MODULE 1

Object-Oriented Program Logic and Design

Chapter 1
Introduction to Computer Programming

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Basic Components of a Computer System

Hardware
Software
Peopleware

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Basic Components of a Computer System

Hardware
Is the tangible physical device(s) that forms part of
the computer
It is composed of electronic and mechanical parts:
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Memory
Storage devices (hard disks, disk drives, DVD drives)
Input-Output devices (keyboards, monitor, printer,
mouse, speaker, etc.)
1. Introduction to Computer Programming I
 Basic Components of a Computer System

Software
Intangible part of the computer system
Are the programs, processes and data that reside
in the computers memory or hard drive and
contain instructions that the computer will
execute
Example: operating systems, language processors,
application software, systems software

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Basic Components of a Computer System

Peopleware
Persons who use, maintain, administer or simply interact
with the computer
Example:
Users of a office productivity tools, application software or
business software
Software Developers (programmers, analysts, testers)
Professionals (businessmen, architects, engineers, scientists,
medical practitioners)
Network administrators
Hardware maintenance technicians

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Classification of Software

Two general classifications of software

Applications Software
Programs designed to perform specific tasks. It is designed and
developed by systems developers or software vendors to meet
specific needs or solve specific problems

Systems Software
Programs designed to manage the internal working environment
of the computer for effective operation
Includes operating systems, language processors, networking
software

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Software Engineering

The discipline of developing and maintaining

efficient and reliable software that satisfy the
requirements that customers or users have set

The process of development of software is

called the Systems Development Life Cycle

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 What is programming?

The process of writing software in a specific

programming language to meet systems
requirements specifications

Involves program coding, or writing

instructions in accordance with the rules of a
chosen programming language

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Programming Methodologies and Approaches

Structured or Procedural
Breaks down a complex problem into modules or
procedures (decomposition)
Uses top-down and/or bottom-up approach

Object-oriented
Objects are defined to accomplish a task
Objects are things, people, entities that are naturally part
of the program. O-O makes software representations of
these entities
1. Introduction to Computer Programming I
 Student Registration System

Description
The Student Registration System is a system that screens and
enrolls students for admission to a particular course.
Objectives of the System:
The system should be able to:
Accept and screen student applications
Assesses his/her qualifications
If qualified, accept the students payment and enroll the
student in the course.

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Student Registration System

System Design
Using a Structured Approach Top-Down Methodology

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Student Registration System

Using Object-oriented methodology, the following objects

were identified:

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Goals of Programming

Reliability
Modifiability
Maintainability

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Goals of Programming

Reliability
Correctness
A program is reliable if it performs the specified functions properly
and has no unwanted side effects

Robustness
A program is robust if it will continue to function in the presence
of environmental changes (such as hardware failure) and demands
(such as bad data) that were not foreseen.
Error-resistant

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Goals of Programming

Modifiability
Adherence to functional decomposition results in
an organized and logical solution to a problem
Logical units can be independently modified,
tested, debugged
Logical units can be reused by other programs.
Reusability is an important element of O-O
programming

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Goals of Programming

Maintainability
As requirements change, there is a need to change certain
parts of a program

Programs must be easy to read and can be understood by

other programmers who might inherit the program
Maintainability determines how long the software or
program will be used
The easier it is to maintain, the longer it will be used

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I

 Program Development Process

1. Introduction to Computer Programming I