PRESENTATION CONTENT

1.0 Introduction
Process Hazard Analysis
Functional safety
Safety Integrity Level
Safety Instrumented Functions
SIL Selection and Risk
Qualitative versus Quantitative SIL Selection
Benefits of Systematic SIL Selection
Exercises
2.0 Safety Life Cycle Context for SIL
Selection
Functional safety Standards and the Safety
Life Cycle
SLC Analysis Phase
SLC Realization Phase
SLC Operation Phase
Summary
Exercises
3.0 Tolerable Risk
Basis of Risk Tolerance
Measuring Tolerable Risks (Revealed Values)
Risk Tolerance Decisions Based on Financial
Guidelines
Expressions of Risk
1
Benchmarking Risk Acceptance
Using a Financial Basis for Making Risk
Reduction decisions
Exercises

4.0 Identifying Safety Instrumented

Functions
General Risk Identification and Hazard
Analysis
Identification from PHA Reports
Identification from Engineering Drawings
Exercises

5.0 Safety Integrity Level Selection:

Systematic Methods Including LOPA
Rules of Probability
Assigning Probability to an Event
Types of Events and Event Combinations
Combining Event Probabilities
Fault Tree Analysis
Failure Rate and Probability
Simplifications and Approximations
Exercises

6.0 Consequence Analysis Overview

Introduction to Consequence Analysis
2
Methods for Performing Consequence Analysis
Consequence Definitions and Measures
Quantitative Analysis of Chemical Releases
Effect Zone and Consequence
Consequence Analysis Tools
Exercises

7.0 Likelihood Analysis Overview

Statistical Analysis
Fault Propagation Modelling
Likelihood Analysis: An Example
Exercises

8.0 Event Tree Analysis

Introduction to Event Tree Analysis
Initiating Events
Branches
Outcomes
Quantifying Event Trees
Average Consequence of Incidents Using
Event Trees
Exercises

9.0 Layer of Protection Analysis

LOPA Overview
Protection Layers and Mitigating Events
3
LOPA Quantification
Typical Protection Layers
Multiple Initiating Events
Exercises

10.0 SIL Assignment

Correlating Required Risk Reduction and SIL
Hazard Matrix
Risk Graph
Incorporating LOPA into Qualitative Methods
Assignment Based on Frequency
Assignment Based on Individual and Societal
Risk Calibrating Hazard Matrices and Risk
Graphs
SIL Assignment Based on Environmental
Consequence
SIL Assignment Based on Financial
Consequence Selecting from Multiple Integrity
level categories

11.0 Equipment Failure

Failure, Failure rate
Time dependent failure rate
Getting failure rate data
Exercises

4
12.0 System Reliability Engineering
System model building
Reliability block diagrams
Markov models
Exercises

13.0 Equipment Failure modes

Introduction
Fail-safe / Fail danger
Annunciation
No effect, detected / Undetected
SIF modelling of failure modes
PFS/PFD / PFD avg
Exercises

14.0 SIF Verification Process

The conceptual design process
Redundancy
SIF Testing techniques
Probabilistic calculation tools
Verification reports
Exercises

15.0 Getting Failure Rate Data

Introduction
Industry Failure data base
5
Exercises

16.0 SIS SENSORS

Instrument selection
Probabilistic modelling of sensors
Pressure / temperature / flow / level / gas and
flame detectors / Burner flame detectors
Exercises

17.0 LOGIC SOLVERS

Introduction
Solid state / Intrinsically safe solid state
Programmable logic controllers
Safety Programmable logic controllers
Probabilistic modelling of the PLC
Exercises

18.0 SIS FINAL ELEMENTS

Actuator types
Valve failure modes
Valve types
Probabilistic modelling, Failure rate
comparison
Diagnostics and annunciation
Exercises

6
19.0 TYPICAL SIF SOLUTIONS
Introduction
Typical SIL architecture

20.0 SIL APPLICATION IN EXISTING OR

LEGACY PROJECTS
Introduction
Industry standards requirements for SIL
requirements in existing projects.