee Ba)a opoa p-
ao apxypl I a a oo rlagll
epr paIII ol{ea oB alr - oop a-
o--ooa (l077l78-1088 ;
ap poe ae 1100-1128) . eppo
(l066-1085/90). o oar VII-VIII BroB Ilaeo
e eBIo pyI e I B xpaa' o
ar IIa 3aato ae Bo- Tpep opa Bo oMa-
Mpao Ira pope. xapaep. eaa e IIo-
Tp apeIe aI pIa- oeIx IIpoB' epoB B
Io llopetBI{Ilo TpaI{Ty' Cao ooIo oTopla
oopI e ITyae a opa .loI{eo ep, rr-
ooIx Ie oo B o pa.
Eapy)Ix oeax. ooy o pe oBle poI{TI
p B poe oTyByIo y opaaa poI{a a-
aIe rTI oaIDoo IloT B oToBaIx paoax.
 164 yBo A

l02 . etnp. !m ponucu nudt

epu edpo d pz.
pec. Ho XII ' p'o,
M moo? o u( m

IIee oyao oee pITe}I. o ctrI>IIII, t}lo'

oapao apxeyp w apa. Be e' ooa a
oo oeTBa' B0pIl}ra pIIe pIII l lll eol\4 o-
t' I[etI Ceepo p. pa opo,(a.
pe aTIloB lIaoo Ioa ooo To B poalro y-
Ite pya anr, BaII- e poI allae I4aIIa
a eto{ apxeypo t- )o. o xopor oxpaIIB-
oeH'||oac opy Ca- III}I llfoy}rellTaJlre aa
poo oopa Ca;raae (pea potell aoBI op
II ,
- aaJlo III .). pea po- JIapI{Ie opae--. {p*g.I?--
aIIa ByIIa e o ao- e; t"fr xTtffi xt II MIla -
Be Booo apxeypo. pa. Ceveo l ca
ooeoI oopa Caaa BIl.oT ora oo oxpa-
I ppr yo Irat peto- Ii}iBIII ll{oIIyMeaIlI IIaM-
pee' popeal By pa- IIoB a ooeIlo eoIo
,I oo (o. 1200 .), _ o paE. eppop ao roo
Ilx llpepo oroaeIlQo a BooIIIx pe. B
pMIIeII,I )eaIx apo. oTao aT paI poe
B Ceo IIaIIpoBa epe ta ao. ooy oppoaI|Il cT:,ll
yo,ea oopy(e opIIx poao )I(o cagll o-
apoIlIx aepe epeIII IIo- TaB oapa elerr o
 Bo I|^I1I41 l65

-l'tt..
] 0 Xoucmo o C{]. Ponu zo nudbl pu Kem /!nt1
pe. ' 1123 z' po, moto2o um(l
166 yo vrI|AIIIvr

104 m c. P nuo.l
Kmp J||o|Imlp mo,Qou-
zo d uoc. K.l,l. MD 1085 u
1100 zz. pzoc

105 zomp H mpolr. !m o-

lloluuu <<ooue o",lo>>
ote nudt eprcu m pu
T. pe. . 1123 z' pce-
o, Me mJ1octtoo urc-
m

oIIoIo t ollypaM ypaIIIaJIa eoa eoIle e-

llap,ItIlll' oa oI{- e epB' o opIaJIo y
pyIoIlI paoIII oaIIM. poIIIIoBeIIIo (oII o-
ae,IlBoI ppaaI- opIII Jleilrro. oopoe a-
BJI BearII' opII,tIe ao olytvlo II B ltpotIlllx'
pa tl atll, opoy o- BaEIIIX opoe aa-
re rro clla' aoI{- a&I!l.
|| opae poo eo oo poallo IIBoIIrzIII vI.
IIy)IIo pya. aepao IIaII o KopaJI ep CaII
yeeoIo B ao r- pe tpee aaoI,r. pe-
BoII oaa e' )I(BoI a a' opIa pee aII-
oTaaJI Ilproee oIIIlvl' , op)}r x)oIIIe {o-
polo paa' xapaepllI JI apae opa'(olt opaoB B lvIe-
aIIx poe opEeIe aollax II. Bopa, BoIIIIIa
oa. a pye(e I II eoB' oapy-
6ra a oxpaIIBIIIx o- (Bae 3aoIo I{aI{l,I
IIyeaIIIx poe IIII{e yo. ypI ol.tI,
o e oII epeell B ye_ pya aeoB (pa {yee
Bo A |6.I
168 ToIIII

Coo) pIar IlKoo.

pI pea oap.
C yo aTpo epea
JIe BaI po
epB Ca po ypa (a-
ao ll .). a xapap
aa e ee oe oe-
e. oe yTyIIJI eo eo-
}ry pyy ap(eEo oEo-
pao' oopa ptae Blryr.
eo opaa. B eope Ca
epo e ypa apI{T ao-
pa a)apxao )ooT, tp-
)aIx Bo BIIrIIllvt poel{ 106 mopmop u dedl no-
moo. mpt op u3 epu
yBB. o . pa oEo ypo- -eo-d-pt. Ko XI _
o opooeto, l{ta o XII . peo, Me -
pto Map rp)T B pye mo clo zo uI m
vary paa. o oIIo paEIIIlx
l07 zomue nm'J|t. Ponuc o-
oparer*r roeoo B pe- d meo rcoponeii. tcd 1167
eBoBo o Boa. u 1 188 zz. eo
 Bo l||^Hv |69

rfi

o lrapoIroy oliaIo ax
- Caa Map Ca e-
BIIIII opao rolr)Irpyr e )e yo(I{a}r. aa
-
po o ep Ca epo ypa pe I{ _ Tay a-
Cop (opa Bp II ., ep' aTo pe ao a
apeoa, ye aiIooo - Carr ee. po Bo JIar o-
ya). oa oparae o o- IIKae oxe Ka Taoe
peTBeoTIo B IrTeppa efle. Po potlaa eIo
oopavex opao. B - BeoBIx BIIIIe rx o.
aoell ap l{aeel{a oalolx arure ByIIo
xyo(IloM yoaTI oatIe B crz,lilvl Bop ooBI pa.
)o opeBo pooro Aop po aapo a ep-
eeoo oytp. B - Caa ap Taye yyae
paIlo ae Boealoa a Tayoy Maepy r eepa-
porre Maoa oaa IIyIIIT- lvIa, o axaIa eo
lloIo paeo Drapo- aTIIoT ox opao. o
III. aIIIe paBlloee )Iqy opa-
{epl aUIo- IIIIu tropaI aaJla
o ro II ea
- po i o ro, Ilpolla;l pe
Taye. O I...IoI{eI ooo eI ooII:UIIIIM yaIIe}I'
1'|23 roa B tByx ra ep- pa rtIIB Be oIIoea}I
170 yBotIAIl

N..'*
f,i ti\
$,',.,r,1

S'r
,,N, titt!ii
lSl.,tiil,r

$.ltt1ri

*,,
108 popou. ,[em tdnmpo?o 6pm <<opmu bI>\ oop
im zo - d- KoJno me. 1 1 B- 1 1 8 B zz.
 o k||^|1|1 |.7 |

rlopa. o eao y"To CyypI opa)e opr-

(.I'o orTByeT o Bo pox oTo:lJl a Ba)-
l|()ooI{I Io' I{ pBa- IIIX apy)IrIx oapI{ax
lItM o lx a- aILI
- a opallx plrIx
l)0o ooBo. IIpoMoB' I{a alIex ooll' a
(.p )oI pao Bpo- oBIx oopa yapoB. Tpt
iitar cag IeT a- IIopoI alvlll' B oopIx o pe-
r.a peo B aoe opo- yBy r ryrerrI pao_
ll oe (||67 l75 1181/88). TaT a yTopI' Ilp-
aoI{e Bo]II aT- ope ol{o a
!Io TeIII yIaJIt. aop oot opa a,eI
MoyeIITa <Tao evp", eprxoa ; e rIIr' a.
/oBepIlo po <aoBee- paBa"1 Ea oBexltoT
\lvI>>*Bpe ap ae-
v| a Tolllt{ par -
l". Cooo poBa |Iv|MvI.
)oIo opTBe}Ioo o- pyer aIvITIio ye)a xI
l}BoBa Iee a <a- XII Beo JIo yIITypo
I'oBe TxM>>. ypao yaTpa oIp C-
' BaI ollyMe- o fioo Co B poII
l'iUIIlIIr,l yTBo ae ypo (1085 - o. ll00 r.). O
poa;l, aBIIIr Ira rpBIr- )a al:t op a-
i{Ix oa. oo poa ee pyI{Ie pt o a-
OJIT ooBl{lx aooB p. eaoo a pae. B
lleBoBIx aETIIB: B IIpe .C o pea>) B) eo-
tloaJIo opar pa o ae a[,IeIII' a oTpee-
(]a aot, o opoa o r, p oea o op. -
oTopIx paoaa,'I aoTol aEo TpooIo oTae p.
itpopo. opare e Xptc -
Ho Btpal pep Ta yI{a a IIy ay. Pa-
-
tapI opa C--pr a o To oBpT' flpo
aopaopoltl B pr pa- aoIIII, yo IT yII.
MaIlo pypoaIIIlI ao- Topy a eo oIle oaIor: y
To (oIr I . II ., Xpa a yMe paoBa a a-
- ao oMIIa poIlr . aoa.
-
apeoa, ye aooo
ya). Bopo B o- Blpae pBr p
par roo a. e IIre oopa a (o.
Ir)aJIoe Mo arraa ypa l100 r.). opao oo tII pa-
oTaeMoo BToo' a o opoEa oaBlrlx e il,rapo oy)-
t pTaBeI eI ro pl pIvl apoao.
My (aap B II ee yeBo paIIIp-
)
- y a TraTa opax a p-
pa lz'llt, II ., ape-
Ha, y aaooo y- aax. B aaI aa aa-
TBa,. oo epB Caa Map P-
|12 l Bo A}i

opaMTa' paTa pp.

o (Bopa Tp ll .) -
TaTBoT of _ oBTo
a) IeT po pelx o.
oBaoro paIlo BoIIpItToo
par, oopl pat t
yBpIlT py pB' pr- )a' a)apxaa Mytpo -
aB a)ul
- loolll[tlt{ polu. a'
IIaoT a- opaBrr opTa' r I{r p.
III poaB
pa. IIo pol\4 Mao a-
rp o. !'pa rII - o o B a-
Ty.ooIIl"
a yJITypI II ea po-
;I Ca M ooa Oo'
a e p opa- I1T a-
)a paa I{aIIIII{Ir rop oopo .pIa
o oT.
}o)TI, r yrBItI oI-
o lI o peo po-
BI paalr' ooaT IraM -
MaE pllTaro a
oMo oplraa (ae-
oI{I o o
apoo yaTpa oopa
Jl:.l:

o aay
ao' o. ||45 r', My
oIlI{ttIIvt
B aBa>>
' Mr)y 1|26 |129
IIoa ao
ae; ypa Capoo o- (oop oo). Pyo
oaM
op Caaa' o 7152r.p
BIerT opar IIa}Ix
pyr.x).
opo t x 6>ailrrro opy)-
Bprrro poao a -
I{ B MoItT epa aoBaIlIx
nu""".'- "op aB|' oop paoT oopy oo. Mar.
Cao--ooa. o t
pI oTaBIo or eo o-
oa 1168-1188 o/la aTpo
lIB)}tIM oapa oM
ao. ao yBo po p-
oarT BIoM opaB-
ylio JIaT' BeTl y
IM aTa.
t ooIro1- yyI
Cp or.oelilx xpaB-
opTaJIoB --paa. <op
1lI aTI{oB poaltoo llr-
JIaI>' B}tylllo IIpo.
T roaBlx a IIa-
oe oopy)e, oao ypaIe
pBa BIrt op
yJIIITpo. apT IraTTa
oETpaToB: Il oop p (po r--
paax Il .) pa(lrIvl I{e
OoIIIII yrp)Ba}oT opolv1I
TopI{' paoo)Ix oI{T.
TI\4IIa' I1ol ypI o-
p pya.
TByIoT yI paTTrItIM
llyCTBo p I o oo}I(e
.Po>> ep Tao ,IJI.
l llPA ABTP
opa pM prToo' pa-
IBla IIa o oI' Ipaa
yax pooBIo po. B TaJI-
Ilx oxoax oo papa-
Ba I' o oItT-
x p3a oTotlo apya-
epa I{peI.
I{eporI I oaa
pa MoyBII -
Ix r, ooap-
TBrIia Tpa Taa
BoMo)o. B lI a a-
Jl po }l lltloo,po-
lvlllp a oTIlI oap.
TBa' <<opoeTBa aropo4l.
o o Teo ypaB o-
aTa.
o BT. oTopI p
p,a B paBII ayo
(1|8_1254), poxoI4 p l_
ol\,t ooo apyael{o pao-
B ByTpoT BIII-
x . o p oo a oaea-
a Ba. rpax olrapxoB' oa
opy)aa Br o ttIIIi\{
oprOoNl.
B ope op aBa po-
xoa apaa aoo oy.
apBa - o opo oo II
Ba il,Ip TaJIa oBaT
<<CIo>>.
apeo T oe oy-
I aoB poeI ry.
pa|4 pBoBo Ire
yTypI. B o oao ooyro
yaIo B tyxo )tI e-
p' Ilopoo opy}o,o-
TIIo aIIo paB_
T' oIT r pTBop.
a yT oa yTollroo
raIroo pa.
|"74 vcBo Pt{ vI AB:;LI

109 oop m Mpu d m

me. 1030 _ o XIII ,
IIIep

B orreo poopev o. oea opa, poIIaBIIIa

rello tyxoI{ ; p- opIo ep I II oe-
atl larotaTylo oBy aIe x' opaa o Mllox epax
oBIIeI ypa3 aII- yBa' o, o,a, aoe
opy. o oaoo po aJIa o e IIa yJloo
eeE ,lo ooa Mep )oeJIB. B epax 3l\{.
eopaTe e. He yao x paeIl o)a ry ep-
BaIIII.yr opa3I aJI BaM' BoBeteIlvt peoppo-
}lyBo opoI{o epaTopa aIx ll{oaIpx' epo oo-
opotll{o ar a- pIx ao I e ruaoe aa-
ype. Ba op,ryI o pay' 3I{aeI <<.
o3o BoBI I{a eIiI- p> oopa eep,
lvl opaa}r' opa p Mar Bope. Heee ro-
taJlo yo' oe opeo- II papopa y1po-
oeIIoIo IIa eoeeo opa. ar apxave apxeypt
e epea eoy yBy . Pyr ayer Trop.
oIIpeeIrIIIe y[4ae a- ([P' |||2 t.
eBa' IIoo ey BIpa I{o-
- peT rBep
II .) oe o xpay
BIe petaBIIeIJ.vI o peIIaIIar- arg. aoe o Be. a-
II oa' oopIe po)aJl B Bap' Ap, Ii{l> Cao
yJlyp XII o. oo IIptp,aJI pox Io-
 TBo PAt{ BP |75

I la o6op m mp. lpp. . l 1 81-]231 zz. Bop

176 yo PAI{ AP

aIplrx paBJI. Ho Cao loa oopa IIo a .

xpaya apypa oIIy. pxa IY (o. 1080 o. 1106 .). B
-
a MeI paM. o Bpelu oop, ooo oxpa,{-
Aey lre}lx IoB lut tepeIlIr opy B
poltBooa IIIIo IIrp- paJIIlo e, I IIoIloTIo
o apxepr' Coop ep eppI peToBI KaIIIII
IvIeT rIIyIo ayaylo - oa IIo BaIIo e. C
opIo. Heer ocTac III B o ero Ia o,Ia BIoa
oI{o a orupo (a I{paJIIIoo ea eIIIe oopI
133 ) peoopao a yJIeI pexeBrpItI ooIla-
oro po, aaIII IIp- oplt{ aIIe. o-
Bopo ar BootII o- IloBpeIIIlo epBoIIaaJIoe IIpo-
poM' ae apoar ar- yooe aBepIIIr xopa ro a-
II. ,[ op apxeKypI reo oypyo ao. Bo-
aoee aTIIo la pe- Betee ptoBrx o T BpeIIa
 TBo PMAI{ k A,PI4I |7.7

l I1 [tpo .||1ol1,mIp'1 pu.

l093-o. 1220 z.

1 1 2 I |po po m Mpmu. o-
e ] I 50 z. 'epdu XIII . K

Boax o}|py a a- II ooB (opo o apoe

eI{o IIoatIo BIBIlyo Me- poxo,el{ IIIepx po-
paop oop rra epBor Mo Ix BooB IIBaeT opI). o-
pe, o3Io ro Il apxao re BepoIlo zUIIIoe po-
payx xpaoB. Coepva xo)II apxeyplroo eopa
Il o aaa oa oo poo paa: oBIx a.
Tp epo lo, o ee e- epe oao opaeao
paJIIII r ppIa Irtp- per a opa}.{ex oo Tpa-
Bo]I. ea. o B Iloil{ oop apaI
B poee poo oo- lt oepBal }Io TeIII'
pa B l{aae II a pII}Ia a poIrIe IIoooIl oJly}r-
-
acTe oapr acTepa' ZINI tp aIrI.
oIloo | l|kl, floaya' oxpaa oapr IIoIIopao aa
opll. Boorro, To oaptI BoTaIIaBa pepaa
p}Ie ep Texy Boee- oop a. oooe po-
[78 yo PAtl vl
eo IIIIIe yeyloeo 3ta-
I{ paepyo B II III ax
(o oop |239 r') eo
Ba aa. ove oxpalI
ae yoporo opaIo
xpaa' II ee oIIa BopIlIIa.
a aI( oootta }toa-
Ipo po pa. B o.
pao aao BIlo oprr-
BoBaJI JIIIr a Pee ap-
xlreypI eop 3 III{I !r apJI-
oIx aep. oe poa o6pa-
oa ooIto a aII -
Ita aaJI III a rrIulo
oo eopae aaIloo
paea aIl a peope-
e.
oIl pyex pEx
opo t Bop. aepe-
r o ItoJIIioIo a pye:e
^B.IP|II
]13 \L'lo Bpmpz Tlopuzuu. ,Qo-
pe' 1I80-1200 zz.' pu m:)lt -
do 1250 z.
XIII eo (||8|-|234)' o oa-
aoIII IIoIr{ apx.
Teyplloo oa. ae
yopo opI{IIaIo. Bo-
oIIa a paro aBeplua-
a oo eEo, apo' a-
aI xop tlJlo IyaeT IIe-
pe. pyIe oEa-poI' IIeBIp.
III oI oBop o a 'po!r-
T9IINII oopa Bope paly-
o o. oao IvrI II
apylll oIloIIIx llpIrIro po.
}rao apxeypl' BIy
ItI a IIoa yo}(IlIIIta eaJI
eopa.
ooo il,reo B eo ap.
ype allae oB aaa
Map-ax (1093_1200). Oa pa-
BeBo tIEUIa ay aoe
II JIaI4eoo a|Lt| epMao
 o PA A'cPvIl |79

poa. o Ipa epoB _ TTypa a pea Ta(e

a, oaaer T epauvl, e' o o Mepe paLITI| poB-
ta ooBaa e eoa-
-o. o )oBa e a
Ha.re aTp'| <Ilapaa> po pr. TpaopaI{ y.
- ooI{y
(o. |22o .) ovepyo a BIx pBea II o
opel{aI xpaa' o aao oy' o pB IaB
Topol p aTpl{eilr rpoB 3a- oeo oop xop. x
Bep[IarT opI xoo. Te a- aIoaJI B pooIIIIe pa' o-
I ap- a r opaa opy)e pll te Tep
Boro oI{olII pIiIII IIe{e-
oo paoBoo 3orTa poa-
I{IIIa
- po po
C apIl e e Boe.
o ox. Hapyr o a. opl pao apeypI o.
I{ oIIeeeT y)eBa pa- aoIlo oo ep)I(a epa-
oa I a Ipa. I|I1I. Cop Jlype.a-a
TIIIX oepoBaIx o. (|2|-|235) o eIo altl lt
eo' opITlx yI opo. or apxl{ypt eopo
Bpe poparrTBo llo- ooe ope oopT o oo-
tIoIo eplo peor Bo- pao <poalvl ape>'
a. o peT o' xo I
aI a B B po- pea B o a yxaru-
Mal{oe oo ep II-III t aa, pyy poy a xo.
oB e. Boa aoo ,olt4 oo oxo.
poTTa B opor aiula Bo oxa poa pa o-
BTopo oIle II ea. a. a poo pa a.
.Iloe papopae oy
rIx ex a op-
.
epB 1pxreoBllt{ a- aotx ypeIl. Hep-
BpIeEe xopa. ool a eo pIrae(IroI epa-
t ooxe oI{Oy p po opx ae I ..aa>
Ca Map (o l150 . p. -
p oe opooo a.
-
a III .), poI yo apaIe aJII l{ailI oBoll B
BoIIaIoe a Po, y- ail,Iax pyIx oao. o o.
IIIeIIoo paa Ca Aoe po ep I a oxo }l.
(1020*1030 o eBpT op aa oap. o o-
II . o. l230 .)a2. Oea po I epott opoex Ba-
-
epa poax pB a, er ll peIroB.UI a po o-
oTpoeIIIx o aay opox I oyapa. 3a oaao
oB' - x o, o )- oaoIlo BoIlo peappoBa-
paor apaep. oy a- r I oI{' o poa
o e ooyr t opo oxpall I{l III
pooBao-)I ae' oo- eaea a.
poo Boeer eI, a a}(e B yvr opao oIIIe o-
ot apxypI eop p Bapyp' ar JIaI{rpaoB
o(Ie I yoB. Apx. Ttpx. eea olo oo-
l80 yo PAII v| ABLI

aIII{e . 1067 oy. B xII_

aa
III ea poaaJIIIIe epe-
Ie opo r aeer
aeI43. ope poJI a
aa. B ree llepoo poe-
IIoo epota (1190-.1230) o
epIe ia aa, ooo 1240 oa
a)oJI )e' B oTopo pa-
MJI ouro apar a.
Bapyp ope oeae
IIIIo apao pee}Ill
I{yIIJIo) Kpo. o
er o opeee orp-
114 Bopeue doepu rlup; -
aJI at e' popeaa eo- e poomo uort. P o n u ped z o
u
I apoIlI poea. By- epu m opz. Koe X .
pelrr o}Ie eppaa opee ocmpoe Pfr
Bo4e lleoIlopao.
115 Xpucmo pedu ume; do
Hre r paIloo}(It JIoB Kep. P ocnu ndo?o oP
oaI yyplrI eop a- epu eedumuKo?o J|Iomblp
ee aro BeIlo peaBeIIIr "l,. . l089 l
 1.o '1\{A !]C,I.}' 18 l

',trii,l**,
l82 yo P1\{A AP

116 Pnmu. po. Tpm em-

epm XI . ,[m. cce, epo
mdzep Bpd,

o aeIlo epe pIao )I(IIIloo ya, eax ep,reo

yypI epa. pyy I{eeJI, p e
MoyaII.UI lBo pa- "I'aTwI e polao
oIIIo a <(CeIro P}I. yr: al oxpa:l oe-
o p>' IlIIoaIII !tI{ IIo; ) oJIoI
opeeIx epa, Ap - opI{ra'
eIIa I,l oya,l' a oJloo
efu1ap, IIepeq{JIa poIaII aIII{IIo pa' pIIaI
epo aIlI paB. oepy eII yaello B
opoa poallo aTeo po'aIIBe.
po paIr o pe Baxr a{ lvtoIIyeIIaJI-
ep Ca op opee a o )KBoI,r Bopo oor I
opor Pexeay. o opr o. ea a eppopI{ }repIl oxpa-
py aIta e yI'x' oII IIo- II eeoll{ oaIpe
IIeIIo BIIeTc oae o aax (o. 1089 .' Bpx A-
IIII taTpeTc, o e - p). ooro o a er
Il{oT' oete epr - IIay JIIII 60-e oI IIaIIIeo Bea
a. ooBy poI{ oepe o- I BeT oo pe pe xopo.
aBJI opa(ell vy pa. o oxpaI{ule poII. pe.
Xyorr oeoalle aeI{I ,BoII a,rax
oIIeIrI paIaxo' ' ypl paJIIIIIl{' IloJIo
oaa eBeIIo 3opa- yIIeI pooplryI a-

1l7 Mdo nl|con d. Mercd
1051 u 1076 zz. !pe'I oo
mmu Il3 umoo?o lom. .
dep 6 op , E np u L ef,
Ir[Ipy) II' yIIa,I
ooaIra aoepa. opIr-
aJIa popaIa po ee pe-
Io)i(eaIl IlTopklk[ 'ex o-
xo paepyI ooalle
o ap poe. peoxoo BIIaII-
IIIe apxdel(ypoe opa{ell
,BoI{III oMo It- ,(oIII{ aae payp a
)oo yopoelroIo. o-
op oa rp)r(aoT' o-
IIotByIo oyIe' eIIIe' pa-
I{Ie oxpI oa' a oII oo-
pIx etlo IIap,rIIo y-
eJloe. II oe o3IIaI{oa-
IIo oal{lI eoo pa IIa-
elx Mol{yllreaJlI{rx poe.
epo Tpe oe oIlo
pe p Ca ep ytl fla-
JI lllrepee IIa opoBe Pxe.
a Q|2|3o) pepeaI,lo
poo yopoello poIlIo a.
Ko PN,tAIl AT 183
rrI )o IlopaIro
ep oa apa o
a eee aoepa
(1120-1130).
Peapaote paoI' tBIe-
o eIpe eTeT' o-
BoJI eplryT )l(Illl ary
9.,[apoa IIaIIa I.
IBae opI (o IX o II .), o
ooe oop oy oe o-
Ireo oa peo. o ypooe,
oyellaIloe' eKoo a.
oe yBo, t oIlpy-
Io oeIII yxoo IlI
IlpeaeIe ypI op
paIIIe oxpIe oa' oee.
I{Ie oyI oe(a oa.
Boolo, .ro payope pao.
}'aepa' aoIe poe.
erMtt aJIy o IoI.
 184 yBo EPA uI
^B.|PLI|

l] B Ponu no pu m M Xtldefi.+le.,,peo, mj4nep. IIp

empm XIII .
 o PMAII vl' Bc.PkI 185

119 dzpou Pdo llldcozo.

po. o ] 0B0 z. ,m' Mepe-
pz, o6op

B Ap, oopa aJIa ao- oI{yeI{aJIIto po' y-

oTJII{ epoTolt,I 1156 o. ypo' BepIlI lITBo xy-
a, xII oJIeT peI{aBerro polvl o,eTeIIIM peroM. Hao-
a)IlIx IIaTIIoB oI{yeaJI- ryro o aIpI oapy-
IIo )BoII. ayp I py- (BaIo aIlIII|l pocIIcN[I,
eIII epo}r yBa B 9o IIo oaal oeItIlvr -
paoe. Po ep oIIaI- o.
p olrlr (rpea II .) t- apaepI aoB ppa -
ro lIIao-poo a- r oIIIpIII opaTeIII
.ror pI{x oypoB' a' oopIIvI IIaoII
ooprIlt4 yxoIII ap(e- lvIooToIvII{I , opaJl-
IIeM. py oIIeI{,I' po "paa
Hea aIopa B po I- eBlIIlIIIx>> Iolleeoo
oo poa}I lte pJIa o BI- o BorMy oxaTy <Caa aa-
are po' oopa IIpIIaJIe- a6aTI eppaI o a-
lsiu>
)KaJIa e B oolloBKylo- oxy. ep, oaoo B oee e-
rra )BoII' aI{ IIoBIoy B ep lI ea oaxIl a.
poe, BIyaa IIa paBIx pa- oo oarp. oty II a
ax py a yB - aa IoppoBa Bee
186 O PA BC.IP

IIpoBe
- poa o Tpa I{po *yaoo' pa-
o, "apa" Bopaa aJI , e p B p-
o taxa, op Baal{x a Ca epeo (o. l240150 .)
ee *pa ypaa>. Ca yp (o. |270 r') Ita-
Tpaaoe oeT oeeo B Il roTppyl epxo o ll,ly-
,lro,o o)IlI o. 1Io op Iao
a a yx Irexoa y- yToeIIoT roro oe-
y o. pay Ilo[Ie. oo oa.
a I BopTr pay. B oyal aeI pe
oe XII a yo o- e a opyto To
Bax opao, oTo. Iro yypI poIloo
poe oo oo aoe B 20-e pe. o eop ivlIla p-
30-e oI ryo oeT.'1 Ca aaeo e o-
oy ao T oo- xoT er y, paBTo
TBoa po poy poBer. Typoo llopaa' To lroy-
pvx xyo)I(IroB or pI o pa' oo oy
TBrpoo pTooo oxoa. papoTpae epa
Haoro oopa rra III Irrpooo Ta. Coo-
(Bo III ea paI to pa pae
- pe - Io)eTo aT' BoItiUI
aIopa
- oa aax
<<yaoo>>, <<aooparro. te p opao' op-
o>' T. TI a rBopr eolle.
apa .yaoo>> opa . opaar peI
oao epIIpoBaII- ypaIa opae oo' B p.
oTIo aTro at, pa- y oepe aJITapo a,
oe)y eo' aa oJlI. Co paTlvl l\4oy-
a}(o r oe )ro. Tp IliIa aa epa
op }t oyp aoto{ ao Ter Ia oa o.
eo pyllo' I{o Tro ll oee. B oTopI{I ol{aa BopeBoM
olryil{Ilro lo IIrpBI epoatlx po' o
pa oBoo TaJI aMeT. oyTI B aIlax .
I{I ooo 1210 oa, a pyere 30- ypa' Bopo po
40-x oo o ByaT B opy pa- oopa.
eTa oIloIo eplBarT Haoee aTeIlr aoea
e ga opor IV oe. eo IIa I
- aaa III
pa o3a oyaoou . ea l ,IIaI oa o-
oo eop ooa e pa)el oo yypl. o
Ca xa exe (p- Bet oooBo
Ba rep XIII .). B o po- Tay at IIa poe' pa.
Bre opotl po IIpIra- ' oTopIr oea IIa, aTa-
r) oopeo o B- pr B poe pyao ap,
o I1|I||I' popaye B- aIIIlI poote llapo,
ayro oooBy. at yTI tI| e ' B-

120 Hdzpoue puenucon pudpu
o Bemmu, po' oce 1 152
,'em' zdpz, oop
. Coaa yypgIe
ypaIeII alIape _ aeell'
yIIopIr I aaaIII
ypI a I4JI pyoo ,-
BoIloo' ypaIIIIlIlI peJla
aJIIlI' p3IIIe JI aIIIIIe
oKIIatI II' poIIoBIe aeEIII
yIIIt' peJlapIt. ooI pae
oTaJI pJIeI' ypaIarr
eaIloe ooy,ell xpa *
<.po ooe>.
epeo pa Il}Ieo a-
II TaJI oy o opo ooB}I-
xI
Ire a. pero )I(IIII-
yro aIoaTrro IIpIIIe-
TByloero Bpe4e e tep-
aIIa poro peaBeJI-
Ilo: oeJlpoBa opI aa
oee ooeo' oa oo-
I{ oIUIa ep. Tp
aIIa ooa o epe-
o PAII ATPII |8.7
z.
o: <Maoa I{oa aa>
(exty 1051 107 .' atpop'
apaI ye), epeIIIrIe
prI epe pBI{ Ca Ma-
pII iiNI Kao e (o
105 .) poooe <<Par>
p Ca tp B paoe e-
a _ Bpe (pe ep I .).
opa apopo Maorr
opa)l(ae oIIIIeo aI,I-
IIoIo' poo praeJIIIo-
Io rroBxo ypI.,{pyoe
oo IIro poMaI{II
olto paae Te-
a _ IIo-IIooy ayaJlo B p-
o .<Pa'', otllo IIa.
or yx(eIII{Ix )aIt.
poI{I{oeIII{Ix o aII pee-
oo yIIypI. opo e-
e rp l{opaa JIa oe-
a aJI ao tt,to oa,.
188 TBo PAI{ BC.|P|II

12I popou o u u. P zp-

dL lp . r'eopzu. . 120 z.
pz, o6op

. HapB' pot II ,II' Ire IIBaItoT' a ee

oeT' ota
xyo)(eBIIIII ylo orBr. po ole
o pop oury o- t oa B oooB e
IIo' xapaTpllIl{ Io leae a' a otl r, o a' a-
oepIry aII )Ky N{y aJI)KIo r ooBe.
IolI oo, arllTllpoa TB oepTI eTo.
BpxeoBey rlppoty Xpa Hapoa a Pyoa a.
(epro <<Pae>r aepa oo Mepypo oop
epapa oop payIee, (o 108Cl ., [P) o:a ra
o. l10 .). epBy oep yTBp opoe-
Oaar o apye oe ooBo llryaBoo o.
apIee oxpaBIIIx ee- rplla epa IV. Cp p-
x apo. r a!eIIIe )aa pyax paIloo Il
-
pooBIe - oeaJl aIITop' yKpaIeor ooo
pB a reTo ope
BI- oee paorIrIe aII B o-
lIIx y)I(Tee ya, oo' oBIIo yope (o y)aeIII I{Ir'
oaopoB' IiaIx ao. B a py a) pa
poBopIr peIrx BoB ro- xapaTrp opaa oryro
BopIlwlac III B o oTlto- po' lllI|o tyir-
IeI{ aoroo e. I{e IloT aoopaoe o IIIpoo
e IIo, a e ooIlylo pIIa. papII aaM.
 Bo PAI{ l]TP l89

