The Natural History of MEAS LES
Dimapilis, Ma. Carmela
AGENT:
Measles virus
HOST: Humans are the primary
host, but non-human primates
can also be a host
ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS:
Human beings are the
only vector. Not found in the
environment
High concentration of
unvaccinated people
In places with poor
hygiene and lack of proper
nutrition
PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD
HEALTH PROMOTION
o Practice hygiene and
cleanliness
o Get the measles vaccine
o Boost your Immune System
SPECIFIC PROTECTION
o Isolation. Because
measles is highly
contagious from about
four days before to four
days after the rash breaks
out, people with measles
shouldn't return to
activities in which they
interact with other people
during this period.
o Vaccinate. Be
sure that anyone who's at
risk of getting the
measles who hasn't been
fully vaccinated receives
the measles vaccine as
soon as possible.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
HUB 31
The Course of Disease in Humans
CLINIC DEATH
AL
HORIZ
CHRONIC STATE
ON Common complications from
DISABILITY measles include otitis media,
Rash that spreads down the
bronchopneumonia,
arms and trunk, then over
ILLNESS the thighs, lower legs and laryngotracheobronchitis, and
Total-body skin rash and flu-like diarrhea. Unvaccinated young
symptoms,
feet.
children are at highest risk of
including a fever, cough, and
runny nose.
infects the intestinal tracts measles
of and its complications,
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS most persons with measles
including death
causing diarrehea.
TISSUE & cough RECOVERY DEFECT
PHYSIOLOGIC fever
Conjunctivitis occurs in most
CHANGES red eyes A decrease in symptoms, such as persons with measles, and The virus infects the mucous
light sensitivity less coughing, lower fever and membranes, then spreads
full-body rash muscle aches overall feeling in the body. Once
inflammation of the cornea
(keratitis) is common throughout the body including
Koplik's spots, small red spots runny nose
with blue-white centers that
the disease has run its course, the
the brain.
sore throat person will be immune from the
appear inside the mouth.
virus.
PERIOD OF PATHOGENESIS
EARLY DIAGNOSIS & DISABILITY LIMITATION REHABILITATION
There is no specific medical
PROMPT TREATMENT treatment for measles.
Monitor the disease
using effective surveillance,
SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for Have plenty of fluids and encourage and evaluate programmatic
symptoms, microbiological and extra rest. efforts to ensure progress of
serological testing for measles If a fever is making you health
virus or anti-measles antibodies uncomfortable, you can have a non- Treatment of measles is
aspirin fever medicine, such as essentially supportive care
acetaminophen or ibuprofen. with maintenance of good
FIRST AID/TREATMENT: There is
hydration and replacement of
currently no treatment for Good nutrition, and treatment of fluids lost through diarrhea or
measles other than supportive dehydration with WHO- emesis.
Intravenous (IV)
recommended oral rehydration
care. rehydration may be necessary
solution.
if dehydration is severe
IMMUNIZATION: There is a Two doses of vitamin A supplements, Patients should receive
trivalent vaccine using live- given 24 hours apart. This treatment regular follow-up care with a
restores low vitamin A levels during primary care physician for
attenuated virus of measles, measles that occur even in well-
surveillance of complications
mumps and rubella (MMR) nourished children and can help arising from the infection
prevent eye damage and blindness.
SECONDARY PREVENTION TERTIARY PREVENTION