(Effective Alternative Secondary Education)

MATHEMATICS II
Y

MODULE 6
Searching for Patterns in
Sequences, Arithmetic, Geometric and
Others

BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

Department of Education
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City

Module 6
 Searching for Pattern in Sequence,
Arithmetic, Geometric and others

What this module is about

This module is about geometric series. This is another type of series that you
will study aside from arithmetic series. There are a lot of applications of geometric
series that will be discussed here. It is assumed that you have already mastered your
Algebra at this point since this is the last of the modules to be taken up for second
year math. As with arithmetic series, the formulas play an important part in the
solution of the problems. Good luck!

What you are expected to learn

At the end of this module you are expected to demonstrate knowledge and
skills related to geometric sequences and apply these in solving problems. Specifically,
it is expected that you will be able to:

a. derive the formula for the sum of the terms of a geometric sequence;
b. find the sum of the terms of a finite geometric sequence;
c. derive the formula for an infinite geometric series; and
d. solve problems involving geometric sequences.

How much do you know

A. Find the sum of the first n terms of the given geometric sequence.

1. 2, 6, 18, n=5 3. -4, 12, -36, n=6

27
2. 12, 9, , n=8 4. 3, 3 3, 6, n=4
4

B. Find the sum to infinity of the following geometric sequences.

4 1 1
5. 3, 2, , 6. 2, - , ,
3 4 32

C. Find an equivalent fraction for the repeating decimal.

2
 7. 0.888 8. 0.34545

D. Do as directed:

9. If you worked at a job where you were paid 1 centavo for the first day and
your pay was doubled for each of the next 30 days, how much money would
you earn on the 30th day?

10. To test the bounce of a tennis ball, the ball is dropped from a height of 10 ft.
The ball bounces 75% of its previous height with each bounce. How high
does the ball bounce on the sixth bounce?

What You will do

Lesson 1

Geometric Series

If in an arithmetic progression, the sum of the 1 st term is called an arithmetic

series, what does one call the sum of the 1 st n terms of a geometric progression?
Definitely, its called a geometric series.

For this lesson, only finite geometric series will be discussed. Infinite geometric
series are discussed in the next lesson.

The indicated sum of the terms of a geometric sequence is called a geometric

series, it is denoted by Sn. In symbols,

Sn = a1 + a1r1 + a1r2 + a1r3 ++ a1rn-2 + a1rn -1

To find the sum of the 1st n terms of a geometric progression, start by writing the
sum of the n terms of a geometric progression in general terms.

Sn = a1 + a1r1 + a1r2 + a1r3 ++ a1rn-2 + a1rn -1

Now, multiply both sides by r

r Sn = a1r + a1r1 r + a1r2 r + + a1rn-2 r + a1rn - 1 r

= a1r1 + a1r2 + a1r3 + + a1rn-1 + a1rn

3
Next, subtract the second equation from the first

S n a1 a1 r 1 a1 r 2 a1 r 3 ... a1 r n 2 a1 r n 1
r Sn a1 r 1 a1 r 2 a1 r 3 ... a1 r n 1 a1 r n
S n r S n a1 - a1rn

S n rS n a1 a1 r n

S n 1 r a1 a1 r n

a1 a1 r n a1 (1 r n )
Sn Sn
1 r 1 r

Sum of n term of a Geometric Progression

The sum of n terms of a geometric progression is given by:

a1 (1 r n )
Sn where: a1 = first term of a geometric progression
1 r
r = common ratio, r 1

It is good to note that r should not equal 1 since if it is, the denominator will not
make any sense.

But what if r = 1, does it mean that a sum does not exist? Of course the sum
exists.

If r = 1, then Sn = a1 + a1 + a1 ++ a1 = na1

Example 1. Find the sum of the first six terms of the geometric sequence
3, 6, 12, 24,

Solution: The common ratio is 6/3 = 2. The sum of 6 terms is given by:

a1 (1 r n )
Sn
1 r

3(1 2 6 )
S6 =
1 2

4
 3(1 64) 3( 63)
= = = 189
1 1

1 1
Example 2. Find the sum of 10 terms of the progression: 1, , ,
2 4

1
Solution: In this case: a = 1, r = , and n = 10
2

a1 (1 r n )
Sn
1 r

1 10
11
2
S 10
1
1
2

1
1 1024

S10
1
2
1024 1 1
S 10 2
1024 1024
1023 2
S10
1024 1
S 10 1.998

Using the formula for a geometric series may seem to be tedious but with
practice and a little patience, it will turn out to be not so hard at all.