B II LropiUIIlyI a- opo xapap opaa,

y PoI{ ItoBI Be|\I. B po- pr' ooT Tya-
oo,r po apoa . Hao po ooa
ppxa o Ba (o To apaBel{ oI{e tT-
|152 r., P' Mayp, oop) o- II Ba a opor oT o-
epIro I{r Too aoBllo oo- aJlo ao lI o
TBo BaTIloo )T IIe BIpaeJIo aTIt'
Ta' o lrpoIta Bo a ypI opx aoo
a xapaTpa. Tpo, oao' popoo Ira oa opoo
op o opTpI{o xoTB' opa opa ap (o. 1230 .)"
o apo t trao Bo_ Poaa eoaBo oo.
p IIo rpT apxeoa. oa oTpI
opp a po B poa- peao. fipe MoTB ya
oM yB - oy lo apa apa IIprBpaT B y-
oTaoIll )I poBo. xooe oopo'oBrIIoe o
prx peoIo. poo_ ptIloo I{aaJIa pa.,{-
o opare ppxa apa- TB ollpeee B)(Ir ' 4-
poI (y l l55-l171 ., a- t\,IKy ' tlI )I yp'
p, Bopoa po) Io opeaTIx p' xapap_
ao p )I{ IlepaTopa ' IlI o opTpIroT ooBa.
a yTBep)ato oIl' < a- Cope orI yoBlro o-
TypI>. H ro Ta)r' To oo p' aaa )a)l III'
eo popaI apaKp: p- olr poTo op yra.
B a oor apapoI o)a a yp oaal{a o I.
la epT o a pra Bopa py Meo yl|y-
aT p ap. apaep- p oTeea apylo
I{o p Tol\,I' .o oBplv'IIlI tl rpa. a oIII e-
Bop oT <opTpT> pa- poe peoa TopeBo
Topa o opTplto arT' o. yo)o aao loI -
.oa ra pepaea aaa B a- aT IIa' aI
Hy' 3aTM B pap. y aeeI paIo a
oo oa <<opTpT>> I o- pyre II III oe. C -
a poI IlpoTI{o apa- yTo Maaa aoe o l
poI <<oyopoe> pxo Ba . 3e porTao
o. pe o BooM pa- Iorpo o' B To o-
yre o oBJIe BoBy oBIl e oooI{oo
poylo ypy Ba a eJIa ppa pot. yor
(1166) ya )oo - rra opflIlI t{ eM-
- B ao x tlpoB poTa pylo
oBra aIl eo Bo.
B opo oo II ea y pyro Ma}rp. 6r
pa o yIlTypI Ta- oaToT oo. Ha-
o oe ort. C oo r e oaBo y-
opollt, BIo TpJre Bo IIpoaBJIeoo oapItoo
190 Bo Pt{ | 'T|

xyto)a Hoa Bepeoo. xaprrrax aooo. o.

oo peo ooe oaII . oaII oaeo poy-
oBeeo ypt, IIoTpoIloe a a Bo BaIlI{pyI
aTeo aooolll yTpIl,te}raBopo ll,loyMel{Ta-
ea oeH't. MI oa eo B Ix pyII ..Pa'' ap-
py <ao>, oelx ra Beype ([P). yo-
BeI poolo yro roer patallr llpo-
ToTo. apra 9o p IlyTa ypa yBoo TepII-
<<Aa aoa> (|200-|20. e pa oaTIp Ca o-
, -yy). o.lr p Hayype ([P, o. 1220 .,
oo[{ eoBeoT' o yae p.ll, oyapI y),
yrBy oy. Ma a- y)I( peBeaa yypy Ira-
a ' Teyx ao poo. eoo ayypoo eltepa.
(aeT Hoa Bpo. B pp o t oal
B y oxy yo Cao prr epa yyplrI
pao ee ITlBao . opT:UlI o p (,(P, o.
oe Bo3 BaTx o- 1230 .) <<e op>
pao. oopa pe- ap (o. 1230 .). Cyopr
o a opa opa payIrpr aepa e apxaI B oa.
aeprae ([' o. 1200 .) Ia yp opaa. pe-
I oaI p pa- e arpa' aflpo' oa-
a .UIlx op. Ho B M yxoIro Ipaoe poBee
BoBIIIIeIx opaoB oee o Breo popaMlvro, B
oyo BpIIa ap)ea' o peeoo Ilopza po-
paaTa p . Te, o- ae BaT epI I"1.
pr pa oyI B ax tl4a pa o.
TBo ]IPAI{OB B II e ooo o B paBTk|t
pooo ya aJIa o-
aT ot aaa, re o p-
pop , Hepao
allo Cpo pa (oa-
p). eopavoe oo)r-
e TpaI I{a per Ba)Ix
plll yxoyIlIx opo Bpo-
aaa poI opeeo r -
TBI{I oTaTI pae,
epa, Ae, poIe
BI popa o a'
paa aBllo yaoaa B rpo.
o yo)Bo o
o Bp{e apoo. yoa
apxrypa B o aaa Ia
oepaTBa B ollpy' o-
I oy apopaell o
opo oo II a. o
poBIe o aaoe y-
Bo ao B epo a
' a a(r B aTlop. p-
BT tloB| pM o-
- " Cao"
oB (1097.
oo, pa ye). Coa-
T oo Byxooo ayp-
a opa aII aT-
IlI pl\,IIIeII IIpoBee-
lt ooox B3ax
xyo)oB.
oopo tloBlM opl
pa e Bo oapyr
B aiUI II ea paoa I4TeiI-
oB' aoyIlo aepoB.
Popaopo aao a
a Pe e . {pao po-
Be Pe
- pooa y
rpB Ce ap r
(l l07-l l l8). Pet e<o y-
opa)aJl pallI IlI
peII. B x o-ooy t
opypoaI tlpotvII epo-
eo IIaT: Pe y-
|92 co JIA,oB

r opall I,I B Bor po- Brreo Bea yBo Me:r(ty

eelrl4 poaoe peJle aao Po oTo B ope-
eIIoT ooeo oea e oapoo apa Ho-
atro pa eeTBeIIIloo a Bepeoo (o. 1130 .
-o
BIDe eJIa ooo alo- 1205 .). xyora yIIoIIar-
e eo papoB. o P- a(I: a oeEIIoIl,l B ex.
e e xapaplly IIa- e MiI oae aBoIIa (oe
a IIaoI{lIo oa, o- ppaeo B aJlapl px)
IrpI,re )e,l yypo opype (Al, 1181)
aI IIyTp B llpoTBooo)l(- a ..Peap fier ap> o-
o paroy eIlIo o- ope Typ (e, 1205). C-
Bepxo y ro IIpeIIITeIIIIo. T aa3 oo oa-
Pet Pe e apyIalo o- oI{Il oIIoBaIIe Ba I!{-
(BItIyIo ooparo' I{o B pa- Hoa Bepeoo *Pea.
oy yp yIlop BIlo o p Tpx BoxBoB> o o-
oppBI. O poo tloy op (ry 1181 1230 r.).
IIe oJIo poJIIII oo}I(,I' Aapte pa peap XII
)exeBepItI oBopoI' IIo IIo- a e opy poBlroo a-
aIBae epoa) o IlI. |||., la oBepxo paaJl
 Bo Il]IPAt{o |93

l22 Pe d u. Kne o eJ|tu p-

eu. po. 1107*1118 zz. t,
po e epmu

],23 Huo',l Bpdeuti. popo o.

P e << P eupu Tpe oo>>.
oooeoe cepe6po. d 1,l 8 1
u 1230 zz. flem. K, oop

peI eiIoI{I opa,e- IIIeB Hoa oa oae

e,t e )t(I{ TIx' pao- peoo(elle.
IlataJrut IIo epepy ypI a- Cr ooI{' oopoe yIIJIo
oIlIlI' eBaeJIoB' Ilpopoo. Ira Bpoy apey ooo 1200
opyre Hoa. Bepeoo oa, Hoa Bept| .aoee
Tao a pyee II III or oleppoallllo BIpa IUIa-
e oIoo' oopoNl cfa- I{pyloe _ poa)Balo-
Ba,(IIIe ype,I eBpo- e a IlN||| pooylalre-
eoo xyo,eIllloo Bop- e
- ypr,rII,I yypt II
Ba BIooo peIleeo. y a' oopI BoIIo.UI eo oe-
oapIloo apa eIIo o oe opoIII Pea,
- To (e- BIoa olT yopoB paIr
e o aIIItIlIvIo Ir paI{o-
aII IopypI(oo JI- payo o. e o-
ap Ivroo ae yp po- oaeJl eoo oapa
poo Iia }to pBaplrlr (- paoaJl e; TJI eo y-
IIoJIIII 1181-1191 r.)' oopIe a paBaJI xyo)I(!I Tppa; a
IIeJI peaB e poo aae y IIaroBa yro 'a.
oIITaa aIIo yypo. o ypeJIrIIM Ho-
oao MI Q ao y- a Bepeoo oapy,Ia
|94 co ,PAoB

JIaTa oopoB a, Cae, o I o. .[aa

app, ape, rpaT Topeoo paBT' paIIIpB-
o paoa parl yypa I|4 B oxy pToBIx oxooB
Pe (aa pya <Bp- pyoo' paaea oIrT-
ua ap aern). o poxoBlllx po o.
yo Hoa Bpoo oTx epe-
eeI{IIx
ToT I{a I tByx o. o ya- ' pa poe oo
eoa o poa )B. orBa yo olI t
I{yI y ll,Ioltyayro a- Ty o ypaoB-
TeoT opaa, ooaT eo B. IlII{o) opaoB, poTBooa-
ao o{yxoBoptltloI 1 BT IIor oa' oop .
opTI oT aIlTopI ac|- xoo r oa Il,I}o-
oBpIiII{TBo epa o op . oopI o-
oT o or}ry IIxoBI Bar Bo pyoBopo oBa.
opa o or. Tp t, a )e}I'
a a38 ooo - aoT' a po TaJI aBI B
yTBa' pTalrlra Bop. pooyIr ox. a-
TBoIvl Ha Bpoo, - Ba o papIT yTo -
oTp a BIo r I{ao' T.
CTBo pe eoaoo pa.I|T |I

TPA}I TPAO al{oBIl pa oyapeI{-

BPo poI IloT a 3ex opIx o-
oa' or Bep aJl.
I- ax. B I e o)I(-
a Boopaa p,aBa'
orua 1lI, oaBr'
oBar a. Mao
or (a ), TrppTo-
p 2I( fiyae [pao. Bo
opo o I a t ao-
)I otloBt oppoa o.
oo oypTa elrTpo e-
o. Mro I (96o-992) <e
oa oopoBaBIIIee
o yapBeII oe.
Caoee oyapItI{oT B
o a poI pox o
ooo ypo BIlIIlx BTop-
r, ooo eIlI B.
Bopo ooBIIe I a. pre
e Booa poy oeIi
epI anlzl oa apIx y.
aapx o, 906
oy papoll4 Boopay
rp)aBy paccec ao
pae )y To [ya.
o l a pe x a
BepoB B aaI va pot
oaaT' a aaa I ra
ppaT. C oo BpeeII I{a-
a po oel]aTeIloo
qaBIIT'I Bp DTBa
o yTypI.
ro It)TB' oTopo IIoe
a Boopo pa|
oopo B aoToTrItoe o-
yapBo' 1029 oy pol{
oparo. Coa l a
axoa o BaTIo po. B
pa apeyp x poa-
alo I poTol. Oa t-
oJIa po aoo oo
196 yBo TPAII IITPIIo EBPt{o BPoIII

I24 Pomod c. pmu. . 1100 z.

pz

xpaa. oIt aIIIoB JIo eper' oote pe-

peaIrI poolla . ela pITI pe oIIt4 Boa.
Capo e (X .), po B xII Be apxeypa rx
. pea pa (o. 1100 .), a. Mopa oa aTeIIoo
IIea . aeprr oo (o otea. Ha opoe oe o-
1037 .). XapapIl IIaIIKo B'lIIac opa poB . Ba, a
ta pooa B. Ba pao 9oT pa aa y xopa,l'
pae (933_935). oa ea opI pa allea' eopo
lrpIo' eTIpe aIII IIo opo- oapoo a. paee
a}I llooe eppI. Beo- o opao aao poax
MopaBy patIo poto, epBe x Mopa o
xpaI pooIlI aIIo' oo. a oxpaBlll o rx e
pI ooa oIo ao- o)o fioa (oe II .)
o apxepI (p peo- aly (o III .). o ox
ar,I oop). flpera Tpexe- otlle poa oIII a}I
a poMaIIa alla ex o apxeypI
- - aeIe
epoB c' put pao oa B pae (arao III .) a-
pae. oe ||42 roa oa Ia IrpoBo aBIloo T|ffIai o-
paIIIpIIa' otBepa peo- Tpoa }IeT eII' )Ie o}Ie-
TpyII Ir popa oper II aoBIe. rppI B x
. I.{pat e r )o. toMax BoaI. B pae epo
 Bo TP IITPAJII{o Bo BPoI |97

125 o o-u. Muumlop <<Bllzpdozo ode>>' 1085 z. pz. odpm-

e uomerc P
 l98 TPAI{ Po BPo BPoIII

12 K orl II. ,\m ponucu

nJ,lt . Kmeprcut ott,ll.
1134 z.

127 1mnumo . Boti. P.

dpe oop eo. po.
1170-1 IB0 zz.

l150 o 1250 o opeeJl Po oo apapyeT

oI{BtII rpTI oea par- yTo II ea. orra ra .
oo paa. oIlEa eIplvl aepa. a.
peae o eIIIo opa- oo,eIe B oo pr)o
o )Bo poallo ox pe oo rrapty xpoo-
Moy a a aoee ae- e olvI Ioalo eeao-
I aTIIa alpI <Br- Io poa IperoB. Aopt
-
Illrpaoo oea> (1085) eao xo oe po-
po aeI . aeprt pae oIIeII BIao
oo (l134). <Blpa o- pI{eBeoBoo opa oI
e> (oyapBIla oa paroo aooIlo o-
pa) y) opoaoI aa oopa aroo o-
ae. Ha oeo py- pa3a.
/IBa rI pr xyora. x epl a,[it MortytvtaJIo
Bope oTae poo o- aello axrypI ore
eaoTIo' p)I(aEIIo) o- oi rra pyr I o.
pa' ,(e Btel{o y. Pooa [I Map a BaBo
I!Iy' oeTBoBar EyIIITeIlo xo}Ie paoe (opa IIooBI{a
reIII{o. X .) a o opa pyoy
 TBo TPAII III{TPAH} 1 BEPo BPoI |99

pay . Ba pae. T poo- oa r aepIel{ yxareI

oo apxey-
I yep)uul B aa oopa oa, 1064 roy
pe ore oIo oxy' BIIo oB eeTpoel xpaDl
o III IV eo. Ha aao o, 108-1096 ota talrpye-
9a ooo oeBa poolra )oeTo epB . A
Ioaa B o BopoIx paoe. pao a. oe
opoe (opy-' , 1034 oy. o
p,aI o
rer). aoeIro pIIa- or o aeoBao TpoTeJI-
.e ataIIIe a. B o- Bo epBoro oopa . epoa a
a r oTpor peI Ba, oopt oaa eo-
oop paBo aIao aTIo; ooo 1118 oa I aee
ao r ep oop oBI a. oo o Ba xopa
o, o oTopoo l{oIII oa II eIpe ar. o opoo xpaa
Moaoo paN,Ioo oa (o. oxpaa 3aaI{a pTa .
1000 .). Haoee IIeBIIo ep-
oBIIoe TpoTrBo paBeplryo
orrapa
- pexeoe opy,e-
IJvIe, pepIoe BIIyIeJIIllll,I
o opo IIooBtI I a. oy poBIIvI Boa. apoa
BpMIl oIloT pa}I oeI pypa poIvtIIx oTpoe B
o Bpoae. B 1040-1058 or oBop o IIIpoe yyp-
200 yBo TPII To BPI{o BPotII

12B oo dumuoo .|1oI7-

miry . 122()_1256 zz.

r e, oopIr ope pexeIe a Ilao B

oaa Beo opa' aTIIoo pa rolvl
ae ao oBo' aIIr' pepIT,I TaJI IIo-
po apxypo. Hapy o IIoIo oaI. ep
EaeJIIlI IIo papa xpaa- peToBIe oI IrepBlopa
yBoa oIII ollo- (p Booe, Cyroe' -
Ie !r ByoIIIr oeI' ,IoBe), ooaBaJla oa t
Moalp pxo.e, a. paB o.
Bo- fiopaa aeIla pea -

- pyo,IIaapao
pao 3aaIlo opolre TIta B o aax I
-
oo ao a oo.ro (o- a. oIIIe IIeIt IropIa-
B' apy). Bo ox o. oI ooII KaII,I' oa-
x xpaax oyTyeT Tpae. I aape. B II e papopa-
fleop y opeooI{ aBIIIM IJIII! paeIe op[IaI{I;
opao a IlopaJlax, oa a- TIIaI opaJIoB TBoI ooII
x. ypaIIIaJI )ieTI{I oo3-
B III Bee IIoBIe pI B apxe- .||{|7 (paI Tye' Bpoa'
ypy xpaoB IIpII rpall- oTr Tpo Creo). BI-
I' oI{oIIolvI BIxoI pa- alol\{ alTIII,Io poooo
kl. Papopae oJIy pea}o Bepl,r oopa
 Bo TAI{ Ilo Po BPoIII 20|

129 o6op mtpu. Hm I080 z. d

2o2 TBo TPA TPIio Po BPo]

o (l170-l l80), a oTopIx o- oTpaTBoil,l' ppITI pr-

part eI , . Bo- ToBI Boa. Br o
exa. oo oTa}oT o. a xpaa TIpM
OIIIIIIIo o
ao ypaoIIIeo- arrr Bo lI e. [oa-
)' poaar BepaItI oI{o IIIpoo papoTpao
pTI epeMoJII{l I Bp ,vIll.Ie yIlTypoo
peo' IlI pra ppI- ypaa oopa .
al paaTeM oo. B oe Tp II a a
Ca )Bo oxpaa B pt a Iya xyo)e.
Ilo pBa. ra axTTplra oa
ov Bep ao paB. poa, oopt y a
BaT I oe. oraa - r o p. Bar-
Ta pea' oopyl aTa Il- er oxpa e a-
pI a 3aoeBalll{Ix x' oTa.
TI o}l Tpaa, IIpI4Il.e
M
- opoB o a-
. florre aT x o-
ooo 1000 oa pTaTBa o-
ooa o)eI rporo
opy)
- B aToT, opTa
(<opa oa>) oopa oo-
yTBa' oToo' oaa eo- p o aoe p -BI{p_
pa' Broo po oM Bope payx a-
paBT| aaoepoo y. opao. pa l
TypI. Pa a yTooo a| oTop| pT| a
ToTTa TaB oI{o- o (oo.poa, ypTI BotoB'
t pxI ro- TpraTor opar apo Bopo-
paa' MoaTI a ap- o aer), oa opa;I Iia
Typa BTa ao. p o- Ba Totl. Cyy-
IIIII a I a B'paI pa opaa I1ooIo poMal{
pe aa por pr. pTl. oo opar a-
E|4
- TIpxooBa BapaIa T Bopoo aI aeT-
epoB ep (epea I .) oppTo pa.aoa.
p IToxoBI ao B pBo ooe III a
(oop' apa). Ha pyr I oa opo aT
Il o oprIo il o. ooBaTM oaopa poo.
TaTIo poo' oTo. Ix N,IoaTIp epoI{Ix a-
I oB a papopa Bp .raJIvl pyrr oa-
a pxo a r. B o BpM yTBep T .
Tpa. oo oTpo BpoTao pxo a-
aop |4|4M poo e TparTa' oopt l
IIIoI a ao oy- opoBa Bp Tpo-
pI Bp. o oopa TM: oot l epexo
v (o 1064 .) opaa B eopTBo B oII
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Io. o e BIoT I' oopI at' H -
peJlo Bopaea o- ao Bop o I{aBa or-
Tpy' oa paoa a- oop <<a},reO o-
e IIl' v| | opaxe pet- eit'41 .

aM apxTypI rlo po- pooo pyI poT-

BooJIoxIIo apaBe: aBee Ix pao, BaIx oBeM
oo' BopIIaeor oopa' ox oopo, BIaJIo
apyaa. opopa' a- tl oBe Tpoo
IIpaBeo It' o Bpr a y- o) aTeoo oB)Iio-
-
o o pIIoB pa-
r ooIII{I' TpraIe ap-
K, a' aret IIra)I Iilx llo. ora ta
y TperoT aMy epIo opaoaer epo pao-
agv| I. eo prIlreoBoo oteo.
fiaa ot{aa popao o apxrTo o)
ooo paa' oo opo - l, per r aT o ae
yy oyoTBoptlo' ao po, oaeT peo alv'-
Tp eTBy. ooa po a' }rapBolvr yTopa' o.
B o pIra)rIa Bey. opo. a aI al{poB' a pa-
tiIe oa yTo)uI B oT - oy opy ye BI-
I{y' aea BeTac flperpa- aparpI yyro a48.
a - Bpa. poal o- o o: I pra opao-
ItI ya, oll aor . aeI{I yTITB oee
II Booa peall pe- oa Boe ye a otrro
BeoB o oxoopI{oT a. TpoT. Po aBoro ae.
pa c.raa ep ao. r
Trplr. Ho oa
- yBo oy- a Ivla ox roTx ap-
ByIox poTooo)oe.
ooy BTpa)y poToo. xpoB' py x e oBpe-
a aaBla Bopo,a olly- . oaro orpt
rTaJIIIa pya aa. H. a oo zUI roBaT
oote er oepa a aep yeIIIx xoaTo <<oTo-
BT IrpaJlIloo' aBIII y po''.
ooa ar aBepIaJI alo- BIpat a ox -
I{a oaeo Btoe py)- o paoo oveo III
o Ia)oB r. oo ea Bapa e oeypa. o -
3al{r IIe yeye' I{e ooT' a opao' pBaa oo
222 pA AAtro tlPJ-IIo BPol BToPo ooI xll-lv oB

TpoIo oBo prI Boe BzIo B aTorrl po',(a

poe. B aoe I{eT op- "*o' Hoopoe V ee Tpo-
rx pay. oyp a J4 aII oo . o
ro poo,ae InIlaralo pa- IV o Tao ollr-
ee pl aeo a, 'Ba aI{ aa Ifpao
ool opy, oI o- por aBepIarot Taol,t pa-
pelr yp' paBa pel{' B prtrBroBo yypI.
<<a Toy aTaBT ep''49. lpaaTo ToeT Bol1lo
a papIBae tlo ao- rBpoy opI a oxa
o oe: o o o- oTpao' oTx Bo-
r' apoI{ oopT o pao. I{rx opev, epeex B-
pa'I eo epeoB. Bap >elr,it, pyerx oa, -
oo aeT oBI' o eaT xrrlx e. Poo y.
Bjlro. or paore' IloppoBa-
p To ppoe - eo oaTo. -
yBa aJI xapaepert ox II BTaI{ Ba
oT. oa A, po- aoe paaIlI}r epe|i'1.
ooorl(o A' oaJI Bparoa;r a Apao'
pepaoe o opoo o [{ Ira or paIlya
ooBaIlo I{ aBIIIr o r pae A,
pa prpaoo oopy oaa I{yTI !lo-
- IIoT'
poee oytapa. o-
oBye' IIoT. poxoo
rr*re yoplx ey- aJIttI oTelv1 op-
ro yo)Bt{o a- IrpoeII ooIIIe
. oooB-T oaypa y' prIreBoB
- oo
(122|-|27 4) lTJl o,IT ppo- Irr: <<pa Mp.>> (yo-
I\ IIaa(eIt yTBoll,I' o a ya) a 1348_1349 oax
oI{ IIrpI aepa o ) ItaeII pot. o
TBop pooll{ aJI pa. piulo oe o.TrIIo aJITpo-
a eo TaI. Mt Bao; EaiIt{o oa-
y.rr Beo (opa IIooBa e aoepe pro-
III .) paapBa paIe a- aaII oy ee y-
eI prIloo BocIIpk|^| 11 I|I|. pea a ta
rl(ell po pa oTI. pao a)oea ep, Ita
B XIII B oa oya BreB- JIa .rpI aTa I{.
poe poa. <paya yaJIIra. Mr o ep
,ral{pa)> Ilepeya a.ar aa' oopy) paBa XIV
P, oa Caax )a' ap aya, ;t
oa or. B ysrx pa. oa' a 'a, opaJla
tllrlx pay o o po po yy Popa. B IV
Bo a}rI peooI a opoB t oo)e o llo
p. B IV e ooe -- eopa. pa opoJrrB-
yo y) oItoIo ooTo- a Ba o,ep)aa a Po p-
 .I.A IIAtlo PJIt{o BPoI oPo
IIooBttI ll-rv BoB 22

lliTI{ylo oy' aa,o <<aB. Bo,,50' o rpoe oaa },I

Itolt el{rl>) a. ooopa) I)oB ypaIIII{-
l(opt oplloT xaarp- I IIaIopa pyoll a
lrI xo}(rTrl{I{oo Bope- yoo <apItIlI aJlep
(.-Ba ox' a B peax o. e)y paorrrllI pIIIIa r-
lll IIlKo' a por o. B po'sl. e poatIBa
lr'tpo pe y}o y ]apaM poo )Bo-
(]rtpyaIvl' IIoItBr III ooo Bp - ary, -
ltr Br oporrI oeoo . PP, Iooy,apy.
ya' paol o opaa Baoooluel{ xyo)(-
TaJI yTyIIa e o p. a aa' o TaIIoB
aIlolvl aroer plrpoI' o yaJItiI. I]epa
(9IIpeoMy eay>>' <<oT- ya IV a opoe-
eol,l lraypaJly>, oareo e tBopI pe pyIIIx
ao)eo yB' o Bralo- eoao. paJI y-
eyp)Iro Boop' To o- 1Bo e oo aoBoo
py)ax ooe oa- potll B xpa' o o-
. Haao IV oe e o- I{ttoo aa),l{ paIII.
xpao Bp,roT lt- la. Hapy apopaTe
pye oopa, I{o ooTa ao I yaJla or aa pe.
opa oopo o y)e oa- o-ropea pa. B opo-
. Bo opo ooBe Bea aTy- ax Ile oo rp' o aTyIII'
o' pM pox p, To o opoo aoynpaB.
aIIIx ae' opoo ae e' Ila ta poBe
rx a.' Cpor a. B a, ap
o( MeII xoBo opa}ra- pa' e ooa rp)a
poe' yTopo' ). paBr' paBrpl{yo roe
oB. yo ypBo TporBo Bx a. B
re ao, oo opaao pe, p, e, Appa o
TeIIp Ii o ae, oIIe' paaolvl l1 BI{yIIIrI{o) Ee
oey' oo oJIeI{oy yTytUI opo oopa.
oy. oyeare opt Bal aopo pa eBpo-
TaJ| IeJ{ aoBI; eoo yBa oo epoa
papopaE BIe aTap- ao oppae a pye: III
III aIr4, ooaIr )I(. IV oB poTopeario
oltIr pIIIe aJITap., paIII- yypI al. B o
pa a oopa, poopa pooIII rp-
pa e Ilo)ro IloBIx o- r peI aplB o peIr-
o. B yypr ,Bo}1 BeoBI pI{a opare
aJI peIIIrI{o BIte )I(ap opy)aeo pa' oBrpIJI
IlopTpa. oooe ,IeTo yBe oee ooet oooT
IV ra aIIa II'(a aIo- .I'ep),Io o o
pa. oa Ia ..oIl lloeil,l )I(- )II. aoe peopor-
 224 pA Ao TPo BP.I BoPo
ooI ll*xlv o

ee opaJlo IIa yre a- oopI oaa oIrI -

py aTI B petlr- pIraa
oo yTB a aollEoe - apTo-
paeo yToeoTIo. iI.-
aIlo a el\e, Ilpoaa a o epexoa op,
ooe y IroBoMy Ty' o- oI{ol oro oe
rro iro opao Pe- Iloaaro. <paoa-
eaa. Barr opIe a oa> aoe po poB-
TI{oo peopo'elr a lt,lI{aIp aotx
c.IaJI yT)e aepao op-
a ya. xo ooe-
yeoT opy]aeo [,t- oe pao opa y-
pa, oIe IIpI o1poIr Type' ee I{y a, <<
IlpoTpaa opo o. >. o aepra oo pe-
o eToTro. C oBeIvI . eoI rpo epoeoo _
yTa po aa, .(ro. yTa' l oe a o
o, Hoo ao poa ep- ypyloI{ elr. o-
Illarrya oylo ay oeo y- ao ap,y olv1olloI,l3o
yprroo paBLlT. Ho epexo o- <epaoo oIl>> TJI
pIII pay. Bo opo oo- oyTI aoaI{I pI -
e IV Ba aaac yTa' poyIIaBIIIe B palax
op; a p{I poll- <I{TepI{aoaIloo> .r!I. Ho-
B oe paI' rpa o- I I oaoIlo o aBI4 o
Ta oa Aeoo oy. e IV . pooae -
opoa' opot oor apa pap apr l34l a poI
poaoo poopeeaa. eo P Io oo o.
B o o)o a yI I Ilooo eoea' 3l{ao po).
el{oll4 a peaJle Te.
aloeo peraoo y}I-
B o{Ir o po,ta. a. B oe Toe <pep-
M Bopore oyell- paa3l>> opa opI
aJIa ooo -a- y Bopore a epa A-
pylox opao a 1o' ae- oa. por tlJI 2o-e
a aaTeo a eepr. ot V Toe' oa a
Ha pyee IV V o B y- Iy xylo(Ir e,Ioo
aao por oIIo - ooel{
e' oTopoy aopI I a - pyr, aav-
o, .(oao' a Hpaax
a aa <<I,Irpaoaa ap a oo -
oa>. Bo pa, A' . a . Tep oTa Taa y.
flaIIIlI' Ba, pvl o- TBo yoeo IIpoIIroo' oo-
apltvl, ex' or pyx po eBllo BIpa)ao I
paoa Boll poBre' oepaI{Ix pyo.
CTBO PAII Poa o pa p)aa
II III ax epo -
o paTa. oa aaa rpeo-
Btr o B olloo, o-
o yTpo >
pot. o po opoa'
B rprBe poxoo ooore-
tI p o o poo
aBIt,lo' PaBaJI ooM.
e . paye opo'
poto peeI{f,I TpytlT'
BoIIIe o opo oe II
Bra' III oe Io
o ]Ioe oryro aT paI.
Mo oo)Ile JIaoB |4

o payoo orTa,
BoI{ epIe opt ooBlloo
peaBe. r pIapTBa
opo)a o oe opoM
o)IIItl. ea.rro o
opaoaIx e. pay
yIrBI l I{aeIII
op oro oTBo y-
rae.
.a apa -e.paa
III ea TaJI Io oa-
Ix poll' pTypIx po-
ee, paBBa[Ieo eapa.
Bo opo ooI{e xII - IIae
III ea l oat aor
p poBtl ptapo -
paTypI' oopr e epo-
peoEa, paBa IIo
opooo ooB,I.
epr Ia a y o)I |o-
I raI oporBo}l
or --. ooo 1137
oa aoe loaTIp C.
.[ Cyp, p opoe
oT, aa prpoy ep
aaa. Copo opo' o
oporo ollzt a)oT aIIII-
Itoo IIpetIIp'I,1. re o Bp-
 226 lcccBo PAI{

143 oop . \nd| d.

