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ABSTRACT
employs ultrasonic waves to create audible sound in the air. It works by using
harmless ultrasonic tones that we can't hear. These tones use the property of
air to create new tones that are within the range of human hearing. The result
is audible sound. The acoustical sound wave is created directly in the air
we can hear. Hyper Sonic Sound is produced without the excess baggage of
or enclosures. The result is sound with a potential purity and fidelity never
before attained.
Sound quality is no longer tied to speaker size. The Hyper Sonic Sound
Introduction 3
Invention 10
Technical overview 17
The working 18
HSS systems 20
Basic benefits 26
Applications 28
Conclusion 32
Reference 33
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INTRODUCTION
column to produce sound exactly where you want it. Sound does not spread to
the sides or rear of an HSS unit, eliminating the problem of uncomfortable and
directed only where it is intended to go. Visualize two people standing four
artist, while the other contemplates a painting in complete silence! HSS is like
HSS allows you to restrict sound to a specific area without imposing on nearby
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speaker focused on the area in front of only directory users to hear the
corresponding audio.
The HSS Directional Audio System can operate in Direct Mode, a clear
line of approach from the HSS unit to the target listener, and in Virtual Mode,
Speaker.
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Direct mode
Direct Mode assumes that the listener will be in a direct path in front of
the HSS device. He or she will hear the audible sound as the sound column
passes by their head. The sound will continue to travel past them until it either
things can happen when a sound wave strikes a surface depending on the
surface itself. If the surface is flat and hard (e.g. a mirror or plaster board), the
sound will reflect from the surface. Some energy will be lost, but some of the
sound will be reflected back into the environment. The angle at which the
sound strikes the surface will equal the angle at which it will reflect (assuming
the sound will scatter back into the entire area, while the loudest portion will
follow the refection path. If the surface is absorptive at the proper frequencies,
the surface will contain the sound within the surface and little sound will be
directed back into the environment. The last alternative is to make the surface
diffusive. If you diffuse the reflection you essentially reflect it back into the
room in all directions. Therefore, no single reflection is louder than all the rest.
One of the great benefits of HSS is the fact that we can now predict where the
sound will strike a surface (first reflection) and treat that surface accordingly.
Since traditional loudspeakers emit sound in all directions, the sound always
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sounds like it is coming the speaker device because no matter where you are
in the room, the first sound you hear is actually coming directly at you from the
speaker. Now, with HSS, we only have the one column of sound to deal with.
1) REFLECT IT: Angle the HSS device correctly so that the first reflection is
directed where you want it to go. For example, if you dont want to hear the
first reflection, direct it up into the ceiling, or direct it into a absorptive surface
someplace else in the room, etc. Also remember that sound does dissipate
over distance. Therefore, the farther you can make the reflection travel, the
lower it will be in volume when you hear it again. A good example would be an
overhead HSS unit directed down towards the floor with the first reflection
going back up into the ceiling. If the ceiling were 50 ft. away, the reflected
sound would have to travel 50 ft. up and 50 ft. back down before you would
loud it was when it started, the composition of the ceiling, and ambient sound
level.
2) ABSORB IT: Make the surface struck by the first sound reflection highly
absorptive. The better the absorber, the lower the reflected energy. Carpet, for
example, is a very poor absorber. It will absorb some of the highest sound
frequencies, but will reflect the remainder. Some office wall panels are
somewhat better, but still they will reflect the majority of the energy.
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A local acoustical technician can provide you with the most appropriate
3) DIFFUSE IT: Make the surface multi-layered and multi- dimensional. The
HSS can transform signs, placards, and surfaces into Virtual Speakers.
at the desired sound location. By projecting sound with an HSS unit, a simple
display sign can act as a speaker without wiring or changing the signs
appearance. You can project HSS sound to specific end caps or aisle displays
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or send sound across the room, without uncomfortable and unwanted volume
from loudspeakers. HSS can turn a wall into an information sound center by
Imagine:
store display with the audio message heard only by those standing in front of
the display.
other attendees.
- Display booths at trade show that direct sound only to those in or in front of
without headphones.
areas, rental sites, or repair yards so that it can be heard by those in risk
areas.