Example 3. Find the sum of the indicated number of terms in the given geometric
sequence.

a. a1 = 3, r = -1, n = 9 c. a1 = 3, r = -1, n = 12

b. a1 = 8, r = -1, n =51 d. a1 = 8, r = -1, n = 30

Solution: a. S n
a1 (1 r n )
= S9 =

3 1 (1) 9


31 (1) 3 2
3
1 r 11 2 2

b. S n
a1 (1 r n )
= S51=

8 1 ( 1) 51


81 (1) 8 2
8
1 r 11 2 2

5
 c. Sn
a1 (1 r n )
= S12=

3 1 (1)12

31 1 3 0
0
1 r 11 2 2

d. S n
a1 (1 r n )
= S30=

8 1 ( 1) 30

31 1 8 0
0
1 r 11 2 2

From Example 3, one can generalize that if r = -1, then

Sn = a1 when n is odd or
Sn = 0 when n is even.

Example 4. Find the sum of the geometric series: 3 12 48 ... up to 5 terms

Solution: Using the formula for the sum of a geometric series with a 1 = 3 and
r = 4.
a (1 r n )
Sn 1 =

3 1 ( 4) 5

31 1024 3(1023)
1023
1 r 1 4 3 3

The sum is 1023.

Try this out

A. Do as directed.

1. Find the sum of the first 8 terms of the geometric progression: 2, 4, 8, 16,

2. What is the sum of the first 3 terms of the geometric progression:

1 1 1
1, , , ,... ?
2 4 8
1 1 1
3. What is the sum of the first 30 terms of 1, , , ,... ?
2 4 8

4. Find the sum of the first 4 terms of the geometric series:

1 + 10 + 100 + 1000 +

5. Find the sum of the first 7 terms of the geometric sequence: 3, 9, 27, 81,

B. Fill in the table with the correct values.

6
No. a1 r n an Sn

6. 3 -4 8

1
7. 2 7
3

1
8. 32 8
4

9. -3 7 -2 916

1 3 243
10.
2 2 64

Lesson 2

Sum of an Infinite Geometric Sequence

Sum of an infinite geometric sequence! Is there such a thing? Well, there is! You
are actually going to learn it in this lesson.

As an introduction, lets start from what we know. The formula for finite
geometric series was given in the last lesson to be

a1 (1 r n )
Sn
1 r

Suppose, one is asked to find the sum of the first 10 terms of the geometric
3 3 3
sequence 3, , , ,....
2 4 8

3
a
The common ratio is 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 . So that
a1 3 2 2 3 2

1 10
31 1 1024 1
31 3
2 1024 1024 1024
S 10
1 1 1
1
2 2 2

7
 1023
3
1024 1023 3069
S10 3 2 5.994
1 1024 512
2

3 3
Notice that the sum of the first 3 terms alone is 3 + 3 1.5 .75 5.25 . This
2 4
means that the last seven terms of the ten terms only amounts to 0.744.

Now, suppose we are asked to find this time the sum of the first 20 terms, first
50 terms, first 100 terms and first 1000 terms of the same geometric progression 3,
3 3 3
, , ,.... The sums are given in Table 1:
2 4 8
TABLE 1

n Solution rn Sum
1 20
31 31 1
2 2 20
20 S 20 1 1
1 1 20
0 5.9999943
1 2 1048576
2 2
1 50
31 1 1
31 50 =
50 2 2 2 50
S 50 6
1 1 1
1 0
2 2 2.25(10) 15

1 100
31 1 1
31 100 =
2

100 2 2100
S100 6
1 1 1
1 0
2 2 1.27(10) 30

1 1000
31 1
31 1000
1000 2 2 1
S 1000 0 6
1 1 2 1000
1
2 2

Note that as n becomes larger, the value of r n is almost 0. This is equivalent

to saying that as n approaches infinity, the value of rn approaches 0.

8
 a1 (1 r n )
This also means that in the formula, S n , the value of (1 rn) is
1 r
almost 1. Now, this leaves the numerator with only the variable, a1, which is the first
a1
term. The right-hand side of the formula then becomes .
1 r

So that generally the sum to infinity of a geometric progression is

a1
S
1 r

It should be noted that the sum to infinity exists because r is a fraction less than
1 or, in symbols, r < 1.