' Ils0- l2()0 zz.

l44 oop putort \ozomeou'

I l3 z. _ o Xl V ' \

e Mepoo Ce-,{ y,o lllo e'

yIaIIe payx opoe
IloTolvly B po lloBoo aa o.
lpa payx e aa- popaBeIIIIIx ee o)o
o <Ilapoa allooa pa>
',(o popo oooe
aelle. Cpor xpa o-
)I(II I Ilpeo Br oToe -
Beoe' pooo P tI
Iooy oIIa TIpIo.
I]epo C-[ opalla III
a Boe epBoaaIloo o-
a. [oro' oIlao' opooe o-
aIIe ao )oeJIBa' oTa-
Jleoe Cype, BrTeBa o.
opoo yoIrJI paolI. ate
IloIIIeBa r peeIII a.
Irpoy olr1py ooIlo
aI xpaa' e ||40-|| roax
apoIrylo ay arII xop
)aeTolvr' I{e IxoIlBItIri a
BeIIo ae. B o
a opo repvl ro
pBIe llpreo IIepIe
oypa epBIopIrI oa-
' ot,II a oIIaoIo BIo-
y. Bopo IIooIl oIlyo
JIaIIpo oxoa. ya aJIJI
ra yrea' pa paa'
oteIIIa x o ayaopn
popaBo ao eIlI oe
IIoB,iIII}r. Kapaa otlTpy-
oaaa o pllyea:
aeJII Ce-,{e IIJILI BIoe
pa,GII oa' xop r ao
<<ylIeIII lrepepII e.
o' aIaIII}r paoo
epep'52.
Tovo, ar opoo Cye-
p!l' lloot paoopaIe o}l!I
I- o paryo apxeype opo
 o PA 227

IIooBItI II o. o r o
o IIo(IIo po)a-
l{apaB eflu|N|' oo orryo Ba.
)r
ooerrrroe aa, opo ro B opoax paE ottK po-
apaello a yopllleoaIt xo' xo poo, po pa.
yl pyypI Itepepa B py <pa3eeIl> eEI'
eo BpaJIIloDr pa3pe3e' pe oa aoBJIa e oee poae.
BeJIo o aoee Ipa. o po)aIIBa ea. e-
IIoo pIIIeII aaIroo aaa. a poeI; y(eIII o-
IIailIy XIII ea e p py - JtoIIItI' apxBoi apa aa
pae ey a oo po-
oeo aBaIaeil{ o-
pa apaoo oopa po )aIIBeIIIx oII; PepaI oIIa
o. peBpaaJla B oeel
JIIue )I(y ora,I epePa.
Papaoa paJIIIo p}r-
o pyypI llepepa Ioa. oo ao e o Bop-
la e IIpopaBrIIoe ooo- a Ka yJIIl4IraoIIa o-
ee epaJIIIoo oorx a paeeo aTep|'I.
oIr-
* Brrer o palyoo
o, opo rI{,I TIII, e-
elio' eoo oopa opee B P-
peoBalr oJIItIx
poey oItlt. cutl ltlvt i. ,y'o
oepe aaI{I aato-.:
pon" eo ra epaIllt{o ore,
IIapaBeI o,(IIIo pe-
oo e}IItTBa' ao e. r poae. Poa xpa
228 To PA

pdu XII
145 do de. ,Qem umpI <<nppIo?o o>>.
prnp, oop' tolt ood op
 (](]'I'IJOP^tl 229

oe ao, Bo-
11()''llTBoB'l Coop a - opo' aBo
itJI oor To. B roTr o aeo oyo,
- a-
(l)aa o)e I pIT pao aT oII ao BaIo-
l|IeIx apy)y opy. x aao pae o (o.
IJMT T po)I(aloa oa l190-l200 r.). ae Tpoe
Ia peBpa eo B Boo- peeo BTy B Iioop-
paIly yBpTlopy pay' palr- TBo oo epo ap.
oI pa' a oTopo BoaJI OI aa BIly rT
opa "oeo o". IrpIlI B)e' TI oaa-
Hao BI{Ma Map elrI poparil yo po-
Ta]e papao aao a pya. ra' oIp opaoB oo
ax paTa' o o oolrleIo BIy Bpe. opoa poa
aI{oy Bxoy B xpa olr paJI Bo oTrI{a ooI oa pIrot-
pa oey po. t|'{ eTpay) a epx
OoI I ooo apaI. aur Iey l{apy-
aaI{oo aaa oa r )y opTa IIa. ar
C-[. avTBoBJI paTa I{r yao poBa
opiUII' ooBoaI Tp e a oBpeeIIoB. B x
pooI{Ilt,t a, pyo oo- o t Ipa) at o-
poa' Be Io a' oopI pI, opa)i pTa oa'
y,e r IJI paBrIM oparpo poo. <<

e' a opa lpaa I, a Moo aT o

oe a| pTop. ' Bo IIox r' o IIe
Cp p o(.Tpo y o a pyo ao ar, a
oxpaoT olll aat aa al''53,
- I{a Bo ao
Bap olrlryp. ar ae
oopa app. O r aoe B
l l70 o tlal.o e)a rro- poBe aT Ira llerx
oo papylll o pr o)apa ox BIBa opa)all
l194 oa. r ovo oy ep Haype.
epexoI apa.p aprypI. poee' ooBIlI To
Pa Ba ra (1 134-1 150) poy ay pa pay.
MeeT ooa' ooTI poalI- o o' T'l oop apr
oe o yx (varo arr oop (Hop-,{a ap, a-
arypt rrtl'p ltitpl I{ar a 1l3 .). B po poTr.
VI a). l(tr't.pa.lta va aa. Ba' oopo aBrpIIIo ep-
a opaJlil,l')ylo poalryro e IV Ba' o peTepr p -
TIly' O.I.()yl() BpeaI Tp op- e, opB epI peoo
Taa' o()-p(),|il oo o). oo yTBa.
ra ttl ltrl, <l.apa ooo>> p o xpao pa
(l145-1 l6.5) .llr oItoBIM - oop apro ooaTrp BIe-
o: ||p'|.aJI opopo T polvl BM oo o-
oxa|,| M()tIlItIM BroM Bo- a. B ea ooTByIoT pae-
paOl.() llI ll'l'pa. peI ll,II' a ypaTa
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I 260-e zz.

o BeTeo' pyIe IIax oIIpaIo a o.

oopI atII. Cprra a oo pao pol. Apx-
.
BIJI I{ arIII aaI eKypI oB paBBa Ba-
aa oopa' aepllJt p- ppy. o orre ea
I{e xIlI ea' te epaJl apa aIt{pIro aaa: oore
j oo ypaoBeIIIeI opolIa- opaJII roo oI{I oIl4
] apo. Ho pyI aaa e- peIIII{ pa}Ipax. pepoa
.o aI r,y oo, apxe- aErII' IIaaBIIIa 1210 oy'
i ypa a opear Bype oIlya al{a eII o-
. o,o oy paB. BII- . Tpexet xop t ooe
. 3y Tp opaa' yyIx B Ma- Belro aIIeJI' poeI{Ix e,y
y eIII' IlotepBalo l,Io oo. opopa. e ro-
Ba|1'1' peII py oIIa ap Ie poelvrI I{)aI{oo ea,
o ylloa ey. Arypa I paIpIII oa op. Ap-
apa oa ra tooIla yar aI!IIIx ByIIpo-
IlIx TaJI otlropoeIll4' r!I-
I{eoo o)I(r
- oTe,{e -
ropeJlBylo poo ep. Bo opo ooBIt
BeIIy Ivr
are. Crvar ap' BoI- XIII ea r aprue paT: oll
I{yB B oepalll4x IIopaJIo' BIloB ao rya 3a BeIIIEe paIII I

oBopIoT oEax Bopoo pca'. e' o ptJlo ay oopa

eQre pyIe poelI B I{x !Io. oplt oxpaa r-
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poeTBo xpaa. B |25,7_|210 ao appe. Cpoo
oa te Tp a e e aao e a llo,apo 1 194 oa
[ep te Morrp; p Ie eo eIIBIIo; |225 ro pa-
(a Pa pyoot Tpolte- r olloI{o t aepreI.
Bo B 1280_1330 oax. Apopr ap1pa I a-
epexo po ae pa o- e y)e a eoe eoe' opa-
ooa IIa pye II eIoee IIa oIIoIlIIIe a-
III eo Ba a, oopy,(eI{Ie ' e,y oopI yeByT
a peea -e.paa' IIo.
TeLra . Copapllo
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opI ypxe IIIapte. o o- I

opa ype (aa o. 1195 ., a- BeEI oeo t aeeI

pIe B otIoIIo 1250 .|e - IIae: peI xpa o- i1
III poTBope: Iryp IIIo Ipi r xop el{olt,l
IoKo oIl pop' BoI aIIe' Ipo pexer
BIIraIIo oaaBIIaIo rpTUI- )ae epeeae a IIo
l
y tIlay Ireppa. Cap IIoptII. pep pa pIaeT
l,
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,] I r aa paTI{y. eI{a e o)aoB yo,-
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234 CBo Ptlll

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oTllt4 lltl I{t e o-
]I. p aoo a r
I]op}I0e oo)I{ E llal{r
'() aIIpaBIoT popa'BI{.
t ro E oorry' IIp/{aBa IIa-
lvlolr4y IIOly ap T.oI]).
BrI{Io p,ao. Crra o-
JIya Iapp pxTioe /e-
a apay oo, 'ppll
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a ' ooBaIt yTo? oa-
IoT' B opo y B y
oT' ltepepIItl Illlt O.
Ilo' BoaI\4. ove }tJl
paT. BpTaJII{I a oy-
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l.1() {,oll J1|'iiu. l 282 l65 zz'
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plrBoa rlIto p pa_ o,orIe aa{ ao .
o o oy ey Ia- I y Ba) pe.
!o Jl roal'oo oa' Bopo Jl tl4ll(, o0BrTB
r *- IoieIla po o It- I]oooIITlJll pIro Bt.l-
p Boll1 'y. por II1{ eeIa, a}
OaI{ BIipa,oO oira t Tp. B )l(y) py ByTr a.
oIt4. Bp Beor To B ar'ypo. Paa .a o p.
I lleax. I.l Tea IIa- p| ooltoo Ilpa.
pe3a B ooTI{ ool'oB. Bpar, rI oT 6e.
er yol apa a IlI I{ay), papIa B) Bol
IIaJIII Iao, aTe}4 o- aIo Trpep, oa .I{III
la o IlB.I{o oy y' ol{a o IlTIr
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altoo a Tro ts Ba IIprIua: aryr B}iIlOT. Hap-
IIeBoao IIOJ'Iro' al'ej al , ,l oo x.
opaala I{. trJe a- n4a, B alr BTII oa
o oeard Bpa) oa' B ' BoB ee o)j| o-
 TBoPA 25

tle vyo peI' peopa(eIl pI oalr4' oeIT oe

rT a)t{oo pe}Iea' IIp- Teil4lro aMo pao oo XIII Br-
ltllI{ ooI oeIIoK yt a. oy pIleBaTo.pooBylo o-
',lyeaIlo opoToello IIaoT orIl xpala IIpIr-
lt .op)KeeIloe TpIlo- IBaIoT or eII ooxll
||ill!p)tlo yee popa- paIIIx eoJI' Ilaypllylo oo-
r'l.tr oopa. Moyeal y- ty lloIrpyeT EeapIloe o.
l)ol]o.ap,rI p- yoe epa. TaTa opa-
l||'lx Teo XII ea eylo oax appoo paa
(..|.()"Il el{a oe a Ia rreorao paoopaIra.
Il(l/l|})IIa Maepa opa}(tl. fJap o a Bexoo Hoo-
l(rlo TaJI tpI]vl' Bo. ro aeo, Ilpopoalu I _
lll.|| B yoTpee eoru e- oBoJI IIo pryey
Jlil.llo1 il4eJl ypa. po- Bpxll oy _ lvII BeaM
y. e,ty aoIIaIu a- I{y ooJIO Ta r,eoB I{ (II
l |
( ).l I l.l ToaIIEIlvI pa eJI- peMeJIeIIIIoB' IIpBaBIx
lll,|M opael{o. Bpa( oop; ota o IIo-
ll lrl't ax IIIappa Bpa- ea pra. aepBoll{ -
.rr lI ea' pIvI IIaIeIII- IIoIIII' 3ao{IIac clot
236 cccBo PAIIu

151 Xpucmo o . Pe mu"naa

mp 'a 2 o o d < Ko p o eKo? o
nopm",l>. . 1145/55 zz. IIIpmp,
oop

152 pdu Xpum. mmu-ooL

< Kopoozo opm".Ib> co6op
pmp

opa3a BItIoT B appe oa pIIa>' o)I{oo Moaoo opa-

opa,ellel ooMaep (<oo- ,Iea oa aopa |'719 .), *
aep <<pepaI{oo oa>' II .)' BIiI eIIa apxTeopo aI
pa) ) B. Ba oBee paIIoIIoo aII.
<oppeT> apa Boo aao a xpaa r oa ao
III .). 'op, oopr, to' a o-
eepo peo o <aae- op lappe' o Bopee ,taepa
y> peeeoIx ope oa ee oJIIIIa ap-
}raepo a oop Pee. o-\ ovllo. Coop Pe
pot B pte aa aa I lra aa, epella - pex-
rTo opol{oa payx pxel paeTo' oTopI
opoe' a ||,|9 oa o opt o llepexoT B eIIl xop
oBeplzl Ta ooo. ye- oxoto BeIIol ae. op
oBaBIIIa II ee aa o. TPae oe taa 'ope 124|
a llo)ape 1210 oa. Cpo- oy aepl .a JI y. oe
Bo llooo oopa IIaaJIo 1260 oa aI{ taII B-r o-
Eeaeeo' y)e l2l1 oy' Ko Mer: B aaIto a pa-
poo,ao o 1481 oa. B ce.IpaBe e tB. B -
op oopa Pee o - o t paopa yl aat
-
op IIox oo o- aaI aa ptpllo
x. Ha oI{oBaII ae <<Ja6- poeBo oBoo. PaoI B
Co P 27
238 'o PAI{

o epo Boa 18 o. oIlI oI rpeIIaIoT'

r (or) e P 35 e epap o}apylo' oIIolIIT py
e Cyao. oey pll&fl: rya. aa tar, )ea
i BelloJleoe oo-poa a a- y eNI, TaIIoB B
IIIITI{a
IIaIIo},r aae. <aepero opo- oe ro oo o ,rpe
ei1,,54 ar o 131l oa )oJI oea Bpx.,{:e IIaaIoT
Pop e . Bepxll pc arerr yoe IIopaJII o paIIvI
oB oe 1427 oa' IIo BIo- oepal{e apo oxaIBalo
r IIIa)I opoeIII e t. x pyoI{Il BIl{epo. B o.
oop Pe, eDro.p a - po py oo paelle, aT-
lIIe po po}iTBa, o. xae B epe opraeT Tp.
xpalI eBo aIa: ooo- ly I{N,ry o oa: py-
pae aaoB apxropoB o {<p3> llooo apo Ira lre
TopoB, paoax e' pollBoo oore oa' oo-
o B oy' oIo oIlo- pI peapIo oer
<<arIlyro oto>. Cor. aure, opyI opoT
Ho pa apTypo Telvrl Beo}I Ilepa e)I(y lllll.
Irpyla aaIrol,ry aay xpaa; Ho aa Peoo oopa pol{-
 o P 239

l53 Kopoou Mpuu. P mu.

n nopm"xl oaortmpu. .
l2 l0 z. pul' o,lp omp...
ndL d

l54 zootuti Xpucmo. <<tt-

zo eu 6oz>>. mm -
mpr pm ndoo opm
'oop A. Mlttd l224 u
1230 ze.

:ta e oo paIIIIvl B)I(e- paa B Pee oalo a

e,I. O peIae B
o)I(oltd TpyJypa? oopTo
9p-
/l}aeo a},roe
1o1.}' P9-r.I9P!4 s9 eoo' a
opy,ae prto' opr o- oerx ae' eeTeo
/IIo o IlI IIayaIo a -99.Tl|99} x rlep.x9oB' BIo-
paIoJ'o]eo p{ I{II po- 'o"" 9:9P9'}!To opaoT aII,I'
pI{o oa,' opoo- "1T9]],![99'I1 9gs a,o teTa-
()paIe IIIII,I BoJIea eo -
{l-:. P.9-9o'.1 y" j.I'Po{yaIIo apx-
. Bo op[4 pye IraJI - r"]sT.y.pll9.o. p ya.
oollaI,l poI{aIII oy- o oIroBpeeo Po lra-
xo' TeIII oTyalo' poI oo Io poBo oopa B
/lal x eoTIlI' 6aIII IIo- Arre. epr aMeII r ao-
aI{eIo IIa IIo,Bo ee- x(e B 1220 oty' pay )e oe IIo.
lt poeoB. )apa' yIlo}tBIeo po{aoe
llooayr yeppy acaa 3al{e. Boee xpaa aUI
(:MJIeT )oro e paepE- po{orro aT' xop po[I o-
lll,l, o aIIp,eEI pT,roB e- (e. aar aa t aplu
l)pa. .
Bype.9* *P-o*q']PIrBo oIlotlolt{ III ee, eo BepxII
240 yBoP

155 Bcmpe Mpuu u uemt

nm p 2p nn ep o?o no p -
m mpl oop IIIpmp.
oe 1204 z.

a oTpaBa IV oo- aBepa Ilpep' po)a yB-

ac V o. Paoore- o oooo )e po-
rr ae aa ,(BoIto _ Il paBa' oopo Io oTIryo
yao B poee po}teBa aJe ye yBeJII{ aor-
BoIIIII paIIIe o Io py- IIIx papo ta. Coop Ae-
y ar. <ap', paopalllll e _ a orpr pe/{ oe-
B aae IX ea' olt ea x xpao pa, IIIpa eo
poee. |22o oa pa. eo oae 33 ' pa pa-
a Pop e roapr, ae Toa e TI{y a 59 , or peeo a
opo ro lll. Paot oIIoB- oII,tTI a BIoy 42,3 .
o r aoeI 1288 oy. Broo epaJlIto ea xpa B
o BIloB y,!I prpo oe (|241
-|21
2) peore Ae-
aII oopa IIIapp, Ilo oI{ o- oop. Apxeopa yaJlo
poa o. B Aee Bao. IIoIl,I BoI a 47,5 , pro
teyl Ba oBIx aIIpaBrII: paB ey' pepa r
pae o Bop paeTy; B ray Brylo peIIITy.
peII a xopa' 3a- Ho o r yr pe' po
eIIo II{ya epet' IIop- paoIIIa pe3BIlu aeTo'
Ba pooIly o aa. o- BoI pyxlly epe tBIIaa JIeT
oe paI ap Bao oe ooa porBa.
 yCTo PA}l 24|

15 Bmp puu u uemt.

nm p ?p n n mp Jl I
pn ndozo d oop
Ptie. o. 1220 z.

orre Boalloe pr- ' a{l ae t epeee

oaa Ily{aI{Illl. a yoepIel{oBal{e eopaT-
A oe ooa rpxo oo paa. C po o-
apxypr rtyeo aIIa. o pa oa ry <JIy-
oxa rooa I Coo Ilvt> o e.reo{y III-
(|226-|270)' oa ro oo. poo papo)aeIroy B o e-
I{poao payoe oyapT- po p}ryKy oIIa-poI paaIro
o. oarIIo:Ia aeIlI pao eIIea. y-
eo yypI. ap II opo- o popeo <yT'o)>
e Bop a aBIil,r eBpo- pI apeo eaBo'
oo pa , ot)Ilo otyxoTopeo |1
otIx yev. pe pa. IaIIoo TBa. Oo-
B I,IeeTyao xyo(e- aTe oo oTya-
o oa t eorao Io a a aII' eIII IIpBpaa.
BIo. Cea a aoBa ro B ot arypl opa-
ey opoBJIe yTB. e. epexo ooeIio aeel{
Ho pe MeIx oII)yIlIx apxeype )ara p
oo B apxTpe oBao' Ce-,{e (oe |23| r.') Io(IIoo
Tp B oIloIIo{ papaaIUll.r
pyaa paea oopa ap-
apoBa y(e IratrEIe pee- o ooaep (oe |251 r.).
242 vcco PAIIII

157 Mpu. ,[m mmu zpnnI

<<Bmp Mpuu u umt>>.
Ptul, oop

15B PmumeI!rc l1numu. XIII .

Pe, coop

Bpruo paB JI <y- oIIo oaoy I{ pa lvro.

o> o aa C ae _ a' ypypltoo ea Bpa}(r
a aea ap o IIoooI. e o
(\240_|248). oa poa aI( o- ro e: popaBo Me)Iy
poea eo' e e po oopa oa IIa tB )T Be Bl-
t pa yBept l oI aIII aIIoII,IIo yxa-
xapaep Ba lvloapa. e a- Ie oI{a' oteIIIII ollapo
xo II 3 oa- lIIeIIoBIlvI po a. Cpo-
IIoo <pot ee pa', TeJI aeI flep e op
.oopI' o peaBJIr oo I 3a apxeypo Ioo
BpeeII' I apyo' yaylo- Aa, oya pIrr Bo eI
IIa pao opoeo o oTpo ypyo apaa'
ria.'{yxaa aa y- teopaBl{a,l opaoa aa
>Ila IIo paoIllll pe- IIa, IIa,r. B xv ee
ape. I{ool a), , C ae ypaa BeoJI-
pexI' aB[IallI[I oa. a o Iaoy pyy
' y oor poxoalvl poa.
l\{o,{eBo ooI{II' peI{EaaeII- B XIII Bre oIra aoeBIae IIo-
opoo ' I- pal, Ilpopa
I{ Be oJIa
yaJI oIII oIITpao BIo. olvl a eepe Ioe )ar
oy poopoy epxlly aJIy' IIee ooeo. B
 CToPAI{II 24

Hopa pyeI oeI\,I I t BIJetpTc IIoe aBpIIIr-

a,rIlo a Pya oop, e II peToBoo llooa eBrpopall-
yry o Be Aey ylrx eoao po o-
Py, o ytep(aIll oo vp B _ peeoo B(IIII,I' oxBa-
eIIo apx}rypI oIry BIeo II I )aIII.
-
arrrro a peope' Ioe' B e oeI A Tyy.
)eIe ar ga pacTHToM a- r r BoBrry oor o-
IIaIIo aae' Ilooo)iIo op (|282-|390). p.to-paIlo
pMo B oB)IIIx apaax' a- ae BoIIIIa IIa oe Io-
, B oIIoIIo aol{eo 1250 r opoo. Cea A
oy' opaao o VI ea' oIioIo oxpaIIJIa oe IIar-
oa popeo uept oe, }1e' ye' Ioo IIoIi,II oa
<JIaeIIeIe> ro' apaep. allolvlalo oI; IyIII
I ooeo oopo aoee opopo, oopI paI
Ito Bry pyao epB pyI oepa' poI*r arrr
C May (|44-1470) xope ep- peoIlI Tr: aa a.l
aaa Morr.Ce-I aoae oIDo.
(V .) pIa e pa- peoo xapap patl a-
o1II JIyaTpoM. py,Iloy oy Bopoo pyIroo
Ha Ie pa _ aeoeo oopy)I(II aeoa
- p
poae, Aa _ oIe op- orraIp or Tyy (o.
244 Bo PAII
159 . ocu. !m nmpo
zpnI <<Beu o pl"Lt>> l Cep-
||o.l.t pt Ilmptr pm 3nd-
o?o d oop Pefi.
] 210- zz.
1260-185 .)' Byxeoy aIo
aIloo TIIa pyII,I oopa
BI{yTp' oopIe palo I{epepy
ItoT o IlyT epBlopIe
Bo,II. IV e l oxo
aopo t all po-
ea. Bo oIiyIvIIllUI-
I a opoex JIae-
x Io IIpoaIIoBIro atoo Ilo
aaJla Coe oIII' oTopa
ooIIaTeI{o otopBaa aepa.
IrIr pypI paI.
Po paB opooB BIBIIy
IIa epetll JIa poI pato-
poTBa. vILraTBa oo.
BaI{ opox o pa-
e)aa epollaaJlo rpoBIlvl
BTlvI eoaa, Ilo
IV ea oIloTIo opeoo-
a B pya opo. a loo-aa
pa IloBI opa aIa
aca
- otl BIoIl po
ype. yI opa a'l'-
o-
r o pa
- op,
|229 oy. ooy
ooar
Iloee o-
TaB Be o aparIe
yI' o oaBIIIe a
ooeo peea. B opo o-
xpall a,I{I opo IV
Ba' B To r )Ir oa.
pI pyplro IIaI{poB
eoeTp paBIII pao-
JI)eI{e BapTao r oye-
BeI opoa Moa (ooa
1284 r.) Mpa (ooa 1285
.), oy Ivrao TII
oooa paBItI{t xapaep
pIII rTo. yro IIaIrpoBy e.
o)pyT opo -opT' BIo-
I poyo e. p-
 yBoPA 245

160 Hdzpoue Kopo'l uunn IV. K-

e. 127 z. !em. pult, ep-
I.o m|n e. u

}IIr yI T|1T opoll{ Bo- Cpaeo xopoIo opaIIJIo

poaftr' IIo x aIIpaBeII BIpaIIo yypo ypao <opoe-
a pao{' oI pooo- oo opaJla> IIa aaEo aae
ppe)III e)aM. oopa IIIappe (1145*1l50). C
Haaa payo oeo appoo aTya e-, e
yJITypI' a apxeypI' oaBIo o, o paoare
r aoreIII B Ce-,{e. Tp appe aepa poaaJl IloBIe
IIopaJIa aIIaIIoo aaa IIae- y oee xo. B x poe-
To p aoJIIIJI yIIypIII e a pI a BIyII
opa,tl' B KoopIx BrpI
poB}lo plt,lIle poo
oeoBr e
- ge
eo' yo o-
A,IpoaII,l
poyalro oopvo ,eeIloo oloa' eo B e
popa}Ir' BoIIKo )aIIe ea- eoea. C rappoo op.a a-
oeI,l p opaa' aa otoaa yalla-
IIaMeT pxot o yJlpoo BrI{Iloo opaa, oopa
pea Bootllo paoo,(III oI{ya pBylo oep yIIIrB-
po)ae JIaeM e- IIoo pa epoa<e. Xpa
IIa teopa B Be a aIBae- a epaIlo TaIIe oTeel{
o Tay,r-ooI{III. Ho yypa eo paoo, o ope yaIBa-
Ce-[e o I{a IIe olua55. e patylvte' B ,e ye-
-
246 co PAl{

oe IIaa. Byp IIpo. Ipa)eor poBaEao p-

eo xapaepye <pe- o ooelie llpepao ae.
o pa" a oToax *opoe- opa Map' poaIoe ee
x BpaT>. Too popaoaI eI aIIo IIeprIIItI
oyxoopeIlIe a' o )eI I{oIr4 Ioeo popaMI o-
tyIeBIIo oKpIIe' o aIlyIe ex IIopiIo' Haa oopa
IIaeIIIe' o ypoBo opeo. Carre ae aaJI ulopa-
oeIIIe' opIBaIo oo - a <.opolloBae p" (o. (

EI y IroxIIlI oe- ||,75 r.)' B oop aprro oo.

aTrpa tyxoI{o paoI Ivrap Ta oIIo (o. 1210 .)
eoBa. Cay-oor yy- Beaa' opaI xapaplly
eII IIIappx opaJlo IIo- Tpoo ' ga poreIlo'
eI oIloBpeeo oyto py- a KoopItl,l oya oI(a a
ypy apxeyplroo opaa. C o- aIlpyloe opaI, a-
o Topol' oI{ y,(a oopo' o r yBo Maaa
aa peIra o. [ o-
<<oIIa)>
- B IIpo }I epeo-
a oeoo aa orr
IIo Ie' Jlopeo
Io)eI{o IIJIaEe
- JI llao poopaI peIIIIl' ora
paoo)IlltIx B I{x llooaeIx IIoeBBarItIx pepeeI{a-
e. C lyo opoIII, BIIIyIe' I{I e. B apo}r oope
Blry)ee ap,il(rI ypI ..opooalre Map> peBape
<peKo pa> BIlIIoeI p ypa llppoo ape p-
BepaJIIx ee aaa. ,Kao- po <.ee'' .
aoap Toy JIoI Il ap- apyloa py oya
xTeTypI oaIBaI IIaoeI{- Bo }rIIo alvla aaa III
I aJlrro epe' a tyo. a. oa Bta ayx pallea
a curJra eoBea ooaella o app (oe |204 r.). Cpyypa
BeeI{II aIIao, Ilaee- op.loB te oTlla o <opo-
III apxeTypo. yopov ex Bpa>: xor e yyer
IIaaTeIIoo olu,IIlap cTaT ey' a B e opa IIpIII-
IlpeBpaa el{o t{papIo ByIo taIo. B III e ap-
eoo opaIro I, Xa- pr paoaJlo IIoJIo yIlyp-
ap}' ox orrel IIIX aTepx' paIIIx o )a-
opay ooaep, oo.
I{ep IryIM I| y)e,tI{. Haoee
arli appr. ea poe JIapyIo aylr .
(eIIa' cTaBIIIa aepro oa, axo a oax epaJII{Ix
olra oIIpI{aJIa pIleBeoe pa o o opoI pallea' a)

a yo, oe epIIIlu' Aoot popo B I{IIIx ;,lt-,,'.

a Ioa ayIIIIa. C aaa aaloxotetax,aIIoI{aIo i
II ea y ooaep pop aIe, BIo aer
o3paaBlller IIaeI{e. B - o)a ay <<o1roeo
o ae o oe ya- IIopaJIa>. ypI oeIn B x
Ilee y,eell peIII{ !I aIIa peooea poa-
 To PA 247

oT: TaTy' oa ee poo' o- pa aI ro

BopaItBaIoT B Ilpopae, r)- ap; p To paeIlo'
y poa)a' oIlar I{o o xapap tlJloa papI
ooIror oelrI. Bopra epy op oyxoBopo -
oo yIIypI oBea oo- po ao otr,tI: opIBaJIa
yto po aay I{a ooBa at pelvIeIlo (r
aoTooB popooB: I{aBpIII a t epeBa a ypy
Io pao oa y- Map arprar B ypoBo-
yp oeyr popaeEyl pIlo Iiaax aax oe-
(.py. yrI p ooaep. a p IIa yT
epoe. Ha ))o opar aa opaa ora ao-
p yopII po' o- II Ml ype aooIo
etlo-Toe o oToB - I4IIoepI{oo pa a Io)IIo
JI Be poIle eo yB. opaJr. ooo lorr(Iloo pIa
a. ypa oaa p a pal{Ta B pBeoBI xpaax
BepIIo opTilr oI{a B Irp.o poxoto paop
o B,e' aoItl{a- yrx t. opelle pa
aItyro yy *So. o oa a y o)o lo
S-opal a. BoTB aoIia IIpyyIo o
apaepo oooIo oe- Bte o) t yo.
|1|4, Il,ty
o a. B tvI oya o o y)I(Te paBo-
OTy alloo aa opa- c|4.
oa: o eoe [DeIt pe rppo IoI
Ta. a BIp tyxotlo p r o-paoy opI pa-
oe Bo Booao oo l yTypo ypa o-
yopa. opo Aea Pa. B Ae
ep yaa o- paol I aaI Bop o
paa, I{aelllil a .opoe. |220 roa. popaa aaoro a-
o op:I>, r oTBI{ aa oopa Ia poyaa o-
IvraTpa' paoaBIII a yJI. ro aeIloTto. Ha opaax
po paa. oI epB lra o ooavlvlc p ooBIII
t(tlo aa oa) y o l payoo yTyplroo
pa oo paIloill. ropa: a Cparoo ya' '
Po oxoBI{o poBylo- oeI ap, ' -
l apo Typr: o - aI aTpoM xpa4a a.
oo pa po, oxo> o oaI IlI BI
III a; aa
Ira yroo aa ( A I . pe). B
pop <B> opy)I{ B paoo)e Io)I(oB aepa
yoe pay. Ha epo y{TIBa DI{r pT o
IIpTiL o)o aIaT po,rl{r BxoIx yee o a. -
oeo yyp pyl. o Tprx opaoB lo oepy-
Bpa ap aeI paTo- o po or yp' IIpe-
Baa a ao Byx )Ir _ po- pro o poI{yBrx
 248 cccoPAtl

161 Mdo )I{t d'p. oooe-

oe cpepo, . 139 z. pu,
'p

162 oorceue o zpo6. e-tupoo-

ul. uumpt <<mupu o-
poJlI ze6opz>, ,o 1210 z. -
muu, Mert Kod

Bo Bex Bxoo. Paooxee .o f", a poBr ay

oorl atox ra ee ea' _ ye}(eo
pe
- pIIIea poa ooperfiI o- pollortlla' yrp(ao I{e-
oI{o otII' oaaBIe oo I}lo yrII p[IIBaIo-
ooo. HaoI IITepe eo ooo po ,er
pe ay aaoo aaa p. y. oa B IIoIIo (aI yax, B
aBIo poBeeII' oaIIIII pIIIeIto, ao po
e)ly |224 |230 oa. C x pae lltBoI pexa ep _
poe' Jlaapee elvropa- Ba xlrpy' - aarIlo
r' e app' a oe - aooIoe )I(ee pao
III' /r pya IIypIIIr - py.
a' o IIaI{o papIBa B o- I Bepro patyo oeo
pa pa a eEpJIIIIx paax. } a lI oop Pe. C
aa pa .<aoo aeo- Jpa yyp IIIappo

. t;.,Jr i
To A 249
250 yo PAI{

eoIlea. Ho aa a oT' tlo aeIIoT apo-

P oa oo xyo- T' aparo rt y.
ro pae. oy r B p, apoTB' a tBr
o aax epoB a- t poyarT toIIoBeII.
pylo Tpre' a opaIIoT yy. Jlo
paoI Hoa Bepeoo opa)arT cI|o, oT ae.
o po MaT- o paoo. Toa fleBa -
po' o,BaB[Ix P. H |1I opBeT po apll..
IoIlo' To pIt,{e aTpa Booopat p oyI
aJI ae-o aTtt ao- .oo a oo olrTpaTpyr o
yTBa ooI yBprIIIIIIV{ B)Ilo
- o o BrT-
TByr' B attoT' pee - ao opIBa"'Ia. oa
paBa opao ay. . preroI yop t
) ro aIlIM opaa oo- To yTo oooy oyxoTBo-
IlI aBop arToo . tIoMy B(e |4v| LI o-
ap aeln aaI{o p.
"pvo or oTr.
opTaa. o I y IIo o yypI'56, oopo ae.
JIIo' e aTepa IIIappe. Ba- l o, o il{Toy BIpa)eIo
ooIloule r)y poa)a}l oo oa' (.a
pe oyro oro. Opa- ap at, o B
I pee poTBooaBeIrI'py P tltoo. Bo opo ooB
pyy: ap loa )rTBa' 20-x o IlI ea ;Io oyo
aa Tape ya. p o ao rol. Pa-
To M) Tay yryT oo)ea po ape -
yoIroe aToe eIlTo. aBeTo pya ..aoe''
ypl a oBpyI py peeo Be pa)
pyy, paa pya ap, oa By pa3I{I Ta pa
py' g ea pya aet, peo yypI. B yoao
Irop)Bala o)I' 3aIa- o lt{yeo ao Bl
IoT poTpaBo ooo pyI. ap yatIa TpaIrro-
op rra ypaIIIrIe T py paveo cTp|4 B IIaTr
Ilo TaT xapap )Ta - Aoo paa. ova,
aoeyroeo y aet opI o' B otl oeI{vII,
eo y ap. popa- oa a)e pttl e-
o r(y cTaI\'I| OIa o opy. O re oyaT
poaI tyxoBllI cB|\tI. oo oepBoro. t-
oo.Io ao- aror aIIe. reoro
pI oepaeT pT Mrx a. a,a BoBeUIaut BoI o.
o. a t apa o ooIla eo pae' -_ po-
oa, ea o pI{ pI{o- Bee peI XIII e: o
oBI aIII B xapap. eptll a oaJI pyo py-
y opaa. B oe ar - I o oo' a Ta' pBo-
a Too aoopy)- I{aUIIlo oBIIIa a opTaJI'

163 Pcnmu. mue o pm. Mu-
umlopI <cmupu u Kc.
mLlrcoii>>. o. 1235 z'
uome p
ta ypava. ra a-
e <<aoee> oaoI{o
To ooIla TI4 Bopo oo.
BIII Toe. Pooaao
eo alo aepa' oalurro
yypy oca B oo
..pee o xpa> IIa JIeBo o-
poe epaJlItoo opaJla B PeMe
(|240-e .). opIr pe!I-
eI, yo aaI o o oI aal
or oo( Ira poplroo pI-
aP, oyIrlroo Br paBJIa}l
Beoo oxo'(te' a IIJIo-
I{a' a pye oa a-
ea eeII]Ia. Tor o.
o y}r yarar B )i(Bo !I
JIe llpypo}r a' oeBo
apyeIIIII ca\I,' oIo
Ioe opoo. apaepo
BoeopaIl paoa oo I{a'
e o . oa I{eoIIo a.
TBo P 25|
Iu, u-
TaBIo BoIIIt opa ra-
Iroo pIap' aK4 oII o)JI B
epe III ea B plloplro-
pIapo pe' opoo' p-
-
oo' Breoo eaoo' to-
eoo B oe ee ooIII-
]' ltoooo IIe oo te B
e' Ilo ara T||\LItI pa a
yIiUIIlIx II Tpye}Iax.
3axBaJI o Bopo ooBIIe III
o B BI Kya Il
Pea papoparzIc B pye
paor pa. B Aee IIa op.
aJIe ro'(Iloo KpIa paIla y-
pa ap laele (<ooa
Maoa" rpetEI III .) Iep.
}aIIa B olvl )I(e j7. [ oa
aeo oroaep xapaepo
oeallr oeJIBo paIl lI-
Kyloe opo ' B a>IJ,|NI)_.
252 Bo PAII

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164 e. uo
mpul <<ucozo peu-
pu>. Bp _,ud u ; u _
Ku u , pucmu. tr4etd
123 u 1326 zz. putt, Huo-
uuom

165 Bo o"xu. uump

< cmup u lodo u fiozo >>.