- Use of the HSS unit to add audio to an ATM with only the customers actually
All this is now possible with the new hypersonic sound systems.
sound. HSS creates new opportunities for designers to implement and use
sound as never before. Architects now have the ability to integrate sound into
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designs with exciting control of placement. With the HSS Virtual Mode
the sound is needed. Audio engineers will find that HSS is applicable in any
project sound where it is needed; HSS does not inflict excessive sound
pressure at one point to carry the sound to the desired place. HSS can create
THE INVENTION
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Woody Norris from the American Technology Corporation and the inventor
of the Hypersonic Sound Systems.
Woody Norris from the ATC, USA is the inventor of the hypersonic sound
systems. He is from the West Coast maverick with no college degree that got
most of his formal education during a stint as a radar technician in the USAir
Force more than 40 years ago. The holder of a once valuable but long-expired
recorders and car audio systems, and several models of cell phone headsets.
He has been at work on what he calls hypersonic sound for much of the past
He had the idea 20 years ago. He was inspired by the working of the color
television. The color TV uses only 3 primary colors-red, blue and green. It
tricks the eye in to seeing other colors by mixing the primary colors. He
decided to apply this same formula in quality sound production. He knew that
ultrasonic waves, a far high pitch tone that the ear can detect travel farther
and stay more focused than waves at lower pitches. So, Norris found a way to
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make two slightly different ultra sonic waves carry information about a sound,
When the waves encounter a solid object or person, they slow, distort and
crash together. The result is the ultra sonic waves re-create the original sound
in the air around the object, so human humans can hear. So, sound from a
distant HSS speaker seems like its right at your ears because its actually
created fight at your ears. If you step out of the beam, the waves have nothing
to distort and, so the inaudible ultra sonic waves slide silently past.
loudspeaker, invented more than 80 years ago. Even the best loudspeaker he
says, are subject to distortion, and their omni directional sound is annoying to
people in the vicinity who dont wish to listen. What remains to be seen is if the
SPEAKERS
today. Even the most sophisticated hi-fi speakers have a difficult time in
common: they are direct radiating-- that is, they are fundamentally a piston-
like device designed to directly pump air molecules into motion to create the
audible sound waves we hear. HSS technology produces sound in the air
pushed to its limits, a whole array of terms has come to define the various
nature: mass, magnetic structure, enclosure design, cone construction, etc. All
form an important part of the final product's capability to perform its function in
element, more than any other in a speaker system, affects the overall purity of
reproducing sound, the speaker cone should follow precisely the delicate
over the entire range of hearing, and would offer perfect linearity while at the
same time being able to couple enough energy into the air to produce any
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sound level desired. Hyper Sonic Sound technology does precisely that--it
moving air. Signals fed to the drivers voice coil set up a magnetic field, which
- in concert with the speaker's permanent magnet - causes the speaker cone
to move and, thus, move air. For example, if you feed a pure tone - say, a 1-
kilohertz (kHz) sine wave - to a speaker's voice coil, its cone will oscillate back
and forth 1000 times per second. The resultant movement of air allows you to
hear the 1-kHz tone. Feed a complex signal - for instance, one representing
the output of a symphony orchestra - to a speaker's voice coil and the result
follows the same principles, but the speaker motion is more complex.
been striving to overcome ever since the first loudspeaker was invented.
Compared with the technological progress made for tuners, amplifiers, and
snail's pace. Modern speakers are not much different from those made in the
early days. They still suffer from same problems - and there's a good reason
First, consider that to produce the full audio range (20 Hz to 20 kHz)
resonant at one frequency (usually the lowest it can reproduce) because of its
physical construction, and the enclosure has its own resonant frequency as
well. In addition, no loudspeaker can really reproduce the 20-Hz bottom of the
by-product of the technique is that sound may be projected to just about any
as a spotlight. You can direct the HSS ultrasonic emitter toward a hard
surface, a wall for instance, and the listener perceives the sound as coming
from the spot on the wall. The listener does not perceive the sound as
emanating from the face of the transducer, only from the reflection off the wall.
contouring the face of the HSS ultrasonic emitter. For example, a very narrow
wave front might be developed for use on the two sides of a computer screen
while a home theater system might require a broader wave front to envelop
multiple listeners.
