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AbstractThe paper introduces the theory of gas the coefficient of spectral absorption. L is the length of
concentration detection by infrared absorption spectrum and optical path. At the same time, (v) can also be expressed as
the modeling method of gas detection simulation system based follow:
on LabVIEW. On the basis of wavelength modulation
technology, the second harmonic curve of the absorption v = S (T ) g (v) PC (2)
spectrum is extracted by phase-locked algorithm and the P is the total pressure of the mixed gas and C is the
concentration of the target gas can be obtained. By changing concentration of the target gas. S(T) is called the line
the parameters of the target gas concentration and modulation strength of characteristic spectrum. g (v) is defined as line
coefficients, the variation of the absorption curves and the shape function.
second harmonic curves is acquired. It provides the reference Putting (2) into (1), the concentration formula of target
for the design of gas detection system in practice. gas can be obtained as following:
Keywordsinfrared absorption spectrum; simulation system; C=
ln( I 0 / I t ) (3)
the second harmonic wave; phase-locked amplifier; LabVIEW S (T ) g (v ) PL
0
= exp[ g (v) S (T ) PCL ] cos(n )d obtain the testing result, the phase-locked amplifier can be
used to extract the peak of second harmonic signal. The
Where equals multiplied by time t . (v) is much schematic diagram is shown in figure 3.
less than 1, so (7) can be further converted as follow:
2I0
An (v) =
0
[1 g (v) S (T ) PCL] cos(n )d
(8)
2 I 0 S (T ) PCL
=
0
g (v) cos(n )d
g(v) is the function which is used to describe the shape of Figure 3. The schematic of phase-locked amplifier
the absorption lines. Typical functions include various types, The reference signal r (t ) which is transferred to
for example the Lorentz line and the Gaussian line. Usually phase-locked amplifier can be settled as:
the Lorentz line is selected because the gas pressure is close
to the standard atmospheric. The Lorentz line is defined as r (t ) = K cos(2t + 0 ) (12)
(9). 0 represents the initial phase.
1 vc (9)
g (v ) = I 2 f is multiplied with the reference signal r (t ) then
2 (v v ) 2 + ( c ) 2
v
0
2 the synthesized waveform signal u p (t ) is gotten as follow:
Where v is the actual output frequency of the laser beam. v0
is the center frequency of the gas absorption line. vc is
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u p (t ) = r (t ) I 2 f = K cos(2t + 0 ) A2 (v) cos(2t ) IV. THE SIMULATION OF THE DETECTION SYSTEM BASED
(13) ON LABVIEW
1 1
= KA2 (v) cos(0 ) + KA2 (v) cos(4t + 0 ) LabVIEW is a graphical programming software platform
2 2 which is launched by National Instrument (NI) company. It
Passing u p (t ) through to a low-pass filter, the output provides a lot of sub-VIs to choose. LabVIEW has special
graphics program and simple development interface. It can
signal u (t ) B3 is as follow: shorten the development cycle and is convenient to further
1 software maintenance.
KA2 (v) cos(0 )
u p (t ) = (14) The virtual system of target detection is made of three
2 modulations. It includes the light source modulation module,
Then by (11) and (14), I 2 f can be calculated. When the the gas chamber and optical path module, data processing
injected current to the laser is around the center frequency and display module. Virtual system can display the chamber
absorption curve and second harmonic absorption curve. It
v 0 of the target gas spectral absorption line, I 2 f will acquire can not only display the gas absorption information and
the maximum of I 2f max at the position v 0 . calculate the gas concentration but also analyze the influence
of various parameters to concentration detection. The frame
C. The noise of the system of the virtual system is shown as figure 4:
Generally, there are three main noise sources in
detection system. They are respectively detector noise, laser V. THE SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
additional noise and deviation noise which is caused by the The main initial parameters of setting contain the
r a nd o m r e s i d ua l a mp l i t ud e mo d ul a t i o n ( R A M ) . incident intensity I 0 , length of optical path L, the
Detector noise includes shot noise, thermal noise and
1/f noise. Because thermal noise and shot noise have white concentration of the target gas C and line width vc . I 0 is
noise spectrum characteristics, their influences can be
equal to 100 candela and L is 15 meter long. The value of C
reduced by the way of filtering. 1/f noise is more noticeable
in low frequency and can be effectively restrained by is 50% and vc is equal to 0.05.
wavelength modulation technique. Laser additional noise The results of the simulation system are shown in figure
can be decreased obviously by choosing the appropriate 5 and figure 6. The horizontal coordinate represents the
lasers. Deviation noise is brought by the modulation of light scanning frequency by the form of wave number. The
intensity and mainly affect the symmetry of harmonics longitudinal coordinate represents the value of simulation
sideband amplitude. It is difficult to eliminate the influence. results.In figure 5, it reflects the actual absorption of optical
In this paper, the method of wavelength modulation is chamber and displays the gas absorption curve which is
adopted and the intensity of the laser is unchanged in theory. describe by white curve. In figure 6, it shows the second
harmonic wave of the emission output intensity which is
So the deviation noise is very small and can be ignored.
displayed by white curve.
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By changing the gas concentration, for example the In figure 8, it shows the difference of the second
value of C is 25%, the absorption curve of target gas and the harmonic wave resulting after changing the coefficient m.
second harmonic wave are shown respectively by red curve Three different color curves are white curve, red curve and
in figure 5 and figure 6. green curve. They correspond to the different value of m.
With the value increasing of m, the second harmonic wave
will become wider and its amplitude will decrease. It means
that the second harmonic wave will become wide and its
amplitude will become smaller with the increasing of m.
Analyzing the relationship between the parameters value
and the curve fluctuation can provide the reference of system
design in practice.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
Figure 5. Absorption curve of different concentration This paper focuses on the weak signal detection and
analysis of wavelength modulation method on the basis of
gas absorption spectrum principle. Based on LabVIEW, the
model of gas absorption is built and the simulation process is
fulfilled. By changing the system parameters, the
characteristics of the second harmonic signal are analyzed
under the condition of different concentrations and
modulation coefficients.
It indicates that the theoretical analysis and simulation
Figure 6. The second harmonic wave of different concentration results are consistent. So it not only provides theoretical
In figure 5, gas concentration is proportional to the support for the parameters selection in practical tests but also
absorption peak curve. The white curve peak is the twice of provides the reference for the subsequent design in the
the red curve peak. When the gas concentration reduces to future.
half, the output intensity of laser beam will double and the ACKNOWLEDGMENT
absorption degree of optical chamber will reduce to half of
the original value. In figure 6, gas concentration is This paper is successfully fulfilled in collaboration with
proportional to the second harmonic peak. When gas Wang lei who is my graduate. Thanks for Fang Pengcheng
concentration becomes 25%, the second harmonic peak is the senior engineer who gives me much suggestion and help
half height of the white curves peak. during the research process. And the project is supported by
Similarly the initial values of the other parameters the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
changing will also affect the gas absorption curve and second Universities (WUT:2014-IV-102). It creates the conditions
harmonic wave. As it is shown in figure 7, the value of for the deep research.
modulation coefficient v c is separately chosen as 0.05 and
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Zhou Bin: Associate Professor of Wuhan University of
Technology
E_mail: zhou_bin@whut.edu.cn
Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities (WUT:2014-IV-102)
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