Mrd 1253 1270 zz. purc, -

uo (1 u uom

BoBBeeI,I9n,I-!9]gs9]L ypr, f a aoe IIpeaeIII <MaoI{-

IviBIIIII Bpoe peolra'f a aIII 'p> (1339' apr'
ra paeIla ae. IIaj yp)' paoea aya
IIy oBaEIII aa- oo oooeoo pepa,
Ta opaeal ee <aoa aee> 3 e-
pIII il{oI eo opt, i a (o. 1330 ., ap(, oop
epetaIlIe eoIaIro otlo-1 Hop-[a)' B oopo aoer po
). Ipa epI papo)ae-
Bo opo Tpe III ea oIIyII- oo eporuma' Hapy TIvr
aaJI aa' oo pe- oTBIII aylvl IIaIIy
Iac, popaelro Booe' po pope }Ie,lopllafla a-
IIo oaaJla Bao o e- a Ioepa poIla
o
- cTaTIl IIaaJIII floea
IIlIt prxeoBI opae.
yTBap.
Hapo oaJI BDIII pa-
IIe' oopoe BopJIo apy rpx- t B oo yype pa-
I{e a ypI. Hapo, -o- !t o peMI{ rooa I, o o-
I{a aTKa' llaay IV a t paB eopaa JIa-
popea opy Booo Toe a epe)I(a IV Bee. ao
cTa.I'. oy Bp}III yBo o ypee opoeoo pe-
ypale opTElJIoB OIIIJI a [I(a, JIo Ix rroee ooB
yI, aBIIoe BIIaIIe opeo- oa al{oo C-err
oo IIa yIITyp rryp o- e IIIeTIIata Irapo pa.
opo. Cpe aIIo oro py- yx oapxoB. o I o-
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254 vlcco PAI{

166 ouctl epo. o' 1260*

13B5 zz. T

III oopy, o aa- C-,(e. oe

IIa' aoIIaBlIIe oTeI{' o- - pporr
lvlol{yella' oyar rpa-
opr, apoa ypa rIIo oea B yIIType
BTI o epepy' Hepo apeolly a IIaIope.
e IIooB.l oT ope- B eoxy o IIa epeaJla
oo rrleB. ypr yepIIIx I ooII. yoo pyra o-
III ee peoI{I o paoallIx I,Ipo' Teep oa
I{eaJIIIpoao eao oo- polla B apopare pr-
,ao; IV oTv|v!olltl ao- ]\,leIe o' (a
oee .t||Bt apoaIII - paIlaBIIIac I|Bep'Lea -
tvl, oe poyalo oppe- ya. opa a oee IIopaB-
Ie epTI. B apo opo - IlI, eBep BoyIo a.
a IV paoo (|321' e- III Ba IIIpoo papopa-
[e) oeopao IIo o1l IlI{ IIoy aooI
ya IIIIlrpo,l pIoyI II lt{oJIT - opa.
BeIx eToB'
IIoo. opylo aroaeIloT apteI{I{I IIo aa epoB-
yTypy IV a II ae- Ix y. B oxo oIII se6a
pa' pIIIeIIe Bo paIo o- epaypa' pIap poaI'
ee ap. Cp x re. aIIc'| oopIIIx IIpoa}Ie.
lIeT, Are oe, yop x oe.
I{aIop (yoae I{e,I(y Co Bpeelr a II Aya
|36o 14|3 .), aop pa ay Grca-|223) I {aTIopI
 yTBo AI] 255

rlooBa llopoTo o- aM B,yT )rTypylo o

po. oae Tao oT TTo-yollo' To eoIao
epo ooIIarIIo eo BT. )Bo. o ro oII BIoT B -
oo a. aTp apill peo
pxo oe pa yIIType pa aepa . o-
opa) oBpIII B LIa- a' Cp oItaeIII oBoB
'p o)' B apxTyp pBea}o BMa o o)o.
- aaJrr lII ea. [a
BTpa)' Too IIIoa' oopIr ay a-
4aypTa orea} o pye. Te Il IIoypI{I B I{)tto
B <ap opoeBI op" ope.
fio l2l0 ., lIIa, My ) B III e pTepe r
(.xpa B Ba BeIIt B pyoI{oI'o Ta.
aaIl,t Toa. HoI op oTpoyooo oT-
lo ooo oo opo oo a' ooo apoo
1l, oTop paa opaa o- a Bpr pa I o.
ttIIIIIty oyxoBoproT. B oTIo p oy II
..p a ao> oeT' ooo T apa-
(o. |22o r.' apr, oa Tp a,yplioo opa. t pa-
Apa) IIooBaI{I pl' Iloaa Tp poo o rpp.
BoTeI BTpa)y; oo xoy pIry. or r.
taloeltI pyrIr raoltI' )TI{le aI III a .
oo)I o py' IIoI{ lta To oe, oa-
pa aIIII. O - oM pa|lotx poo
at po aIop Ta BaaoB; IV IIpltIII pa-
ooI; ypI TpaTII|l TrI oIraT.
'|)T',eTI peBI{I' |1- III Be Il T BITya
:lyt oop'1|4| pTI Tol{x a BooIIor IIo pai. o-
J|lx ao ol o oto oTx y t
ttp Mootll apo oTBTBIt <<yi(>' oopI
-
ttpoar, o )yT tIaBMo BIIlo xyo)a a o
(),'a )Io. aypTa. O a avao op-
y.r pay il,rIlyp- .lopy. oopl a po
oopI aBrp[Iro op-
I'lt' pIla,Ilo payx py.
oa T oT B ]\,laTlr' o. Ha aax opaeTa'
()'ttoT oap rooa IeeEoo Ila o' a a) a o.
o (ry |253 |2.70 rr., polraIx x opa
I lirr, Haoaa oea). xyo)I4 IIoNlea poIIIr
la IIaTIo rl{a ypt aaToo' lv-
l}xoo aTa aIoa o)- oo )apooo xapapa.
!|() apTee opa O oyv aa <op>
(', <<yo>> o. or- (aaI) oaB o o-
l||,I. ypya3o-THl p- er NIIq. aepa oxoTlto
ae IIII oB- opara ,opo apo.
256 CTBo A

ao, Mylao' oxoTlloB' r- Opoo aEe aIteIo

l{I yatlI . Coor o paBT pao )Bo
oopa.loo a' T e .aoo at 'p>
(r |325 1328 ., Hro-op'
ypr l{aa Tpro -
aT o)KBIt )Typo- Mpoo'Ir). o I{a-
aT. Tropl oel paro, .
a pax MaTIopo ypI TpaToBaI{I oMo' po.
aoT ar 3Bl a p- TpaH.Bo ao 'pxpr. B
e III IV o. o llx .aotllt>> aeIt }t.
r a oop (y. o 1318 .)' Tpp oMaTI' a lIpI{aT
aop .pap tla pa- tlp I op.I..
<loo (o III ., apr, Hao- B o IlT|4 IV a
oa)' o oTopo
ItaJI{a aTrI o p pay-
yTol o py pao1 l. o Bop a pa. Btxol
.a aI-
oop o rBIx oyT p- ap' o)a
Barl\{a pao-aaa Ioa.
TaeoT BToeBo N,ro-
poB' pl oopo I]plli MarpTI o tlloI B o.
aIvl' o oxpa BpI{o eo- BepIxTBr Ba opIrIIl4
paTBlM Tpa,lt{ ,{aTIpI apa pyoM.
ill . Ho at oo o oTpoItI' oJlo-
)Bo BToo p IV p.l. lat p3l.
Ba a . o o. pa B oTa oTo p-
- opTal apaTp parooT.
eT ro porp )all-
M po pMaM p- apra JIaTo oTa_
ii(r popaTBa' oTopIr o. a Tollo aIoaTrIlolo'
) al. po x. o paa. B .
o)a BIIoT paya . yTB Ap o, aapa
o 'o By Too a, apa 1400 oa paIIIp-
IlIoI. ro iIoB to BIooo pepTyap TM' aTIopToB
oBTBa y(.TBo pa BT ar' oy po-
a ox oooBa o pa. a r oBa B ppo, -
MBoT yooo o}r.
BTy Bo pa. Cpal <<e-
oo pap" (e> |23 ll Hol BoM yTBa BTopo o-
,l26 rr., apr, Haoaa - oI IV a Bo pa B-
a) areI aoa 1 a aBa )o' paB-
Tpoa' a oB)IIIM oopo aa aa Irp-
eo ypa. B ro- ae)aa aaa. apr e
)TIII ax oo a )BoI opaaro TaoBo_
ap opyeT orI To- M opTpeTy. poo opa-
T opy)arT TBr ap- )It oaa flopoo (|62-|63,
TypIlI ya' il{aIo- ap. yp) oTo opo
pax oB ya llooa po- aroaIloTIo' opa Tpo
palrTBa. I{aII. oppr o-
 yo PAII 257

167 opmpm o fiopozo. fipeo'

menp . I 3 2- 1 3 3 zz, pur, p

pa)elr )ea v| B NIIlIla- a III aar elropo

Iop. oxoa' pI ee' opa,tl-
Moyeaa )o eo- Bep . oote ,(eI
o xapaepa ypaIaa aI.r pa- r apaepllI aeIx
. o r opaIl.epo opoB' ypaIaBI pIape
aaJla. a.
B xlv ee oypI I}r a- pe lIp}Iex Iaep IIa-
aI{Ie t{I. ore pa. oe Io aeo Ie-
III poe o,llo BeT IIaII- eT <Aep Aoal''.
o tope B Arroe (|344_ ooo o I{yr oo
|345). B x oaIIII pII}raJI peMel aII}Iae IIIoJIIIa p-
yar aIIe apa - aro .<Hapoa ea> (1375,
eo po Io Coe apt, yp) _ poeee Bo-
ap, ,{:oa a, Ma-
- o )aeo I.
o t [oal. C e o- B oxy Iooo peeo
IIeo IaIo poll ape- pa o lvlooopoaa
poo, e IIpaBeI .pa Ilpooo e olloo,,
 258 TBo PAI{

o. PeIe ay' ypl ax oTopoo B popaTIIo

t p' opoov, IaaI paToaI{Ix Ileppa pBI
ypaIaJI opaeI{ e. aJIo oe. "Porl a-
oo xapapa' p oopIx oo poa eppou pa-
Bea oypl{Ilvr t eI ypo (1411-1416' a.
pIapx poalro .epa" My o), oeopaa
pea e Tpya ooo .Tp- Iroe ox' yoeIla
TaII oa,. pa orre po o
opoa oo o o palt oya IloIIvt pooye.
Cpo po o Ba po- e, )aIII Ilall,I opy-
y. )a}oy Mpy, oBpMeo xy-
BtI
- *aoo apruaa
o' (o. |410-|4|5 .), a pa- o,t{a }(It.

I
I

CCCTBO At{ oa polla Aro oe.

e ueep II ea, a a.a-
Iue popea o Ipeo
aoaoe Boopae. Pa
oeoo yBa oBII
A oxo aIIorI{ I{a-
oao yypl. XIII e -
p <Bo xap ooe>
otloe aoo apa-
ea, Ilap,Keoo oo-
o paB,I oeIro opI
Aoltt yapTe. oo-
I{oIo opeoo pa A-
III_IV ax ro aloe
aee x paolro B oo.
e paI eula po opo-
oB.
Coeopae opeoo yT
A aaJI IIa xapaTepe a-
o apxrTypt. ar
pooI{ oopoo poe-
Ba oTaBa pyI aaa.
B opoax eo I{oT
I papopaeI pxoe
p opyl oo
aIe a aaI{o aae.
apaple ooo a.
o o ooa palro.
re epep oop, p-
poI IIo o'(aa |174 roa
o pyooo oa aca,
B p yeB}II o o
pay poToo. o oa-
py) B a: ae eT Ba
paea' otIt oopIx opoe
pyoo. Coer paeIIT ILII
Boe oeo .rpo
oopoB o, , Co.
ep. Poalre )a oaa.
B A o. Capre
oopt t eTeI Ilr
poa opeo pepo, a
Tpoe tpo aBl lI-I ItoI
260 yo A
 TBo 26|
^|rrI

169 pu pedopecmu. 1338 z' ec'

oop

oTe o,{qI. Ta ra epe- oo pota popI. AI

Tpoea ooIla a oopa B uL|e o pyey po.
ope' oy oooy o. yoIlo aBepIee' op oxoo
yJI oop Bepe. crl\4 aeJla B)eaT pto.
aIII,IIix ox opetooa- aaIe ar eBe' ao
IIe oo }ra opyo' JIe IeIIa ar rra peto-
oo a eopaI{o opoe pre. B epepe peI{ IIe
IIoBoo yBa. porao a. e oI{JI' a pao' a o-
x oopoB oJIo Bpe oI a aeylo BIoTy'
oaBao paeIeIII: oP' poJI apKyal{o Ia opaea'
eI, )alre r oooI, x pIBalI o poe ootx
opoIIaIIIe IIII peoa- eoB. CoeopaI IJIo pape.
ilJI a pTlIII. Ar- JIe a I{IIprpe. ar
oopI oxpa 3IIa- BeToo oo r opeooe B
ylo poDl(eo. o po xope' oa ail{aJl te Be po-
IIa oTpIo ee e Bo- paBo e)I(y opoPa:
ll{o)o y)l\,l I{e oo oox eax papr r
r (a a oEIIer, te xpa }IeIIIIilvr. C oop arl-
opy)I(aa opoa aTpoa)' o o},I ote r BaIII IIo.
B opoIII. ! ao o )o ol{aIpoo TIa
xapaepl{I' pTyI aar, aJII aya' aI' yapI.
taro BIeIIIe TpaeI' pa3- Trrr l agrico roli
262 cco AJI

lo IIIpooe pee pe- eopaI e. p.ra-

oo paopa' a ae ooBa- a oope a ea o-
l{ BoBIx opaoB eg{y pyIr apo eope' oTo.
paI{IIl opotaI{ a,I. pIe oeIrI py pyo BrpIII-
oa oxpaa A oe a}r (*opoyI ap>). o-
aIIe Bo o pI XVI TpoeIe XIV e, o BlBa.
cToeT. Beya po topa- ro apy va a xopo' I-
rx op apxeype ooa oeIlt{ <ypaeolu) T.
poe eoa ao e .ro ooaeI BpIra'
o ooBeB oIl}lpy. oa,(a apaa ea' p-
Il,l opaBlltlll Il pllr- aTIe orrre oa apllla|o.rc,
pyllo. po Bt o(IlI epel{Ivr apo.
par)' <<aeoy> (o epepoa poMaoo tar B
op oa), oy (III .)' pe. o, oItoo aoe po.
IIIo' |I|' <ypael{yro>' paBe rrI A (157 )' pr-
oopo aaT a oe III IV a arylo oy p oBIx
oee' o3Itlo)' <epI|y- apxrypIx llpeo. B epe-
py)> oy (XV o). pe oe oeo' e e,
CaoIo oTo apx. BIII oa ta. Cor
ypt A aoe oBo pIro ea rpeporra aJIo-
Blya oopax Coep, ooy paB oro
oa, a, ar )o- er epIop ax pa-
TeTa oopa , epepo. ax. aat aa oaT Bo-
eI{oo poaoo a' eo opaa oa yxo-
oo ypaIeI yypo Ilo' aoap oopo Io o-
aaI{I aao (|220-|239), a. yo oellllo apaae
o allya (1290_13 l9), aeo plro oo are t po.
ooaep ooIlI opo (oa pe. pot <A-
IV .) oeoBaeo ooa op> oe (125-1280)
eIIy I{ alro o, y,( peaI opao p-
ala t ae- o ro o ee o)l(-
I o ae apx. Ill apxrypI eopo}.r.
ypt aa. o alr,tI- I"{olo aIJIa l{oe
a llaeo y(e pBoaaJl- BIee oop Coep. O
apoe aa o pxlre- r oloI{ a po(e III
o a )ao xopo; a (122G*.126' yap aJI aII.
olpo IV ea trr palta ya
- |263-|284). oruo oo-
!l yo2Iltt eo. PayI aa rro o)arro opy oopa e-
Bopl{ae a o)Ita' ae o xopoIo oopI o Bex
ooopao oIIIIyac :lac ca. opo. Cy opee ar
Hroe oor ar opIa. IIa petopee' aa Ioa
IoT eaIlo aeIo ep- A (|24 , apIIIIla
aEIe plvtI' IIopaJII I 1320-1330 .). aar aa o
 Bo At{ 263

l70 o6op oepu. 1220*1270 zz'

171 . mp. pzem pocnucu mapozo o6p' !po, m.I|pa. od
empm XIlI . odo, Bemump
 Bo AI{ 265

172 3omut cod. , 1280 z. o-

pu, l{o|um

ao BIpa)I(eI aIailI }Ieo ra ory Boto'

yparll IlIIIa' eo{epe opaBIx a oI( pe
opIIaMeI{o yTypo. B Irr- o58. B Bep oxpa-
pepe IIaJIo )eel{r BeoIIIe aeIr o-
oetIlo popl BepxIIe oa. I' oopIe BoIt.l opaBllIlvl
Meo opoall IIopeIr,I a- pylro Ioa o
x opoe _ aBIIa ep- ?o oopa.
o BIIITpoo aaa B ]
Have p oope a aya
ooe ra eppoella III
- i Io xapaepo eo aII-
ee, PaoI BaaJIII |245 ro | o. IloopaI{I B
I
Ip aTr apxeopo ep JIaIre oopy,ell llppazlIl
ea ,(oa 3 oea. o- )aey Jlyapy' oII Me
IlpooptM ooeo aI{tIIe otaI epeBII-
apo (Iloepya paIla B IrIe llepept. Haoee orp-
BIo rlrpaIloo }l oorx IeIIIII pae a aya
eo, xop BIIoM a) al{e , opoer IV ee.
y pay opaa, o poxoa a>r.plra a}rI{a
Bp,r a apypI op Jlata rpIlo orx oo,
aIIo paI,r.. Coa- BeepI BoI prIiI aoI-
he aoo oeo BIIeTc M a,I' ByxpyI opa,
BoIvIyoEI a aya ea oaI eI apx-
(ooe 1253 .). opo ypIII aa.
266 B AIIJI

173 Kmp o6op omp. d 1351-1377 zz.

 KTBo AJI 261

pr, pI{ye <ypaIIII{Ily> po) oT oBIo p a-

Io' ope o oopo I Bop 3a
op, p. o- (|474-|48, oI
- 1503*1528)'
eIIe pop oa' - p: (|446-|5|5) Belt.
I{Ie ' 3IaIo pyI Tepo aa (1503_l519).
Tpepa' oTopIe o B opeoBao eIIo po-
pe ep, aeaJl c|I.e- paIITBo' oopl paTop B
My eI' xapaepyro t IV oe opaaJlo pe. py-
Bra. )I(o' rToe pBlpa Bo-
Hao Ilooy Tay op a- oB' lIooIIJ{ BaeI{ poo-
o oT ro oo)llo . pa e|alIto.
ploo ooo va opa B III-IV Bax B A o
ope (|329-|33.I, BoI - paaT o poe-
|37 _|377). Opelo ot{- o. opoa apoa e oe-
py eope taIl c"aIw| ea ro yo; tu III
poyot{Ir prII p oe ax opoax a-
o BpaJIIIo ypeo- a IeT pIIIoIta oa;
apxTeTypt. Ca pae payIa T al*r oe p4
e3a' arII pIIIa oo oyoBaa. opaooe
poIe porr; oI pop- poTo III Ba ao .
oI oaBl pyo Jrtlo pe opo-
I{epp. Hapleo . o a. ,{oo ypa oe
yp'Ira paToo ap- pBIlByIo oopooe ae.
Teypoo opa oTaIoT yap It' ae t per a er'
opa op (ry 1351 ypelleIr ar. apoa
|311 rr') BrrpI Bo oolr- aoB, oTaa pypo, p-
oopa l paaya. opa oee loI oopoo
Bo opo ooe IV a a. To pe orpall. Bopoo
t a paB ao IIaeII aax opoIx o-
apeyl p ee, opye, B oopI peepea.
oTopoo ao BeI yoa. Hot opor
1356 oa. B ox opoax o oe IIaa po B or
ooBaIlo yrp(Jl prr- II a B an4 Bop; oro
I <epIltypoo> TIt>,. B a lo apaa pol-
rpo oBa Too apaB- oopa r Ipo B-
||| aTepJIIe o3o,(o p; IV e epeoopyoa
paI t opa}lllI' c1||1 poI o Bp.
opooB llooy a o- Pae oeeo l3
po y)t( aaIx a. oy- Tpalre IBao IIoBI{e ylrp.
pltI}r TaJIo opy)re eo- ex oer (oop
|249, ep'(
-
|284)' llpll' oa-
IIIx ae o opax' aaax,
-
p ylrBepTrTax. aro- Il oopIx IloJIoa oI o.
IIo rl{o ao <epIIeI{y- aIpoo Tora. Hr
268 CC.Bo Ft

yey aII B .x yBp-

TeTax ooT B oIloBIlo
xv-xvl Ba},I. oopyr,
BooIII aoope-
o I' IIpI{ae,aJI l.oT
(oa Ce-p vepe,
o III .), po a,
aItIe oTIII.
oya aT tI paa
A ao po, a o pa_
parr. ao o-
Bo alloB oo |
Io oprello Bo pIvr poTe_
Taoo oopva. Pagll
aa aTa rpaT
oBp4eII payo. B
o Povp I a-
I a peI Il ea, o
Ty TayM-ooaM.
paurt yypo opaJl
yBoBa aae C-Mp
op, IrIEe papyro. Bo l71 ltdzpou( Ii|)o:l:l dpd ll. ().
p poo oapy)I 1.l.r0 /.].i.5 zz. 'ltt'm- rlnrc1l,
Beaa TaT, oIx pa- op
yyp Caa. Hao
at yyHI a-
a oxpa a aao a- plap' oToBoo Bly 3
a (o. 1225 r.)' T Ilo,I{. BlpaeIl\,I oIIye-
cTaT|, poIiyTl oBaTop To IIpeTarT apo paa
yo' IIoa aTrpo aa r'p oo N,Iya poyva
Aa Pa. yypI (l296-1300' oo, Bp-
op y.BoBa Cop' o aaTTo) BIo oT-
Bep o. aaxo' a pooax o.
r IIrTaJIIla opeaa opo paeltI preI' fle.
aa. Hapo lra B MTp ol{oa op)ar t.p-
A paI opo a' l ypr aaJI. B aa
eal{ oT'lJI'I aTI1II trV a yToo o o-
' o epo ooT. I T llaaa BooBaT ra
C epr III a apo oTIt Mp. Hapo y-
yBI{a aaxa. Pa apa II (o. 1330-1335 .) oop
ypl yeprrr oItI B)e. opa opa)ae opo a
ao apo .I]'opvp pTlto op IreoBDI(Ito BII{y-
(o. 1280 .) oparar e)ao I. oaro rra Bar-
 o AH 269

&

e},t aax oo aaTpa oopo yalBa BoBe

opI(ae Bolvl alo}r opa- paI{oo yBa. Haoee
l\{ aIlo-eyLl J|I|IJ.r''NII"''. aTo Ioppye o Bpr
BIpaerr apo opa ap. Pyo p-
BIx ll.lltIx opot aIUI. o Tp-oe)e otp)
op'peo opa,elr pe MItaIopI, IIoI{ele eo
BIyJIa poeellx IV o- Io; oypI yp TaJr y-
JIe. apo yapa III Nr oor.
oooeo e Be- Boop:oa oe
epe (o. |377_|380 .) oo- yx oI{TppyIoT pyoI{' o-
Ba' Ilo' IIoMpTIIa Maa. aHIII ooo 1250 oa aao
Aa )olt ll,laIopa A. ypl paBeI{I B
Ira opo III ea r eo - III oax' tB)I(eI{ oJII
aIII pae. B epo pe paIr. oyto Booallo-oy-
III ea I{a oxo o - xoopeylo aopy oaIoT
rIIo yIeo poo[] opae, pltla JIao .
<Bveepo > jrro, voB. IoIIeIx ToIIIl,l o-
270 o AIIJI

BI{I |1I||I|1||. pe- otT a paIloo iap'

tlo o ) Bp paBepy - oopt BeTc yaIrI a-
o [IoI C.oaa. o aoo ro III
aoee pyo ypo a, Bto ypr polx
t op a oT opae oeI
apr (ro '(Bo
ap). Py- yIIIeI{oo opIa' a oeDo-
o Boeo oe <<cop BaI oaI}l rpxoa Br-
ao> (|250-|259, oo, Iip- ToeI{' a opayloT Booo
a y3) o a oyp- Io oo.
lr pylla
e oB- B po ooe IV a xyo-
o. Ha poe Mae a. )Blx epax opa,
pr peTaB oeo. aTIloT Hoe' oaa.
prI{rI p Maoo Iopa ap, o-
aIre. Ta;la xyo)Ira pa- ao arI{I{Ie porp g pIII|-
pI a,e B poTeIIIx py- a peoI{oo orp)a
ax a ox' o paloT oa- ox. aeo o Io-
ItI peIrTBe}lal a- ppoaIrI ,laypoB BIIIIo
o apaypI. I{3 poe epopo. BIo.
C yI,IrpeIl{ opoo It aTBo IllI{aIp Ie-
oopo Ba,a eoT .ap opoeBI ap" (o.
lta pa, oTopl paoa 1310 .' oo, pa y-
p III a. o aep e)59. BIal py B
(oo' aaeIloo paaa. ,e a Ta areltI o.
ypl B ITppoBaI{IlI ,r ItI ya oI4
l{oo )I,
I{o oa' opaI iUIo ep-
otepoBaltt ooo raT- olI yx ypyao pl-
o ro. B aropax pa apo o.
peyaIBa yo Bo opo IIoe IV a a
aa pT ao - ey or ap pI
TIopI; o aIlo IIptTae ore LIaooI oapoa-
<Aoao [y> (e> |254 rI e roTpaI,Ill,I'
12"72 rr., oop, oea lio- aoaIoL|NI'I e a.
), oopl o1l oeyTo B aoo BoII oy IV
po llv|Flvll. oT apo )al{p oppa.
epr o vep- opa Papa II Be.
III Bea Iat pop- Tepo aa (l390- .)'
l .a o e I{aT I{o- pTaroo Bo poao
TopIx pox Beepoo o pea opoo a-
aaa, oToIr oa B T' Ilopa)ar eTaBTrolo
Io,IIo pae. B aa a- opaa.
TBo PAH oa IIoa pa o
BToo Bep III ea. e a.
oBe puio a ottl e-
po B )tI TpaI{I. opa a
eo eoo oyapBa
ta opaa. p paaa-
a I{a p aooI{lx Il.
)eTB. o III a o oo-
aa aBToo opoo C-
po al, x, eap.
oo oloa' xoT o opao
TaJI p Bae.
Co oo yo Il
It{paTopI ypaT ooy ox
{ex pex eoao, la-
oy)IrI{oT ropoto. C 30-x
oo III a aI aa Ivte.
oo IapBa' a oa-
o plapo yypt. oe
opooB' oopIe o paBa
IV V ax, , Jgj3*j.tllo
ot{oeoo,+- rpa. B x
*-.
tl99*5jy9s.99, gsq-
J94.{
ol rII9e rtIII -B -Bx y J].P.y-
ex. pea .a Pa
i.pffia Ivraepa> oya
epa I},I poal4
Tpa' aII3pylo
apaBee, oB' aa-
oo ya. aa a p.
Ir,ra Tpll{a oee IIa
TIe pa. e a-
pa oy o eoo-
t' y|4 ' c1|k1|| a-
oTp lrpByIo BIpa-
TIIoT' pee opy ort.
TpaI' pil xo)eIII{I
opaa aaTyl' oa -
3apoaIlylo oyxoTBopeo T.
B oli o oee oeo
oorra apoI eaI
paI{I oeIx pyoB
-
o Bpy, opoo
175 Ilepo mu6em. rc. 1235-1283 zz. p6pz
 CTo PArI 2.7

pI' Bylx pIap- o xapap pope oe-

opeo. CI to e opl B ,yx pBa opo
TBp .}III g*a
pa pIloplroe p- - py-
o l{oBolt,ly lo paIx px p}i-(. |235-|25 r.')
BoB ya. o pIIIeIlo epB Ca ae apyp
a or yT Bylla yypa. (o. |235-|283 ., ar rprIlI
Apxeypa oofi@fii IV .). a a aaloT IlTo-
pTl o opo ooB Io oT pa. I{po
III . o oo p.rp- Tppe poa aepo' ao-
,Baa IIo IIpIIx op. I oeo aa. oo
a pyx )aax' ooBy oT- o oIa oItT pay-
eoo yTa epa o. y pyTypy <pa3B-
aa apxeTypa. e epxo o> TeI Tp ao
oo yorrBeo ee e a,1 paooItoo p-
I . Bopree orx a allea o ya pl{a
.)MeoB oo opa peyTaa' poooo(Ill
epaoepI xapap. Hee pay. ureoe porl(e.
poTr opIvtuI IIpBIo IIo poTpaBo' eppIor
opr glo-Pgg. a Ee o- rpBropI Boa' oa3uulo
TpyBIrIo Topo payo aIII' ayl ao
oT. Taol pyIe oa-pI' B) Bpx, a pt a
ypTI' par ap B oopax BIya aea' a po-
Maa ypa-a-a. a- TpaIITBIlIla yo axTe-
M epxooo a oy t ypoo opa.
Ilpel opr aeypa o oae oo IlIa
('P)' paa, oa pt payo oo o
eppoel x a. B ro a B pB Ca -
ype ooBy oopa, o e apype. a eeT IIpo-
BoBooo or oapa |2o9 ro- reI aII: errpaI e
;1a, l oo) pay a. Ir,te y ooI ep-
<[ao>. pB C epeo o opellrpoBa :ap. L{-
, opoI |2|9-|227 pe ot paBeIII
oax' e BIoe )raI llIvl prxeBepI ooIII{a}l
oa' o opopI apyar pL,IeI{o o3I{oT epBlo-
N{plro 2t(BitJltl TxrI yp- pa ooB' oIlIx o Bx )
.a BooB' poa apxl{T- Eea a \oaoByro toy. a-
.l.ypI t xpaa papyI.UI prrTor
eopo oI{pyBI{I
aBrBolu TI. JIa o pa ooe ae,
aM' poa o o op- o IIpo)aTBo eppa.
Ma' BJI al apo Booa a xop palr-
-
oopa, oIloBIIIe a opaora pI{-
p'1|J|lcTL|'1I
pao' aar xop Hay- .UI poTpaTy epI{o.
lyp. Hapyxt o xpaa r oe
176 oop o pe6pze-u.l,t".pcz, o, 1200-1513 zz.
 yTBoPAIII4 275

177 oop m mp. ote

1248 z. K

ypoBIlvl' e Bo paryx oo- oepyI oII)aI. pao-

pa. Teey opoy apxy- I{o llpopaa oyae e
pI IIoepBaJI orrIe yella- ToJIo aoap BIIyIIIIII
Ie o)opI oIII ya aoror paepa' IIo Bet-
eIII. apooo epeaa BIo:
Haoe pay pe a ooo paa
ooa oaaJI oot rte ooIx;.a paIx ypoIlx
xop Iroo oopa' )o- paoJlo(eI e xop. B apy-
Bo oopoo aaJlo 1248 oy, IIoM oI{e a'J o)aIlr o.
oop paype. oaell atx oBepxo e
Booro llppo}r t opaIlo pe. orroe-
a y)I( pa Aee, o- I{o B)II IIo epaJl 'xI'|-
ya r a}roBa a. Cpo- Bae lvtoo,I oBopIox o
e alt a( oopI oe, pya pyy peaIx apo.
ape Ce.[. ota - Cpayp petlle BKa o B
ea aa e oaB <.Ceo Po -
pal{' xop oxoo BII a- p). oparrvr a I
' Irppe opa pa- paoo' e JIaJI )at
ya a eIIl. Oa yx yyp _ payo
oop _ poBeII e}reo. Coop Cpaypre po-
eeoo oea..B pev rI c oa II ea. peIII
276 Bo PAII

17B ,eop pomoo. Kupnu. 1:25-

13a0 zi. IIp'a', epo m
- pue

I79 po m Mpu p Bue.

imepep' Hm 1331 z. om

30-x roo III a o ae o- a opre Cepoo g' aw:

Ba o lleer apa. oo op. Maepa pIro
..aa epaJrIx ee apxeypI oa oooe oBrB-
opea xapaep aaoo a- re:e T':,I| BIIyp epoero o-

aa oopa, oopr r aa . p oe xpyo' .'..""u.