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HSS Technology
Advantages
shift
. Ultrasonic emitter devices are thin and flat and do not require a mounting
cabinet.
cannot.
. The focused or directed sound travels much farther in a straight line than
conventional loudspeakers
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. Dispersion can be controlled very narrow or wider to cover more listening
area.
Technology Overview
Range of Hearing
"audio" range), and can detect the vibration amplitudes that are comparable in
percentage of shifts from the lowest audible frequency to the highest, it spans
or uniformly over this range of frequencies. In order to deal with this speaker
manufacturers carve the audio spectrum into smaller sections. This requires
transducer that only needs to produce waves uniformly over only a 10%
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frequency range. For example, if a loudspeaker only needed to operate from
THE WORKING
Basic principle
Hyper Sonic Sound technology creates audible sound from the
reference signal is held constant at 200 kHz and a variable signal which
ranges from 200.020 kHz to 220 kHz are the signals used. The reference
signal combines with variable signal to produce audible signal in the air whose
creates audible sounds that can be heard along a column. This audible
acoustical sound wave is caused when the air down-converts the ultrasonic
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frequencies to the lower frequency spectrum that humans can hear. The basic
normal sound wave (like someone talking) is a small pressure wave that
travels through the air. As the pressure goes up and down, the "nonlinear"
nature of the air itself causes the sound waves to be changed slightly. If you
change the sound waves, new sounds (frequencies) are formed within the
wave. Therefore, if we know how the air affects the sound waves, we can
predict exactly what new frequencies (sounds) will be added into the sufficient
volume to cause the air to create these new frequencies. Since we cannot
hear the ultrasonic sound, we only hear the new sounds that are formed by
the non-linear action of the air. Since the audible sound is produced inside the
product of this is that the audible sound can be tightly focused in any direction
the sound exactly where you want it and substantially eliminating sound in all
other areas. The directionality of the HSS system is unsurpassed, with the
Getting sound right where it is wanted eliminates having to use high sound
voice from the audio source is sent to an electronic signal processor circuit
This amplified ultrasonic signal is sent to the emitter and emitted into the air to
emitter, much like the light from a flashlight. All along that column of ultrasonic
sound, the air is creating new sounds (the sound that we originally converted
to an ultrasonic wave). Since the sound that we hear is created right in the
column of ultrasonic energy, it does not spread in all directions like the sound
column of ultrasonic energy. In order to hear the sound, your ears must be in
line with the column of ultrasound, or, you can hear the sound after it reflects
off a hard surface. For example, if you point the ultrasonic emitter toward a
wall, you will only hear the audible sound after it has reflected off the wall. This
is similar to shining a flashlight at a wall in a dark room. You do not see the
light from the flashlight; you only see the spot of light on the wall. HSS works
the same way, except instead of seeing the spot of light on the wall; you hear
the "spot" of sound reflected from the wall. For stereo, a separate ultrasonic
emitter is required for each channel of audio, one for the left channel and one
Non-Linearity of Air
When two sound sources are positioned relatively closely together and
are of a sufficiently high intensity, two new tones appear: a tone lower than
either of the two original ones and a tone which is higher than the original two.
There are now four tones where before there were only two. It can be
demonstrated mathematically that the two new tones correspond to the sum
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and the difference of the two original ones, which we refer to as combination
tones.
For example, if you were to emit 200,000 Hz and 201,000 Hz into the air,
with sufficient energy to produce a sum and difference tone, you would
produce the sum - 401,000 Hz - and the difference - 1,000 Hz, which is in the
phenomenon known in music for the past 200 years as "Tartan tones." It was
long believed that Tartan Tones were a form of beats because their frequency
frequency was the sum rather than the difference of the two fundamental
circuit?
