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Introduction:
The usage of compressed air is not limited only to industries, but they are also used in
manufacturing, welding, constructions, power plants, ships, automobile plants, painting shops,
and for filling breathing apparatus too. Thus there are so many types of air compressors used
specifically for the above purposes. Let us discuss on various types of air compressors.
Rotary Compressors:
These compressors are not of reciprocating nature, therefore does not have any pistons and
crankshaft. Instead, these compressors have screws, vanes, scrolls, and other devices which
rotate and thus compress air. The rotary compressors are classified into screw type, vane
type-lobe type, scroll type and other types.
Rocket propulsion
Types of chemical rocket engines
Chemical rocket engines use a fuel (something to burn) and an oxidiser (something to react
with the fuel). Together, they are referred to as the propellant.
As the propellant reacts inside a combustion chamber, the chemical reaction produces
hotgases. It is the ejection of these rapidly expanding hot gases at high speed from the
rocketnozzle that creates thrust.
The fuel and oxidiser can be stored as solids, liquids or a hybrid (a combination of solid and
liquid).
The three main engines on the tail of the Space Shuttle orbiter are liquid fuel rocket engines.
The external tank (ET) is the big orange tank and contains two separate storage tanks one
containing liquid hydrogen and one containing liquid oxygen.
The hydrogen and oxygen are pumped to the three main engines. They are sprayed into a
combustion chamber where the hydrogen reacts with the oxygen to form gaseous water. It is
the high-speed ejection of this gaseous water that produces the thrust.
Each main engine produces a thrust of 1.8 MN (1.8 million N). It does this by reacting 1340
litres of propellant each second and ejecting the gaseous water at a speed of 3560 m/s (12 800
km/h).
Hybrid propellant rocket engines
A hybrid propellant system has the fuel as a solid inside the combustion chamber. The liquid
oxidiser is stored in a separate tank. The simplest hybrid system is to have the oxidiser
underpressure in its tank. When a valve is opened, this oxidiser is released into the combustion
chamber. It then reacts with the solid fuel before being ejected.
One example of a hybrid system is the tea-1 launched by Rocket Lab.