1211 ro o llpory pa o e' IIpaTe Jlloa9ioopa-
eaxa. B loo-aato pa. oy Ipo TpoeBa;
r papao ooar- o(IIIe, popoaIlIe ea
IIoo oopa. o.reyto a pa- ]Io,III r apaee pyopr-
[4a Bo pype--pa 1o. III p opoe rlpa. ooy
l250160_l 330i40 .) ae Ioa ltpIta aa Ilpopra
ar oIIpaIII}I axypIII lpoe apxeypllI op.
IIIa)o' oopI pooTo lvlo- oa a ep epa oxpa-
I{oy oal{. a yvey eo oeo,
Ha po.oo epa' e roo aK ooT' TI{a
lo ao poItoo po- I{ Iloepa r Boeo I{aeII.
a IIppoIIoo a, XII oopeIlo poe BeaJI
Bea yopeee BoIIIe p. xyo(eBrl ie II paJrli-
B oxy oll Cepa pa o aypI opa pa
aa Beyr oaro pIIlIIIoo (rypoar p.r' BeIr
pora' papopaIIEoo eIe oa), pya a, op.
CyToPAII 271
278 vcco PAII

oaIIEIx po. C pee.

e pa oIleIIJIo ao.
oIoeII taHI4 opyan,l
ea,e. yo aT-
paJIa, oopo peIleBeoBe
ro oaoIlo y!l' poBo-
oaa talre ppoIlo pe.
Mapa yeIr Ilooa o
o)a' oII4lvI TaTo I-
Ba paIrI taII B eeo-
oyre oa paIIIIIloo eeplloo
ea,(a'
epo oeo ae p.
IIo apxeyp ooa
ooJlo rpeI XIII o [I
oIIaJI oeol,t II aJIIIr
paeo epoepal{x opo.
to' oeIIlII ae
olo. Paaoa opa oe.
eIx JI B opoax Cepo
epa aJIo)I( oao a
I yoIx oopy)Il. Bo
opo ooe XIII ea IIaeT.
o oepeo aarroo
aIloo xpao. aa
a op'(oaJla opox
oopax, o pxotle }roaIp-
e p )oJIlI aBIIIlt{ opa-
o aIIIDr' II oTopIx a-
ap Io Bl{ypeo po-
)aa I e e}ropae-
oy oIIaIIIo IIoIIIvraBIIIx o.
pooB pae Irylox
opello.
ae, ooaI llpexo
peo oe IlpIIo apx}re-
ype, ra epo Ca Mape
loee (P), oopo 1270-e oI
l pa pxeo a-
. Cpoe*lut }IaoI ap.
1B0 Qpo.'ezopue mrn'I
eypo Cyaoa: a o pa-
epozo.nopmna coop mpc- [I' aeJII op il{e eI!oe
pz. cu. 1230- zz. Boaoe eppI. Ho p.r-
 oPAII 279

oIvI a ooao )I(JIa

poe oeppoBa epBylo
oept ooIo III' a apL|-
TypIIIe rIl paapa
a pylro e oepxo.
pa ee oy)I( llp}repo}r
apxypI opox opo
a eepe parr oa
e,y o Opo.
oee eI epel{aop*
tyxo oaJla apeypa
pl{xox oaTIp p-
. e aBIIor ae ro
opooel{o IIa Ba{oooIe
eo xopa. MoaIpa ep-
oB B ope (o |273_1334rr.'
[P) aa pooI{aaJIII a
pxoo paa ooe
xopo' oopI e llooa-
oe aepee. B opxe
Pooe (P) ooeoo
xpa ooa IIooIIaIII a-
epIeII oor eo. Ha o-
yax ote oe B p-
o},I o Cepo pa
l papao al I"puY t:
Tpex1tI{}I laBepulIre2. . op
p o.r oyoBaJI (Mapep-
xr peray' P; xop o.
|25_|340 .). B opepay
aea po ropaIII
eello opaoe aao. T
oeoo aJIo opo-
oxoo,r xopa ooa
aea (P' epea IV .)
ooIIaeIIo yp IIpII-
o apxeype ooJlo 1400 oa.
Cpe pe oo poa ae
I]ealoa aapepx
paeype (P). C 1395 a
)oJI KpyI apxeop 1B1 uzoz. ezopuc mmr1
p pyep. B aeo eepLrozo nopm coopt mp.
apxeKyp pollT a Bo- voz. cu. 1230- zz'
 280 yoPAII

IB2 HepLvt de' ,em mmu

ma mp nm oo -
p o2o |1o p
p Mzdpze. Ke. . 1245 z.

twfuI po)aBeIIIIy Tpyy- Ca Map yp B o (a.

py ta'l o)ay eox' aa B 1331 .). yro IIIo B
xopoIo oopIx oro, ypo. )aoB aJIIIoo popalrBa
tlJI alrpoy xopa. B aap te}ro)I{pyT oalla o Bopo
paorr otaBa}I peorlre oJloe IV ea aypxe
aJIIII epalvl' oopr I Hropep. epp xpaa oa-
papopae B pyx aTx a JIoIloIo' Boeopao y-
parr. B pype ([P) a a- oro. B Eapy)Iro o
I xpa ra o)oella - ta aTJIa eIIII'
ea Ceppxe (|218-|400). yBp,BIIIa lloeoeo
epep oao epB apeypr' poBooaT
Ca ay Pereype (IIaa. apxypl op ae a-
a |229-|230 .) BoIIae a II1.
ya IIpoIx poTpaIIeIIIlI O IIoeIIx orx oe.
ee' oxBaeIIIx o eee- x oopo pa I opo-
o, aoap oyplloy xapa- e e (|77-1529). B eo o-
py apxeypl{Ix aJIe' ooo- taHI4|| lIpII yae eIII a.
o e. pavrro apxeyp- rTIx e!{eT apxeopoB'
IIoo pya Bo Iloo ollprtea oopI ollpet Bo op-
eoT oIIopotlo Iry)ee- o xaparp lreeoo or a
o popaBa :Uro ep xIv-V eo. B aa po-
 I

oPAI{ 28|

1B3 Mpzpu m. Cmm d-

ozo op' coop Hpz. ,\-
m.. K,l,te. . 1250 z.

ea e paolJl apepI' epe' III-IV .). B apxeyp

|392 roa x }reI{JIll px Ir- ol arri llooBa-
I{eIIa o III' ae aIIe pa- a oI )I(oo )oe-
lzlpI ypxap ep, a Ba' a I,l o)eII,I lr{oaIp-
oe V ea aBepIJI oIIoIlo o pa. a )oJI
aey ep. Haar a a- yeo}r oIx teoa opll-
Ilali rpo, oop xor )o- aoI oopy(Illvl _ -
ea pop opy a. ee BIIyIIIeIIIIV! Tzl eIII
aat aa eo opeJle I- ar; Eyp yeIla o
oa aI axyplrI luapoil,t. tBopBIx''(!lIx y,IIIx
B Iv V oex ,eIIurIIc oe, B Iv-v eax a-
yeI B eo apxy. aIa oIIoBI oppoarl
pI. Poo opooe )ol{eo' opo apxeyprx aa-
poto)tUlo Botelle aIoB, e. lr' aIIo IIepoI{aaIIo
poIITeBo tuoo. Cpe opo- oopa pIIIoIIa oa. Ta-
x opoe opoa po o- ot aa oopa eepp-
eIIIx a payl' opoIx e pype' pIoIIa JIoa
- Hpep o aelll <pe-
oo' o, exayo, o-
. Poa apoa oaaJla paIII}r oao> (1 385_ l 39O'
axepoo' o Tpo ar- oyeaa oea a
Ie }ra (<Haayp-xay> HIop- yypa epe)Ia pa B
282 co PAI{

|epa o opo p III ea.

Coopa ee opaoo po
to oyorllo e Too pa-
|4 o II' I|o || c\.
alle B oTo yxoo
)I{ TpaI' e B o epo 3a.
Tyxia pIapa yypa' a -
pr e I IIoTaBrIII o
oeI{. R pa, Ulo -
a, oaoaJlIe IIrpeI
I pear alo. Cpe-
ol Ire IIo Il oa
BoBe I opooell a -
eo-pooIx oaIIIx .
x. Cxoaa Ile opa y.
Beo 3 pa ao
rIIe' a o pa.
eMeo Ml o apapo
aa epeTra I{Ta' oTopa
oa BpIIIl aa.e IV
eKa B Top epa ap-
a' B yoBx eo, a
IrByaoe pBao
BIIIa}Ie x yTop.
popar eex yTyp.
I o orpI' e o
pa. o aaIlI' eee
]81,l,ii ,tp. Pt,t|l lttprli,i
BaI oe poa- npczpdt n)lzo p otl1lu
pre. B opa Tpoe - I'Ipz. . I250 z.
o yTypl a pI a
BITy epI p a-
paepoT. t paIrI oop x-
opaee
oBI opae. .raI opa paea oopa,
I opa paIIIr eo ooa- oopI x pIer o-
o aa,l oax, axo- Tpo B (eI poa op-
lII B opeo - a. CyTopI aTp Ba
o pa. B o p a roee c^raTvl perI py-
yya Cao rop oe opaM,.Ie. t I{a
Iiao o Ba Ba- ypaa oe palvlaeo
IIpyIoo l{apa, Cpa- pr <e ooaep'.
yp ooo 1230 oa ava;ra pao. porla ro )a-
aT arpa' opI{IIIa ypx aeo oo oyo-
IIIapTpx ay. apa BopIIo p ao a-
 yo PA 283

pylo opaa. o opoa paepI o S-opar

ByxaIloo opTaa yTaoeIII tvl ea IIoy Boe ByaIIe
yp Top(eBylo I{p a)to ay: y ep o
oBep'(eo Caro. a ae- -
tB)eIIe opo oIryo ooBI
a' eIIIa IIIpoor eooeoe opya' oe Cao Bya o-
ooBae' IleoIlopao pBe. pe ope.ur ece. y
UIa B aer Ilx aTe- I.{ep oo, aaro
e. Ho paypa pyIla BIt- pIM aa IIa pae
II9T JIo ool{aoro aa- ype yovo. Ap Ca-
a., CotI IJI ay o Io, o oaIII{oo o
papI oll)ao yIIIIx o. peol{pye e eJIa' B ox
o. BIBeII ae. a- vlllr eo py, oopo r-
284 BoPAII

1 85 Bdu. mm oop pz.

!,ern,a. K.te. td 1230 u
1237 zz.

186 Mpzp pd u ezo t m.

mmu ndozo op(l coop
Hpz. K-+le. . 1250 z.

aalo paJI aea. Cpa. aepx

IIo tlo oaiIa y
yp ay paallpy arpo a ,aEpooy xapa-
paeIoee x po)ao' oy. plroy. Ho y axoo p
xoop rpeoe opa- yopoB oIIa oJlya pa3-
. Ilppa paIy- IrI oIIo. Aop <<Cparoo y-
opao a }Iaepa aep- a> - paa' oopI aop-
a. "ara> yTypa IIIoJIa, eT opaI o poa. Cyop
pofififr;;i'i ; pari*, d- <<Aaolx BpaT> oJlee rp,alt'
aa paoa oope Ca ep o yT ee 3IIaeEIe o-
y eop a,e ooo 1230 oa. paI. popaa IIopaJIa Ia B-
Mapa aBepIII yypy aa IIoe opaIIIIvI
topaI *:oo opaa>' peMa 9IIo. oer o-,
oeB .B Mae KoIIoIo par epxa I[ o rt
..Cparr y>' oa y- yyl oeBe allooo
py Bpa>, a Bilyp xpaa po, Aao o II oKo
"AaoIx
oIlJI opa <Ba- poaBo ooae xpaa' I{o
a>, ap at. B ap- oBIIIIo llaeao IIa }Iepy)
oeae -Isg.gqYj J.-TyJl.-g IIoTy opo !r po roa.
p-:y.l9-+rY"-11T9y--9.l-?9-.l"Y.9"g-e-e Coa .Aaorx pa> r
opaIII{I' aTy IIpoopeJI a. pyo Bopo IIoIo.
ooeIlor ae. Jloao- opa oaerx Aaa
 CBoPAII 285

286 yo PA

I o eI oBaopo a ot raJIIIo oopy,IlI

ptIIrBoo yyp. aaxo. B yp apBel{Iloo
Tpe yop' paoar etoa ( BT opa,e
aep, o.I cTaTl,l aplt ll ooa I o la ooa II)
at oryro ypy opyTl ooo er
<<Baa>. ayaIe o)- Bepa Bo.
oo ooeoo a ay Bopo pyr yypt a.
oa.UI BoTB papor- }IIl arypa _ ay pay-
III opIto oo)ee o. IlI lrepayIlIx rB a Ilopa
y XVII er. x aop xo- oopa (o. 1245 .). x cT|l a-
poIIIo I{a yypy Pa. Ho ae pIue)yoo oo)er
eo paoe o-lloy paTaB- )y ap poBeII-
eI arI. B pye "Bp, I{ opeolr' Hayypo
a ept aII BI opa aTpa.
aI. aor o Aa aaoo xopa opa
poao Bt|yTp p' - Hayyp ([P) o B a,ro
paI ao popo.ra. He o l240-x
ao BIIoeB TaTyI a-
- Ilaae 1250-x oo.
o ailrIa ol{ o-
IBJI <<B>>. oe oBopT o BIIIt|II a Br
<.Ba>'
-
ao aa]IoIla xo poTeBa |to
ypa p pl'x ay. opvo Ito' oB.
,(o op yo opI o To' r aa apxTopa
oo oa opara. Ba I ypa. a orIlBo o
Bool\{ Ba' opoa a ooBr opMo. Hayyp a-
oBo BeT B yTyp o. Tep porrl oy o pa,
or apoo oa. Ho eI o rIlo yIIIr
o Boey opaoy ty <a- TpIvt oTla Aee
p aIl> yle p, Hao. B ae oxpa[I
u opar BoBa - pael oo, to-
paopa. o r oa o- o o aepo. ap paoa
eoo pIapo pay- Il oIl - oapyxIlo oo
pr. B, rTyIoII{ ypMe- Iloepo B peax o opa.
I tr' poIr aepyt o I. B 5o_60- oI III
ay paBoKTr pIap- ea ayypa aTepa po-
x poao' eoIx <<Tp- o)a Bo TeIIo Me.
aoy peopaoto eII.
a roro o. a I.{ ay Hyype' oT.
o oIe'6l. p ga Bce Boo(I{Ie pooI
[pyo l ot oyMeT azlo' B eo pTar y-
peIleBro r oa Mae- tLIIIII BM. op aaro
p ([P). na,eyp a- Baa yp oaopo' 1.-
rr" (o' |245-|250rt.) I yao- ' ooa xpaa. A.
e paMa a ltloo o- Taplry Ilppay eTp ypa-
- -
 CyTo PM 287
[Ia) peeI opaxel{ IIepoa) o opeI{.
TpaT pa pa aIIooB
op
- I|pvt Bxo B
tt{oyeTaI{or <<Pe>
a aopa.
- pooapoI a' <Tao -
Mape kIoa,o|t o opolla. vep> opaI7vIe 3a Too lao
oo oopT o oee y eT 11 IoT' pyt x IIapaIr
.tooex popa.
oa oru ol\,t; aIIIax
IToBeBoaIIe o pTI{o IIyT - -
poa a62.
pa
- ta Ilo Baa c |.
yp pooBIl ooy o-
Bepra aypo na
-
ypl toaopo. o a
paIra pxo)aa' B opoy pteBroB po oppo
a (ep y, oopao apee' oopa e ra III
pyo yxoea). Bo- Brr aao o pa,
a- ypI ol{aopoB _ Boxo.
a llreo pa paoB
ao pa. paa' pt
l\,Io)o oBopT o opTpeTo B
allaoo xopa a '(o oo- oIlolvl l\-tIe oBa: IIepBo-
I ToBaa o,r ooBae xpaa yp oe e
opeoIvr olea. r o a oTopaTa e o oo' a o-
olu{rll yx Ilpopa IIpo- BtII|c x opar. Ho yo)I(-
a ooroT eoo oe- y o Mpo yao o-
oo aa: ooaBe' a I{ a p BIIeaTIoll p
paB )llo o ooe. a. eoBerx To' epaT pa-
aIrI xop papIar pe oopae TrpaToB yIIrB-
e}I a ya oI - Ix oTo. ^Iea, I{aIla B
apTrTo. ep Boae a o,Iro pae' Bappye l llpo6-
aa eoro p po. ea Ily opay po. -
o, peI po' y- op t vyr oal{Io III e-
TypI oao,r. .[oaopr B op a. floaopo ao poIIII
ptaro atl o o y. Bper yIITopI I a
o' o oBpeoB' oBa
- al orl{le B py-
I' o BIoT py poBoIIo- o)I oe ox oJlaa e-
o)l{o py pyy. Cooae- oe paepI Ta' a.
e popeo Hayype xapa- Bopao TpaoBlo x
Tp Iooo opaoo o- BIooe peI{rBroe' paae
TpaTa. eBaex rax IIy IIaaI IIa e' paa,(-
IrpI{o pyBy al{o- Mapa' oopr eo Iae a-
llI: BeBrye opIIIeI{o e oal e. H-
pa poToo p oB. ToBo opeeeT opa pB-
ex pae; aIla )aoT ItoToo paotoa o; e-
r ooaBa yoIlIlvl axoI{ al pa
oMe rpoBI{a; B Be. Hayoe o ao-
"Cye aa> yop ye e- o To o pa Ia
paT o)I(yro IIIy poTope- eepaI{ aBI{a. ee-
tiIx yIIIrBI{Ix r. o. a ao a epyp, opy)e-
288 Bo P

1B7 Xpumoc c oo. !'peo. .

1330 z. epu-!'e, oc. tu

II patylvle oByapea T BeBeIIa op-

ea, opa etvlpaell op a. pya exapa r -
o epeyIlleo llopo Iloeo paoa aI{oo ae-
oe po paa !pxa. pa, e aoru ooo
or oK aIIa xopa * opa eaJI 11 peaI{o o*
apI{I pyI a epxoe o a- , a opa r _ otllo aI
I xpy. Cpaa o xota pe- yox lvllloopaIlIx o o-
aerrI e pa e- a. pya ..PaTr'' plr xo-
xap o a, ea - pa e B xop o IIoepyI paa-
exapa '(ra
epa eo ypya aoo petBeaJla e-
Pa. e o o)ao pexo oo a paB I{e-
ooaBIlr xapaepI ll,lllpa- o oo yypr.
IlI' eooy epay po- Bopa ooIta III ea poa
Boo ypoI, ,ty)t(BeI o IIaoM ypaI IIeJIIIo
xatl{opr exap ya- opao. Cay a aaIlo aa
Ba' )I(Ilrpaoa Pa; po- opa Cpayp (ava |27,7 r.)
ooo(IloIo e oIlope- BoIIpIl Cepo pa
el{o exapy peae a, ol{o oaopo,rIloy
yoo yByloa Tpe'eT|Ia ' TBy yp. Ho a rreeo
 To PA 289

1B8 Pnmue. flepeo. 1304 z' K,

plto rlm fu{pu u Knumo

oBe o ypTya3I{I ypa- e ooao oyoBope-

T BoIo opaIlo' paa a I{oIo. B apo IV ea o-
Br aooeIe eI _ tyxo- poa apaepo opa'(e,
o Irapeo aepo a- oTopa oxo oa o IraTypa-
JIaI{Ilo. oee aBo a. Taoo apo IIoa
oIIpreJIo T yypI xopa ppa o orroe (o l352, -
oro oopa (o 1322 .). ep, oop).
Hore ypI oIIyT B o- B Iv Bee }Ia e rl{e-
IlIx Jla{ax oeII. oIe a B )aTo ex Io(e.
aI{TeIlyI Ioy' o epI- o. oa xapaepoaJla pe-
IIpopaB xopa. I]eI
- Bo M peo o-
oee oeopar oaaJl y oEao BIpaeIlo _
eiuopiIIlo aT, xo oa poal{o aollIlo
Ta) e eraa poopev. oopaeo opyl. H.
Aop apo areIroo p- ota o(Ie oo B
I{o/{a (1283, epo Carr eop, otIro ype pyr.
Ipe) Iil eppaoa Cyypa IroB opeooIla
oIII oIIyIlT.lIIo a aTape. ag: oeJIJI
cToeTI4, IIaoII Bo poe- o I' 11 BaooIloIIIIl
290 yBo

apxTeypo po yo,l(- pIe aTap

- oepe, [o-
. pa (P)' apera'
JI IV ea
B epa all xa- yTBo oTopIx oo o-
paTeplrI ot{I paroo a- Iloro aBTa V Vl e.
oa pa a pTe B B ax.
(pBa )3> Hea )Bo III-IV -
- Tptlo o- o oo Bp.lt4 oTaBaa pa-
o. oo pao-
o TBoa po IaIo o o. By I "yat>
oa x . lo p. T' poolIIIr pyo oxpa-
o].ro o pa o a ylo opaTy' oT-
pa ppTo ao Ea Ie pa ooTo. pt o
Mo)o Tr (*Pa ae p) oaTIp
Toppa", o. 1300 ., px I{Tpl. C laTp
, poB Ca Co y a a papopaT IIo
a; .PaT> B p Ca rp pe) BpTo o
ap ao , 1304). opo ooBI IV a. -
H r pao oI Il B )o III
pyI oaa (<Bep- Ba aeT aa,I{IlI oa.
"). o opararo apro x. opt 3l a-
TBI po a ox. ,(pa_ }op ypoT' Ta oe or-
arylo ap)eoT pyI r JI. 3a
oepaT oa opoIt. Tppoal pyo 3-
aJII{o BpiUII{o paooIr- laJro tl oo tpao
I{I . Ha roe epa, a- )BoIIIioo v|, oo B a-
, opIM t pyI I pyo oIlvl I,r-
pa aoToo oao, o- a. Ha pt a oI{I
opa.r BoxoItr I oaet o Ix>'
Tao ep. IlpIraIiarItl Mp o-
Cyypa IV Ba I{arIlo tep)a ooI{Ie k|-
otlTppotsaa oTpaTy po-
roTpa' a a] <epao r-
oo aI|vI>> _ aaJrI
TBooo)oT epe)al{ pa
IIIlvl o ox _ o TaT- op x eo. Oo-
opo eI yxoBo 1300 oa r IroB p-
(po oao) BIe aoBIe,BoI po-
oaoo, yroo paa BrIt' oeItI lta epe. o
("Bp"). B epBo oo- oaaJl llaao epoa I{oBoy
BIte xIV ToT oB Ta paBT eo,Bo.
CTBo B poopoM pao y-
I4I7 OPTAJI. o lII IV o aBBao
^I1
oTA B.r^ ev yo' Top-
x I{ yypIx. B a po-
o)a o opooB' po
aopa Topo' apo)iUI
rpBI pa aTiUI-
oo poBoTBa. B a po.
xo IIoeIl pa, c
aBpaM' op ooIlo
Bpa)ylo oaa oo-
poBaa elrp:Ia a. B
Tx yoB payo oBIII-
to opIlTo o-paIroy.
B a, oTe opr .
aT B olloBo yToBo o-
o' pa)alla apxeTypa
o.II ao Bp-
o pot{o pao.
Haoe payv
pooTa oaa opr a
T|I||4. oao aT yo
B|4 v| o oeI{oo a,
I oTrIII I{aBI' o-
aJIa cpea ooo -
Typ BeJI oppeBI papa.
oayro o pa olpy-
y xr},ry opaTBoe pa.
Bo. r ooI
oa r a,lz, 1'
I{a oxpaa Bor . oo-
o oo;e p B Tpa oT-
pao I{a apB poIllx
a. op rrlr BI
a rpey ea oTopa,a
too, oao oppoao
Teo; Topa' BIIyTp Ta
opy,aa aTap paI oa-
o.pao.
pyel aI{ oopa
XIII ea iL paI ypo (a-
a |22| .), Toeo (a.ra |226 r,)
o (ava o. 1255 .). o-
292 CBo AIl oPAJI. oTA B 1I.-]I1I7

|89 o6lp o. . 1255 zz. XV.

-
 CTo |^114|1 or. oTA B TNI|1 29

oop oIlo aore o. . t oa B IV e opa-

-
IlIx apMoIlIx alliI c. pollo apxT-
al{o oT. Ho o paIIIo po. B V BopI paa
poBt eepopay o B opoy y peI{Ie apI'
apxTypI I{ oyaT o- DypIe oa' apatr aol.
a po il{a' aa a oroy poe, IV e
po opoTJ'II{Ix e. a- cagl epr)aa or -
aI IIopT Hypa Cop a opaa aTa. Byru-
aa (|270-|280) BopooT I parpo oaJI pea,
oIroBlly xey payx o- oopI oe yTypa
ex opTiLoB' o oTaT ,Bo. B Bae, Apao
)apoBI oeopaM paoB aao To pe paoaa
yp a o . o- pylla xy,o)I{oB' BopIIIx
oTro )aI po Tpo. oIT .UIo o rol.
Ba oopa eo oo Ho ro au pooaa
oxpal{T rtIlTBo aIa. Ha- oopT a oeo Ie'
poT' ypo Too o- psa, poa o pyy'
r opo, poo,aBIII- oa opooy oBeBoa-
pye>ra V VI o, e- Io' oa TJIa arTI{I Bre,r B
EaeIe Mr B IIepBo- eBpoo yB. T xe a-
ar alr' paB aII )I(- Ta oTaIoT ay aTI-
BoIII{oT. py III-V o. apaTepIe
B aao|l paBlle oToo pI papr o py-
yBa aa;Io B o III e- o <<eo opo A-
a. o ropTa o pa- oa ypoo B T J|r a-
rIo ae pra aTaII- p> (|27 5-|284, copa, u vlo.
x opoo oyoa Ty apx- a), ,e oaaI paoopare
TopoB eIroy vt o oop- oI capl..
oy poTpaI{TBy pea' oo. '(Il
B opya' oopa oe aIle-
po o{epao t o o. o arpIII poTI IIep,-
tlI. apaepI aao aJIa III e pt rpo
ool ep. B pxI oro paB.,I, oa oJIa
oopa apT ar , oo- papopaeIl oaIpo
I Tpo' a pao' y- apxrTypr. B oatpe Aoa-
. Bo BeIIIil,l o aI py- I' pae2aBIII TepaI{-
Ix aTao oopo ape- a' poe epB aaap
o (aa 1298 .) op a- (||48-|222) oil p/Ilorrre
a I{a oTpoBe Maopa (ava Tpo opa xopoIo opao-
123o r.) poaaro yve aoo oo a,I. Ha po
oeI BI{yIIIea opx- IV ea orBo polt I{o-
oT TI{. pylo pally B To- BIe BIt. opo a o
pIo ao apxypI Ba- eI,l popaTBIlI, a.
pa)a opo aao- py)III eI ypar aeo
294 vlccBo IIAII OPJI. oA B ITA]II

peo. I.{epo oarp Caa

apv' a Bop aa
(l388-1402) IeeT oII p-
III teopolu eI ollo B-
oo a,I.
B a oa oaaa y)e.
poIlIM o. E oee !Ia-
rat, orIr llpya.
, yep)r.a tIIaIIa' o-
pyEa oa e l op-
11l. la aepa. To,
vo Ceep otaBaJI aIIe' ag
Booa B oe' Moyx ep-
190 oop Opmo. d. 1310-
1330 zz.
ax ,[a, apxeo}Ie Be-
ao e opaoB o <oe. 191 o6op u. IIm 138 z'
 TBo v|^|Iv| IIoPTA. oTA B III1 295

IIo Ko,IetI,r>. Mp aJIIIx o- I ea perer ra

po"gP:-o9y4p'; oIlIx ep- Topoy yaIIIla' oopI
oT Il(e l' o"pa ' xlv Brr a peao JIo.
ciirfr"'de, liio aJI oa- paa, o poopee r IIa-
BiIo eTo ealle. a IIe oo B cTatIl aoell' Ilo
BooBIII ,II. flae peTaBelr o eoee a e-
TpaI' ya ilepoBello opa- p BJIeEIIo' J| oopoo p *
IIv| vrTaIlI' BIIyIa o- o aella teTeIIo' ooIla-
IIIe yBpeo B ). I{o JI, o IIo. B x yoBl{x II oo
e, IIa I o oo r pe o pool aBoBa-
oreo eeo. payoo oIa. oe-
peo;*{ IraJIo y- e opI e e eee IV
ypI r. III]e. Co opo oo- oe poEII ay
t oi oa lUIa a}roo apxeypy. x pappaelle
oepr)a oTaIly py. pellee ByI o e-
296 cBo Ai oPA. oTA BT^'1

pJloo xapaepr ootIIIl opax o poy flxoo |334

op)all.'y Mp B ajlo y, o aTe pBoaal a-
yypr. Peoa apoo- MI t pa ao
Tpa Tl\4I pIa apopo pavo Tae,
oT Ir,IoMe B o)I{o prT- oopt aBpIII ooI{Io Il
Ir' yMa oBoBa . IIIaTpo' a MaBI apo' -
o, )ar BrIry ara IIIB ee eo e yp,oT.
epBoaaJloo xpaTBa - o B pa patlo
pI{r o ae. Coop paoT o-
)oItoT
opo (aaT 1290 .)-y ; aypo orx o-
oa ao yoo py oBoa Bralra
apxTTypt IV o. orp- paollly T' o B oTa
or aIIr poo,aJlo pa po xpo pao e-
paexpax a a- aM a o.3a)-
poBr oTpITIx TpoIx I apaep. 3lo ao
oIITpy. B epp oo- oyT fiop o) (roro
TByIoT oypyI apaI' pI |lopo l309-|340 l .)'
apa topoM opyI aa oopoo yxpo
opoiI. o rI aypo apa papIo B-
aore Te aoII a allopao opoa. oy.
IliII{Ir al pa p opoo
aa, a oTopI l3l0-l330 o-
ax paoa ee opeo aa- a Bop oTopI oT-
It' Ilo,o I opTI B o r opl. B C aao
opaBIIoM aT: oToor-
o ( l298-l309' yp
|25_|28, arr 1338-
I I' arrr, oo-poa - B- Bop - -
o III pau pyllo a |349) co oyTI aa xa-
ooT. our o paTrprM pylro ooll opal{-
Moa e or opI{y y o. B a paT
ootlo->ot xapap aIo op,eBeI{oT oyxoT-
aaa aa. B Toa, B ep. Bopro. a ep aI a
ByIo orpet o ope' apa pollKa IIo(. Coop Mae
Ta , aeIlo' BI Ba- (aa l386 .). B oopo
N,IoeT oIx IIx a- a oae"|c oap a-
e al. B p Caa po ao' IIIe yoaIto .
(aaTa |295 t.), ott oopo oT oTpy. opara o-
BIBaI rII},r Apoo Itl paopI paIIIIt o
ao, IlI praor oepa- IIpeel{oTIo' ll{oTp a
apo oop o BOTB o. MoBo BpaJItx
. Coooe Ilrprpa ar. o yypa
B,y o pooprea- all III-IV o oe p-
Eo xapaTepa alr,l' aa I1ITI{o' eoTp a Be oT-
aal{a oopa Caa Map I' IIpoaaJI nT|I y Bo-
op ta aaa oex po)I{.
CCTBO TPAI{ C III o aJIa -
TPAO. CBPHo a Ba)yl po B Bpox
BoToIIo BPOI ea. BIoo lloo)e a Top-
oIx yTx pot, papaoa
ppr pyrroB oooa-
oooy oey pa-
t. opIto BxoBIIIa oTa
pao lNIIIepkI, oa ra
av aL{ooTI{I opo_
BToIr4. Blr pae pIr-
oo ex pI a IV
oe. pae IIIoo opo-
apa | 1341 oy pa
l\,IpaTopo o IIpIl ap-
a IV
-
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oy BoBIIxrIo TpaI{I BI-
)}I pa o py-
IIIx yypIx IlTpo Epot. B
1348 oy l ooa par
yIrBepT, pI I.{pao
po. I.{eapaeI{a r-
o apa IV ooa opT
pa yre xyo)eeIe
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oa oTa eI B
epo p III a. prxoI
po poo)il o avaa IV
o' oa ta o,Ka
poaa IlpIIoT t. B o-
atpo p C (o.
1300 .) o poTy epI pa-
o payo oopo o-
.
pyo poTo IV
paBepl{yo pa, BoI{
I{aTI{I apxTTypI{Ie o-
opy)e' oopIe oI{IIte pe-
}oT o. B or
oT apa IV otyo po
Ipa oI' poeelrlrIe Bo
pa a, oaI a.
Bopo Ao. B |344ro
flpa oB pay ap-
298 To TPAII TPAo, BEPIlo BoToo BPoII

192 o6op . Bul. 1341-13B5 ez. mepep' pz

 o PAtl EIIPAJII{o, EPI{o BooIIo BPoI 299

I93 opmpm t udo. K-

' 1375_1378 zz. pz, o6op
c. Bum

xop a Appaa. o eBoBaBIII paolro pa-

IIJI aee aBIIoo po- yo xee a pa-
pa ep pep(' Eao o, oxoo xopa BeI]o ae'
aaIIBI IIpeae IIae- I peoe a, Appaa.
Iloro ra apepo. C e- o eo pyoBotBo}r I o-
e apepa aEo oa eI oI{oBa e xopa allea-
apoa oa p Bay M}I oIlI oxoa. oe pll
(135'7_178). Heoeo oe- Ma ep apep 1353_1399
e eo yBa Ira apyp otax' a ae eo IIIo Baa
Tro ep (IV .) Capo ll |399_|419 roa aBplu
opo; a peea}I pa ap- Tpoeo xopa' )Ioo llopa-
p)I( po epoB . apapI a Tpaea oryro a -
ya-ope (1388-l547). C.ro o aI. ov ytaJlo oa
o arrr a apoo oy aaIlolvr a oyellr
a oIIoyII apyp- Breel{Iloo' eJIIIoo o-
IlIlvl oBo pan appoBa- I{oo popaBa' oII
I IIe oI{ llooe ox. oapeliI oopa oe eI{T-
pyeI otae pa ap- paJloo a. HoIa opa
ep,a ro oee ooo lop, paoo,ee orx
a oopa . Ba pa)o ooII oa ep JIoo ap.
pae. a oopa . Ba, oo- KaI oxoa oaa BeaIIe'
300 yo TPII To' Ptlo oToo.BPoI

194 Mmep Todopu. . epou"tvt.,\-

po' me'nep. lo 1365 z. pz, H-
uo|'tI zepe'|

195 Bopeceu. Konouu <Tpu,t-

oozo mp>.,\po, mj4n.
p. . 13B0 e. pz, uo
2(mep

To oa Bepxlleo pya poto)a. opI a Ir3 Appaa p ap-

eI oorx eo: 6al- pr)' apr pyIreIIIr
UIIIor talle yooo a. o6.66ffie - ox _ p.
o ep' y llpo)a- raJIeII e oo Bo apxe.
a xopa ooBoBao pIvlr- Typo' IIo e rrre eI{
IIe raoo Boa. aepo )BoIII ypao63. o
app: IIII yIIypIII pyI eopaBI{I arra
ror eI{oB opoeo a- BIoa ee peoIIIe
Bo ae apo IV, oaopo Io(I, oopIe t par
""pot]r-(paoo'(e-
?"o
xpa,la orpI{ BeI{o opoe-
I{I
irepee pop), a arre o a. BepIa,ooo
apo IIIx I{,l3e opo- ypaa apla allea
JIe
aIIeJIax xopa (1365-1385).
-
. pea B toolre (1357-1365).
o poyr aoo Be Cer IIat Iryo aoBeoB
eoo oapBa' . ropt(a ypaulaJl aIoeI{}IIe B paI
*,$$9{eo.Py..ITYpl9--"-.p""-
aoIe poee a prBr
.eo
I IIyaJIIIoIo }I.
."pa l iepa Toopa
t'di;;iI- iopi
"
yI{o. Toop
apepa oope . Ba ta
- aep oy-
e y)BeI{o o. ro
allea . Baaa (|362*1364). E'e BIe )I'y ap(o By-
eI ypalrI aopI ao- peI{e (IiIo' y x opeaIe'
Bea poIIIo' a ) a a- eo otpoaIlIe ypI,
IIeI aproo alvra Ie py' pyIIIe rpI a.
- a.
opoo ptrll apa IV o roeIla 3ByIIo pao-
pao (aore 1348 ., apxe. ooae opaa or-
I{o a,Il\,II
To TPAI{ o' EPI{o Booo BPoII 30l
302 o PAIi IiTPJIo, BPo oollo BPoIIl

l96 puuti om. . 130 z. cpdu XVI . Kpo

-
 To ]TPA}I TPAJII{o, BPI{O BoToo BPOI 303

tllylo yxoIry epI. Too- B ero )Bo BTopo oo.

p aL Bo Mo p tBop' l IV Bra Be or BIIa-
I <<eI aTpo>> pa)oo r yo 3yrIo peirIro
paa xy,o(o' opoBoa )' yya IIxooe-
Ilepaopa Bo B o opoa- a IpaToT opao.
oo oe P. B o o- aeI ao III o.
po o oBo oo) xyo)a o )BoIIoo yBa TaJIa
l] yxoo oTBo ) po ap yapa -
bipoI IV ea. oo ayoo oaTIp
l]arI paeo eIo )o- <Ha Coa" a. Po a-
1340-x I.ooB TaIIoBT Tao. T po oT Ilo (-
Rte Ilpoe. Bo a a- o rpI oeT oee
.l.oo pa paoT
o <Blt- I{l{Byapoaoy poBo-
po aTap> (o. 1350 ., paa' IIpTIo oa Ba. aa-
Haoa .rrep) I o)ee tltoo y.
"aa
Maoa> (o. l350-1355., p- TBa 9oo pll,t ao TBopTo
/{a, oyapt y). apa <Tpreooo aTap>
oa poe oalalo' tlTo (o. 1380 ., paa, Haoa a-
x apa Ia aoa )Bo p). Tpreo ;o
TaI{oo pro. <aa yo) yox -
I{Ix
Maoa>, aala oruyro pra. B ax e-
p eIIIx )BoIIIlIx o- ax apT yIIa ooaIla
par ooaep lV-V - opa, Bao(.TB oB
.B' I poo oMo- pap|T oTpt opa-
, ooo aIIIIeI{o- t o' oTopoir4 ao o-
t p. Bl po t Iae eoo o-
(:o o)l apTeyptlI o- BT. a oa)T o,a
Ba' a oopo oea a- o opTpeTo oTopo'
lla, TpaoBa oTpal{Teo. aa yBB I{o)eTBo paa.
[3 y apa <Blrepo. -
. o r aoI{iUI-
l.oo iUITp> Til olT - I{I oToe' oopIe Bo
(lTarT a oTro ap,e}rylo I{ay B o.
/(Bo' paaur ep ' oopT eo peeo aI-
A. B <PTo po- . flopyT To' a yTo
lt0>
'
oIlo 3 yIII TBopo iIap. o, aelo par
lI() o}tol1l. BeJIa )Bo BT' To' a BIIlla rI{ op'
(.()Il oro e rTeo eI. popao
yp
lIo-prBoBoy yoIro a- paox MaTpa |o, oo ep-
(.1tI ea)M. vyr ;to l yxrpIl' o e JIo
ll() pa}oT p oM o py- r pao 3o peo.
Il() oypl, pa- B <TpIoo aJlapl>>, eivfoT-
t pIl,lI ToerBo o. p a eTI oo ara'
llpoB. oao oo Mey .
304 yo TPAII TPAo, BPo Bootlo PoI

l97 Kome Poldm ozopodul.

