Efficient Wireless Channel Modeling Using

Stochastic Method
G.GOWTHAMI S.RAVI SHANKAR
Dept. of electronics and communication Dept. of electronics and communications
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
Bangalore, India Bangalore, India
gowthamig999@gmail.com sravishankar2002@gmail.com

Abstract This paper revises the most efficient method of

modeling the wireless multipath channel, sum of sinusoids in
which parameterization of sum of sinusoids can be done using
either deterministic and stochastic methods. This paper compares
the deterministic method (Method of exact doppler spread) and
stochastic method (Randomized method of exact doppler spread)
of parameterising the sum of sinusoids method. This work
includes implementation of OFDM based transceiver chain.
Keywords sum of sinusoidst;Method exact Doppler
Spread;Randomized Method of Exact Doppler Spread;
I. INTRODUCTION
There are three types of losses in wireless channel which
are Path loss, Shadowing, Multipath effects. Path loss is due to
distance between transmitter and receiver. Shadowing is due
to presence of obstacles in the medium. Multipath loss is due
to different paths through which it is going to transmit the
signal.
This work will also include the implementation of
OFDM transceiver chain with least square channel estimation
and equalization. Basic LTE -TDD frame as per 3GPP
standard is taken for data generation. QPSK modulation
technique is used to modulate the data. Most of the present
papers concentrated on deterministic method of
parameterising the wireless channel mode l[7] to [9].
This paper will concentrate on multipath channel
modeling which is modeled using SOS [1] (sum of sinusoids)
method. This method uses parameters like attenuation, path
gains, Doppler frequencies, path delays, phase shift. In which
path delay and path gains can be taken from the user
depending on which type of channel is going to model. Other
parameters are calculated by using various methods which are
classified as deterministic and stochastic methods.
II. METHOD OF SINUSOIDS
Wireless channel model can be modeled using Sum
of Sinusoids method in which channel can be represented as
the impulse response which is given by
, = ( ) (1)
Where the represents Sum of sinusoids which can be
calculated as shown below .
= =1 ,, cos (2 ,, + ,, )
Where i =1,2...(3)
, = . .(4)
, = 2 fi,n S i i (fi,n ).. (5)
. Is no of sinusoids
, Is gain of nth component of propagation path
, Is Doppler frequency
,, Is phase
In which , ,, ,,, are calculated from
parameterization methods. Whereas and are taken as user
input. It depends on which model we are using. Here, we are
using COST207 channel model under rural, urban, hilly urban
and terrain conditions. The phases i,n(n = 1, 2, . . . , Ni) are
independent identically distributed random variables, each
having a uniform distribution over the interval (0, 2].
III. METHOD OF EXACT DOPPLER SPREAD
The MEDS (Method of Exact Doppler Spread) is a
deterministic method to estimate the parameters. [2] This is
method is uses the Jakes power spectral density.
The autocorrelation for the simulation model for the random
process () is given by

^2 1
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section = =1 cos 2 . ..(6)
2 2
2 describes the sum of sinusoids method and section 3
contains the deterministic methods of parameterization of SOS
And the standard autocorrelation for deterministic process is
model .section 4 covers stochastic method of parameterization.
given by
section 5 contains simulation results and conclusion.
i,n c ^2
() = =1
cos2, (7)
2
By comparing the equations (6) and (7) we can define
the path gains and the Doppler frequencies as
 2
, = .(8)

1
, = sin (9)
2 2
These parameters are used to compute the sum of
sinusoids in the process of modeling the channel.

IV. RANDOMIZED METHOD OF EXACT DOPPLER SPREAD

This method is a stochastic method of extracting

parameters. The combination of Monte Carlo and exact
Doppler spread is called as Randomized method of exact
Doppler spread.[2]In this method by randomizing the angle of
arrival by adding the random variable, having distribution Fig1: BER plots for COST207rural area using MEDS AND RMEDS methods
over[-] we can randomize the Doppler frequency
estimation.

This method also uses Jakes power spectral density

to calculate the parameters like Doppler frequencies and
attenuation.

The idea behind the method is to use the method of

exact Doppler spread as a basis and then to randomize the
angles-of-arrival by adding a small random variable to it. The
path gains ci,n are the same as the deterministic quantities in
(8) and The discrete Doppler frequencies fi,n are defined by
1 ,
, = cos + (10)
2 2 4

V. SIMULATION RESULTS
Fig2: spectral efficiency Vs SNR plots for COST207rural, urban and
terrestrial area models
The QPSK and OFDM-QPSK base communication
systems have been implemented with the COST207 channel
model in this work. The following table shows the power
delay profile of the COST207 channel model.

Bit error rate for both the systems are compared. And
simulation results are shown below. Fig1 shows the bit error
rate Vs signal to noise ratio plots for COST207 rural, urban
and terrestrial model.Fig2 shows the BER Vs SNR for 4 path
COST207 rural area model using MEDS and RMEDS method.
Difference between these BERs are plotted in Fig3 and
observed that BER difference is more at low SNR values.

And the performance measurements of the channel

like channel capacity and spectral efficiency are calculated.[3]
Channel capacity of the channel is shown in Fig5 which is
increasing exponentially as the SNR values increasing. The Fig3: channel capacity Vs SNR plots for COST207rural, urban and terrestrial
spectral efficiency is plotted against SNR in Fig5 which is also area models
increasing exponentially as the SNR is increasing.

TABLE I. BER COMPARISON OF DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC

METHOD

SNR BER for BER for

MEDS RMEDS
1 0.50492 0.503333
 2 0.478854 0.476417
3 0.449698 0.449042
4 0.421406 0.421417
5 0.392535 0.392417
6 0.360851 0.361538
7 0.329306 0.328622
8 0.296392 0.295958
9 0.260993 0.261497
10 0.227771 0.227038
11 0.191788 0.194674
12 0.160604 0.160476
13 0.131385 0.131135
14 0.105267 0.105816
15 0.082917 0.083413

CONCLUSION

The QPSK and OFDM-QPSK base communication

systems have been implemented in this work. Bit error rate for
both the systems are compared. OFDM has low bit error rate
compared with QPSK based communication system. Channel
modeling is implemented using SOS method in which
MEDS(deterministic method) and RMEDS(stochastic method)
of parameterization has been compared. In which RMEDS
results into low bit error rate compared to MEDS.

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