Diffraction grating by normal incidence method

AIM: To determine the wavelength of spectral lines of the mercury spectrum using a diffraction grating by normal
incidence method.
APPARATUS: Mercury source, Spectrometer, Grating, Reading lens, Light source etc
PRINCIPLE: When the parallel beam of light is incident normally on a grating it undergoes fraunhoffers diffraction
by measuring the angle of diffraction for different colors the wavelength of spectral lines are calculated.
g
FORMULA : Grating constant C= m Wave length =C sin (m)
sin g
where g= wave of green light = 5461 A0
g = angle of deviation for green light
PROCEDURE: Part-A: The preliminary adjustments of the spectrometer
a) The spectrometer is made leveling using the sprit level
b) The telescope of the spectrometer is adjusted for the parallax arrangement by focusing to the distant
object.
c) Collimator slit is made narrow by adjusting the slit adjusting screw.

d) All the components of the spectrometer are arranged in straight line and placed such that the collimator is
facing towards the mercury source.
Part -B: Setting of normal incidence position
a) The telescope brought in line with collimator and direct reading R1 is taken on one of the verniers and the
telescope is turned exactly 900(R2= R1 +900) from this position and clamped.
b) The grating is mounted on prism table and is rotated until the reflected image of the slit is seen through the
telescope and made to coincide with the point of intersection of wires. Fix the prism table now the angle of
disc is exactly 450.
c) The vernier disc is released and turned exactly through 450 in proper direction so that the surface of grating
is normal to the collimator; hence the rays are incident normally on the grating.
d) The telescope is brought in line with collimator to see white light the corresponding reading is noted (Ro).
e) The telescope is now rotated right side the first order spectrum is obtained the reading for different
spectral lines are noted by coinciding to cross wires and corresponding reading are noted (R).
g
f) The grating constant C is calculated using the relation C= m .
sin g
g) The wavelength of the spectral lines is calculated using the formula =C sin (m)

RESULT:

Colour of the Standard Experimental

spectral line Wavelengh(Ao) Wavelengh(Ao)

It is found that experimental value is nearly equal to the standard values

Ray diagram

OBSERVATION:

value of 1 MSD 0.5 0 30' '

Least count of the spectrometer= = = =1
Total no of divisionsonthe vernier 30 30

Direct reading R1=

Reading of the telescope turned through 900: R2= R1 +900

Order of spectrum, n=1

Reading of vernier after turned through 450: R3= R2-450

TABULAR COLUMN:

Colour of the Standard Spectrometer Direct reading Angle of deviation =C sin

spectral line Wavelengh(Ao) reading (R) deg (R0) deg =R0-R A0

Calculation :