mepep. . 1350 z. Buu

198 Kocm . . 109*l350 zz' To-

p

a ooeoil,ry' eo- IIpoBaI{I' ypI eoI. oo-

y popay. [oBeIIo' o o ero MIIaIopI a-
yoo ol\4ooIIaJIIto ooIIIe oee oo paI(pI <<y-
prooo apa Bey: o- Bo II>> oeIIII Iia
-
xpaB BoJIKy aIlo' oI{ Cpler (ooe |364 t.,
polla ya yMa paa, Haoat ye). II{.-
a oe tyxoBlloo aUIa, o pl l eop Ieoo
otIIopDrIIo oepy o- <lr Baaa IV" (o. 1390 .,
ll,lI. Bea, Haoaa oa)
oe ya oope I ooI{I IIpIIa <pe-
to tI aaJl po paoo> I|' oopl yepJl-
up IV a, pooa o B elo ye a pyee
20-x oo V o' oa y- XIV XV eo. <pepaI"
oe t)I(eII poo oI oy papopallIle
e oope. ra eulo yIlype. p a-
}raIopa BIIyIeIIa ollye- IIoB epeIlI oe ce
iUIIIa' o oIlope4eo a B o pe ooo ooao
oB(Ira. opoI oppa aIeoro opaoB. aoe
parx Il x pto- xapaepllI oo IIep[Ioa <pr-
iI opaell oIIIx paIe> }IaoIIIlI, yorreo pa-
aaa' poJlep ooeo ote- oIe' yoaloe oJI.
TBo PA I{TPAJIO' BPI{o Boo}ro BPoII 305
306 yBo TPI{ Po, BPo ootlo BPOI

N
 yBo TP rP.IIo, BPIlo BoToo BoI 07

IlIx' ro )yx I(aa

oq.
B Coa oeoe yBo
oyo IIpllIIaI{ xlv e.
e oo rJII{ee Ilpoe' p-
)al{o B IIpoBe yBTB' oee
paoUlIIo' pyera o-
ea Ilopoa Coa o-
op B. Axer -
oIr
(|82-|499). pe, opaoar
ae epaIIIIu Iro [r paBIIl
e}Iy o IpIIe paeo' BIIo B
apxeypy oopa xapaTep e.
peo o po' o ee
oaIIIe ooIII{I aIJ.
oao xpa,ra IBIo
ae III' ll.1olloIlo oo-
pIx oepIlyTa IIaptIII eo-
l99 o6op ne. mepp, o.
120 z. o.
Haoee IIaTIII o3jlae
200 Blulzopod Tu. XIV*XVI . apo oeo apxy-
308 yc.o TPA I{PAJIo, BPo BoToo BPI

pl JI oop . aa Bee,
oopa B prtr IlI ea ra
y)r( Toe epoBa pyI{I
yypIM IrTpo. Cpoe-
Bo ox a a po-
1304 o 15l1 o. Co-
o)ilJlo
op oIr - oa Br-
t opoe Bt. o
oeaeT pIIl al-
aoo aoo xpao. Cp.
e oT a oor, o
pxtlx oo' Tpae o
BIpa)Il B Tpepe' apy) ro
oot pI ya oIIoBa4
ar. ra ar IoI,I
pr3I IIITpo epI{o oIIa
BI a opoylo loTy
(136,.7 ).
}Ia pIV V e A-
TpI| aIB a}4olTa 20l <t:m'lt u6,, itl't o.
IIIoa BoII' oT},lera o- tu zudutl. Ltttl }'l f . Puz
oiullto aIeI oop.
M po, o apo- pe tlx opo.
a. Caoa yypa e I oTpoI Bo o-
papaalaa ao oIIyp- op. C opoe poo
I B peo I oaBaIIt po BaI opo
MaoI' oaaJI pI IIIopo
a^rap.
- ea rpoB
IIpIa Ire ByI
oo yTo Bep o- Ulo aTya (o. 1280 . e-
xo oxpao. a' opoe- -
a IV .) pxoa epoB
Ie Bo opo ooI{ III . aa. Apyal Bp
- a.
ae IV Ba' oaJI o pa- pavh Ir pl\lI{' Te.
pyIeIIl,I B oI proo Ba- pepI yoIx a oIo
Iea' o epepoI B loT ByxaTe e' a.
VIII . To, vo toIIIo' pao. I peoaa a a.
o)Ilo o pyy a. tIIlI. B o NreoT o-
lx oax Bep o palr ore ' oxo.
TIIo. a oaIBaIoT e- )e a pole opo.
oBa' pytlI eTpI poalr. B apxypy TpaBa p.
o opI rxepap, p. I eeI o po
o, v oxpa o aee oe III ea. B IV o
B o rpo. B IV ee aI{o oTel{e oaBa aI{I o.
poro paBrpyo , Tpoail{, ao pyo p o-
 To PAIi I{PAJItto, PIlo BooIio BPoI 309

opIx Ia <epa epoB> B paro opooB' paT y.

paoe (ey |385 |47.7 '). B ypr, orpI{IM porJIBo.
aaIr oa oa oa opa BeIIl Bpao eaa
pIIIa oIlo. B Coe IV eooI BoBetre oopolr.
e oIIa e atIaJIa' Iro- TeIx oopyrrr. flpet
opo pope oe o- ypre oa XIII Ba IIaa
T oaiulo opoTI 3aMr aIIIII' yyIIIaa
aIlI. oee oetoaTo apoBa aoB. Ha re paI
pI{III oTo apxTpI p oBo' oopay
yTBp)a pa' B IIepyIo xapapoll{ roT' a paI{-
ope ape (aea . C. o Brpe peIloa pll{o-
aa' epo . pa' oop), yoIe oeTa peryplly
pre, ,(ypo. al{poBy. Cr Tpo
epee oTrx op aJI a ya, a-
y or poxoo B l BatpaIl\{ pyI-
epo ypeel{ paa o- . Berrr trop TeIr po' IIl
oo oyapTa Iv-v Bra. ao B I-{aye (avao V .,
Paa BlryprvIe cB 14 Tpoe Ho) erT ooy
opa poTB l{ex oao roTpeoo opI{aI{Ta a a.
oooa JIo}IIo pal{l. py,Ix eax. Cp ao, o.
oe oyapBa opoorl(ta poIlI{Ix a rBp TpaI peo-
310 ytso CTPI{ TPo, BPo BoTo.lHo BPol

oa' Ire ao a- eBo oTo BIooo oBrpIII

op (1280-1398)' roa Ta B BoBe MooaI]
o)I oMe opoe. Pl- Boo
ap a' IrepIr pr
- por' uIo
Ix' BaTIx' TaI
oa a x oopax'
- oo ox <<oBx>> -
aTeIx oa oeo pxoI{I teBT||oIIIx. o
To apTypI. rt I pI y B pa
B opoa B To rp Ta]e yB- oo,t oope a Bae, oTopIl
I ao ap- r aa |320 oy. B opoo
xTeypl. Co opo oolll peeeo a paoa a pr
III ea opoa apo po. Ta oo)a I opoe Mapa
Boa o pypoy alr. o (o. 1360. VI.)-
I{p opoa' pIIIoyIo oa ( -ep.
BlaIo aM oo(
pIrI paoax e paoa'Ul a oe.Ba o oT. Apx
apro) opy,iul a yII- a oToB oo pe}t Toe:
r , opoBI I; a p)ao TpooT, yyp
aBo oa )o pa"IlJ o o oo, o a
opo oTeI. BaI pa. a lroepxoT I{. eti
o pa(a o apxypr - op apaoo oea (o. 1365 .)
r IV-V o I po. rt ooa, pIa I
xoTBrItoo aa _ peo a. Cot xopl
aeI pIe )I' I rl pyl{o. B xo1
aapr, IvIrl' opToBIe o- a oro po aap B:
oy)r. Coura (|417 poaBeIlEo(
B yoo 3oTB peo
-|489) -
oBre yyI' a[I
oB xo)To TM 3a- o a pyr peIrBo Bo
Bpril IV e. o po)ell. aat aa Mapa
paI oTJI oeopa o pB oprIo aur, t
otlpyTl pe[Ill - oTopIx pIra aa oa
poB. \ pa a t xapa- eT c oaI ]IrTiUI
ep BITIIyI oot xop, Cpa ar yBraa p
oopr yIx oTea' I rxapol (|4.78) oTpooeI
papopaIx ore, o' arfla' rTeIl
IrTppoiUI paoe po- o pao paeo eol
TpaTBo' pexeIx orp. pylra.
Ba aIo o a.ap. a.rrl o oyeo aTpilJI o,
T paa Tpa ore y oTy) apxTrTyp}
a' aa. pl.rao o)o paJIT a B pyI. B
paoopar oI opy. Io,Ix oaTx' oatx a
BooB. Opara oe oTr. yTBepa aa eTeBIlo.
eBpoo apxeypI IV o a (app, paTa l
a eopaTIto paToe ep- aaa opoI{ o Creo.
BIopI{I rpeee' oor ot. ) o pIIa BoBe
 Bo TPA PJIIlo' BPo BoToo PoI 3 11

202 Kom. t. I50] z. Bul

 312 yBo TP o, BPo Oo.Io BPoI

oTBeTItIx aT oTpy Ba a yTBpoBaJIa TII|4

llpoIloo a,I' ooBaIII. IlI Bapl I]pao p
o Ta)r peItIx ypare l IV-V BoB opar
yIITypI. }Ia p or, oaTp' paT| pyI o
oop, poaa pv. BI- Ba pa.
alo oa pvo po oT Caal
oT :L o . ya To- Tpaax ooa III e.
py (l309-l350), pa fia o pt IV ot
xpa B (|38o-|4.ID poatao TpoTBo
paot oT .(l Map a' B IIIe y) B paI{x aI{
a (|4-|502). [ opo X (op a, |260-14
oo Bpa xapapell p orTa TTB]
yo)I(IlI{I pylro BooB' oTo- a. t o .
pI toTI. oToBI Boa oe. po /a a oop . y
a [t ap a op- o (o. 1301 .)
o pTyoI{oT. -py.o(
ae, lllI{o .aI{Ta' ol
Apeypa aTa ta pa- T oaoBI aaI Bool
BTa B ot ao. o a. l a. Bo opo ooBt
TtlI oaiul Mopila IV a aT pB pop
yypa TaI{oBl IIpoBi_ lor xapaTp. x ol
H|4 vI a pa' Ilo I oa' To oopl' o)I(Ill
poeJl peI aap. B BaTI BoI. B Hop pyr
IIaa IV a yTypa aaJ'Ia ul oa opoa -
ypaBaT Tpo| o' BoB- oop Tpox (1l80-1320). o
yI poBrHNI III a, o.lp. Ttlo (.B a(.o ol
.|aH,1 a or
op_ o pae a apol
TT Ty opl. Ha- . oTp BooB.
rpoa aa rp) IV o ooao pal
B paT (e) y opoll oaTItr
pao. apapl pTI . xpaa' opaB[I
o yTypI oa rpeoo po ot,
apo pxa IV (o. 1300 ., TpaoI{I pBa
Bpoa, C y). Oo paoa. 'epaoa
priaeT oo apoa - I B o l
a po Ba(.TT a- IlaTIIl. B ae paoal
aa a oor opoax. B pay aTrpa'
paoe yTBp o trl po.; a
T l{ao*l c aaxo (a.- -
oyo o llo]
poL| Baaa oa, o. pIlo oT' B apx
|345 r. Topa eTBpT IV .; a- ypo epa oapy)BaT l
I1N1I4pa Boo, )y |370 po Copvlpa B Tool4l
1382 .; oa pao' oop a Ba-
- (III .' pTpoa VIII .)
Ber). ATapa yIlTypa p- ooyro aBy B IIIBo yB(
 Bo TPII I{TPJI{O. Po BoTo.Io BPol 313

(.0TaB aI\,tT oToBa o- IIIa B T paoI paBI{To

,IIaI{'a)oo epa Ira TopoBIx oIlo. B a oTe IIa-
llyTx eBeplro Booo Bpo. I,l aiUI BoBo o III
III. Toa oTpoBa' opo BIo' Bea' o oa yTBepa
t ap -III Ba a- IV o, lle, xpT-
l.IlI aHNII7 ByIIITeI{l. aBo TaJ'Io papopa'lT
|\4| poTI{IM oopy)|1v||{I1. 1387 o, oa oa B e o
l{pat oT B IIo:]r Bpr.
l}r a epo Ca Pa, pye IlTp Too'
-
ap (|2-|4|2). oa aB- BaI ao, oa
(' p Ba o yy- p, poI\4 oo xo-
po. ao opra eeoe' o-
yo , o oo pea oIroBI ottTypI' py
a paa ra aoaa B II pBI Bapa oII{e'
III, oaao op oy IV a. pyer
x'yo(Blx a To p- (.o3I oTo apxTT-
l. oop Tpy (III-V B.) o- pl JIaTB a fioa epoB
p e! ,Io ItaoBa- (ora 121| r., epTpoa o.
. HaaTt a poaa o. 1300 .) po B' a
Tpo aoo Ta' o Bo.
pop aat a-
(1209 .
- V .) P.
Ia o ao e-
' oxpa apy) aBItoT Tltlx oopy) po
a paro T. apTeTypt. B por xpa-
B Coo Coro aTIl o. a pIl'ra ya ap Po-
TtIoo yTBa llp.TaBIlI o . PyLtlo' opl p-
aBIlI opao pa I{a pa fiayal oIT BoBe-
yax - o, a, op|x oT a.
. Ooo Toproo Copa P a IV a,
pa:B|4"|| T Tpa B pIreBeo- o a oM|\|I|, pvI-
BI po' ItaTIta po MIll IIoo )I ol\,Ia-
Ir] a' oopa IlpB- a. Cp oTlx a
a oy oIlo,Ty To opot oaoT oa <<Io-
pl"o rM pIapx op- (.Tp 'la" r'pot -
-
o Tooo ooo, a ae IV tsa ByxtII a
-
Ta,e aTe aBoBa aJlo) oto |vI|4L1. poo p.
oTeaTo lla apTrTypo TBop- aBel{o a aooe Tpo-
TBo oo poa. oo tao TTBo.
'Jl{ar{Toe e o B IIpo peBeo
paToo TpoTIloo oITITa - o) pa3IlI po-
x lrapooB. oao a TBop- I IlIoI. Ha p TpaI a-
To paTaBIIIx oTpaItIx BIl1.BoBaa apTypa Ta''ra,
]\,taTrpo B11|4 oaJ'II Tpa_ opt I]o}II oxpa B ooB-
MeTI yo. oa - o pIIoBl o, a-
314 yBo TAI{ Po' PIio oo.Io BPol

Ty}o a Opottltlx yp- oM' a Ta epo a (III-

r, opoIlI aBI opa. IV .)' ypaeI{a eppaooBI-
o B xv-vl Blax' pl{ py- yIITyI ypa, p-
I arTo eTo y- a'e)I(a ylIIM oa oo
o apxTypI. p TaJI. paoa. aa o I{ oTpoBa
Ilx are B BIII l aTpoI{I ooeI
ype o too te- pKal{ e ar, BI
e <--e." (V-VII IrpBIpIlI oal\4 y
.). a o oeo nToa oa.
-
Mapapa" (l518-1529).ayrrra B xo aMo p-
Ta (|4o2-|4o4)' a o- l ]aopooo
t (|4|7), )JIle oa otla IV B' oa o-
IrpIlae(a yIlI oa BlJl BI aMrI a.
apTTypt poo o- Cp x ysr oxpaIro
rra. aa pe a Blrop otII ao a opoe Tpaa
ta aaa III a pIap- (IV-V .), poer B Ta-
ao. poa apx. x o. Po 3a -
pa Ia paBTa o; B IIpo aTpa' ooI op-
IloI{I{I
ootTa o lo o- po a aMT ,a-
opy)o ltx Te. aM. o pya' To e a eBlre-
IIIx aoB. yot a - pyy (BoII. yor o-
o oTl My}((.TBo T'po aa o3oT o Mep
pot.o op' roBI a- papoTpal{e paa
oepxo TIt. Opro. By Bapaa. O Boo.
oM al,lx ep a- pepy oTpoa, p-
pea ,[oa poB a o 3aoMy y, oopI B
-
Blrpo (yoa 7233 r.), xv-vI a BoTop)eToa
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 oBP TEPIIoB 27

p (Ire!r. Lttner, o a. lto- apa (o a. pats _ ol) _

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IIopIT o-
- B oooB-
oo or' paapaloo
o.py)II' e epey aooe oo p opoI pe-
o' opaoaylo poI{o ooo e IIJI otro o-
oBpxIloI. pIrI.
v'Co BpEI _ T llpIoIloo Ba, Taep (pa. tabrnal, o aT.
IlpBIpI oopoo' olle oIroo
tbrnau|um _ ap) _ axyo
ya' IT oaoylo py' o- oopl\,fea Il,Ia o TT oo'
aIo paBIII )y oo yI ae apoxpal{ea
paxo l{aoo Bea' opay aTapl{o
TIl xpaa PIa ppoa
opooopayl oBepIlo.
paee TaT.
 oP PoB 29

T"'.,u*-1.pe". tympanon)_ yyo paar (a. franisani)

poTpaBo tia p oo' x IlTByIeo aToo- o.
Io TpyoIro' IroyyIlo oprl{a' ooBaoo a B
Tpaoe orpTa. By . |207-|209 . pao A. C
a opa ooiIo pToo. ooBal{ opa py aJIo tl-
. l Tyl opelrI.
Tpa (a. tave po) po- '.Xop (p' horos) _ parxa-
TpaIIa a -a o -o o apxTeye poTpalio pe
peoI' yTI T.. Boo}1 aIM aTap' pe Ba o.
B poax ox pBa' oa a aTooo xpalvra'
opaa Ip oopaM. axoT o ooy) xo-
Tpop{oeaTIt. triforium, o a. IlTo e; oIo pao)
_ _ poa-
T. tri
- p llfis p) ape-
o oTeo
oo oT Tpaa' oTopI xpa-
Max T Ta) ,lt p; o
epoB
p ya BIoa' ae opaBa ooBlloo poTpaTa paMa epo
ape' aIIoo)I{a ToI TIiI pao.
a apa' oT ooI Itpar (a. istini) _ ve.
l o po' a pp - I Tooo Ioalo oelra'
p|Ba polM v|\1 Bol ooBaoo oaxa.a
poIM oeMa.
Tpayp (pa. truadour, oT poBa.
1098 . pyTe pare Io-
oo opra. Ha oy o
thdor) * (pBeoB| poBaa- pBofi'y oaTlp _ I.!epy (.
oT-ee; yTBo paypo IIep rp C1o floa pa-
apo pae, oTo pa.
). a, pI 1ll9 :, pe-
B B I-lIl .: pyl BoB- laj oxa s py, To-
pIapIo oe ro. ylo ae.y, MoaTIpy
Tpporr (pa' tiron)
Ta ppa a oTo - oo-
pTo-
Il.
o oTl|}l p' o-
M Bo. -
pra oTBI I{a aIl ,r
ap (. Fhwrk) opy n'IJ.
-
o(.Tpo' Tt|I oTo pTaIT y (e. Stuk, o . stuo) _ a.
.oo pI yTt oToB, o- Tpil oT Il' 3ooIl
To TI o, p, pa. apxTeTypl{lx /]ee po;
ooB oBo, aoe{ Ilpoe- pe a yope oB 3
)oB poM' M, ' a' ea eorrro oBa
ali (. Fial) paTBtl yelra- .
-
e, IloB. pp Ir - eI{ va aa t
e ypo lll Tep, op ya' opalla J{By aa.
pToTo. M po: oT o pooa
y (a. fibula _ IIIa' ao. Me y opoTaIlo apa;
a' a ra) opa,Iea.,I o ypaIIIIl- aTI TpyoIl' a
-
}la aea a'(a oe)I' oo' opa. lJpe a oTeo
y)Bllla ypaIeIie. oTpo; To (r' o rp.
pa (a. filigrana, o a. fi- rrrpr (e. mpo _ oIr) *
lum a granum _ o) :lp poaoo xpaMa' paoo).
B -p1l Te, (ypl - a'
a a Boa or a
aaI yop a TaJIex ,r- or}l' opIBaloa apoI po-
'IX a pyIlI' ea ea aI po oa
'l
pIltlx Ir4TJ.l(.x T, apy(y.
I{yI Be aBoB' ao (pv. shats oe
op (pa. fort * l) _ o- logos or' yelr) -_ -
Ia poT' oTIlo ypIIeI{' -
o peoor yII o oo
xolle oa peoTll. y pa oa.
 xPOTtI AlI

t'lnlp tl,tt,t.tt ut .,.u, tn u, l' u ttt, u t 1l ,

!,I I l ? u J o1ltt'lumtt tt
Q)t,I|11u |l|)(I,tIu\ nl)u() uot'll|lu Il('I((I no
11 ul)'tII|LImJ)u

o IV-VII . *
<Bo IIpee-
l{apoo>
-
aoBl p-
) apax
}l.
39l40-9.I
-po-
eoalr,
' aT'
oa.
IV .
- Papopa-
IIe xpaTBa
40150419|20
-
p, poB.
y To. l a, ap
olo e. aT}Ioo pBo-
a JI'| (Ba-
TI).
5130 - Ap
Ay, aT
Troo.
375
- Bopx
yo B poy'
lV . - p a
JIaTI{ I
papo oT- poaa e-
oo ,Itloo aea <o.
oloa. p Aapa
378 a p Beo,.
-
AI)aoe. oe IV aaJ]o
Papo BToTa V -
Po p.
.
- Apo-
eoo a-
395 * Pa o, Iroo-
Po ,rp a roao.
aayr Boo- Bopa ooa
y' IV .
408447 - pa oo-
V'-y-
- Boa-
aayllo B , p oT,
o 400
- "-
yp aa,,
a. opa. (p, o. -).
4l0 Be Pa
-
ToTa o aB
Aaol,l'
418*7l8 oyap-
-
To BToo'
epo BapBapo
opoBTBo
ppp aa-
o Po M-
prirr.

Ilr.l <lpart1: ll, l(os, Nl Mv]. ..()op. .il.6.a

 CHPoHT TA 33 I

l lnopu'.tltltl Kmpl, p",ltt?u, umepnt-1l, ltptt.lttlttt,tttl

|I)unLfft poIru, |||)ao ao|.lu u(m
u p't Ll, |,|1 Ii ||l p a

o. 420130 . _
<Bp> (Ba-
aa -a).
431 Oyre pa ooBa V
- Bo
a III
o To-o-
.
- IJ. (a).
Be
p

ooBo
y e.rla
a pToo.
439-54 oyap.
-
Bo Bal{ao
po Ap.
449 aao
-
aoa pa-
aaa.
45l Papo y.
-
o a aay
x ( oBpe-
]!{eo opoa
Tpy, pa).
453
- Cp
ArI. Paa
rpal t{oB.
455 axa
-
papaI{ Pa
BIliUIa{.
45.7-.75|
-.(a-o
' epoo
pao oyap.
T.
o. 470 oa
I Ca Bo.
-
p a Ca
Aporo a-
.
o. 470 I{' Ce
ap - Typ.
476
-
aege
aao Po
nep.
4"7649
- oyap
o ooapa
all.
480-524 _
- . o.
480-547
Hp, A a,
T
ooaTr o, oo,
opae. epeBApo.
B. e'
332 poTC TA

mopu'tt,u Kmpl, pLl?u, Jlumpl1l, opum.no

ctmu o(I!u' tlptlo uoou uCmo
u punlcIn-

48l-5l1- o .[o 48l - v

I, orll opo o)l(IlI opo
pao. arx pao
epa I,
l Type
(e).
486 _
a
paa Cpo
a.
o. 487 . 578 487 _ !lzll
-
a a ooo oT
Ape a- (<x o",
op' aTe pea, pa-
oT t.).
e ooo-
o oporBTBa.
oeV.-o-
c t,lul,{pa-
' p o
epo Ap.
493*526
- Teoo-
px I, opo o-
o.
49-555
- oo-B
o opeT
arI.
496
-||pe
o I eo
py, p-
aI{TBa.
Hao VI .
-
a C"rr-
o paBI _
oIoo paBa
avx pa.
o.
507
- aoae
paa a.
. a p
yae papo
paa -
o. 525 _ peor-
Il poo
Moaxa !ollc
"oo oIl1I-
Ba p oT
poa p-
Toa.
 CxPoTA A^

I|opu:ue Kmprl, p"auzu,' utpm7l, .lopumo

1 ()t|,l1u nIrLr,no uot.ou um
u pum|7||l

o. 526
- oe
Teoopxa PaBe-
.
527-530 _ oa
. aT oa
,{aao Pe'
o. . 00 _
530
-
Bea opya,
o' aT
oT' aopa.
o. 53-549 _
aa Ca
Aap
a Pae.
o. a
-
537
eo
pa'
o' 540-o.
-
594
pop Typ,
Top' aopa,
poI eT.
o. 540_04 _
pop I
"B-
>, a ( 590)'
aT a'
pooBIi.
541-552
- Toa,
p ooToB.
542-552
- Boa
ooToB Ba.
o. 552
- ooa-
I{ rvIoaTIp
Te. Bap ao-
opl{.
epe VI .
opa, o-
Top.
o. 56o_36
-
cop C,
a po-
l r, -
oT Top.
568_600
- aoea.
ao-
apa.
o 584-751 -
Pa ap.
aT.
 334 xpoCT'l.AuA

'mlpu,-tl'ttu K1,tp, pJ,Lu?u, JI urptttJl, opulnrl

t'omu n()(u1|lu' npdo Lllt'orpu, t|(:mo
u puII{1|Ipa

Hao
597
-
paIloTaI{
oe Vl .
-
<ae Ay-
xpTaTa a epep-
pe aoa- oo> (2,
oB. oe, opy
p).
Pyer VI VII .
pa a -
. pa Pe.
o. oa
600
-
<ae To.
tlt>' (oa, .).
609
- ao
ppa
xpTaItt
p.
6|-629 op
- I.oy-
pao
VIl ' ar'p
C a yar'.
apTa a Il. VII . _ Bol
614
-
ap II, o-
opIlI Ct
Pa (a-
.l
Bpul p, Iia. aoo.
pJI p- .).
Ix ea-
eB.
62|-63| * p
C. <
p opo oToB,
a'ao Bo>>.
623-658 _ oap-
To Cao aIx
aIl.
Bopa vp VII
._ Paa ABap-
oo aaaTa.
o. 40-649 _
oa opaToJI
C Beal
aep Ca
,(ra a-
pao P.
o. 643
oap _ a-
aoapo
IlpaBa.
649 epl
-
apa
pt oop.
 I{POTA TAA 335

I I ttt rl l u t. tt Kvrnp, pJIu?u'1' Jlumptttl,p, op umtttl

rll6t,tmu notu,nao ul,orpu u((:||Io
11 puLn|np0

Bop ooa
VII . ..ae
-
[app> (,{y.
, -a Tp-
ora).
66l _ o .
Ca ya ao.
-Cppao (a.
).
_ o. 735
672|.7
-
a [ov-
ItI, aoao-
eo. o. 680-7ll(?) * I{.
680-90l a epo a
- "y.
aItaI>. Ha (a).
687
-
Ii aT
o- 90
-
Poy
pe
(a-

paot' o. ).
apTBa
- ATpa-
lt p o
e VII .
.xpaoe-
BaTl aopo ae'' (apt,
a pa. Ha. -a).
oo. o VII .
VIII*I . -
*apo
-
p IIoxoI a" (.
opalloB a ' pa .).
poe Tpa-
I.
.7||--:7|8 * aoea-
|\ I|aI apaa.
.
718 _ opaae
oporBTa ATy-
p ca'
.720-799
-
a [ao,
aoap
Top a.
oT.
731 I-{epoI
132 -
p Pe,
-oea
pao lra apaa- oyI oo.
p opvo
a. Ba.
o. 735-804 _ o. 740 Aap
Ay, oa- -
o Paxa .
o yIit Ca apo
ao. ae (l).
 336 poTA I.AJIIIA

mopu,lu Knp, pJ,lLl2u'L, JI umpntp, tl1lumo

r:otmu npoIlu,nPo ulou ultmo
u apu|llmp

JIo 750 _ .a- !o

pe oI>
750
- "ep-
yp aa-
_ pepa- > * pe
oap a Ilroo
<Ca 3Ia Ieoo
a>. oep,alr.
75|-98.7 opo.
-
Ba ea-
75G-821
- Teo-
y, o,
opa aT a oT.To-
apoo o' po.
pao yJlap. Cepa VIII_ Cpa VIII .
I . _ "eoyo -
75|_768
'
_ "oo I{Tep.
a pa- p o>>
po' opo e .]52
757
-oa (C,o, opo-
peeo
pao. .<'a'lo aoao a .a).
756 _ opaoa -ap> ooIl epoeoo oa.
- epaTo.
BToo oyap. paoTa Bopa ooa
TBa a. pa oaa ViII . <a.
.75G*929 _
op- ae Cepy -
>
pa [, oI pal- (O, poa
(929-|0| _ a- a IIaa a
-a).
). a aao o. 72_800
aTIo Po pe . aTa
-
p.
(all).
78_814 ap
B,- opo (
800 epaop)
poo oy.
apTa.
o. 770*840 * 770180 _ yo
xap' pa. Ta (oarp
a perp,
oT' aT' ABTp).
op. \o 174 Cyy-
-
pa opaop Caa
ap Bae
ae.
"174- o I . _
Hapat
opt (P).
o. 780_856 _
Paa ap, apx.
o' yeI,
lIaT. 781-783 _ <<a-
oaa>
(ap, Ha. .a).
 PoTT^ 7

II L'tl7lu,lu K.nmp, uzu'|' "umnt, tlp.umtto

ul6ttu po(]u'p0 rpuooputL u|{(.mo
u p.rum1l)

ea
78
-
at. "o-
Tap Ao.
y>.
o. 790*844/58 (?) o. 790 _
Hxap, ap- Cpoo
- Topo. IJeI (aao
pa. Ce.P, pa.
I1),
VIII . oe VIII . _
Haa,r a
- 799
- payp
o BIy .opoaoo
aIIlT po- IIpo a a" (Ba,
e. oI{oopeTBa M. o -
Ta olloo-' a).
'a. o VIII .
o VIII -
<oe a.
-
aa;lo I . " ([y, .a
-
Haa potlTI Tp-oa).
a. o. 800 uop-
l -
.
- Haao
aBoea apaa
a itp>
(Ae).
C )o 803 _
"E-
avIll. lu (Tpp,
op. -a).
805 oe
-
arl Ax.
o. 806 oaa
opaTop- p-
.p.
808-849
- Baa-
p Cpa, v-
I, ooo,
aTIt oT.
o.810_ o. 810- oa
"Il o -
<<a
pa>. opra" (B;
o. 8l0-o. 877
- oo, . Bo.
oa Co pye- p Apa).
a, pa o. 8l0 - "a-
oo, ro- > (Axe, .)'
, aT 812-842 . Ca
oT. ya - o
pao o-
.
8|.I-824 oa
-Ca
aI [o
. Caa pa
B PMe.
 338 IlPoT TA

mopuvu Kmp, p.au2u' Jlula1ltltp,

t'ltmu putnl
no11u' |){1o u"noou uvnI
11 um(I{|1lp

821 _ Boa
peooo e- :y 822ll |225 _
TIlBa o a- oaI a o.
p|l. C.a
823--829 * o-
(pall).
I{Il e ao- o. 826_843 _
aox opo. o oaTo,t B
oaIpe
TB oo roy-
ap * to.
BIro a
Boypo (a-
).
.{o 829 _ a
oI (.
ir"re, a-
pI4').
o' 830
- .p-
a >
(pr', ep-
ea -a).
! 835 <a-
- (p,
o>
op. -a).
o. 835 _ oo
ap . aT
Apoxo .
(<ATap Bo.
ya>).
o. 840-912 o.
-Ho-
p aa, ee.
840
- ,,l
y-paa>
ooop, (oo, a-
aT o, M.).
Too' o.
84|_843 p.
o- oTa-
e TIla B
Cao.
fI 842- <Capa-
a ap-
oa !poa"
843 _ Bp (ap, Ha. .a).
ooop. Pa 843_851
p apa
- "o.
o o" apa
Boo. loo (x,
Ha. -a).
845_846 ,,tl
846_870 Baa',- (apx'
- o.
a' BeoopaB- Ha. -a).
.
 CPoHTA T^ 39

'mopuu Krnp, ,xuzufl, umptmpu, pumo

t'tl6tmu npu' pto uoou u(,(,mo
u pummp

I-{. Caa
ap - Hapao
flo 848
o. 849-901 _ (call\.
Ape B, o. 850 _ Po
851_ pre opo' ea ( pI . Ce
ya o 871)' aoao- pe oep
Paa y. orx (paI)'
855
-
apTa oap I. po.
aTe,
peo. o. 80 _ oa
opaoae opo-
JIe: a,
I .
- lloa
<ae> a
aya apoIl-
oo Ba
poa oap- teo (apa Boo?)
I1. 3Ie. (ap' yp).
o I .
- o. 860- oa
apa ap .ap apa
I. aa oa Ioo> (apl,
<Baap o. Ha. -a).
I a>.
862 _ TxoTopo
epeo,Ir o-
863
-
oaa
po Byp.
ae a
870 _ ep (pa) pa I.
,ooBop. Pae o B- o. 870
oap e opaB - "ooo
o> ay
pa ep. oa aB- (H.op. .a
e. o p. opaa).
o. 870 _ "oo
o> Ca.
epaa (-
, aapa o.
.a).
Tpe vep I .
Pa o
-<pyI yapau.
873_885
- Bep
. ope (P).
877
- aoae
)ea Il
Beooa. !o 88l _ Po
a
eo a;r.
(a).
89G-89 _ If. Ca
o. 89G-974 _ eop ope
Paxep Bpo, a o. Pea.
I,lo' poo-
' a
aTe.
 340 poTTl]

mlpu,ttl:lt u Kr, m , pu?u'L' ttt p t p , o1ltltn.no

'ot'tmu npoLt' ptl u('|0
uo:lt,ttt
u (lpl|||||||p

o. 89 pxo
- IIl
epx
o I .
-
Po . a
oyae. <op- ox rope
TIl eIIpaM (eap).
pIII>.
Haa,ro . _
opaoae -
oo Ii,Ta
prelou.
906 Papo
-
Belip o-
IM a
Boopaoo
oyapTa.
91 l _ ppa 9 10_ ooae
a apo- eoo
o pa. aaTTa .
9l3 Ca -
- .
a aa
(ca).
919_96
- px
epMa
I,
opo.
919_1024
- Cao-
a aT
epa.
o. 920 _ o. 970
-
ypa pe. 920 <oa
, o, -
" (o' -a
aT a' .).
oaT' opa 924 *I\, aa
ooa I. Map a
925 o. _ oe
925 (cal).
-poeue-
poTBa 973 _
B op-
op , e
pa. Top, ao
929_|03|
- oo
xaa. ^!e ao>>.