Now, what if r > -1? Will the formula be true? Suppose, in the problem above,
1 1 3 3 3
r = - instead of . So that the sequence becomes 3, - , , ,.... Examine
2 2 2 4 8
Table 2, compare it with Table 1 and look for similarities or differences.
TABLE 2

n Solution rn Sum
1 20 1
31 31 20
20 2 2 1 1
S 20 0 1.9999981
1 1 20
1048576
1 1 2
2 2
1 23 1 1
31 31 23 =
23 2 2 ( 2) 23
2
S 23
1 1 1
1 1 0
2 2 8388608

1 51 1
31 31 51
1
51 S 51
2
2 2 51
=
1 1 1 2
1 1 0
2 2 2.25(10) 15
1 100 1
31 31
100 2 2 100 1 1
S 100 0
1 1 = 2
1 1 2 100 1.27(10) 30
2 2

9
 1 1001 1
31 31 1001
1001 2 2 1
S1001
1 1 0 2
1 1 21001
2 2

It should be noted here that (-2) 20 = 220 and that (-2)51 = -251. It should also be noted
that even if r is a negative fraction, the value r n becomes almost equal to zero.

Generally, It will not really matter whether r is negative or positive. So that, the
restriction is that r should be greater than -1 but less than 1or in symbols, -1 < r < 1.
This is equivalent to r< 1, of course, r 0.

What if ris greater than 1? Can there be a sum of an infinite number of terms
of a geometric progression?

For example, suppose the sequence is 6, 12, 24, .

Since r = 2, as n increases, the value of r n also increases and so does the sum,
Sn. Each new term adds a larger and larger amount to the sum and so there is no limit
to the value of Sn and S does not exist. A similar situation occurs if r = 1.

Therefore:

Sum of the Terms of an Infinite Geometric Sequence

The sum of the terms of an infinite geometric sequence with first

term a and common ratio r, where r< 1, is

a1 1
S or S = a1
1 r 1 r

Example 1. Find the sum to infinity of the geometric sequence with a = 5 and
1
r=- .
3

Solution: Substituting the given values to the formula above, the sum is
a1 5

S = 1 r 1
1 ( )
3

10
 5 5

1 4
1
3 3
4 3
5 5
3 4
15

4
5 5
Example 2. Find the sum to infinity of the geometric sequence 20, 5, , ,....
4 16
1
Solution: The common ratio is and a1= 20. Substituting in the formula
4
a1
S
1 r

20 20
S
1 3
1
4 4
3 4
20 20
4 3
80

9
For the next example, the second form of the formula will be used.

1 1 1
Example 3. Find the sum to infinity of the geometric sequence , , ,...
3 9 27

1 1
Solution: Substituting in the second form of the formula where a 1= and r = ,
3 3
then
1
S = a1
1 r

1
1 1 1 1
1 2
= 3 1 3
2
3

3

1 3
3

1 3 1
= 1
3 2 2

Now, look at the solution using the first form of the formula:

a1
S =
1 r

11
 1 1

3 3 1 2 13 1
=
1 2 3 3 3 2 2
1
3 3

A thorough knowledge of all skills involving fractions helps in the

understanding of how the solution is done.

Try this out

Find the sum to infinity of the geometric progressions given below.

1. 3 6. a1 = 1 000, r = 0.01
12, 4, ,
4

2. 900, 9, 0.09, 7. 36, 24, 16,

3. 18, 6, 2, 8. a1 = 81, r = 0.1

4. 1 9. 1
a1 = 32, r = - a1 = 10, r =
2 5

5. 16, 4, 1, 10. 9 2
a1 = ,r=
8 3

Lesson 3

Applications of Geometric Sequences and Series

A lot of problems can be solved by the formulas for the general term of a
geometric sequence and geometric series, finite or infinite. Of these applications, that
of the infinite geometric series is most interesting as seen in the examples that follow.

