Oromia Rural Roads Authority

Project Lepis River Bridge

Name of Bridge: Lepis
Designer Gebeyehu Aragaw

Date: 5 August 2004

SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN - 10m Clear Span

1. General Data
Grade Elevation = 1011.20 m
Foundation Level Elevation = 1007.30 m
Slab Thickness = 0.60 m
Unit weight of Concrete, gc = 24.00 KN/m
Unit weight of Masonry, gmasonry = 27.00 KN/m
Unit weight of Backfill , gbackfill = 19.00 KN/m
Allowable Bearing Capacity of foundation q_all = 250.00 KN/m
Span of Bridge = 10.40 m
Total Span of bridge from end of abutments = 10.80 m
Clear Roadway Width = 7.32 m
Number of Posts 14
Curb Width = 0.80 m
Rear Wheel Load = 72.00 KN
Number of Lanes = 2
2. Loads from Superstructure

I. Dead Load
Slab 1138.41 KN
Wearing Surface 86.96 KN
Curb 352.51 KN
Railing 38.88 KN
Posts 21.42 KN
Total = 1638.18 KN
Dead Load Per Abutment = 819.09 KN

II. Live Load

The Position of Loads for maximum reaction at supports is as follows:

I. For Spans from 5m to 8.5m

4.267m X
P P

B
A

Effective Span L

II. For Spans >8.6m

4.267m 4.267m X

P P P/4

A
B

Effective Span L

This bridge is Case II

X= 1.866 m
Reaction force at Support A = RA = 687.30 KN (Including Impact and other Effects)
 III. Dead Load of Fill Over Culvert

Height of Fill = 0.00 m

Width of Fill = 0.00 m

Dead Load of Fill = 0.00 KN

Dead Load of Fill Per Abutment = 0.00 KN

IV. Load on Abutment

Total Superstructure Force = 1506.39 KN

Load Per Linear meter = 168.88 KN/m

3. Abutment Cross-Section

W7
W9

W5
W6
H1

P1 W1
W2
P2 W4
H2

W3
P3
300

W8 300
300 X2 400 X1

Height of Masonry, H1 = 3.00 m

Height of Abutment, H = 3.30 m
Height of Soil infront of wall, H2 = 1.30 m
Size of X2 = 1.50 m
Size of X1 = 0.38 m
Width of Footing = 2.88 m

4. Lateral Earth Pressure

backfill = 30 = 0.5236 Radians

base soil = 27 0.4712 Radians
1 Sin 0.333
K a= =
1+ Sin
1+ Sin 2.663
K P= =
1 Sin

M_P1 = 24.36 KNm

P1= 14.76 KN

M_P2 = 37.93 KNm

P2 = 34.49 KN

M_P3 = 18.53 KNm

P3 = 42.75 KN

M_Desturbing = 62.29 KNm

 Total Sliding Force = P1+P2 = 49.25 KN

5. Moment About Toe

Part Weight (KN/m) Moment Arm Moment (KNm)

1 32.40 0.88 28.35
2 60.75 1.58 95.68
3 15.19 0.55 8.35
4 7.41 0.15 1.11
5 42.75 2.08 88.71
6 17.10 2.73 46.60
7 24.16 1.98 47.71
8 20.70 1.44 29.76
9 168.88 0.88 147.77
TOTAL 389.33 494.03

6. Safety Against Overturning

Stabilizing Moment 7.93 >2 ok!!

F . S .= =
Destabilizing Moment
7. Safety Against Sliding

Resisting Force
F.S.= = 2.57 >1.5 ok!!
Sliding Force
8. Safety Against Bearing Capacity Failure

M StabilizingM Destabilizing
X= = 1.16 m
V
e = (B/2) - X = 0.281 m e<B/6 with in kern Ok!!

q=
V ( 1 6 e )
B B

q max=
V ( 1+ 6 e )= 214.83 KPa qmax<qall Ok!!
B B

q min=
V (1 6 e )= 56.01 Kpa
B B
 Oromia Rural Roads Authority
Project Lepis River Bridge
Name of Bridge: Lepis
Designer Gebeyehu Aragaw

Date: 5 August 2004

SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN - 10m Clear Span

1. General Data
Number of Spans = 1
Number of Piers = 0
Bridge Clear Span Lc = 10.00 m
Roadway width w = 7.32 m
Sidewalk + Post on both ends = Sw 0.80 m