933
- oeee 933
- Haao o. 935_970 _ 93-95
. B - pa.
Poo
Hr Bp Io poa ap.
ypy B o poI. xea, Irea
opoeBTBo yp- Ta' aTop
y (ApeaT). paarx
oe a a.ILIt-
o l.
936 _ ot
96-97 _ oo I, o I{a aTIlo
pa opo re <
( 92 paop). e>>.
 CxPoATAA 34l

I7 :tnoptt,l'lu Krp, pnuzu' utpmprl, opumo

mu Llpou1u,' pao ul,ou u|-||o
u apum|n

94|_942 oo
oe. -
941 _ o. 986 *
Xap ey-
t, po !a.
Cpa . _ o. 950-1022 -
oa Hop a-
ya eepe aa (oTp
yapl. aI)' po.
951 _
pI o oeaTop
oa I ar. ax a-
aoa oap- x oToB a
|1. eoM I.
_
a a p' I{. Ca
955
x. Papo .
955
-
aypy a.
oB rM ype.
Ill Bo-
Nlpl.
o' 960-992 - o. 90_1028 _
ro I, pl yp pp-
o . , ooBaTe
ulapTpo xoa-
o Ior'
aaT.
o. <pa
Bepa"- -
961

yp.
Bopa ooB-
a.-Pooa
!l ap a
Ba pao.
opooa
962
-
P pa
opo ooa I
epaopo 963
- p
opoo. opaoa- |lao pe
<Po pTaoo 966 _ <,(apa
N{tIp>. To xapT> opo
a aTeIlo- pa (oo'
o. pa .).
967 oa !o 969 _ "o
-
oaxa epp apxea pou
Apao ( ([apa, -a
999 aa - ).
p II) cla- o pe
IlIo rv| .*II _ I].
apao aTa- a I{pay
T. ppo.
 342 cpoA TAII

tnopuu Kmp, pu?u,' urcpmp, punt.ttl

omu npou' npo uo:ou u('n1o
u ulnI

970 _ ep
ylloalre o ry 97 | ll 984 _
ypeo <eoa
pa aa oa e.
p (Ce-e. Boa> (o,
ya-Io-JIyap). pa .).
973 _ ooae
pa)l(oo -
oa.
o. 975 _ <Pa
aporIa po>
(, .)'
o. 975 *
"-
ap Aa-
y> aa
eal (oa,
apx aya).
975-1036 pr
-
. ae.
oe Tp
. _ <p
aaa Po"
(oo, pa-
.)'
980_1060 _ - o. 980 _ <a;l.
xap IV Ca-a- p pa>
. o. (ae, .).
pa, aop <o. o. 980 _ .oe
p Ca-ae- pa> (Tpp,
oo oaI>. p. -a)'
o. 980 <ooa
-
ooaep> (-
e' .).
o. 980-1000 _
3aaa a .
o C p-
-ape (A-
r).
983_1002 Boa- _
-
oax
o. 983 a-
ropI <Pepa .
aB poB
pop> (Tpp,
pax eoa- op. -a, a.
oB. ll' . oe).
o. 984 _..Ce-
aoe a.
> (apx, Ha'
.a).
 PoAI] 343

l,Imopu,tcu Kmp, pu2I|' JIumpln, op,u'mot:

t.tltmu no('u11u' npo tlocotpu umo
u pIlmlp

984_ ' 1000 _

Bp . Ca
aeo -
987*128 _,(. .
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pa. e ooa III>
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I papI, a o. .a).
o
(po 1025).
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ar (pa).
p' aa
paaTa ao-
ao a-
p e.
o . X . _
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Copo po B op Ope
p BTo Ha o. Pay.
lt4 o
IIIl.
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(Cea) I, ep-
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1000_1301 oo. Hao I . *
Ba aT't
- pay o-
o, oooB, <a Iu
Apao Bp. pTa ([apa' .a
o. 1000
-
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e rBp
paoIliUITo-
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).

Ap aa. pae xoaT.

Ba.
1001 opooa
-
raa I papo- y 1002 l0l4 _
Tar xpIl. nCapaeap
aTa Bp. epxa II> (-
1003-1018 _ Boa , aapa o.
x oure -a).
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o ep>. TpaIieT . CI{
1005-1006 _ o P P.
po. 1005-1149 _ . Ce
opo .
y 1006_1023
<a Poepa -
roeoou
(Pya' op. .a).
1007 _ p .
Ca Buo
aao (a'l.
44 lxpoTATAA

mopu:u Krnp, pu?|1'L, JIur7ln, opttttnllrl

r'otmu npllLIu' no u'nlt:ou u(:(:||Io
|| t|puI|7lp

o. 1007_1072 Mer |007_|012

p !aa, - "a eae.
-
a p. x e" e-
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a. -a).
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ap ay
(pa).
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a a
1012 _ ypap l0l2_1018 po.
Bop. op- -
a Tapa pe-
x.

aollo- ypoo.
o paB
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ay (pa
poo), MaTa- Hao I . *
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- pooI
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1022
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(a).
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lopu,l'u Ktp, Jluufl, Jlutpmpu, opumr,o

tlll'Lmtl pou' npoo tto:lu,, uI{mo
u umI{mp

1024-1|25 _ pa.
oa I7acTII 1025 oe
I-epa. - oop
Appa

poe- - .
1025
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pB o- (P).
e lipa.
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o. 1030-1091 _
aa tlopa-
lr a-
ll.
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IlIl opoeB.
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(Apaa) <C-
ro Po
p>>.
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y> o ap. -
P,
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e opB oT o paa, e-
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o, Bop ueep I
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t035 oaoa
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opoa a-
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Boae
p Ce p
Typlo (pa).
1040-1058 * aa
oaoo oopa
oa.
1040-1067
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Hop-[a )ro-
e (pa).
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 346 poTATAII

mopuletl Kmp' pu?.t't, uttpump, rlp,urno

otltt npoIlu' npo ulllu ul{(:I-l|o
u apumnlp

1042-106
- ao.
oe.
yp

ao opo.
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a pa, - o-
III To.
l(_1130 _ a.
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il oT.
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p' Ha. -a).
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p> (apt, Ha.
-a).
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_
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a aa" (ap-
op, apa.
I .).
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a . C
pa P-
ype.
Cepea I . _ I{.
. apa
ep (B-
pn).
 PotlTA TA[I^ 47

mopuu'u Kmp, pcu2u' urcpamp, ,o6pulno

r:omu npoceu'npo urrcou u|t(:f||o
Ll (1pummpu

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ep Hora- e Mapa
, opopa or.
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-a.
o ope oe
p a aa- (a)'
ylo, po-ao-
yI'
BoToyI' pao-
aylo.
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epx IV,
a opo
(epaop 1084).
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I . _ Haoo
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lp oea. l 100_1130 _ .
rro apa Ce p
x . a (pa).
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o. 1060-l l50
Ca
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ax a. o. 100-1085 .
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e- lp-apa
(pa).
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oo, a. oTTBa .
aT, Ca Mo a
aTop opa Moe o op-
aaTlx .
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. -
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Ce
Hp (pal).
l04 oe
-
poaoo . BI
ap eo
48 Pot]CTA AI]A

r:mopu.tt.tl Kmp, p",tuzu, JIumptp, opttuml

olmu |IpoI1\u| |Ip(lo tlootu ult(:Ino
u PI1|l;I|]\.l),

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pa
(Bep).
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ail4a BapTyp
(P).
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arp ;rp
- .
(C-a- p--
ap).
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oo, pTa-
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ry |072ll 1087
Po . Ca
-A op
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 oI{ 49

mopu.tu Ktp, Lr?u' u'mpntp, :l. utnr,o

t:otmtt npoIu' |1(l() uoou ul{(|||o
u a-Yummp(1

|07_|075
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papa pa IV l>. p C-oa
ao por (A).
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pa xoJla,l. epxe lV.
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a ao
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pay (P).
_
1083*l 126 .
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Poa . -ll
(A).
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Toeo aao. o" (pa-
, . -a).
y 1085- 1l00
eI yaTpa
-oaIpCao
loo o
(atI).
350 xpoT TA

toput,u Ktn, pl12u, umpmp, ,lopunt

ttult no|IIu'|Ip.1o uoou um()
|1 pI||nmp

-
1086 <a
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Cparo yan
1086-1096
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_ apaJll pao.
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oaTIp .
aax (Ap).
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pIa . o-
p'
o. 1090 apt
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pTa . ap
(pa).
|090-|142 - 1090*110l _ CI
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aep, . Aa (ca).
ali o-
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p-
1091_1153
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pa
oa' aToT
oaTIp p- l093-1133 .
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T' a. l()93- o. 1l30 _ .

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(all).
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oo. Cp y.
|o97 _ <ll
Cao> (oo'
pTa l,r.).
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1098
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apa a,
Tpaoo
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Ipo epT III .
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 I{POI{CTTAA 351

l,l <'tl 1l u u Kmpu, pJ1u?-u, Jlumpttp, rlpl ulo

tl6tmu |1l)oLlu' |tp|1o uotllu u ('l{ (: (,r
u Ilpu||I|(L||P

o. 1100 _ <fI o o. ll00 _ Po

Poa>, pay- t pB Ca
epr e P
o. (xr I).
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e pa>. o. 1100 _ I].
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1 102 _' aoe. Ho II . _ Ha II .
e BaT I{ep. 1162 _ oo fl- -
Po ael
x opJle B , pay popaTa pe.
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a IIl poyt, oxoa. Po . Ca
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(ca).
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VI ToI,
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apee (l).
pay o-
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t,'mop u.tt.ltu Ktlt 1ltl, llzurl,

!1 Jl utlttpu, op.ttt.lt o
llttutt po|ru(' )ao ulr'lpt,t u((.m()
u tlp't11||1anl"p

1l l8-1170 o. 1118_l142-.
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1

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 PoTAAIIA 355

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Bpa - ypa op . C
reax, ee Tpo Ap.
pTyaIrI oT. l l70-l180 _ po.
o. ll70-.1230 oBI B .
_ Bp p o.
oe, e- o. 1l70 I].
-
oT-ItIt. tlyope (,(a-
I{p. l,l).
o. nyp o. l170-l234
170 _ .
1
-
arop>, . Bope.
xoTopIiI
poa'
o. l l70__I210-
apa o Ay,
oT.Ivltl-
Ilp.
o. ll70-oa.
paya pa-
oa el o
Tpa -
.
|174_|01- a.
aa ("aaa
a>) .
o. l175*aa-
I oparr .
Carr.
o. l175-l253- l 175-1l84
- op .
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oo aTMa-
T.
 358 xPoTATAIIA

.tlpt,t'u Klp, p11zL|'I,'IIurcpmp' 7luumtle

t,tltjtmu |ltlo uot'orpu
|lp0tII,!' u(.|no
u apu|||e l)|tl

l l75-l 182 .
-
Caa Map
Ceo-e.xe
(ca).
ey 1175ll 125
* Paoa ee-
o ea.
1176 *
oa |176*1250 Pa.
oapx opo- a aT -. B
oB a ppo Cpayp.
papoo |17.7-|185 o
C - A-
e p .
l 179 _oy oIl.
pe BJIro
eoBlo.
o. 1180_ o-
BeTpIx
M A.
1|80_|223 -
I-l
-
A,
o. 1l80-l237
- Mxy 1180 1190
Hxap o _. opaa opa
.
pay o- P, e- a xa
po. oT, pooa- e.
a'.I <<oo l180-1320 _ C.
II aa>. Tpox (Hope.
r).
l8l po 11882*1226
- 1l81 _ Hoa
-
1

atraoo pa A- Bepe. ap
oop ' Ta
".
rtlo Po
oepyp
prol - (p).
r>>. T aT. r 118| |230
<Pa Tpx
-oo> (,
.).
l l83 * oa-
p. Boa. o eTpT
oIl pa XII . url
aMoyaBe o. l185_1l87 - (y,
eBpoTax -
Ap aa.
Cyo
.)'
opoo. JIa TaTa
|189-||92 Tp .o y
pToBI -oo. pToo IoB). _ C.
l 186_1237
1189-t 199 _ aep (P).

Puap I
o Cpe,
1|90_|264
- B- o. ll90*l200_
, aa . a.
a opo. oa.{ae'
pay a-
Te.ll().
 t{PoCtIATAIIA 59

l.I l l 1l tt.t t' ti. u K.r,lpu, .au?u' Jlul1ltttttp, tr,I,,:l 6 p tt : tt tl.t.,t t, ltt l

t,tttu ||o(u|!Lr' LL!)u() ptl'or|lutt Il(:I{((|7l

!l -YI| |fl( |ll\' |)(l

o. l193-1280
-
Ap B 1|94-|260 o-
(or'.t.), aT . - B
o app.
oo. o. 1195*o. 1250-
' ypr.
1196 _
Bo
po)a oo' l l98 Ooa o. l198-l2l0
- Bpa -
.ooo
pra B I'pa- rea. Poa
H.
"Iaa".
1l98-1216 1 199 I{ep
Iro}rT
--
III, -
paa.
p aa. <[.o o yx>.
II . * o II .
e oa- oce |246
-
a aa}ro
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o e p,
p. pooaJl
ao e.
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apIl le.
o II B. _ o.
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Cpayp,
ee
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- aa-
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1200--t2'76
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Mpa <pa o paIr -
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o. 1200 A.
- 0. 1200 op -
<f,e BIloB>. TpaI{ ' pa-
ype'
oe
- B
aa a
1200

poe.
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-
paya rr-
aa <oae
Ho".
 360 ltTC'I.At{A

17 to tl,t
(-(|()I!,nu;l
l'L't'. t t K,l1,1l, (I tt.l{' jl uttttttttllpu, l- l. t l 6 , l t.a o
Ilu
t t t
llI)()('(JL'Lt|lt,I|' tptt,,lrlrl|lu It(.|i\r( (,I 11( )
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!
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1202-|204 *
- - 1202
- Be |202_|212 o 1202--122'7 * t{o-
pTI pToI apx e Ii, Y, I{aTIp.{.
o. p. palt - ae ()
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o .llo. |202_1208
- . .
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pa. (Bp).
1203 _ Haa a.
pI . p
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M
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ToIJ Ita -
a I]o..IIoB
Bo.
l'pI{eTa . B
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O. 1205-l270 appe.
a lI, Bl{p .artlp, -
opoJI. ee.
llOT-lI-
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(Ty, .).
p TB.
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xa -
exy 1208 |220 .
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1209
proo
paa- 1209-1363
- .
<!e - p.
peTOBI oo yIlB'Ta. oB). l{o 1210 - <ir-
1210 * op
eBppay o. Tp ooBI
po Cpayp. op" (a-
lo. pa o-
" , . oe).
a>' a o. l2l0 __ Ta
pIapa o,ra.
l2l0 _ oae "opoae
ap> . ap;-
o !e !a. o ooap.
o, payo l2l0 lV . C.
IT-aTpa. -
Pyae. -
JlT.
o' 1210-or
XIII . pe
-
apetl, poa.
a oT-Tp.
ayp, ap.
pa TBrpT
XIII . _ aoa.
121l-1481 _ .
P.
e -
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1212 _
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ep aB-
o x.
 POI{CA. 36l

l.I tnJltt't t, tt K "a t, m t, 7l u, ]

l C] |t ? u5l,'/ l t lt |l t t t tl Il t,t' ,l l u,l tt lt l t'.n o t,
t'tlrltnu |1
o
(t (. I | I Lt (' I t
l )
) (l ( tp u.,t t l t. t| l Lt Lt ('|()
ll (l,||1||1||1

l2l2 *_ ea
tlB a apa.
M lrp a-Ba-
/le-Tooa'
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x II lIITae, 1213
- |2|-l242 __ Pa-
po C ( 'y. o (:a T . B
ll97), pa ( pToo oo ayyp (!P).
l212)' pa .
MrpTop k 1220).
po ao. 1213-1235
ype.a.a
-

l2l4 I p o' |2|4 o. |292 (P).

Poxp- o,
-
aporo-ya l2l5_B Poa
y. oa pT BJIoT
-a o-
|215 |20
-
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pay a A. o TTBo- apro otl-
'I.p.
aa,'
apN{I{ pao
1215
-
ap
Ooa
oo
lTa'I.

pal'opa I{BTTa.
O lV. . 1220
l eo. <C.
- |22G-129
r aa' .
- aa.

ooe pao>. (At.).

. 7220--1294 *
py. a,
|220-|284
- '
p (A.lI).
op 12?,0-1256 -- I\.
IIaT, yI' (IJp).
iIoT .1220 _- pya
,r. ap lr:a't'l
P '
o' - 1220 ..ParI-
T>B.a.
tua.
l220*xVI-.
A.
|221_12.74 _ oa. 1221
- }laa .
Iiypoe.
1222
- "ooa
an Apaa
BTypa" .faIl-
oo-o-
Il, p B. :la oo.
' 3a-
Ia op
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1224
- o . 1224-'|317 _ Mexy |224 |230
e )ya'
BepTa
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B
-taoor.
po a
pay 'o-
p-MyapT. Il1.aJ]o,l opTa-
Mr 7225 l |240 * . . A.
pa. p-
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"Pay".
32 xpoTA'I'AtjJll]

:mopu.tt'tL Kt'p, .au?uf .i.lucptuv1lt,t, ,o tl' tt ttt o

<.orlmu:t po,rIllo (t|joo4)u Ll('It('(:m
u (I
J)'r tII7l ||I\|

o
n, - a.ir-
1225--12.74
|226_1'270 _ o- |'226 Haa c.
I (To), .ll:i oo Too.
-
pay oo.
opo. . |225 H-
a oa-
oopo.
1230 _ O o. 123o-l285 * O. l230 *
oa a. Pl, pay- 'le BpaTa>> "oo.
oopa
oT.aTp ppe (!P).
l230-e . Ca
I{aaTp.
|230*1298 * oto I{p Cao -
a Bapaxe, opTe .
xoT' aopa, Cpayp.
pooBeIr' aBTop 1230-160l _ C.
<o I>>. fla a . Ma-
|20|40-|2"/6 Jlop.
-
o .' y 1230 123.7
Ta oT, poe
pooI{aiUI -<aIr> y-
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o T'>' ap.
o. l230-l30 _ |20|50 Hapo-
o a T, -
epa a
l'itnIt pe- MaI (patrt.
I -- , .).
p.
[o
opp' -pay.
1230

poMa.ao.
IIoe |21*|262 p <Pa o Po"
<Ca (l- va).
-xpo>>.
l233 oa
-
o floo .
Ta".
o. 1235-1313 * o. 1235_1253 _ I.{.
y Tpp, Jlpaypxe
pB Tpe.
pp a. o. 1235_1283 _ I].
To B arr a
pa. Mapyp.
o. 1235_ o. |25|40
-..Pa-
|282|84
- rep
paa,
e> (Byp,
., .P)'
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eoo appo-
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 }lPoTtIA T^ 6

.tl1l tllu Ktnp, pLt?u, JIumprnp, optttttl,to

oIu |loeu' pIl rfuoo|lu u(.|LI()
u p'1tu|nIi||I

1238 _ ooeage 127 _ oe III . _ <,[

Ba. y apa. oo oa JI>' a
opria ]eeo- op oe
f'pa. BoTe-
o apaTea.
lII . opa
-
a x
x IloIl4 o
fipxe po.
o. 1240 _ . 1286
- Aa a A' 1240. r'.
. oa a
- a
pay paa-
Typ. }rlpzlo opa-
. Pe'
1240-l ]18 . Ce-
ae apr.
124|-|242 * oo- |24|*129| * .
o-aapo Aa. (Pyt-
ateB aa- +l).
yto poy. 1244-1.212
oTa . oaa
- Xop
e
Bpo.
' |245 al
-
aIx pa.
yI r a
llop . a-
yp.
|245_|269 _ op .
Beep
aa oo.
r.
. |245-|250
.ayp-
a>) (ae.
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o. |245-|250 _
pI opTaJI .
aro oa-
.ep.
pa ooBa
XIII . a
o9a Iuoa.
1247_|37 _ -
ro apeo,
opopa pa.
aoo opIra,
 364 oTA A

nll7l tt,lt't ut K 'l l p a, 11 u 2 I,t't''II u tlt l t , ,l o p .l

1lv- u t lt ..t t,
tllt,tmu
1

p()('l|1||, |1,{Jo uot'tlu, II(,(:|no

I| .Yu l\:||lIl)

1248 a ea
-
Tt]p oo-
1248
- or .
;tr:.
tt.
l249 * 'a a
taxp p- l]o 1250 _ B
Irlx pytloB B [ioB. <Bo
rae (Ilx). pJIo>' aTa
.l250
- IJp
H. Tpaa
oe
pIIBoBIx
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B. o. p
1250
pep, e. - pa tll .
<.oa oo--
TpaTB!i l.> a ):o'
oT' aTop t!Ba- OpTJI TaIle.a
I(OB. . A.
o. i250_l260
CeI p.il,r - '
ypr.
o. 12-50 '- aa.
I op . Ha.
yp.
0. l250i60-l330/40
* oa a
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-pa.
o. 1250l0 __
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a> (Ar-
p, .a
1251 1320* py. a).
ru peT-
r oaI]
<<IlaTyIlIB> Bo
pa.
|252*|284 _- - Bopa oa
o , po,ri IIl . Pirptr-
a ol{a. -
Tit B
125-|278
l oaap- .
II.
o :Ipay
<lIIpa> )apa
y |25 1210
<p lo.
ul opo. I{1r
'
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|254-127 * IIp- . |254-|324._ pao (Ilapltr, Ha. -a).
o/{ e)yaTB apo , 125+-\|6
B epa' TaIi - aa-
o a o
y' yTee- ope.
TBIl' a- ry |254_|2-12
<Aoa fly"-
.r.

(oop, -a
o)'
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nl1l u,t,r, ttc K.rll''J)a, pJ1u ?l|fI, umpm pt,

JI o61lu to
t'l6Lnut n]]0(-'I,Ir1cLIu{.' ||pt] utlt:opu u l|1o
u ll||rcmp

Bopa p III 1255|59_100 _ o. 1255-V .

. op. aaa,
-
apax Ta oT' -o.C.l255_l319
o.

p y aa lUoI <<I{oo' ,(yvvo yo-

-
arl. atooo , It
T>. )or.
1256-|02
-
pya tsea,
ep- 1256-1280
- uA.
xop> .
eea Moax' oe (A-
aTIIa-. vl).
T.
1257-1315lt6 _
epo !'Aa'
TJ oe |25.7 _
o, oI{oBa- l opT .
'r aBpoTo aro oa.
lllol aye. l.p.
1259' 1'28,7
- Haie. 1259 _ p a- 1259_|260 _ H-
T ooo. ap, oo flao.
TaTa a ory. po aIo- apa a-
p C-o- .
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1260 a . |260-12.70 _
Vri. "Poa aalx
I'oe> (2- .ra). op . yp
(). |26o-|327 |28 (Ap).
\,[p ap, - C.
oo-
120-*1435
-
a. (e).
M. o. 1260-1385 _
|261-129
epIro
- A-
Myao,
oa .
Tye.
a To-
p' oT' paa-
Tp.
1262-1264 |262 _ a e a
ov- - A. <pa -
ellue cat e'>.
a tlopBe)
opo.
|26-|26.7 _ pa.
aa Boa B
A.
125 _ aao |265_|2I _ flae
apaa A. Aep, I4TaII-
|265_|268
- H-
o ao.
. oT. pa . e.
 366 xPoI{TTAI;JIII

ll lnp uut. tt tt lmp, (au?u' JIurcpmp, 6p:l tltlto

o6t'ttu |lo(,|l'J)uo uor'ou ul7l()
u ])'tumLnpIl

o. 126-1308 |'266_|337 _.(o-

_oa !y C, o o,
oo-xoa a '
o. l'o.
|266_|214 _ oa
1267 _
flooop A.
Bepo. "Cya
Too>>.
128 _ axa
ap Ar
.
1270 _ Boo 1270-16 _o . 1270 p.
(o) po-
a o, -
-
I-l poa
I oxo oT
( Ty)'
.p (pa).
paBoB. |270_|280
l opTa-aa-
. B
o.
o. 1270*1350
12.71_1295 _ p'ra . a -
re ap le.
apo o
a py
T'pal A.
12.72-|07 yap I,
a-po.
y 1272 tl 1298
_ Paa . ppy-
t (H, e-
r).
|27-|29| -- Pyo i oe \273_|334
f'ap, pa.
I.(epaa . -
opo.
ope (!P).

|274 _ epl o. 1275 Bpxp |2.75-1524

Cao.- H-
.
ooper -
eyp.
Bo paa. a TxoTopa 12.75*1284 _
<-
1275 epo oea <p-
-
yoMal{ o px>.
oe op
Aoa ypoo
aaoMrIex v
oBIIx ler apu
(, -a).
Il ea. y |2.75 |3.75
. pe.
-|277_149
I aa -
aa.
.
Cpay.
o. 1278_ o. 1360
_ a ap
I.{'
Hoea Bo ope-
.
 }lxPoItATAII1^ 67

|1 t'll,tllp u.t t'l't ut, Kt,tp, .auzu' .umtttpt, ,l1lt,uloa

tltmu |)oIIru' |I!) tpu.not'tl|lu 11(:(,'(.||lo
u p11|||lp

1278*1400
- .
Ceeppx
pype.
1279 _ <Cot 1279 _ pa pa.
T> IIo- opo>>'
-
Mea IIep
"yMa
pIIIreoBa
A. jIo
opa.
o. 1280- oap- l280-l398 _Op-
a ypaa>' op ao ;r.
aaTx eIl. p (a)'

a -Bp}l>' BO-
l282
- Popo 1282-|48
- ya 1282-\390
|282
"-
Apo. -

ay, a '
- .
'l a po'l Iroayo oapTBIrI
paryo tl. o <- I{T' aT-
tIoTBa . o yp
''aT.
opo- Iv'a>. 1283- . 1350 1283 Hapo
Jl B.tI].
-
ya Py, a.
-
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|282-1442 * Ha- . oa (p,
oTao opo. . CaT op).
eo ro . |284-1344
a. -
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.
1284_|486 Co-
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|285*||4 o. o. _
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1285_1349
Oa, -
1285
y. <oa"
pay - a o. (p, -
po' o-xoa1' ).
pTaBT 1288_1350 o.
oIlo l{oa- . pa o -
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1290 * oo-poa
oopa P.
1290
- Hazro
TpoTa . B
opo (a).
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1291 _ Haa;ro Ba>.
apoo
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368 o]I,4 l',1tiJil]^

nu-l1l u,tt, tt t, Klttnvu, 0IIt?LI,' IItltla1'tit111111, . l 7; u, u tl t .l tl

l) u o
t:tlLlnust |l o ' I,L\ rr |'
( !- t 1
tt. tl u l rp LltL I1('('(.||lt)
u (||) I!|11 |1!.\' l)
(l

o IIl . --
a'p 0p.
"ea ;t-
1291
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ApI. op
a paoo>
(apx. Ha. ')
pTooaM
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a Bo.
1293 <r.ao-
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Il paI{-
BoT> _-ilTo.
pa oIlT.y-
llp.
o. ,l295
*
1296_1314 _ Ba
1295_136
p Co, - Hao
TpoeTBa .
a aBMoT oo Caa pos
a poT Too' tIaT. oprr.
A. . 1298 _ Haar..
l298_ apo o' apo.
..a ,>. 1298*1309 ar-
o
-
flyo B
e.
1298-1320130
aao Bo -
op.
- a o. 1300-136l o. a
1300
papo Ceap. a Tep,
-_ 1300
-
aTa Bpxtlo
' oI{oaTr ,Ir Too aa .pe.
rr o-, o' 1300
- a.
eTI aoTo- pooB,. Tla . C-
ae' o' 1300
- yo (ex).
1300
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oToBpl{o "ay>, a. oa,[oo .
yoa o a oa. P.
a. o. 1300 _ oo o. 1300 _ ..Pa-
a To. !ol Toppa>
(<ayl"). (px' .).
o. 1300- o. 1300 Hapo-
o. 1358 -
a e p IV
ypa, pa- (Bpoa, e-
y oo- .).
l300-1385 Pay-
I{oaJI.
o. 1300-1377 Ia TopoI pI
-
-
o e auro, apo opoa B
pay o Tpy.
ooTop.- o. 1301 _ C. .
o. ya oe
(a*l).
 {PoATA 369

mopuLl Kt, |)I12u,' Ilulnprptl, , o 6 l tt. u m ll

otmu rlpollu, no rt'luopu u1|(rn()
Ll [lulnInvp

Haa IV . _
1302
- r
ar a- <tpa
,r o pa. a> B Pe.
|04-|07
- Bo-
Ta OIlo
|'304-|309
ya. -"-
a l304._1306
. Po- '(o-
a-
Cp arl. p roa r Apa
Coo. aye.
|04-114
- p- l304-151l C.
Cea -Belre.
i

v papa,
aJl T. 1308-13l1 _ .[u"r.
1308*1387 _ A- 1308-l314 x <<aTa>>
)ya aT -
er.
a.
(Cea, .).
Bp.
- x-
<a 1309-1340
|09*|,7-I <A-
-
lloIto tl>
xa>>. oe plo fiopa
o)e B Be.
a. 1309_1350 * o-
e . ya
Top.
o.1310-1388
- o" 1310 Aap
o y.r.r, -
MoTlpo .
Ii apo- ,pa (P).
I o. o. 1310 na-
Tp oporBI
-
ap> (oo,
pa .).
13l0-l320 Ta
-
aIaa <a.
I{a a
e> (-
ep, .a yp.
a).
131G-1330 aa
l313-l375 _ to- -
. opeo.
a oao !o l3l8 _ p
1319-_l33 -
.a. a- ap oope,
po, -a
opo . pay -
Hop TIoT.
(l319-1355). o. 1320 <a-
-
o aaI
yyl" (pa,
Ha. .a).
|320-|64
- C. a
Ba pa.
lo |322
- ay
aoTooB B xope .
.
 370 poATAli

tnopur,u Kmp, I|zu, ./lume7lmpt l 1 t3

t g,,1 1' 1 11 1 g
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moptlt:u Kmptt, pzu'!' umpmpl, opumo

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ll Pummpa

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.

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u pul|l||Ip

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r pay
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moput:u Kmp, pttzu, umptp, oputo

omu npou' npo uocou u(:mo
u I)'Yu|mpa

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-
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(paa, Ha. r;l.
pe).
o. 1380-1385 _ A.
1381 _ Boa 1381 _ . .ap
"a
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A<I r.
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|382_|81 Bo.
-
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l383_1384 _ Bo-
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- ep
,
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-
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e (y. l4l0) a
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1385 1434
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or. 1386
- ooa o. 1386-1466 _
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 PoI{ TIIA 375

ntopuu Kmpu,J1u?ItJl' umpumpu, op,utlto

'otmu npolIu, po utll.tlu uo
|l ])u|nln

. |390-||
a , Irpa-
-
(llBoe.
{395_|406 * ay
l396 _ opax, Crop, a3z e
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p HoIo (alp a-
(oap) ap o ,(oa).
eooe Iro 1398_1416 _ a
o}la]loa y A .\
Crya I. to. Aap
oatp IIIa-
o ,[oa
(ap' yp).
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<o axap>. op a ep
B, Irrpa.