Changing Repeating Decimals to Fractions:

Example 1. Show that the repeating, non- terminating decimal 0.2727 is equal to
3
.
11

Solution: The decimal can be expanded and written as 0.27 + 0.0027 + 0.000027
+ .. The expanded decimal looks like an infinite geometric series.
Writing the decimal as a fraction gives

12
 27 27 27
......
100 1000 1000000

The series of numbers really is an infinite geometric series, since there is

1 27
a common ratio, r = , with a1 = . So solving for the sum, gives
100 100

27 27 27
a1
S 100 100 100
1 r 1 100 1 99
1
100 100 100 100

27 99 27 100 27 3

100 100 100 99 99 11

3
So it has been shown that 0.2727 =
11

This example shows how to change repeating, non- terminating decimals to

fractions. Actually all repeating, non- terminating decimals can be changed to fractions
using this method. Another example is shown so one gets used to solving this type of
problem.

Example 2. Change 5.135135 to fraction in lowest terms.

135 135 135

Solution: 5.135135 = 5 + 1000 ......
(1000) 2 (1000) 3

The sequence of numbers after 5, forms an infinite geometric series with

135 1
a1 = and r = . So that
1000 1000

135 135 135

5+ 2
...... = 5 + S
1000 (1000) (1000) 3

135 1
135 1

=5+ =5+
1000 1 1 1000 1000 1

1000 1000 1000

135 1
=5+ 5 135 1 999 5 135 1 1000
1000 1000 1000 999
1000 999
1000

13
 135 1000 135 4995 135 5130 190
=5+ 5 =
1000 999 999 999 999 999 37

190
Therefore, 5.135135 =
37

Solution to a problem like this looks so hard. Well, notice that every detail has
been put here so one gets to understand each step better. But when one solves on
his/her own, shortcuts may be used.

Rebounding Ball

Example 3. A certain ball when dropped from a height rebounds 3/5 of the original
height. How high will the ball rebound after the fourth bounce if it was
dropped from a height of 10 m?

Solution: A diagram as to how the ball will rebound will give a clear view of the
problem.

1st rebound
2nd rebound
3rd rebound
4th rebound

1st bounce 2nd bounce 3rd bounce 4th bounce

The problem asking for how high the ball will rebound after the 4 th bounce is
equivalent to asking for the height the ball has reached on its fourth rebound, then this
can be solved by listing down the heights the ball reaches at each rebound. On the
3
first rebound the height the ball reaches is the height of the previous height,
5
3 3
which is 10m. So that of 10=(10)= 6m. On the second rebound the height
5 5
3 18 3 18 54
the ball reaches is (6) = ; on the third rebound, the height is ( )= ;
5 5 5 5 25
3 54 162
and finally on the fourth rebound, the height the ball rebounds is ( )= =1.3
5 25 125
m.

14
 Using the formula for the nth term of a geometric sequence with a 1 = 6, and
3
r= :
5
a n a1 r n 1

4 1
3 3
3
27 162
a4 = 6 = 6 = 6 = =1.3m
5 5 125 125

The ball rebounds 1.3 m after the 4th bounce.

Example 4. What is the total distance that the ball in Example 3 has traveled by the
time it comes to rest?

3
Solution: If the ball always rebounds the distance it falls, then theoretically it
5
never comes to rest. However, the sum of the distances it travels
downward and the sum of the distances it travels on the rebounds form
two infinite series.
10

6 6
18/5 18/5
162/125
54/25 54/25
162/125

18 54 162
downward series 10 + 6 + + ...
5 25 125

18 54 162
upward series 6+ + ...
5 25 125

The total distance S the ball travels can be found by adding the sums of these
infinite series. This gives

S = downward series + upward series

15
 18 54 162 18 54 162
= 10 6 ... + 6 ...
5 25 125 5 25 125

18 54 162
Notice that the series 6 ... is contained in both the downward
5 25 125
and upward series, then S can be written as

18 54 162
S = 10 + 2 6 ...
5 25 125

3 3
2
3
3

= 10 + 2 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 ...

Using the formula for the sum of an infinite series S = a1 /(1- r) with a = 6 and
r = 3/5, then,

6 6
S = 10 + 2 = 10 + 25 3
1 3

5 5
5

6
2 5
= 10 + 2 = 10 + 2 6 10 26
2 5 2
5

= 10 + 2(15) = 40

The total distance traveled by the ball is 40 m.

Chain Letter Problem

Example 5. Linda starts a chain letter and sends it to three friends. Each of the three
friends sends the letter to 3 other friends and the sequence is repeated.
Assuming that no one breaks the chain, how many letters will have been
sent from the first through the sixth mailings?

Solution: Again, a diagram will help in the understanding of the problem.

