HUMAN ANATOMY LECTURE NOTES - Types:

ARTICULATION (JOINTS) Ball and socket can move all the

axes
Immovable protection of softer organs Hinge and elbow joint (monoaxis)
Type: Pivot
Saddle trapezium metacarpal
I. Bony Joint/Synostosis bone; diaxis joint; wrist or thumb
bone
- Fuses/ossifies
Condylar atlanto occipital joint;
- Sacral (intervertebral): 26 fused
multiaxis
II. Fibrous Joint/Synarthrosis
*2D monoaxis elbow and joint
- Not fused
- Small gap *diaxis side to side
- Collagen fibers *multiaxis all the sockets
- Types
Sutures skull
.Serrate
.Lap overlap
.Plane
Gomphoses teeth
Syndesmoses longest fibrous CT

III. Cartilaginous Joint/ Amphiarthrosis

- Cartilage in between two bones

- Types
Synchondrosis: epiphyseal plate on
long bone
Symphysis: innervated joint
veterbral intervertebral disc; pubic
symphysis; absorbs shock

IV. Synovial/Diarthrosis

- Most mobile
- Movement/mobility
- Elbow/knee
- Frictionless/slippery because of synovial
fluid

*Synovial fluid: albumin + hyaluronic acid

w/ joint capsule

*Tendon sheath type of bursa; wrap

around

*tendon white and tough

HUMAN ANATOMY LECTURE NOTES

MOVEMENTS

1. Flexion
- Decreasing the angle of joint
- Thru sagittal plane

Extension

- Increasing or bringing back

2. Abduction (away) and Adduction (bring
back)
- Moving through coronal plane
3. Elevation and Depression
- Moving thu coronal plane but not doing
anything with decreasing distance
- Shoulder and jaw
4. Protraction and Retraction
- Moving thru sagittal plane but not doing
anything with decreasing distance
5. Circumduction
- 3D Anatomical position zero position
- Hyperextension
- Hyperabduction (posterior/anterior;
raise upward) or adduction (wrist
crossover)
6. Supination
- Palms facing upward
Pronation
- Palms facing downward
- Radius crosses downward
7. Rotation
- Twisting
- Anterior portion of arm rotates
clockwise and counterclockwise: medial
rotation and lateral rotation
- Head and trunk: right and left rotation
8. Excursion
- Lateral and medial (0 position)
- Radial and ulnar flexion, palmar
abduction, dorsi and plantar flexion