_ ay-
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|402_|404
ra Ta.
a p <pepa
1410
-
pr. Pa-
1410
-
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po Bo To. Bo (paoB, a.
oo opea o- .).
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o' oB -.p-
paI aoo
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ylr
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-Ipaop
< P- o. 1410-1415
o p>,
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<aoo apIIIaa
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o ( 1387) . aap-Ale).
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e).
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oPA olr pa()]'I

po H. IlpopI1 r.o p/lll-

rlr ap1.K1.ypl. i\,l.. I 96.
Ra ()p aPl.K.I'ypI' .r.. .1. M.,
I 966.
Bra T()p14 y.l'l]! r.. 2, rl. l.
.' l960.
[il.t l'. .l 11>1.Bltol.() o:]Ha
ttlr. tl.
. NI.. 1L)72.I
I'-t1', 11'1 . )l. |:l l(.l1|l\J| |](.]llllf(tlJ(|
V'rI].pI. M.' l 972.
/!u.nlr ,I.|. () pH l I]<l.
P())llIl). M.. |9 75'
f! o p.l. u ,4,/. () v I l {) Tl} L]plll I-
l]()R...' l9.1.
y:.l<l .pttlI ap(}oB_pa' . l-5.
M., 1962. 1965, t91 l, 197u, r98 l.
tl1-ll,t t<y'r'a p>tl t plltt. .l'. 2.
M.' |96.
1l t.ltt tl t. u tt . ' cl< c'|'lt() :lI]iulit()I.()
P/lHItK()B. JI.. l 9(l]
l I t' t,u t ar' 1{. 1 l y'r.titl ll11l trl
L-,ptllll B p/{tl lt. JI' ., l96"+.
(,'rlttrlu l t t' lLtti ( ). 11. |4cc,lI]() lJiltlal{Il()l].
ptllt<ltl p'tIBK()|].
,I''ltt.c.lrrc
M., ] 9(l4'
/J. //. l,t.o p/l l]Ol].
Nt.. l9(rli.
'4tltttttrt utl 'St'ItlItttr lr,. Di Kunst ls
;\llttd|nls. l]d. 2. stuttgat' l9.5.l.
l]udnn G. 1)i [}uftlr.rrlll tls Mittl
llltrs. I]tltrIt. | 9'19.
I)ttlttts (). I.}vz:rrl1itl t arltl tlr Ws1.
l-orln, l () 70.
[:'niItl1llia ttrli'"'slti lll't. Vol. l._ I 5,
Vnzia- Rtlllr. I9.r8'l967'
liliIltt, /1' N',Itt}'n iig' Sul'vir,lls t -
r.ils. N' \,tlk' l9;1.].
()oJ|'.l. |t' [, iviIistin tl l.()iilt rn1-
tlivI. I,aris' l965.
(illt!shmklt,,.1. l)i litlt[lisktrl1lturrl.
t]lin' l9I4-l92.
l-ikl d Kunst. Arhitkttr, tliIrlll|
Ku st. angwandt I(ur.rst, I ndustritiltlt.
gs1ltung. Kunsttlrtli. Bd. l-5. t-ip-
zig, 1968-l97li.
I,tul'fsk . Rnaissn and Rnancs
ill Wstrn At. 51tl:khtlIln, l96().
l,v'gttr N. Arl OLrt.lirl rlf. rrrttprr Arhi-
ttur]. llarnltlthlvtlrth. I 9.57.
Iliu I,. I,,t ligirr lu ltlyotl Ag. La
.ttIptuc. Paris. l 9;l6.
 JIoPA .71

Surlijndr W. l-a sulptur Inlivle. l]tlhrt.I., I,orhr.I., Vtllht'It . 1'. L.lll1li

Pilr i\. | (,{)5. ar|ingin. (l-.univrs tls tilrls)'
'l'tttrkii'z' lV. sttvk slnitltvztl. Pis. l96ll.
Wtlzlw _ Kkriw. l9(l().
.lt:1'ltlr l;illit:' H. tl. ' l)s itt|illtl I. (rpvllin _
. O. lt Mdiaval Mil. A Ilis- KtrllstgshiIlt)' |3rli' l 9(l9.
,.
t()rv ()f th l)cvlont rll."I'lrought arl |ttdrik D. rlI Sitrtn zt1 Viking At-
rotion ilr th Middl z\s. Vol. I. m_ I-tlllltln. l941).
Ilidr' Ml.. l()5.l . Klulri<.k T. D. I 'at S:rtlt,l lttl Vilting t.
[,tlnltln, l 9zl9.
tllpa Kubu'h 11.., l:)lbr V.ll. Dtts friihnlitll-
irlt|ih lnlpriurn. (Kunst dr Wlt).
[-ikrln lr lrristlihn lktltlgrahi. lJ- l]aln-lJdn. ()(l8. 1

giirld - irshbatrl. I]d l 8. [iibu VtlIl-lh lt. /.. t)i Illfnbillit lr Split-
irrr Brisgau' |9(ll] 197(l. altlik ud is 1.rtilrn itt|itItrs. Minz,
illutt I'. ltlttra1lhi tl l.lrt hrdtin. VoI' I 9-5 2.
l . Pais. I95.5 l959. ||it:tlttt . l||Llstlrtitln in IltlIl and (ild.
A stud), tlf th ()igin lli tlrl [ l.t
Ptte plltIBKoB IIiLlst1itls. l,ilrttltl. Nrv Yrlk. l9.i7.
.I.h
|\,tlrruId l.. LJtrht l)saItr. Utht'
ll1lttlt '. (.'' l Ioptl l(O()il lI()P- l 95.
Il()|( .l'()Pll L] MpoI]() J']pI{ Hli()
/JHB()I]|,'|. * I] tl': Attl..Ilt<l. tr l Ky.'](.)
IJtrll.t'. M.' l 97-5.
(.(. ( v,1l,.it,t (.It()llL'!t()ll I)rtv\, ' . ss:ri stIr l svlttlltllit1tl ()nl2ll1
^|il'l)ut||
:Iyptl'I'/] I] )ll I]Cpo/( (\lll. sit.t.Ir',1. I,;rl i. Itlir.
o'I. ilIl.l.tlH()1. llliI]ttl- .- [] tt.: l)tt,ts ", Hirttrcr |VI. Il.tlttt:tnjsh W:trtt|-
' rrlplt v.I].I'ypI pIl I]()13 l'1 nlIi. iinhrr. l 968.
Bopl>lt. M.' l 97' |)lltIw't,II (i. 1l. l,aintilrg in ttrtl1.l lt()() | 2()().
I kw il h.I. arlv ]\,1liv;ti t, itlI ilrgian'
] Rlrltilntlr. l()7 l.
( )tt()Ililtl1' [l.tltlrltst1tt' (,l'h Wtllrl rl.
IIrl'illtl /1. [,.t Js sul1.ttcltrs ()|llils.
At l-ii,'). [-tlrtdtl, l 9(l.{. [)ais. l 9 1.
l|lti14 ll. Studitl zLi [rnvttt;ttltsr:ll:tt Iilt:ill H. Pinturs ()Illlls ds 69liss 1
Mli. Wisllln, l 969. l;an. [)ris. l ()j|].
I]llkIr,,1. AbrrdIiinlislr iItia1rrri'rr [lis l'' r u,s | l /,. [ -.lt ulrlatlisllt r()lllall. (,i1 it1 Lr
ztttll usltll tlr tlllaislrtt Zr1 |]- ls tlrois srtr l'itl tltr I.sil Ir
liIr I,i1lzig. l 9(). I;:trt. I)is. I
()7().
I}rutttt,|'l,s l4l. I)i Wlt lc l(rtlIinrl LtntI ( jrbttr ", Ntlrl|.ttlk (-'. I)i orrrrrish
ihr Kttrlst' \4iinlrll' |9' Iali vtlm l1'1n bis zttltt r|izlhttt
(]Iti Art i l\ltitlt [ir:tl1l. lrir' l'tltl. .|alrhttnlt. (irrt. l 1).5ti.
ltisttli (]rr1uis. [,tlndtln _ Nri' Ytlk - ( irr|t,ki I'.' iithrit'h
[,.',
.I'ttr!tt
.l', ||or'
S l-.rnis, l976. lttll l|. L sidl t| l'It li|. (l,.ttttivtls ls
('rlttttttI K'./. (.tlIinin Ilri Rrrtllittls1rI ltlrltls)' l)is. l 97.
Ahi[ttl. tj{)() trl l]()(). (l,|ialr Ilis- !(inglI1, rtr,. [{tlntns1u SuIpttr
trl f r1). }l.tltlt|srr'rrth, l959. tll th ilgl.irlllt lltlls. Vtll. l l().
(irbur ., Nrd-|'Ik ('. Das liih ]Vlitt|- Bostn, 192.1.
altr (IV-l .Ih.). Gnl.. l957. ubrt|t .li., l]Ih /,. [;iil.r. ulttl Iitlh'
I1ltr,I|. [islr r\rt in tIl a]l'(]Ilr.istilr rrrmnik. (Kurlst lr Wlt). tsaln-Bad.
Itr'rirrrl t siltl) \. I)- l.(rrlr1. I()('5. t96-+.
IInr. [,'. lrish At |Ltig th: Viking lllr,a- xIihI l'.1/. [-a fst1 ()lilll' Pis' | 9(l l .
sitlns. (8()()'l()2() D.). l,ltltlrl. l968. i)bius I;. Rtllnitnish l(unst. lJrIin Wi
IItt|trt .l., I'tlrt'ltr.l..^.VtlIbh lV. /j. l-'l]url- N4tirth' It)69.
p tls invasitltts (I-'tlilircl; tis filllls) I,ttig v ('d|lt'h .l. I,tl g6tlglr1llri 1 ls
is. l!)67. tlrigi ns du Pr rl) il. t tlla. Pis. l 9.j'
 78 JIP^II

.\t'|trd l/. l)i tlrnisIr Malri. Kiiln. Sinsrt (), von L!. tl. Ds MittIIt I l.
196. (I)rtlpvliiolr'Kustuslriht)' Brlin.
Swurz,ttski /1. M<lnutts tll' RrlnlaItst1u |()-72

-.
19.5.1.
At. hiago Vg W. Bildh ls MiltIitltrs. \,tl
Stlihow'ki Z', Nowuk I',' Gutiil'k I]. rvtlt vtll.t . Pntllsk. I]li. |9.58'
Sztuka tlrlisk. Wszri,' l 97(r.

pr1
otr y'I.B() ol O' . (DpaKa oK
xlI-XIV o. M., l973.
lQlltltt . lI. o ()ToI ll.llpTa- I,o't1lltt B... ['vtltla Kl|a ll)1.-
Itr pltll{(. l,l(.l)K() Ii} l)- (I() t,() t]() q)plll{l,I xIII IV
l]Il I]()N,t a I]a/{ll()M lly.l]() l| :l I | . . M.' l97.5.
B .: pl vTB()IiillI.
-'l;tlllt;t I{)1||I't,'l;Ll l'.. l l. |(rr. '.111.111.111 l) l ilJl
rl l(.ll('K()\| i.t'r.' '. ap't'1ltlltl tltlp. l] .: Ar.,t-
1917. lttl. p :t. Horl p. ..
ubrt . Htlhgtltik' (KuIlst l Wlt). 197"/.
[]dn-I]aln. l 96. Auhrt x,l.l, vitriliI ll l,rall' l,aris. I9.l(l.
l]ultruiitis./. llvils t tllis. t- gtlthi- ullrt ., I\fi i|l., ( jrtttr.l.I,.r1 llrtltlrt
Lt fan1sti1tt. Paris. I 9(t(). mon11lI r()I1r|l tt F-tl. Pais. l95.5'
I:t|tling 1-. I)i l,flanzrtw|t l mitt|ilItl._ lJrutulr /l. St. I,rluis ltnrl tll iltlt St1'|.
Iihn KathtIlIr' KtiIn. l96;l. L,onrkrn, 196-5.
IJllrlz I'. [) Bllulistr d (itltik. l\,Iiin. l )t'st.JttttltIlt /'. L:t tr.l1|1r1 . l l:tllgitist.. l];l. 111

hn _ Brlin' l95(l. (|u r()Inn. Piris. l9.17.

'

I)tth. (j. I".ulrp l|l lrttir|i. l I.1() l ) s r' I t l t t ls I>',

.I'
It i b u t,[1' I-ll 1lit ur ltr Lt-
I]lJ(). Mi|ntl Gllva. l9(l7.
1

rl ll ljiltl. I- htrt l()vl1 ig t

I)uptltt| (]., (]udi, (.. (itltish Mlrii. I.i1ltl11Lr r()nllll]. (rs t }Iisttlriir). P;ris.
(inf. l9.5.1. 19.s l.
I,'i,shar F' W., 'l'ittrs ./../. ,'r1. Splitgtltik. I,c li1illrrrri ls igIiss l [,-rn. \,tlI.
Zrvishll vstik tltlt| Rlilrlatiorr. l._.5. [,:tis' l96(l- l9(l9.
(Kunst tl Wlt). I3alrr.I]lrdn. 197 l. l:,hr,srllt ./. Oint t Oi|nt. Rhcrhs
Fruttkusll 1,. FtltiDr drt ltl1hi1u. I)ltis' sttr I.'' ill l Iutl..L's lr1 z:tll littr'' r.l tliltI ttl.'
lt)10. l,t l't-l ava|11 L]t platlt |s isllls.
Ftkl ]'. (itlthi rhittur. l-tlnltlrl, I,ris. I 9.5;l].
1962. F'vtt's .l. At irr MtlivtlI Ftl. 9lJ7_ l.+98.
Ftl.Kr'f't . Di (j]asmli. ntrvik_ Oftlil. [ 9:l8.
Irrng.'I.|]nik. ignat. Win - Mtillh. (jtiIIrd G-. Ls fs1us tl Sint-Savi l.
1970. Plris. l 9;1;i.
.ll1' /J. LJbr dn gtltishll Kilrnum (jutlir .-S. F]llrrr ]illltlrrsins. is'
ttni attl ul.sirtz' l]Iirl. l95 l. t 950.
.Itl|z'n H. I)i (itltik is AbnlsIalrtls. (jrivtlt I)., Zrtlki (i. (iislbrtus slp-
Id un| WirII. K<jln. l962' tur ].Autu. if. tl I). Dsh:t;ls.
I)tz. W. Vtlll tl (ittungll tlnd vtlIll Sitlrl Piris. l 96().
lr gotisltn RLrnll.rgur. Hid|brg' (jrrldr'ki 1-. Ivtlis t.rnq:ais. [,llis. l9.l7.
195 l. .Iutz |l. Kullst lr Citik (Rims. ('h-
I\t{sk Gothi rhittur ad Shrl.
,1]. ts. ris, Amirrs). Hirmtr. l9(l.l.
Istiisrn. Now Ytlrk _ I,ais' |957. Kutz'ttllbogtr,4. .I.h SultttI l,-
Sdl m r , Di ntsth r-rn g lr Kathllrl. gritts lf hts thll. Ba|timtlr.
Ziirih' l9.5(). Marvlzrnd. l95tl.
\inlso . L.oll' h (i<lthi (.t|rdI. oi. ,|Iil I:. L'a1 r|iitr tIu XII.' sil lr
gins tlf (iothi AIri1luc ltnd th - Fn. Pris. l 9.5.'.
divJ (-tllls1lt |. Orl. Nw Yllk. xIil li. L.t cliirr dLl Ill. sil
t962'. Frn. Paris' l9.] l.

Mil ' L'arl ligiu d l fin ltt nltlvtt
n Fn. ris, l922'r.
i.ig
I,orltr ./. L^lumirrur l.rtrnqais. Pis.
t9-59.
Rutt l,. l-'art gothiqu n Frn. Arhit-
tur' sulptt|. in1u. arts appliqu6s.
Pis' 19zl7.
Suurliit.tdr l4l. (jtltish SkLrl1ltur in F.rrlk-
rih. I l;l() l2'7(). iih. l97().
|'i.iIt-l- l )tt< l,. 1;,. Dit.tirlrlrlitir lisnlt
d l.rhitttt fngis ltr [. au IV.
sil. Vo]. |_l1. Pris, l.67'1889.
A Go1ik. (Di Biun l}iih). K<inigsin
.l'.
Bus It. nglish Rtlltlcs1u IlIumi-
S.
tion. oliltl, l95 l.
Btlsc .I'. S. R. rrg|ish Art l l 00_ l ] l6.
(()ltlrd Histtlry tl nglish t). oftlrtl.
I 953.
IJrutt Il. An IllttllLrtion tl glish Mdi.
vlrl Arhittut'. [-ond, l95 l.
[}ricgr P. ng|ish At |2|6_|()7. (oxfo|
l lislr of nglish Art). oxfrlrl, 1957.
I)odll . 1l. -I.h arr1rbuv Slrotll llIrr-
lintitl 1()66 l200. ambridg' l95.l.
rlglish Illuminatin of th Thirtth nl
[;ourtltth (]nturis. Otilrrl. 1954.
Ijvtls J. nglish Art l3()7'l.l(ll. (ofor.d
I Iistor ol.nglish Art). Ofrl. 19;l9.
(]rlnr . Alallastr TolnbS ()1.tlr I,-R-
lilrmatitln ritll in nglnrl. (iambilg'
1 e40.
Ki14so P., Mttrr I'., Thottlstl l,. A lIis-
tory f g|iSh Arhittur. (lian t{is-
t()rv ol At). [{rmondswrtlr. l96.5.
Rit, D. Z. ng|ish Ar1 ti7l_l I()(). (ofort
lIisklry f ng|ish At). olilrrl. l952.
\roII R. Th., Ruhir./. Britanrri:r romnitt.
Di hoh Kunst dr romnishn poh
in nglnd, Shottland und lrland. Win-
Miinhn. 1966'
.I-h
7oy S. astls tlf (irat Brrtan. L,lnltllr.
l9.5.
'l'ristrm . l4l. nglish Mlivl WalI ain-
ting. Vol. l_2. O1lrd, l9"1.l.t9.5().
WoodJrd (7l. nglish Paitl nl Staind
(]lss. Ofor]' l 9.5,1.
Zurki (i. nglish Rtlmnsqu Sulptur
1()66_ l 1,l(). l-onitln, l 9.5 l
Zr'ki (;. [-at nglish
l{rlmansqu
Sulptur l l:l()_ l 2 t0. Lonlrrl. l95.
oA 379
pa
I{)tltttltltt . . ,: apTKTypI
KIITl I] :tlll{ttoM xop oopa B
Hayp. - B .: yo aa.
M.. 197 I.
r.n:lll I:. II. (|tt apotl pv-
tl oop. _ B ': K:ta-
tIKo yTI}() a. .' l973.
st'|ta S.l)i Wartbrirg. Dr.sdn' 196().
IJoklr,4. Dutsh Buhm|li Vol.goti-
shr ZOit. (Di l3laun Biih). Korrig-
-I.:rrrnus,
sti il I959.
IJo'klcr z.1. Dutsh BuhIr-ra|ri dr
.l'aunrrs.
ir l9.59.
I]uslt I]. Grnltli rtlraIri. Di htlh
Kunsl dr rrmatlislrn plt im Mittl'
rn t,iutlp:t. Win_Munlrrl' l 96.
(,utt,s G.I3zan rt la pintur r<l-tztt-l tl
Grtli. Paris. l 96(l.
('Islt I(. H. I)i l}ukunSt Il l Osts-
kiist zwishn lb unl O|. Drstlrr'
l9-55.
|)llitl ( i. Gshilrt I dutsl-ttl Ktllll,
Bd. l_2. Blin_I-ipzig. l9()r.
Dhio c. HlbuIr lr dutshn Kunst-
dnkrniil, Nu Auf1ag. Br]in, l974 u. f.
[)rr1sh Btrltmlri (ls MittlltS. l]il-
d-Baln, l9.5(l.
[)rttsh Ktrs1|nkrrlziI. lJzik llII-
Mglburg. l-ipztg. l96t.
I|i'st I'./1. iSlrWrk (ltltshr l]L|h
ta|ri um |as.Ihr |()()(). t)sln, |95.5.
P'i'st l,. H . I,last ik rr ir l Lltsh ll Rlittt ik.
Drsdn. l9(l().
(iIl l:. D<ll und K|tlstkihn am Rhin.
Mtinhn' l96.5.
( ] l ds t: hntitlt,.1. [)i dutshn Btlnztiirn
tls ll.iihn MiltlaIts. Mrburg/L-hlr'
l 9].
Htttst.hl l{. Di Gtlldn Ptlrt. t-ipzig.
196.1.
Ill|.||tt l. I'lirsau und di '"Ilirstt Bu-
shu|'.. Miinhn' l 9.5().
'Itz'tt H. Otttlrrish KrrIlst. tinhil'
1947.
.Iutza H. DutsIl []illhaLr ls l..Iahr.
hunlrts. Lipzig' l92.5.
Kijs I]. Nttmllttrr Wksttt. Br.|in.
!91.
.
Kubtt]t 17. ., I1s l,. Dr [)tlm zu Spyr.
,.til'lz'' |9J2.
 380 oo

I'hm /l. I) friih dLrlslr Kirhllau. 'Sltni . I-.rt italian. ' | 2. Firnz.
Llrlin' l9.1t)]. I 953r.

F., L|i)Ilius l!. Skl I]attkutlst.

h.I6llitt.
'Sulti lVI. itlin ]\4iniaturs' [-rlntltl. l957.
Blin, l9(l]. 'S!'ii I|' Wiliglltl l origiIlali dIl srrl-
rusk lt..l. l)i iutsh l)tlnr. Drstitl' tu tlIl.ltlitl. i]ano, l 9.56.
.l'l':u
l 96. I'. Strlri l|l' l itli a dll origirl i
.tlrintl,
I't|.sk 1l. Di lutsIl I)|astik ls iltll a|I fin dl stlItl iIl.
bis tlrizhlltlr Jltrhunlrts. iinh:, 1925 t921.
1924. Vtttri . Stia dcll'art il|iana. . 2 (Dall'
l'iltz (j. l)u1slr: lJillhaukIrst. I]li' art arbri lIa omnia).
.1i.
-3
1962. (I-.ltt rlmni:r). i|ntl. |9()2 l9()4.
l'idr W. D[ltsh I,lastik tls I.1. .IhrirLrrl-
lts.Miinhll, l 925. L4 il l 11pyt'"ll
'Stingriibcr, . Dutsl-r I)Iastik lir lriilr.
zi1. (I)i I]Iurr lJiih). iigstiIr irll iulttl tl l-'tr./. sari. Pinturas rtlm1t-
untls. l9(l l. nias. (olltitln UNSO). aris, l957.
'\tihl (). I)lts lrtts|t [tthLrs il itl As HispIria. Vol. 7, lJ, 9. Madrid, l!)52.
|t. I-ipzi, l 9()5. I 956. .
'\rztt'ski l/. Dutsho IlLrhtrl;llri ls (,ttt!l ('ulla
1l. lll lrt tlnt;ttlitl. l]ltl.
l. .lahhrrdrts. [}rIi. I9 j(l' na. 19.15.
Zsl N. (i1islr []kstikihll Ntltl. ('|ti'i .7.. rhi1lua giltilt r l}tlrtrtgl,
dtltsh|ntls. I-il.lzi' ()7()].
l Sul. 195;1.
('otlk |4,. l,. S. |-:t l)iIlttlil l,lltlil| ()lllaIil(' ll
ltlt (':ltaluilit. Mlr|i|, l 956.
Durlit . [-'itrl tltllan lt lls1llluit. [)t is'
.[l'ltt1l. l/, Ilprlxt))/lll .il.lll,I|- I 961.
tr [3tll;,t</lll't, 'l.' l 2. N{'. l9.56, (itlittrtl P., I]tid.l. [|isttlir d l:r pin1trrc
19.59. s1lalnll| 1 Il" rr I. sil. l,ris.
l,'t in ItllIiit. [l.cd. (i' l-. llgghilrnti. Vl|. 1 950.
2 3. Rtlnl, I96l{_l969. I'ulbr| . l,'t ttlthi1u 'n LlspaQn: tt
I}rgIIii /,. []Ivtl' Pntlnl strrria XIl.l Xlll" siills. Pais' l(}3 l.
lI|.r1. VrlI. 5. I,'at <lIltt.li' Ilitlztl. I,tbrl . L'rt rl s1;agn t au l)tlrlttqit|.
l96t). I)is, I9.1.5.
li!rlgt,t /,l I)i Artl.ligl tlo it:tlinislrr':ll Itirnr . Spani. Kutlst dt's
l'uIrl/ I,. ],
lri. [)st|n. I 9(l..:1. rilh Mi1tialtrs vtlm Ws1gotnih
('rihton /1. Rnltls;l.t Sulpttl i
(,-. bis ztrm [:]nd tlr llllaIrik. MtillIrll.
Italy. l-onltln. l 9.5.J. I 96.5.
I)kr lI' Itli trlrni:l. l)i hilh l(unst I,st:i . l,;l srtl1rta grlti i Spglr. (I
lr rmanish.n 1-ttlhil i Illin. Win. tnasti llIa sultuit, 99). l\4ilantl. l9(l(l.
l9-58. Sttl, I|. I)os. l-.t tllugis. l,ris' l95.
I'rnl:vi.'It(i. r1g. I]nllt1tl Ant]nri. ltl_
hittttl srtlttlr' l.rt tii su tllll)(). [ilt t, l-l;tpl
VtlI. l_2' t\,1ilntl. l9.52.
(]iut Fr. lliztini izntiislri nll Sii- Xluu-l|I Jltt . Rtal r:lt,
lta notnllttlt. PaIrno. l 9.5(). pl tJttt l3potl.
Hrmun /r. [-.rt i Ronra da| stlltr R .: Ba. xl .,rl f]p-
VtIl al tV. (Stori di ll"tlrn''n'ol. 23)' Bo- Py. aa llpia. N4., l97:l.
logna, I 9"i-5. I:]ottl,l. I).1,.R.,4. MiddIu'sh tlll
tttti M. Ar(.llil(|ttllil lirllt:tlti:t \'()lltil\(.il' htlurvkunst irl d Nltldlijkc NlrI.
]!1ilno. l96(). dn. Amstrlm' l947.
(),sl lrr. Di lJrrrvk ilt l Lirli (|lm I'.' IJut J.' rLtl' . t3igish
r,tlm 7. bis zutl-t lrJ. .llrr|tllltirt. Frarrkfut Krrstdnkrrriilr, I}d I. (Vrlnr 9. tlis l]d
m Main. o. D. ls i.5..|hs.). Miinhn' [92.1.
 oP 38l
(,tlll-Grt S., l-'iun J., Stiln J. r<-|tuuta,d . Il.tltltanish Kust in tlin,
l,'ztt rtlsatl. I]rulls' l96 l. 1 r.I.shlttlsi tlrv kli. U tl g'. Ru miitli ll
uil . |I. 'r De bowkunst van dc rnili- ui .|ugosIarr,in. l,rag. l 97.{.
luwn (Duizni jar bluu,n in Nl- l,'iit .I.l.1.lnlli l Slitiltltik unl tl
lanl, Br1 l). lstlam, l9.l8. Rnissn in BiihrIl l .l.5() - 1.5.50. Pr'
l.itntnrs.l.'l. . l) kunst van lrt Maasliii. i 9'5..
A..s, l97 l .
L,i'ttIik K. Gltik1 ttllttli Ila SIlvnsk.
Usnr K'll. Rir vtln Iluv untl sitt Sltlvnsk.i Nl,rtlrinl.i ga|6rilr L]tislv,
kiillstl.irh Nir|r|ilIc' i.rIrultr.t 197-s.
.Iahrbuh. 7). burg. i93. Dobrlwolski 7l Szttrk pllska. Krakiiw,
Vrluln l,l ,4../. llarldbtlk ttl1 l gshi- l\)7,1
lnis tlr ltdrlattlsk btluwkunst.
.

I]l l)rzri'i gi2niiski. Pra zbitrrowa..l.. l_2.

l_2. Dn Ilarr, 192 l92E. Wtllaw. I 9.5(l. l t)59.
I'' d o r w i'sz. . S| 1rs k sztuk jrln itlwi szn.
A.t.p Wtllalv' I9.1.
IJultlus,s P. t,tltt,' []uhtlit.ki W., I;ut:ht- t,rl:'u .\. rhitki i tttltlrvisztlrl'i rv
ti|illcr R., r:,k W. (]tltik irr C)strrih. rl)l\. wils/ll\\ it. l(,).\.
Win' l96 I. Z. [lrriiwnitrvtl lrlafsk rv
Sli|tolvski
I]tt'lulliki l,il. [)io gtl1ish Kihn f)str_ Pols. Kta|g zbtkw' Wolaw.
ihs. Wi' l9.5], l 96.
Gtltik i ostrrih. usstclIrrIrgskatIg. Szttrk p<llska przdrtllI1sklt i rrriska ltl
I(ls-Stirr tl tlr [)tllritrl, Min<litn shtk ll ,. I):tit zbitllw ptltl tl.
kilr. Krrrls all dr l)tlnu, 196;-l.
M. WaIikigtl..[.. 1-_2. Waszllrva' l97l'
Rtrlttltt,tish KLlllst i ostrih. usstl' 1972.
lLigskatlog' Krls-Sti ltll |r Drlti. Zuhlvklwisi./- 1lrllsk. Wll-
Mirrtll'i1nkiir. Krcnls lttl t l)lttt. szrvit, l 966. ^rl]|tktuil
i 96.1. gvltszlii lllttv6szt 1tit6n1. .l.. l.
A lllagyarszligi liivszt Iltlnlilgl|lis
l IJt t.p.lttl,
C-'r.p
ttil l9 sz. 13ul1.lst. l962].
Btltro BpHo pol
I)rsin-i D. [ltltnnish [lukunst ill
LJgrn. [3utlirpst' l 97.5'
ia . Apr,r.r'p tlt.litlt. M.. I)rL.stt.i 1)..l.h Rtll allr lf jszl-
I 959. gtll. Bulapst' I 9(l.5.
.l.<l (lrt Mtlpa
( ircir:lt 1,. Th Art
Iltl . . ot. []rrl nl Pst i th
lir.ta:t V[ . M." l97tJ. idr|I ,Ags. [ltllplst' l97 l
(jr I'. agyatlrszitgi vl1r6pitiszt. [Jul:t
.

Arhitktur v iskcl I-t.irltlIliltt l|itvi.

(Rd. Z. Wirth). I,ah. l9(l I pst' I9.5.5.
.I.hslv1r'ri' Krillsltlkmiilr in Uga. [[sg. vrlrl
.

L'art anin ataltlgu. .l.

J,is. l9.57. Gtltlrl. Lipzig' | 97.1.
l]|t|t' N' SIrijrr I}tihr |s Mittlltrs /tris; /l. Jlik. 13ul1lst. s' rl.
I'ag' | 97().
s Biilrnr. Vtqiutt . hittur si sultura rtr.
-
sk ulnni g()1ik6. l.5() l.i]()- (Rd. .I. mlti;i irr Iltri rnliqv:rlil. Buu1ti'
Piina). [,h, l97(). I 966.

I)tttil.llvti V., Krd'su 'l.' r|ukll,t1 ., Ars s]ovnia. T.. l-.1. Lju|.iana. I969.
'\tc jskl (. Gtlthi urJ illtirrg in l}rl- IJtlskovi( D7. Sr| jl,ktlvi gadovi u Vll'j-
]tlltia ntl M()lltvitl l()() I7lJ. [,tlnrltllt. vllini. (Vtljvtllinlr l). Nvi Sad. l939.
196,:1. (,vt' I'''. Srlrl.jcvska plastika tla Sltl-
.I.h<lrltlri
d ' M agi s1 r
[: r i Lts. l)h. ().5 (l. 1 vskm. ljubl.jn' l 963.
u|l . (.sk gotik uri. [,h. l 97]. orrt . SptlIrrnii u Hrvatsktlj. Zagrb'
t,,il ./. hhrlslovkialr Rtlllltls1u antl 19-s6.
(irl1hi IIlurliatd nusipts. Nw Ivklii (]. ' Dlnltins Arl.ritktur Lrnd
Yrk, l9.59. lstik' Win, l927.
382 JIoPA

Kruttttt 1-. Prgld razvja umjtnlsti rr pltt: !l.' Kzpolllt, P. T.lltl. ..M.,
Dalmaiji. Zagrb. l 9.52. 191 1.
s/1.] l'' M()ull]I]ta rtis sltlvnia. -I..
| 2. I} u zu B. Ilpollzl llp()Tpat t o op-
Ljtrtll.|ana. | 95_ l 938. MI po()Bo pl.l.yp JlT-
Stli, L'. Umt[tost v irntlju. tjubl.jan. tl. Tap,, |96().
19.16. l ul rc r u, t l nrc - u tl,t l /l. Ollorl r
D|. l.'6.
t

Dnlks kirkr. Konhavn' riPl.I poTpil||,Btl

pl'I lo-
l 9 ff. HI ']JIItl ()T 71alt -
,l'Slt.
iutltio t'j. LuIrls )omkvrk ulttlr tlllltrik l}I' B .: l-i1r:vtts ukstj rrro-
til. Lund, 1957. k| nltrkslo dI-llai. statb i arlritkt.
Kulturhistrik |iktl lij rrl1isk ml|titl t. l. Wilius, [9(l2.
f vikinatit ti]l rlilltiontii. I]d u1l.u:-. K., Kuul .' Iltl Jl'
I 16. Malmii. 195(r--197 I. l ltrr, pTKl.ypI . P.
Kush I:. Alt Kunst in SkandiIlvin. I9-56.
Niirnbrg, I96.:l. 1l,'1111,,,, . . Pril. M', I947.
l'c.ttlw . Norcs kunst. Oslrl. 192(l. P"tl B. Apr.l rlat <l-
Ntlrtlisk rl|til. K()llsthist()iSka stu(li llt..|I., |974 .
ti||:-icnad Arlin Trruls. (Ata LJ niv si- Ittl..ttttltt (]. y,tl . Nl., |919.
ttis Stokhrllrrri:sis. Sttlklr<llIrl Stttrlis tt I]. sti hitktrruri ajaluuu. TlIinrl.
.I'hrl:ius-Usslllg At' l). Uppsl, l9(l7'
i th [.listrlv tlf I 965.
. Dan.raks il[rlhug. urlittg 'S. Di Mrinkap|Ic l C)lai-
grkurtst. K1lltvn' l 9.5(). kih in Tllin und ihr t]ildwk. (oS
.I.uttls
. Rtllllttnsk krlnst i Noln. St<lk Ast:iamat I 9.5). l.tu' | 97.
htlll, l9(ltJ. Kurlig '\. Zur 13ugshiht lr I)tltll
|/ril Lt. Ntlsk trkitkttr. osIo' l9.17. kih zu Tllinn. Trtu, l9lJ.
1lu:tt' ('. ()' o
I]Ko.l.OpIx BotIp():l I|u V. Gtltlti puLrskulp1uur stis. TaIlill.
pil.'BT a l H t o.1lyt Jl r.- 1916.
.l'uuls
. Zrrr BtrsIlihtc rlr .l.ailin
I

V_XVI . lJ tl.: Lituvos'I.SR.

Aukrrstrj ltlkr k| ltlskItl tlbai. Sttv. Burg. (OBS As.taralnat l935). Ttu'
ba i rhi(ktura. l. l. Wilius, l92. l 97.
.a|]inna ,Ittt.
tl,p.lu,4. K. op.a"t apo P. Wttg W. kskagrr lmu.
Pa. l9.55. 1 960.
IIo OPAA' o pyp - 1, ,7' ,74' |35, 15"7,
PJIOTABB I79-l8|. IE7; ep ()Hat
Me, llpl 9; r.oe
OTOATPAI . opae pBO.t' o
- l0; a-
TTO A po.ll .,, Ba 25,
41; a . ap, Bap 42,- |.13'
- Ca,
||9-1'21.' l82' 183' 186; Aa
ope _ 49' 99, l00' 190' 19l; Be-
aep' exe
,72' 6l;
- 144-|52' 156, poo,
ar 136, |39,
158-162'-167; p, op
-
92-95' |53; Hea ooa, ,{p-
e l09-112 |.15-|,78' 185; . . ep-
-
, oo ' _ 148; . ay *
200. B TaI M a'BoBaI
apxBB aTBa ..yo>,
oa (DpJla ep y, /{p.
I1pea: .ayp, pIr(1),
Ha a, fipe (l)' p-
xap p, ,{p (30); . a,
o (5), Bep I{op' !p (23).
 [J D u t l l u l lnu u,t, I'str,'l :,r

( ]K.l.() lU I I]}]iK()l]
It AIIjll |(, |ll ,I l I I'^JlI'I I( )
F]I]O

Pop
.Iluzpt,t

o;
. )!iuJl

X'o; tl l,l patlJl

.I,.ttttttL,tltt

l.tt pl{Topl
I,. u I}. lpuo

Koppeopl
|. . ptl . . Mp.lt
. I;. N l47

ao op 07.08.80. allo lt-

a, 2J.1 l.79. ()632. q)()a.t' 'l\..||l
..1 10tl/32. : oi i0(h..'a-
tlTypil <Tai]>. :lt. .. .lr.
v.:I..^20, l6. .,. . 2|,22. -pa>
.l00 000. :a ! I207. I{lra.
2'p.. l0. a'.lltl <yo>,
lU3 (lU9 o. oo ilp'. ..
Tpa :lppeul' l1p.-
}r.