1st

16
2nd

On the first mail, 3 letters are sent, on the second mailing there are 3(3) = 9
letters sent, on the third mailing there are 9(3) = 27 letters sent, and so on. So that the
sequence formed is 3, 9, 27,

The problem asked for the total letters mailed. So the formula for the sum of n
terms of a geometric sequence is used.

a1 (1 r n )
Sn
1 r

3(1 3 6 ) 3(1 729) 3(728) 2184

S6 = = 1092
1 3 2 2 2

There are 1092 letters mailed in all.

Growth of Bacteria:

Example 6. A certain culture of bacteria initially contains 1 000 bacteria and doubles
every hour. How many bacteria are in the culture at the end of 10 hours?

Solution: Since the number of bacteria doubles every hour and there are initially
1 000, therefore at the end of the first hour there will be 2 000. At the end
of the second hour, there will be 4 000 and so on. A table of values will
help .

t hours 1 2 3 4 5
no. of bacteria 2 000 4 000 8 000 16 000 32 000

The second row of the table shows a geometric sequence where a 1= 2000 and
r = 2. Using the formula for the nth term of a geometric progression, then,

an = a1 r n 1 = 2000(2)101 2000(2) 9 2000(512) =1 024 000

There are 1 024 000 bacteria at the end of 10 hours.

Here notice that we did not start the sequence with 1 000 since it is the initial
number of bacteria in the culture and there are no doublings yet.

Binary System

17
 In a computer, numbers are stored in memory locations where spots are
magnetized or not magnetized. These spots can be interpreted as zero or one to
represent numbers in a base-two number system. A base-two number system uses the
same principle of positional notation as a base-ten number system or the decimal
system.

Base-10 system Base-2 system

34 215 1 0 1 0 1

5 x 100 = 5 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 101 = 10 0 x 21 = 0
2 x 102 = 200 1 x 22 = 4
4 x 103 = 4000 0 x 23 = 0
3 x 104 = 30000 1 x 24 = 16

Total value: 34215 Total value: 21

A single one or zero in a base-two number system is called a bit which is short
for binary digit. Designating a computer as an 8-bit or 16-bit computer indicates that
the number of bits that can be stored in a single memory location. The value of each
bit read from right to left across the number is given by the corresponding term of a
geometric progression with a common ratio of two.

Example 7. What is the value of the fourth bit from the right in the binary
number 101111?

Solution: This is a geometric progression with a1 =1 and r = 2. So that the

value of a4 is

an = a1 r n 1 a4 = 1(2)4 1 = 23 = 8.

Example 8. What is the largest number that can be stored in an eight-bit binary
number?

Solution: This is the same as asking for the sum of the geometric
progression of 8 terms with a1 = 1 and r = 2.

Sn
a1 (1 r n )
S8 =

11 28
=

1(1 256)
= 255
1 r 1 2 1

255 is the largest base-ten number that can be stored in eight bits.

Example 9. Solve the following equation for x:

18
 3
1 x x 2 x 3 ...
2

Solution: It is assumed that the infinite series given in the problem is geometric
a2 x
since it has an indicated sum. Observe that a 2 = r = x since r = .
a1 1
Using the sum of an infinite geometric sequence,

2 1
2(1 x) 3 2 2 x 3 2 x 3 2 1
3 1 x

1
-2x = 1 x=-
2

Try this out

A. Write each of the following repeating decimals as an equivalent fraction:

1. 0.555
2. 0.06262
3. 3.297297
4. 2.6444

B. Solve the following.

5. On the first swing, the length of the arc through which a pendulum swings is
20dm. The length of each successive swing is 4/5 of the preceding swing. What
is the total distance the pendulum has traveled during the four swings?

6. What distance will a golf ball travel if it is dropped from a height of 72 dm,
and if, after each fall, it rebounds 2/3 of the distance it fell?

7. A culture of bacteria doubles every 3 hours. If there are 500 bacteria at the
beginning, how many bacteria will there be after 24 hours?

8. A particular substance decays in such a way that it loses half its weight
each day. If initially there are 256 grams of the substance, how much is left
after 10 days?

9. Solve the following equation for x:

1 x
x x 2 x 3 ...
x

19
 10. What is the value of the largest binary number that can be stored in a 16-
bit computer?

C. The following is the Tower of Hanoi Puzzle. Read it and try to do what you are
asked to. Then answer the questions that follow.

