Satellite Services Regulatory Issues and Broadband Internet

Presenter: E. Kasule Musisi

ITSO Consultant
Email:
kasule@datafundi.com
Cell: +256 772 783 784

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 Presentation Outline

1. Broadband Basics
Definition, Role, Fixed Services, Mobile Services
2. Demand for Broadband
3. Satellite Industry Overview
Demand Drivers, Supply Drivers: Technology, Investment, Orbital Resources,
Spectrum Resources
4. Broadband Infrastructure and Solutions
5. Application and Technology Trends and Standards
Rationale for Satellite
Hybrid satellites, HTS
Satellite Component of IMT-Advanced
6. Regulatory Issues
International: WRC -15 Outcomes ( in support of Satellite Broadband , WRC-19,
Licensing Regimes, MSS regulation ( Inmarsat NRB 2016)
National:
7. Addressing the Challenges
ITU Studies, Broadband Development Agenda

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 What is broadband?

Broadband, also referred to as wideband, is used frequently to

indicate some form of high-speed access. Broadband is frequently used to
indicate an Internet connection at 256 kbit/s in one or both directions.

For the purpose of this presentation, the term broadband refers to data
rates that correspond to the user rate of 2 Mbit/s and higher.

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 Social Economic Importance of Broadband

There is general agreement around the world that Broadband: is an enabler

for economic and social growth; is a tool for empowering people; creates an
environment that nurtures the technological and service innovation and
triggers positive change in business processes.
Broadband has therefore become a key priority of the 21st Century.

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 Broadband Demand 1/4

90
Average penetration per 100 inhabitants

Developed
80
World
70
Developing
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

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 Broadband Demand 2/4

The transport and Logistics and emergency services sector are dependant on
access to mobile broadband for their day to day operations.

Journalists depend on portable and/or mobile broadband terminals to relay

news from remote/disaster areas /war zones back to their headquarters.

People all over the world are increasing being accustomed to having
personal access to broadband on the move whether for work, leisure or
security.

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 Broadband Demand 3/4

World Internet Penetration Rates By Geographical Regions 2010

North America 77.4%

Oceania/Australia 61.3%
Europe 58.4%
Latin America/Caribbean 34.5%
Middle East 29.8%
Asia 21.5%
Africa 10.9%
World Average 28.7%

Source: Internet World Stats-www.internetworldstats.com.stats.htm. Penetration rates are based on world population of 6,845,609,960 and
1,966,514, 816 estimated internet users on June 30, 2010
Copyright@2010, Miniwatts Marketing Group

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 Broadband Demand 4/4

Cost and Availability are the two main challenges to addressing the
gap in broadband access especially in remote/rural areas

The answer is to deploy a network that has wide coverage, is able to

overcome long distances and inhospitable terrain and can be rapidly
put in place. This is not an easy task.

Satellite technology is ideally suited to achieve this task.

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 Broadband Satellite

Broadband satellite also refers to systems that have the capability to

receive and transmit rich media content from the satellite to the
network end-users and between the end-users whether at home or in the
office. Satellite broadband can also include a hybrid solution, where the
middle mile is provided via satellite and extended to end-users via
terrestrial IMT technologies.

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Satellite Industry Overview 1/5

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Satellite Industry Overview 2/5

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Satellite Industry Overview 3/5

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 Satellite Industry Overview 4/5

Source: Satellite Industry Association (USA), September 2015

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 Satellite Industry Overview 5/5

Source: Satellite Industry Association (USA), September 2015

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Satellite Infrastructure and Solutions 3/3

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 Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 2/7

For the provision of broadband at a large scale, a satellite option may make a
lot of economic sense. At least two areas where sufficient progress has been
made and that are helping in reducing the costs of satellite delivery are:
use of spot beam technology (example: Ka band (HTS) High Throughput
Satellite) and secondly,
he use of hybrid technology that brings about synergy between terrestrial
and satellite components for broadband delivery.

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 Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 3/7

On the hybrid technology front, the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau has

developed detailed specifications of the radio interfaces for the satellite
component of IMT-Advanced.

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 Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 4/7

Multiple Spot Beams

multiple narrowly focused spot beams and frequency reuse makes the satellite
capable of maximizing the available frequency for transmissions. Increasing
bandwidth by a factor of 20 or more, as compared to traditional satellites
translates into better efficiencies. Despite the higher costs associated with spot
beam technology, the overall cost per circuit is considerably lower compared to
shaped beam
technology.

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Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 5/7

HTS: Key Design Decisions:

Spectrum
Throughput
Architecture
Coverage
Efficiency

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 Satellite Technology for Broadband 6/7

HTS can be developed in any frequency band: C, Ku, Ka. The frequency
selection is driven by many considerations:
Coverage and beam size
Atmospheric conditions in the region that is being served
Availability of a robust ecosystem of ground technologies

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 Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 7/7

High Frequency Re-use Factor (FRF)

According to ITU studies, HTS satellites in the GSS orbit have an average
Frequency Re-use Factor (FRF) of up 5 ( at specific orbital locations) as
compare to an average of 1.5 convectional satellites

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 Global Broadband Satellite Network Scenarios 1/2
Access Network Content Distribution Core Network
(end user <>edge) to the edge (Trunk Interconnect)

Point-to-point e.g.
Point-to-Point + Multicast Multicast
ISP Links between continents