In theory, the principle appears quite simple. Yet, until now, no one has
levels of sound output in this difference frequency range. ATC ,the makers of
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the Hyper Sound Systems thinks that better audio can be created with a
Mix two signals in a nonlinear medium and you'll end up with four - two
at the original frequencies, a third at a new frequency that is equal to the sum
of the two signals (the sum frequency) and a fourth at a frequency equal to the
frequency, or IF) by being mixed with a local oscillator. This allows greater and
frequencies.
nonlinearly - when sound has a high enough amplitude, the restoring force on
the air molecule varies as the square of its displacement from equilibrium - so
that mixing can occur. Take an ultrasonic transducer, feed it the right signals,
they'll mix, and you'll hear the difference frequency. (The original signals and
frequency" and a second signal that would provide the desired (audible)
was used, one would operate at the carrier frequency and the second at a
frequency required producing the desired output. If the carrier frequency of the
would cover the entire audio range. In theory, this should result in a response
that is virtually flat across the audio range - something that no speaker could
compared with traditional speakers, and - since the sound seems to come
technology, we could "shine" the transducer at a wall, and the sound would
seem to emanate from there just as if we had hit it with a flashlight beam.
change the point where the ultrasound beams would meet, making sound
hover or travel over the heads of viewers. Giving directors the ability to put
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sound exactly where they want it adds a whole new dimension to surround
your speakers on the trash heap just yet. In our demonstration, the transducer
SPACE SAVER.
spectrum of human hearing, which extends from deep bass notes at 20 hertz
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(cycles per sound) to shrill 20,000-hz tones. Speaker materials that can make
rich bass sounds can't accurately handle high notes. Consequently, speaker
boxes typically house two or more speakers, each specializing in narrow tonal
ranges. Now, all these complexities go out the window. Norris' little Hyper
Sonic speakers aren't troubled by the breadth of human hearing because they
frequency. It's mixed with a second signal that varies from 200,020 Hz to
220,000 Hz. Subtract one from the other, and the resulting tones run the
audible gamut.
Basic Benefits
Small Size
just about everything else associated with the conventional speaker: the voice
coil and support structure normally used to attach the moving cone in place.)
Point Source
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The ability to produce the entire audible spectrum of frequencies from a
single point source has been the goal of transducer engineers for the past 50
Performance
specifications:
enough to keep in a
of human hearing. As the waves disperse, properties of the air cause them to
break into three additional frequencies, one of which you can hear. This sonic
frequency gets trapped within the other three, so it stays within the ultrasonic
cone to create directional audio. Step into the beam and you hear the sound
as if it were being generated inside your head. Reflect it off a surface and it
sounds like it originated there. At 30,000 cycles, the sound can travel 150
yards without any distortion or loss of volume. Here's a look at a few of the
first applications.
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1. Virtual Home Theater
wall.
2. Targeted Advertising
3. Sound Bullets
3. Sound Bullets
Jack the sound level up to 145 decibels, or 50 times the human threshold of
weapon.
they walk across the silver screen, the sound shifting subtly as they turn their
heads.
5. Pointed Messages
"You're out too far," a lifeguard could yell into his hypersonic megaphone,
6. Discreet Speakerphone
cube neighbors.
The following contains a brief list of other uses made possible by HSS:
different languages, from a single central device, without the need for
headphones.
Safety Officials - portable bull horn type device for communicating with
announcements,
can be made to emanate directly from an actor's mouth on the screen. Special
of using huge speaker stacks in front. A small table radio might project sound
around an entire room. Why not equip your back yard with tightly focused HSS
emitters to project sound all around your yard for that next pool party.
reproduce the entire audio spectrum. This no longer need be the case. With
HSS, hearing aids may also shrink further in size. Virtual reality, in large-scale
applications, has been brought another step closer. No longer is the quality of
and provide far better results than we have ever heard. Truly, this is a
Hypersonic Speaker Systems which are yet not implemented, but is a real
promising innovation which may be applied in our everyday life and will
revolutionize the sound technology. This paper discussed about the invention,
the inventor, the motive behind the invention, etc. Also discussed about how
hypersonic sound is created and how the hypersonic system works, which
method is used, etc. What the advantages of hypersonic speakers are, over
applications.
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REFERENCE
www.atcsd.com
www.usatoday.com
acoustic.org
www.m-media.com
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