The Tower of Hanoi is a puzzle that has the following form: Three pegs are
placed in a board. A number of disk graded in size are staked in one if the pegs
with the largest disk no the bottom and the succeeding smaller disk placed on
top. The disks are moved according to the following rules:

1. Only one disk at a time may be moved.

2. A larger disk cannot be placed over a smaller disk.

The object of the puzzle is to transfer all the disks from one peg to one of the
other two pegs. If initially there is only one disk, then there will be only one
move. With three disks, then only one move would be required.

You can try this puzzle using playing cards. Select a number of playing cards, in
sequence, from a deck. The number of cards corresponds to the number of
disk, and the number of the card corresponds to the size of the disk. For
example, an ace would correspond to the smallest disk; the two correspond
to the next largest disk, and so on for five cards. Now place three coins on a
table to be used as the pegs. Pile the cards on one of the coins (in order), and
try to move the pile to a second coin. Now a numerically larger card cannot be
placed on a numerically smaller card. Try this for 5 cards. The number of moves
is 31.

The chart below shows the minimum number of moves required for an initial
number of disks. The difference between the numbers of moves for each
succeeding disk is also given.

No. of disks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
No. of moves 1 3 7 15 31 63 x y

2 4 8 16 p q r

Questions:

11. What kind of sequence is the last list of numbers in the chart?
12. Find the values of p, q and r.
13. Then find x and y.
14. What is the general term for the sequence of numbers in the second row?

20
 Lets Summarize

1. The indicated sum of a geometric sequence is called a geometric series.

2. If a1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 ,..., a n is a geometric sequence then a1 a 2 a3 a 4 ... a n is

the corresponding geometric series.

3. A geometric series is either finite or infinite.

4. The sum of n terms of a geometric sequence or the sum of a geometric

series is given by the formula
a (1 r n )
Sn 1
1 r

where a1= the first term, n = the number of terms and r = the common ratio.

5. The sum of an infinite geometric sequence or of an infinite geometric series

is given by the formula

a1 1
S = a1
1 r 1 r

where a1 = the first term and r = the common ratio such that r< 1.

What Have You Learned

A. Find the sum of the first n terms of the given geometric sequence.

1. 3, 6, 12, n = 12
27
2. 12, 9, , n=5
4
3. -5, 15, -45, n=7
4. 3, 3 3, 6, n=4

B. Find the sum to infinity of the following geometric sequences.

21
 3 3
5. 3, , ,
3 4
2 2
6. 2, , -,
3 9

C. Find an equivalent fraction for the repeating decimal.

7. 0.3838
8. 2.251251

D. Do as directed.

9. A certain bacteria triples every 2 hours. If at 9:00 am there are initially 1000
bacteria, how many will there be at 5:00 pm on the same day?

10. On the first swing, the length of the arc through which a pendulum swings
is 10 dm. The length of each successive swing is 2/3 of the preceding swing.
Find the total distance it has traveled before coming to rest.

22
 Answer Key
How Much Do You Know

1. 242 6. 16
7
2. 43.19 7. 8
9
3. 728 8. 19
5
4. 12(1 + 3 ) 9. Php 10,737,418.23
5. 9 10. 3645
2048
Try This Out

Lesson 1

1. 510 6. an= -49,152 Sn= -39,321

2. 7 7. 2 2186
a n= S n=
4 729 729
3. 2 8. 1 255
r= S n=
2 4
4. 1,111 9. a1= -4 Sn= -2188
5. 3,279 10. 665
n=6 Sn=
64
Lesson 2

1. 18 6. 100,000/99
2. 10000 7. 108
11
3. 27 8. 90
4. 64 9. 25
3 2
5. 64 10. 27
3 40

Lesson 3

1. 5 8. 1023
g
9 24
2. 31 9. 2
495 2
3. 611 122 10. 65,535
3 or
37 37

23
4. 29 119 11. Geometric sequence
2 or
45 45
5. 100dm 12. p = 32, q = 64, r = 128
6. 360dm 13. x = 127, y = 255
7. 128,000 bacteria 14. a n= 2 n 1

What have you learned

1. 189 6. 3
2. 217 7. 38
16 99
3. -2735 8. 251 2249
2 or
999 999
4. 6(1+ 2 ) 9. 81,000 bacteria
5. 6 10. 30 dm

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