Loading Specification: AASHTO HS20 - 44

Design Standard AASHTO 1996

Concrete Class A fc' = fck = 2906.13 Psi 20.00 Mpa

Akaki Steel (300Mpa) fyk = 43591.89 Psi 300.00 Mpa
Grade 40 Rebars fyk = 40,000 Psi 275.79 Mpa

Concrete Modulus of Elasticity Ec = 23.20 Gpa

Steel Modulus of Elasticity Es = 200.00 Gpa
Modular ratio, n = 9.00
Unit weight of Concrete, gc = 24.00 KN/m

1.1 Determination of Section for Superstructure

Top Width of Abutment = 0.40 m
Take D = 0.60 m
Effective Span L = 10.40 m
Total Super structure width = w+2*Sw = 8.92 m

Assume:
Slab width b_s = 1.00 m
Slab thickness Df = 0.60 m

1.2 Design of the Slab

C/C of Supports (Abutments) = 10.40 m
Clear Span + Depth of Slab = 10.60 m
Effective Span (Min. of the two), S= 10.40 m

Loads on the Slab

Dead Load
Slab = gC*Df = 14.40 KN/m
Wearing Surface = 1.10 KN/m
Total = 15.50 KN/m

Total w_DL = 15.50 KN/m

M_DL =wS/8 = 209.56 KNm/m

Live Load

Impact Factor, I = (50/(S+125)) S is in feet

Impact Factor, I = 0.31

Use I = 0.31
Possible Location of Maximum Moment = (L/2-0.711)/L 0.4316 L
Longitudinal Wheel Spacing = 4.267 m
Influence Lines for Live Load

I. Moment Influence Line

Truck Moving to the Right Truck Moving to the Left
Moment Coefficients to be multiplied by the Design Wheel Load
 X/L P P P/4 Total P P P/4 Total
0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.10 0.9360 0.5093 0.0207 1.4660 0.9360 0.5093 0.0000 1.4453
0.20 1.6640 0.8106 0.0000 2.4746 1.6640 0.8106 0.0000 2.4746
0.30 2.1840 0.9039 0.0000 3.0879 2.1840 0.9039 0.0000 3.0879
0.40 2.4960 0.7892 0.0000 3.2852 2.4960 0.7892 0.0000 3.2852
0.4316 2.5514 0.7096 0.0000 3.2610 2.5514 0.7096 0.0315 3.2925
0.50 2.6000 0.4665 0.0000 3.0665 2.6000 0.4665 0.1166 3.1831

M_LL + I = 311.55 KNm/m

For Load Factor Design

Mu =1.25 M_DL +1.75 M_LL+I = 807.17 KNm/m

Balanced Steel Ratio =

0 . 003 fc 0.0358
b =
fy fy
+0 . 003
ES
Using only r= 0.75rb = 0.0268

Depth Required, dreq = d Mu
req = = 393.77 mm
fy
(
fy b 1 0. 59
fc )
Cover = 50.00 mm
Use Rebars of diameter = 32 mm
davailable = 534.00 mm Ok!!!

Main Reinforcement
MU
Area of Reinforcement Required As = A S=
f y ( d( a / 2))
Assume a = 110.16 mm
As = 6790.18 mm
Check a :
AS f y
a=
0. 85 f 'C b
a= 110.16 mm ok!!!

As_req = 6790.18 mm
Area of One bar , as = 804.25 mm

Spacing, S = 1000 aS 118.44 mm

S=
AS
Use diameter 32 mm bars c/c 115 mm Bottom
As_actual = 6993.46 mm

100
Distribution Steel, As_dist = A S dist = 50 1197.24 mm
S
Spacing of Diameter 16 mm bars = 167.94 mm
Use diameter 16 mm bars c/c 165mm (Bottom)

Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement

As per AASHTO Art. 8-20,

Provide (1/8)inch/ft for temperature and shrinkage reinforcement

As_temp = 0.125 in/ft

As_temp = 264.58 mm/m
Use diameter 12 mm bars
as = 113.10 mm
Spacing of Diameter 12 mm bars = 427.45 mm
Use Diameter 12 mm bars c/c 300mm (Top)

1.3 Design of the Curb Reinforcement

For the curb reinforcement, extend the slab reinforcement in to the curb for flexural resistance.

For Shear reinforcement, normally minimum reinforcement suffices.

For Spans up to 7m Use 12mm Bars C/C 300mm

For Spans greater than 8m Use 16mm Bars C/C 300mm