Analog Circuits by Kanodia

DIODE CIRCUITS_EX
1
EXAMPLE 1.1
Consider the circuit with two diodes as shown in Figure. Diode D1
is Ge diode with cut-in voltage Vg = 0.2 V while D2 is Si diode with
cut-in voltage Vg = 0.6 V. The forward dc resistances of diodes D1 and
D2 are 20 W and 15 W, respectively. Determine the current through
diodes when
(a) R = 10 kW, and
(b) R = 1 kW.

SOLUTION :

In this problem we follow the methodology of analysis of diode circuits

discussed in Section 3.3. Let currents through diode D1 and D2 be I1
and I2 as shown in the Figure.
(a) When R = 10 kW
Step 1: First we assume that both diodes D1 and D2 are in forward
biased mode.
Step 2: We replace both the diodes by their piecewise linear equivalent
model as shown in the figure.
Step 3: Now the resultant circuit is simple resistive circuit with dc
sources. We can apply KVL and KCL in the resultant circuit.
Writing KVL in first half loop, we get
-100 + 10 _I1 + I2i + 0.02I1 + 0.2 = 0
10.02I1 + 10I2 = 99.8 ...(i)
Writing KVL in second half loop, we get
-0.02I1 - 0.2 + 0.6 + 0.015I2 = 0
0.02I1 - 0.015I2 = 0.4 ...(ii)
Solving Eq (i) and (ii), we get,
I1 = 15.692 mA
While writing KVL in the first half loop, note
I2 =- 5.743 mA that current through R is _I1 + I2i. Also in
Step 4: Now we verify our initial assumption that diode is ON. Eq (i) and (ii) all resistances are in kW and
(i) Since I1 is positive (current through diode is from p to n ), currents are in mA.
diode D1 is On and our assumption is true.
(ii) Since I2 is negative, our initial assumption that D2 is ON is
incorrect. Hence we conclude that D2 is OFF.
Step 5: Now, we repeat the analysis by assuming that D2 is OFF.
Since D2 is OFF, I2 = 0. Substituting I2 = 0 in Eq (i), we get

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 Analog Circuits by Kanodia
Page 2 Diode Circuits_Ex Chapter 1

10.02I1 + 10 # 0 = 99.8
I1 = 9.96 mA
Step 6: Again we verify our assumption that D1 is ON and D2 is OFF.
Since I1 is positive, D1 is ON. To confirm that diode D2 is indeed
OFF, we find the voltage across it. By writing KVL in the second
half loop, we get
-0.02I1 - 0.2 + VD2 = 0
-0.02 _9.96i - 0.2 + VD2 = 0
Since diode D2 is Si diode and forward voltage across it is less than
cut-in voltage (0.6 V in this example), diode D2 is indeed OFF.
Hence, our second assumption is true and current through diodes are
I1 = 9.96 mA and I2 = 0.

(b) When R = 1 kW
Again, first we assume that both diodes D1 and D2 are in forward
biased mode. Writing KVL in the first half loop, we get
-100 + 1 _I1 + I2i + 0.02I1 + 0.2 = 0
1.02I1 + I2 = 99.8 ...(iii)
Writing KVL in the second half loop, we get
-0.02I1 - 0.2 + 0.6 + 0.015I2 = 0
0.02I1 - 0.015I2 = 0.4 ...(iv)
Solving Eq (iii) and (iv), we get
I1 = 53.74 mA
and I2 = 44.99 mA
Since both currents are positive, our initial assumption that diodes
D1 and D2 are ON is correct. However we can verify this by finding
voltages across the diodes. If we calculate the voltages across diodes
D1 and D2 , they are
VD1 = 0.02I1 + 0.2
= 0.02 # 53.74 + 0.2 = 1.2748 V
VD2 = 0.015I2 + 0.6
= 0.015 # 44.99 + 0.6 = 1.2748 V
Since voltage across both the diode VD1 and VD2 are positive, both the
diodes are forward biased and our assumption is true.

EXAMPLE 1.2
The circuit shown in Figure consists of two identical silicon diodes
each having a forward dc resistance of 30 W and cut-in voltage 0.6 V.
Find the value of output voltage _Voi for the following values of input
voltages
(a) V1 = V2 = 5 V
(b) V1 = 0, V2 = 5 V
(b) V1 = 5 V, V2 = 0
(c) V1 = V2 = 0

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