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cable accessories
Dr. Robert Strobl, Wolfgang Haverkamp, Dr. Gerold Malin, Frank Fitzgerald,
Tyco Electronics Raychem IEEE/PES Member Tyco Electronics Raychem PE IEEE/PES Member
GmbH / Energy Division Tyco Electronics Raychem GmbH / Energy Division Tyco Electronics Corporation
Ottobrunn, Germany GmbH / Energy Division Ottobrunn, Germany Energy Division
Ottobrunn, Germany Fuquay-Varina, NC, USA
well explained in the literature and widely used. Devices Carbon Black Filler [%]
that utilize this method of stress control are terminations Figure 4: Percolation plot of various polymers
and splices, where the conical electrode is moulded or taped Mainly the compounding and manufacturing processes
from a conductive elastomer with a volume resistivity of defined the characteristics of the final product. Producing a
Rvol ~ 102 cm. Paper cable accessories consists of a cone means of stress control for MV and HV applications
made from metal (Pb or Al), which is then soldered to the requires careful selection of polymer type and carbon black.
metal cable shield or again taped with paper tapes and This selection of materials and the subsequent processing
metallic foils. method are fundamental in achieving the desired electrical
Model
doped polymer. -2
1x10 mA
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
crystalline melt point and can then be transformed into Figure 7: Comparison of carbon black systems
different shapes and dimensions and frozen when the field.
material is again cooled down. Using stress-grading doped Calculations of the electrical stress distribution along a
formulations the designed impedance remains stable termination interface demonstrate that the electrical stress
through the polymer phase transition and maintains the grows less as the voltage increases. The calculated results
electrical stress grading properties within the required were confirmed by experimental measurement (E-Field
limits. vector measurements).
The morphology is temperature stabilized within wide Three times higher operation voltage responses only to ~
application ranges of electrical conductive polymers. This 2.5 stress increase, whereas the geometric stress control
provides improved performance during ageing under methodology results in equivalent stress increasing in
temperature and electrical field operating conditions. The proportion to the voltage increase.
radiation substantially reduces the amorphous content of Furthermore, a combination of various polymer and
semi-crystalline polymer. The polymer exhibits increased elastomer compounds using different types of filler grades
resistance to chemicals, less MVT (moisture vapour allow cable accessory applications up to 90kV operation
transmission), improved shape stability (less swelling under voltages. From a design perspective, the stress control by
solvent attack), and improved gas sealing characteristics. material technology allows the designer to create products
for circular cable as well as sector shaped cable [4, 5].
A. Ceramic technology
The new developed stress control system is based on a
special ceramic powder and operates differently from the
carbon-black loaded stress control system mentioned earlier
in the paper.