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INERTIA FORCES 67

then be used to solve for W2 in the equilibrium equation for W2. In


Fig. 3-5c
2 vertical forces = 0

W2 = 2T cos 62 (3-11)
Locomotive Side Rod. The maximum bending moment is to be calcu
lated for the locomotive side rod AB shown in Fig. 3-6. The rod has a
length I and weighs w lb per unit length.
The cranks rotate uniformly at N rpm.
Each point on the rod moves along a ,
circle of radius R with constant speed ,

V. All elements of the rod have an

acceleration of V2/R toward the center, \


and the distributed inertia force has
a magnitude {w/g^V/R). Fig. 3-6. Locomotive side rod.
Consider the rod as a beam sup
ported at the ends with a uniformly distributed load. Maximum bend
ing moment is at the center. When the rod is at its lowest position the
inertia load and weight are in the same direction and additive. This rep
resents the maximum bending moment. Then

M- =
{W^)l (3"12)

In actual cases the effect of theinertia force is considerably greater than


the weight of the rod alone. The inertia effect increases as the square
of the speed.
3-3. Translation and Rotation General Case. In Chap. 2 it was
observed that any type of body motion could be accomplished by a
combination of translation and rotation. As summarized in Sec. 2-7,
the principle of linear momentum is applied to the translation. The mass
center moves as a particle with a mass equal to the total mass of the
system, under the influence of a force equal to the sum of all external
forces acting on the system. Then
F = mfc
(3-1)
where r,;is the position vector of the mass center with respect to the
origin of a coordinate system fixed in space. Where rotation is also
involved, further equations are necessary. Under these circumstances,
use is made of the principle that the time rate of change of the moment
of momentum of a system of particles taken about the mass center equals
the sum of the moments of the external forces about the mass center.
This is true when the center is fixed or moving. This principle was
expressed mathematically as
H = M (2-32)

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