Content
LMDS
ADSL

PoP
ADL: A symmetric digital subscriber line
LMDS: Local point multipoint distribution system
PoP: Point of Presence

Source: Recommendation ITU-R S.1709-1 22

An example of IMT-Advanced system architecture using the SAT-OFDM

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 Regulatory Issues 1/5

WRC-15 dealt with ( and made resolutions) on some pressing issues concerning
the use of orbit-spectrum resource that were not in line with international
regulatory procedures; issues that affect availability of orbital resources for
broadband services; issued that had the potential to block new broadband
satellites that could be used to serve developing countries.
WRC OUTCOMES W.R.T:
Agenda Items 1.6
Agenda Item 9.2

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 Regulatory Issues 2/5
WRC-15: AGENDA ITEM 1.6
New Allocation for fixed satellite service in 13/14 GHz (WRC-15 Decision) (1/2)
Bandwidth (MHz)
Frequency bands (GHz) Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
Earth-to-space direction (Uplink)
12.7 -12.75 50
13.75-14.5 750 750 750
14.5 -14.75 (Res PLEN/1) 250 250
14.5 -14.8 (RES PLEN/2) 300
Total spectrum in the uplink 1 000 1 050 1 050
Space-to-Earth direction (Downlink)
10.95-11.2 250 250 250
11.45-11.7 250 250 250
11.7 -12.2 500
12.2 -12.5 300
12.5-12.75 250 250
13.4 -13.65 250
Total spectrum in the Downlink 1 000 1 050 1 050 25
 Regulatory Issues 3/5

WRC-15: AGENDA ITEM 9.2 (Earth Station in Motion ESIM) RES COM5/2
WRC-15 agreed to facilitate the global deployment of Earth Stations In
Motion (ESIM) in the 19.7-20.2 and 29.5-30.0 GHz frequency bands in
the fixed-satellite service (FSS), paving the way for satellite systems
to provide global broadband connectivity for the transportation
community.

Earth stations on-board moving platforms, such as ships, trains and

aircraft, will be able to communicate with high power multiple spot
beam satellites, allowing transmission rates in the order of 10-50
Mbits/s.

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 Regulatory Issues 4/5
Other WRC-15 Resolutions related to Satellite Broadband

RESOLUTION COM6/21 (WRC-15):Facilitating access to broadband

applications delivered by high-altitude platform stations: to study
additional spectrum needs for gateway and fixed terminal links for HAPS
to provide broadband connectivity in the fixed service taking into
account

RESOLUTION COM6/23 (WRC-15): Studies relating to spectrum needs and

possible allocation of the frequency band 37.5-39.5 GHz to the fixed-
satellite service:
considering that:
next-generation fixed-satellite service technologies for broadband will
increase speeds (45 Mbps is already available), with faster rates
expected in the near future;
c) that technological developments such as advances in spot-beam
technologies and frequency re-use are used by the fixed-satellite service
(FSS) in spectrum above 30 GHz to increase the efficient use of
spectrum;
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 Regulatory Issues 5/5

National Licensing
-More spectrum Harmonisation across countries
-More liberalisation
-More standardisation

Spectrum efficiency
Need to allow services to serve national needs. Benefits are Immense
-Less spectrum management for the Administrations
-A standard and copyable approach to authorisations
-Costs are less for operator and users(affordable equipment and broadband)
-Deploying services to users is much quicker

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Broadband Satellite Some Disadvantages (1/2)

High Cost

However.
New satellites with high capacity of the order of 100 Gbit/s coupled with
multiple beams and multiple gateways, is resulting in a 100 to 1 reduction in
cost per Mbps when compared to the 1 Gbit/s Ku band conventional
satellites.

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Broadband Satellite Some Disadvantages (2/2)

High Latency ( when using GEO Satellite's)

However.
Since latency is due to the distance between the satellites and the earth,
satellites in lower earth orbits have less latency than geostationary satellite
networks.

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 Addressing the challenges 1/2

Satellite Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) studies in ITU

Studies on satellite BWA in ITU-R are carried out in Study Group 4
Working Party 4A-
Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for FSS and BSS
Working Party 4B-
Systems, air interfaces, performance and availability objectives for FSS, BSS and MSS,
including IP based applications and Satellite News Gathering (SNG)
Working Party 4C-
Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for MSS and Radio Determination Satellite Service
(RDSS )

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 Addressing the challenges 2/2

Recommendation ITU-R S.1782:

Possibilities for global broadband Internet access by fixed-satellite service systems;

Recommendation ITU-R S.1709-1:

Technical characteristics of air interfaces for global broadband satellite systems;
Recommendation ITU-R S.1711-1:
Performance enhancements of transmission control protocol over satellite networks;
Recommendation ITU-R S.1783:
Technical and operational features characterizing high-density applications in the fixed-
satellite service

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 Addressing the challenges 2/2

Three Standards have been developed:

Internet Protocol over Satellite (IPoS) by TIA (Telecom Industry

Association);

Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite (DVB-S), interactive channel for

satellite distribution systems by ETSI (European Telecommunication
Standards Institute);

Air interface specifications for global broadband communications

between earth stations and regenerative satellites that is based on
ETSI BSM/RSM-A (Broadband Satellite Multimedia/Regenerative
Satellite Mesh).

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Thank You!

Questions?

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